1
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Loh JYY, Zeineddine A, Shayegannia M, McNeil R, McRae L, Kherani NP. A one-step, tunable method of selective reactive sputter deposition as a wrinkling approach for silver/polydimethylsiloxane for electrically conductive pliable surfaces. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:89. [PMID: 35957954 PMCID: PMC9360048 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The wrinkle period and morphology of a metal thin film on an elastic substrate is typically controlled by modifying the substrate before carrying out additional metal deposition steps. Herein, we show that a simultaneously selective and reactive sputtering plasma that modifies the surface of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate while not reacting with the metal during the deposition process decreases the wrinkle wavelength and induces additional wrinkling components and features such as ripples or folds. The selective reaction of the nitrogen plasma with PDMS functionalizes the siloxane surface into silicon oxynitride. This hardens the immediate surface of PDMS, with a quadratic increase in the Young's modulus as a function of the sputtering flow ratio. The increase in the critical strain mismatch and the corresponding presence of folds in the nitrogen-modified wrinkled silver film form a suitable plasmonic platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), yielding an enhancement factor of 4.8 × 105 for detecting lipids. This enhancement is linked to the emergence of electromagnetic hotspots from surface plasmon polariton coupling between the folds/wrinkles, which in turn enables the detection of low concentrations of organics using SERS. Furthermore, when strained, the nitrogen-modified wrinkles enhance electrical conductivity by a factor of 12 compared with unmodified films. Finally, the optical properties of the substrate can be tuned by altering the N2 content. The simple addition of nonreactive nitrogen to silver sputtering enables simultaneous PDMS hardening and growth of the silver film and together provide a new avenue for tuning wrinkling parameters and enhancing the electrical conductivity of pliable surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Y. Y. Loh
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4 Canada
| | - Ali Zeineddine
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4 Canada
| | - Moein Shayegannia
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4 Canada
| | - Robyn McNeil
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4 Canada
| | - Liam McRae
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4 Canada
| | - Nazir P. Kherani
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4 Canada
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4 Canada
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2
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Isoda K, Ishiyama T, Mutoh Y, Matsukuma D. Stimuli-Responsive Room-Temperature N-Heteroacene Liquid: In Situ Observation of the Self-Assembling Process and Its Multiple Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12053-12062. [PMID: 30816691 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel stimuli-responsive room-temperature photoluminescent liquid 1 based on the N-heteroacene framework is developed and analyzed by several experiments such as differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, in situ observation by optical and polarized optical microscopes, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and by theoretical methods such as ab initio calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation techniques. In contrast to stimuli-responsive solid materials reported previously, liquid 1 in response to HCl vapor as a single stimulus can involve dramatically multiple changes in physical properties such as rheological behavior, morphology, as well as photoluminescence. The present ab initio calculation and microsecond-timescale MD simulations reveal that the complexation of 1 and HCl molecules induces a large dipole moment, leading to the formation of stacking structures because of their dipole-dipole interaction. Upon exposure to HCl vapor, in situ microscopic observation of the stimuli-responsive liquid elucidates a self-assembling process involving the formation of the wrinkle structure in a micrometer scale, indicating disorder-order phase transition. Further exposure of 1 to HCl vapor from seconds to hours has an influence on the macroscopic physical properties such as viscosity, viscoelasticity, and photoluminescent colors. The synergy between the experimental and theoretical investigations opens a new strategy to develop a novel class of stimuli-responsive materials showing multiple changes in physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Isoda
- Faculty of Engineering and Design , Kagawa University , 2217-20 Hayashi-cho , Takamatsu , Kagawa 761-0396 , Japan
- Health Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 2217-14 Hayashi-cho , Takamatsu , Kagawa 761-0395 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
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3
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Wang R, Liu Z, Wan G, Jia T, Zhang C, Wang X, Zhang M, Qian D, de Andrade MJ, Jiang N, Yin S, Zhang R, Feng D, Wang W, Zhang H, Chen H, Wang Y, Ovalle-Robles R, Inoue K, Lu H, Fang S, Baughman RH, Liu Z. Controllable Preparation of Ordered and Hierarchically Buckled Structures for Inflatable Tumor Ablation, Volumetric Strain Sensor, and Communication via Inflatable Antenna. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10862-10873. [PMID: 30735351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflatable conducting devices providing improved properties and functionalities are needed for diverse applications. However, the difficult part in making high-performance inflatable devices is the enabling of two-dimensional (2D) buckles with controlled structures on inflatable catheters. Here, we report the fabrication of highly inflatable devices with controllable structures by wrapping the super-aligned carbon nanotube sheet (SACNS) on the pre-inflated catheter. The resulting structure exhibits unique 2D buckled structures including quasi-parallel buckles, crisscrossed buckles, and hierarchically buckled structures, which enables reversible structural changes of 7470% volumetric strain. The 2D SACNS buckled structures show stable electrical conductance and surface wettability during large strain inflation/deflation cycles. Inflatable devices including inflatable tumor ablation, capacitive volumetric strain sensor, and communication via inflatable radio frequency antenna based on these structures are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Electronic Information and Optics Engineering, and College of Pharmacy , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Zhongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Electronic Information and Optics Engineering, and College of Pharmacy , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan , Guangdong 528000 , China
| | - Guoyun Wan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
| | - Tianjiao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Electronic Information and Optics Engineering, and College of Pharmacy , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Mei Zhang
- High-Performance Materials Institute , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Dong Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Monica Jung de Andrade
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Electronic Information and Optics Engineering, and College of Pharmacy , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Shougen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Deqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Electronic Information and Optics Engineering, and College of Pharmacy , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Weichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Electronic Information and Optics Engineering, and College of Pharmacy , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan , Guangdong 528000 , China
| | - Yinsong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
| | - Raquel Ovalle-Robles
- Nano-Science and Technology Center , Lintec of America, Inc. , Richardson , Texas 75081 , United States
| | - Kanzan Inoue
- Nano-Science and Technology Center , Lintec of America, Inc. , Richardson , Texas 75081 , United States
| | - Hongbing Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Shaoli Fang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Ray H Baughman
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Electronic Information and Optics Engineering, and College of Pharmacy , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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4
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Zeimaran E, Pourshahrestani S, Pingguan-Murphy B, Kong D, Naveen SV, Kamarul T, Kadri NA. Development of poly (1, 8-octanediol citrate)/chitosan blend films for tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:618-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Liu Y, He K, Chen G, Leow WR, Chen X. Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12893-12941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geng Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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6
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Wang R, Long Y, Zhu T, Guo J, Cai C, Zhao N, Xu J. Fabrication of oriented wrinkles on polydopamine/polystyrene bilayer films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 498:123-127. [PMID: 28324717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wrinkles exist widely in nature and our life. In this paper, wrinkles on polydopamine (PDA)/polystyrene (PS) bilayer films were formed by thermal annealing due to the different thermal coefficients of expansion of each layer. The factors that influenced the dimensions of wrinkles were studied. We found that oriented wrinkles could be formed if the bilayer films were patterned with micro-grooves, and the degree of the orientation depended on the thickness of the PDA and the dimensions of the grooves. Combined with the strong adhesion, biocompatibility and reactivity of PDA, the oriented wrinkles on PDA/PS patterned bilayers may find potential application in diffraction gratings, optical sensors and microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuhua Long
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Tang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chao Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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7
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Song J, Feng X, Huang Y. Mechanics and thermal management of stretchable inorganic electronics. Natl Sci Rev 2016; 3:128-143. [PMID: 27547485 PMCID: PMC4991896 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwv078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretchable electronics enables lots of novel applications ranging from wearable electronics, curvilinear electronics to bio-integrated therapeutic devices that are not possible through conventional electronics that is rigid and flat in nature. One effective strategy to realize stretchable electronics exploits the design of inorganic semiconductor material in a stretchable format on an elastomeric substrate. In this review, we summarize the advances in mechanics and thermal management of stretchable electronics based on inorganic semiconductor materials. The mechanics and thermal models are very helpful in understanding the underlying physics associated with these systems, and they also provide design guidelines for the development of stretchable inorganic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Song
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Soft Matter Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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8
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Han X, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Lu C. Controlling and prevention of surface wrinkling via size-dependent critical wrinkling strain. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4444-4452. [PMID: 25939362 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00761e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface wrinkling may occur in a film-substrate system when the applied strain exceeds the critical value. However, the practically required strain for the onset of surface wrinkling can be different from the theoretically predicted value. Here we investigate the film size effect-dependent critical strain for the mechanical strain-induced surface wrinkling via a combination of experiments and theoretical analysis. In the poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based system fabricated by the smart combination of mechanical straining and selective O2 plasma (OP) exposure through Cu grids, the film size effect on the critical wrinkling strain is systematically studied by considering OP exposure duration, the mesh number and geometry of Cu grids. Meanwhile, a simple analytical solution revealing the film size effect is well established, which shows good consistency with the experimental results. This study provides an experimental and theoretical basis for finely tuning the critical wrinkling strain in a simple and quantitative manner, which can find a wide range of applications in such fields as microelectronic circuits and optical devices, where controlling and/or prevention of surface wrinkling are of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
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9
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Ohzono T, Hirai Y, Suzuki K, Shimomura M, Uchida N. Reinforced shape-tunable microwrinkles formed on a porous-film-embedded elastomer surface. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:7165-7169. [PMID: 25097044 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new structural design is proposed for wrinkling to improve mechanical durability by exploiting a porous polymer film embedded on the surface of an elastomer, which acts as a hard layer, buckles into wrinkles and effectively suppresses fatal failures such as delamination and cracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohzono
- Nanosystem Research Institute, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan.
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10
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Abstract
Wrinkled patterns are useful for a wide variety of technological applications ranging from microfluidics to microelectronics. In order to use wrinkled patterns for these applications, both the location and the morphology, i.e. wavelength and amplitude of the wrinkled features, must be precisely controlled. In this paper, a surface was fabricated by placing a thin, flat, continuous glassy film on a topographically-patterned elastomeric substrate to control different wrinkling morphologies and mechanisms on a single surface. With this configuration, we achieved unique surfaces with two distinct regions of wrinkling morphology without changing the film material properties; a region where the film is unsupported and the wrinkling mechanics is dictated only by the film property and the pattern geometry, and a region where the film is supported and wrinkling length scales are dictated by the film and elastomer properties. We demonstrated that the wrinkling wavelength and amplitude scales with geometry and applied strain differently and can be independently controlled in each of the distinct regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ebata
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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11
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Li Y, Dai S, John J, Carter KR. Superhydrophobic surfaces from hierarchically structured wrinkled polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:11066-11073. [PMID: 24131534 DOI: 10.1021/am403209r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the creation of superhydrophobic wrinkled surfaces with hierarchical structures at both the nanoscale and microscale. A nanoscale structure with 500 nm line gratings was first fabricated on poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) films by nanoimprint lithography while a secondary micro-scale structure was created by spontaneous wrinkling. Compared with random wrinkles whose patterns show no specific orientation, the hierarchical wrinkles exhibit interesting orientation due to confinement effects of pre-imprinted line patterns. The hierarchically wrinkled surfaces have significantly higher water contact angles than random wrinkled surfaces, exhibiting superhydrophobicity with water contact angles higher than 160° and water sliding angle lower than 5°. The hierarchically structured wrinkled surfaces exhibit tunable wettability from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic and there is an observed transition from anisotropic to isotropic wetting behavior achievable by adjusting the initial film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyong Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9263, United States
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12
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Yang Y, Han X, Ding W, Jiang S, Cao Y, Lu C. Controlled free edge effects in surface wrinkling via combination of external straining and selective O2 plasma exposure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7170-7177. [PMID: 23705830 DOI: 10.1021/la4010517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein the edge effect from the traction-free boundary condition is utilized to direct the spontaneous surface wrinkling. This boundary condition is attained by a simple combination of mechanical straining and selective exposure of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate to O2 plasma (OP) through a copper grid. When the strained PDMS sheet is subjected to selective OP treatment, a patterned heterogeneous surface composed of the OP-exposed "hard" oxidized SiOx region (denoted as D1) and the OP-unexposed "soft" region (denoted as D2) is produced. The subsequent full release of the prestrain (ε(pre)) leads to the selective wrinkling in D1, rather than in D2. It is seen that even in D1, no wrinkling occurs in the vicinity of the D1 edge that is perpendicular to the wavevector. Furthermore, the average wrinkle wavelength in D1 (λ(D1)) is smaller than that of the exposed copper grid-free blank area (λ(blank)). This wavelength decrement between λ(D1) and λ(blank), which can be used to roughly estimate the edge-effect extent, increases with the applied mesh number of copper grids and exposure duration, while decreases with the increase of ε(pre). Meanwhile, there exists a decrease in the amplitude of the patterned wrinkles, when compared with that of the blank region. Additionally, hierarchical wrinkling is induced when the strain-free PDMS substrate is selectively exposed to OP, followed by uniaxial stretching and the subsequent blanket exposure. Consequently, oriented wrinkles perpendicular to the stretching direction are generated in D2. With respect to D1, no wrinkling happens or orthogonal wrinkles occur in this region depending on the applied mesh number, exposure duration, and ε(pre). In the above wrinkling process, the combinative edge effects in two perpendicular directions that are involved sequentially have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P R China
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13
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Li Y, Peterson JJ, Jhaveri SB, Carter KR. Patterned polymer films via reactive silane infusion-induced wrinkling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4632-4639. [PMID: 23496840 DOI: 10.1021/la400155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A method for simultaneously patterning and functionalizing thin poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) films through a reactive silane infusion based wrinkling is developed. Wrinkled patterns with tunable wavelengths on submicrometer size are easily produced over large area surfaces and can express a wide variety of chemical functional groups on the surface. The characteristic wavelength of wrinkling scales linearly with initial film thickness, in agreement with a gradationally swollen film model. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm that the wrinkled film is composed of two layers: a gradient cross-linked top layer and a uniform un-cross-linked bottom layer. The surface chemical properties of wrinkles can be easily tuned by infusion of different functional silanes. Hierarchical wrinkled patterns with micro/nano structure can be achieved by combining wrinkling with other simple lithography methods. Wrinkled nanopatterns can be used as a mold to transfer the topology to a variety of other materials using nanoimprint lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyong Li
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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14
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OHZONO T, SUZUKI K, YAMAGUCHI T, FUKUDA N. Shape-Tunable Wrinkles for a Switchable Optical Diffuser. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2013. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.70.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Guo CF, Nayyar V, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Miao J, Huang R, Liu Q. Path-guided wrinkling of nanoscale metal films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3010-3076. [PMID: 22553132 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Fei Guo
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Ohzono T, Monobe H. Microwrinkles: Shape-tunability and applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 368:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Samyn P, Laborie MP, Mathew AP, Airoudj A, Haidara H, Roucoules V. Metastable patterning of plasma nanocomposite films by incorporating cellulose nanowhiskers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1427-1438. [PMID: 22059805 DOI: 10.1021/la202503h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new method is presented for developing patterned, thin nanocomposite films by introducing cellulose nanowhiskers during the pulsed plasma polymerization of maleic anhydride. Metastable film structures develop as a combination of dewetting and buckling phenomena. By controlling the maleic anhydride monomer to cellulose nanowhisker weight ratio, the whiskers can be incorporated into a homogeneously covering patterned polymer film. Excess nanowhiskers are required to prevent complete dewetting and deposit dimensionally stable films. The formation of anchoring points is assumed to stabilize the film through a "pinning" effect to the substrate. The latter control the in-plane film stresses, similar to the effects of surface inhomogeneities such as artificial scratches. The different morphologies are evaluated by optical microscopy, AFM, contact angle measurements, and ellipsometry. Further analysis by infrared spectroscopy and XPS suggests esterification between the maleic anhydride and cellulose moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Samyn
- Institute for Forest Utilization and Works Science, Freiburg University, Werthmannstrasse 6, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Ionov L. Biomimetic 3D self-assembling biomicroconstructs by spontaneous deformation of thin polymer films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Djordjevic I, Choudhury NR, Dutta NK, Kumar S, Szili EJ, Steele DA. Polyoctanediol citrate/sebacate bioelastomer films: surface morphology, chemistry and functionality. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2010; 21:237-51. [PMID: 20092687 DOI: 10.1163/156856209x415558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Elastomeric polyesters synthesized from non-toxic and biocompatible reactants are topical research materials for tissue-engineering applications. In such applications, the morphology, chemistry and functionality of the materials surfaces play a key role. While a number of papers have focused and reported on the fabrication and biological evaluation of elastic polyesters, only a few have attempted to characterise the surfaces of such materials. In this paper, we report on the preparation and surface characterization of films of a co-polyester bioelastomer, polyoctanediol citrate/sebacate (p(OCS)). The co-polymer was synthesized following the standard procedure of polyesterification using three non-toxic monomers (1,8-octanediol, citric acid and sebacic acid) in a catalyst-free environment. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor the chemical composition of the various p(OCS) elastomers. The p(OCS) films, prepared by both spin-coating and solvent casting of the p(OCS) pre-polymer solutions, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis titration, photo-acoustic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and tested for their cytocompatibility. The results obtained suggest that the surface morphology, chemistry and the concentration of the surface functional groups can be controlled by simply varying the initial acid concentration (citric/sebacic acids) in the pre-polymer. The films supported the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells (MG63). This unique approach provides an effective method of controlling and monitoring the fundamental p(OCS) surface properties important for their potential utilisation as a tissue-engineering material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Djordjevic
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
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Hyun DC, Jeong U. Substrate thickness: An effective control parameter for polymer thin film buckling on PDMS substrates. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Pangule RC, Banerjee I, Sharma A. Adhesion induced mesoscale instability patterns in thin PDMS-metal bilayers. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:234708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2940330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Surface patterns induced by laser irradiation on thin polymer bilayer films. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vandeparre H, Léopoldès J, Poulard C, Desprez S, Derue G, Gay C, Damman P. Slippery or sticky boundary conditions: control of wrinkling in metal-capped thin polymer films by selective adhesion to substrates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:188302. [PMID: 17995443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.188302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkling patterns at the metallized surface of thin polymer films are shown to be sensitive to the sticky or slippery character of the polymer-substrate interface. Existing theoretical models were expanded to specific boundary conditions (adhesive versus slippery) in order to rationalize these observations. Based on this concept, we were able to propose a new and simple method to orient the wrinkles by chemically patterning the substrate with regions of high and low adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Vandeparre
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères, Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux Polymères (CIRMAP), Université de Mons Hainaut, 20, Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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25
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Qian W, Xing R, Yu X, Quan X, Han Y. Highly oriented tunable wrinkling in polymer bilayer films confined with a soft mold induced by water vapor. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:064901. [PMID: 17313238 DOI: 10.1063/1.2431647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report the formation of highly oriented wrinkling on the surface of the bilayer [polystyrene (PS)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)] confined by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold in a water vapor environment. When PVP is subjected to water vapor, the polymer loses its mechanical rigidity and changes to a viscous state, which leads to a dramatic change in Young's modulus. This change generates the amount of strain in the bilayer to induce the wrinkling. With a shape-controlled mold, they can get the ordered wrinkles perfectly perpendicular or leaned 45 degrees to the channel orientation of the mold because the orientation of the resultant force changes with the process of water diffusion which drives the surface to form the wrinkling. Additionally, they can get much smaller wrinkles than the stripe spacing of PDMS mold about one order. The wrinkle period changes with the power index of about 0.5 for various values of the multiplication product of the film thicknesses of the two layers, namely, lambda approximately (h(PS)h(PVP))(1/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Qian
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 1788 Linyuan Road, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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26
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Ohzono T, Shimomura M. Simple fabrication of ring-like microwrinkle patterns. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Ohzono T, Shimomura M. Defect-mediated stripe reordering in wrinkles upon gradual changes in compression direction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:040601. [PMID: 16711776 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the stripe rearrangements in microwrinkles subjected to gradual changes in the compression direction. The spatially averaged stripe orientation follows the changing compression direction with a deviation of 3-4 degrees. Meanwhile, the local stripe orientation stays constant for a certain period and a dislocation gliding nearby causes it to jump suddenly in the direction of compression. This sequence repeatedly occurs over the surface. The regular pattern transiently appears in the stripe orientation as a result of the organized glide motions, indicating the interaction between dislocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ohzono
- Dissipative-Hierarchy Structures Laboratory, Frontier Research System, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Genzer J, Groenewold J. Soft matter with hard skin: From skin wrinkles to templating and material characterization. SOFT MATTER 2006; 2:310-323. [PMID: 32646128 DOI: 10.1039/b516741h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The English-language dictionary defines wrinkles as "small furrows, ridges, or creases on a normally smooth surface, caused by crumpling, folding, or shrinking". In this paper we review the scientific aspects of wrinkling and the related phenomenon of buckling. Specifically, we discuss how and why wrinkles/buckles form in various materials. We also describe several examples from everyday life, which demonstrate that wrinkling or buckling is indeed a commonplace phenomenon that spans a multitude of length scales. We will emphasize that wrinkling is not always a frustrating feature (, wrinkles in human skin), as it can help to assemble new structures, understand important physical phenomena, and even assist in characterizing chief material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
| | - Jan Groenewold
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Research Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wei Q, Li B, Li C, Wang J, Wang W, Yang X. PVP-capped silver nanoparticles as catalysts for polymerization of alkylsilanes to siloxane composite microspheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b608643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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