1
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Synthesis, biological evaluation, and bioinformatics analysis of indole analogs on AChE and GST activities. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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2
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Yasui M, Fujioka H, Takeda N, Ueda M. Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide-Mediated Reductive Indolization of In Situ-Generated Cyclopropyl Hydrazones. Org Lett 2021; 24:43-47. [PMID: 34881907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fischer-type indolization of N-aryl-C-cyclopropyl hydrazones generated in situ followed by chemoselective reduction using tert-butyl iodide as an anhydrous HI generator was developed. This protocol provides indoles bearing carboxylic acid derivative units. A series of control experiments indicated the HI-mediated formation and reduction of spirocyclopropyl indolenines. Anhydrous HI functions as a Brønsted acid as well as a reducing agent, facilitating the successful conversion of unstable reaction intermediates and iodinated mixtures in equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujioka
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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3
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Yamada T, Arai K, Kikuchi R, Okamoto S. Deuteration of Indole Compounds: Synthesis of Deuterated Auxins, Indole-3-acetic Acid-d5 and Indole-3-butyric Acid-d5. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19956-19963. [PMID: 34368582 PMCID: PMC8340417 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a practical and facile synthesis of deuterium-labeled indoles via acid-catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange. 3-Substituted indoles were efficiently deuterated through treatment with 20 wt % D2SO4 in CD3OD at 60-90 °C. A deuterium incorporation reaction of 3-unsubstituted indoles was accomplished through treatment with CD3CO2D at 150 °C. The in situ preparation of a 20 wt % D2SO4/CH3OD/D2O solution enabled a large-scale and low-cost synthesis of auxins, indole-3-acetic acid-d5 and indole-3-butyric acid-d5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Department
of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa
University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuki Arai
- Department
of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa
University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Rie Kikuchi
- Faculty
of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Sentaro Okamoto
- Department
of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa
University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
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4
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5
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Kaur N. Recent developments in the synthesis of nitrogen containing five-membered polyheterocycles using rhodium catalysts. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1487070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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6
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Abstract
This review highlights the use of the bisphosphine ligand group in homogeneous catalysis.
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7
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Xue X, Song Y, Xu Y, Wang Y. A high-performance and long-lived Rh nanocatalyst for hydroformylation of styrene. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00447a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The highest TON of 101 850 was achieved in the hydroformylation of styrene with recyclable thermoregulated phase-separable Rh nanoparticles as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
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8
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Heravi M, Rohani S, Zadsirjan V, Zahedi N. Fischer indole synthesis applied to the total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we are trying to underscore the application of FIS in one of the crucial step of indole construction in the total synthesis of biologically active natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Alzahra University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Sahar Rohani
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Alzahra University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Alzahra University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Nazli Zahedi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Alzahra University
- Tehran
- Iran
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9
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Ito Y, Ueda M, Takeda N, Miyata O. tert-
Butyl Iodide Mediated Reductive Fischer Indolization of Conjugated Hydrazones. Chemistry 2016; 22:2616-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ito
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Okiko Miyata
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
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10
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Neuhaus JD, Willis MC. Homogeneous rhodium(i)-catalysis in de novo heterocycle syntheses. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4986-5000. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00835f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rh(i)-catalysed reactions often employ mild reaction conditions and offer excellent functional group tolerance, making them ideal transformations for the preparation of complex molecules. This review surveys examples of these synthetically useful transformations as applied to the synthesis of various heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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11
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Bondžić BP. Rh catalyzed multicomponent tandem and one-pot reactions under hydroformylation conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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13
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Matcha K, Antonchick AP. Cascade Multicomponent Synthesis of Indoles, Pyrazoles, and Pyridazinones by Functionalization of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11960-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Matcha K, Antonchick AP. Mehrkomponentenkaskade zur Synthese von Indolen, Pyrazolen und Pyridazinonen durch Funktionalisierung von Alkenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Almeida AR, Dias RD, Monteiro CJP, Abreu AR, Gois PMP, Bayon JC, Pereira MM. Rhodium-Catalysed Tandem Hydroformylation/Arylation Reaction with Boronic Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Maruoka H, Okabe F, Takasu M, Masumoto E, Fujioka T, Yamagata K. An Approach to the Synthesis of Novel Dihydroindoles Bearing Electron-Withdrawing Groups at C-2 Position. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Li X, He L, Chen H, Wu W, Jiang H. Copper-catalyzed aerobic C(sp2)-H functionalization for C-N bond formation: synthesis of pyrazoles and indazoles. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3636-46. [PMID: 23547954 DOI: 10.1021/jo400162d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, practical, and highly efficient synthesis of pyrazoles and indazoles via copper-catalyzed direct aerobic oxidative C(sp(2))-H amination has been reported herein. This process tolerated a variety of functional groups under mild conditions. Further diversification of pyrazoles was also investigated, which provided its potential for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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18
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Zhang J, Yin Z, Leonard P, Wu J, Sioson K, Liu C, Lapo R, Zheng S. A Variation of the Fischer Indolization Involving Condensation of Quinone Monoketals and Aliphatic Hydrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Zhang J, Yin Z, Leonard P, Wu J, Sioson K, Liu C, Lapo R, Zheng S. A Variation of the Fischer Indolization Involving Condensation of Quinone Monoketals and Aliphatic Hydrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1753-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Fuentes JA, Wawrzyniak P, Roff GJ, Bühl M, Clarke ML. On the rate-determining step and the ligand electronic effects in rhodium catalysed hydrogenation of enamines and the hydroaminomethylation of alkenes. Catal Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00026h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Zhang X, Cao B, Yu S, Zhang X. Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of N-allylamides: highly enantioselective approach to beta2-amino aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4047-50. [PMID: 20506436 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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23
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Zhang X, Cao B, Yu S, Zhang X. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation of N-Allylamides: Highly Enantioselective Approach to β2-Amino Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Farwick A, Helmchen G. Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Proline Derivatives from Allylamines via Domino Hydroformylation/Wittig Olefination and Aza-Michael Addition. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Subhani MA, Müller KS, Koç F, Eilbracht P. A new one-pot hydroformylation/Strecker synthesis as a versatile synthetic tool for polyfunctional compounds and functionalization of dendrimers. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4000-8. [PMID: 19763303 DOI: 10.1039/b907787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile and high yielding one-pot hydroformylation/Strecker synthesis is reported for the synthesis of various alpha-aminonitriles. This methodology allows functionalization of dendrimers (e.g. polyamines 4-7) and hyper branched polymers (e.g. polyallyl glycerol 12) to give corresponding dendritic structures with alpha-aminonitriles and/or amino acids in the outer shell in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal Subhani
- Universität Dortmund, Fachbereich Chemie, Organische Chemie I, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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26
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Jiang L, Lu X, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Ma D. CuI/4-Hydro-l-proline as a More Effective Catalytic System for Coupling of Aryl Bromides with N-Boc Hydrazine and Aqueous Ammonia. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4542-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9006738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yongwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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27
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Bidylo TI, Yurovskaya MA. Synthesis of tryptamines by the Fischer method using synthetic precursors and latent forms of amino-butanal (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-008-0057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Bondzic BP, Farwick A, Liebich J, Eilbracht P. Application of iridium catalyzed allylic substitution reactions in the synthesis of branched tryptamines and homologues via tandem hydroformylation-Fischer indole synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3723-31. [PMID: 18843402 DOI: 10.1039/b809143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combination of enantioselective allylation reactions with a tandem hydroformylation-Fischer indole synthesis sequence as a highly diversity-oriented strategy for the synthesis of tryptamines and homologues was explored. This modular approach allows the substituents at C3 of the indole core, the type of the amine moiety, and the distance of the amine moiety to the indole core in the final synthetic step to be defined. The starting materials required for the hydroformylation step were synthesized via iridium catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution reactions in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. The Rh catalyzed hydroformylation step in the presence of phenyl hydrazine, allows the in situ formed aldehyde to be trapped as the hydrazone. Subsequent acid catalyzed indolization furnishes the desired indole structures in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan P Bondzic
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fachbereich Chemie, Organische Chemie I, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund
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29
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Marchetti M, Paganelli S, Carboni D, Ulgheri F, Del Ponte G. Synthesis of indole derivatives by domino hydroformylation/indolization of 2-nitrocinnamaldehydes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2008.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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31
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Mihovilovic MD, Stanetty P. Metal-assisted multicomponent reactions involving carbon monoxide--towards heterocycle synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3612-5. [PMID: 17437310 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy R Humphrey
- Department of Process Research, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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33
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34
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Mihovilovic M, Stanetty P. Metallvermittelte Mehrkomponentenreaktionen mit Kohlenmonoxid – eine modulare Heterocyclensynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Schwarz N, Tillack A, Alex K, Sayyed IA, Jackstell R, Beller M. A novel palladium catalyst for the amination of electron-rich indole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Tomioka Y, Ohkubo K, Maruoka H. A novel synthesis of indole derivatives by the reaction ofN-arylhydroxamic acids with malononitrile. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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D'Souza DM, Müller TJJ. Multi-component syntheses of heterocycles by transition-metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1095-108. [PMID: 17576477 DOI: 10.1039/b608235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 841] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For a long time multi-component syntheses of heterocycles have undeniably been a domain of classical carbonyl condensation chemistry. However, the advent of transition-metal catalysis not only has fertilized strategies in heterocyclic synthesis by uni- and bimolecular transformations but the past decade has also witnessed a rapid development of transition-metal catalysis in new multi-component reactions (MCR). Expectedly, palladium catalyzed processes have received a dominant position, yet, other transition-metal complexes are catching up implying organometallic elementary steps that reach even further than cross-coupling and carbometallation. Besides domino MCRs that are purely based upon organometallic catalysis the sequential and consecutive combination with condensation, addition and cycloaddition steps opens a vast playground for the invention of new sequences in heterocyclic synthesis. This tutorial review outlines the underlying reaction based principles of transition-metal catalysis in multi-component syntheses of heterocycles, summarizes recent developments of palladium catalyzed MCR, and highlights the more recent contributions to MCR based heterocyclic synthesis by virtue of rhodium, ruthenium, and copper catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M D'Souza
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69121, Heidelberg, Germany
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38
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Kulkarni MG, Davawala SI, Dhondge AP, Gaikwad DD, Borhade AS, Chavhan SW. An efficient two-step synthesis of 3-allylindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Linnepe Née Köhling P, Schmidt AM, Eilbracht P. 2,3-Disubstituted indoles from olefins and hydrazinesvia tandem hydroformylation–Fischer indole synthesis and skeletal rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:302-13. [PMID: 16391773 DOI: 10.1039/b513364e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tandem hydroformylation-Fischer indolisation protocol is used in the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles. After hydroformylation of selected olefins to form alpha-branched aldehydes in a one-pot procedure these are condensed with phenylhydrazine to give hydrazones. Upon acid-promoted [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement indolenine intermediates with quaternary centres in the 3-position are formed, which, after selective Wagner-Meerwein-type rearrangement of one of the substituents from the 3- to the 2-position, lead to 2,3-disubstituted indoles. Several olefins, bearing substituents with various functional groups, as well as cyclic olefinic systems are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Linnepe Née Köhling
- Fachbereich Chemie, Organische Chemie I, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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