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Mukherjee T, Biswas S, Ehnbom A, Ghosh SK, El-Zoghbi I, Bhuvanesh N, Bazzi HS, Gladysz JA. Syntheses, structures, and stabilities of aliphatic and aromatic fluorous iodine(I) and iodine(III) compounds: the role of iodine Lewis basicity. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2486-2501. [PMID: 29234476 PMCID: PMC5704765 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The title molecules are sought in connection with various synthetic applications. The aliphatic fluorous alcohols Rfn CH2OH (Rfn = CF3(CF2) n-1; n = 11, 13, 15) are converted to the triflates Rfn CH2OTf (Tf2O, pyridine; 22-61%) and then to Rfn CH2I (NaI, acetone; 58-69%). Subsequent reactions with NaOCl/HCl give iodine(III) dichlorides Rfn CH2ICl2 (n = 11, 13; 33-81%), which slowly evolve Cl2. The ethereal fluorous alcohols CF3CF2CF2O(CF(CF3)CF2O) x CF(CF3)CH2OH (x = 2-5) are similarly converted to triflates and then to iodides, but efforts to generate the corresponding dichlorides fail. Substrates lacking a methylene group, Rfn I, are also inert, but additions of TMSCl to bis(trifluoroacetates) Rfn I(OCOCF3)2 appear to generate Rfn ICl2, which rapidly evolve Cl2. The aromatic fluorous iodides 1,3-Rf6C6H4I, 1,4-Rf6C6H4I, and 1,3-Rf10C6H4I are prepared from the corresponding diiodides, copper, and Rfn I (110-130 °C, 50-60%), and afford quite stable Rfn C6H4ICl2 species upon reaction with NaOCl/HCl (80-89%). Iodinations of 1,3-(Rf6)2C6H4 and 1,3-(Rf8CH2CH2)2C6H4 (NIS or I2/H5IO6) give 1,3,5-(Rf6)2C6H3I and 1,2,4-(Rf8CH2CH2)2C6H3I (77-93%). The former, the crystal structure of which is determined, reacts with Cl2 to give a 75:25 ArICl2/ArI mixture, but partial Cl2 evolution occurs upon work-up. The latter gives the easily isolated dichloride 1,2,4-(Rf8CH2CH2)2C6H3ICl2 (89%). The relative thermodynamic ease of dichlorination of these and other iodine(I) compounds is probed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Soumik Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Subrata K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Ibrahim El-Zoghbi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Hassan S Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
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Abstract
The preparation, structure, and chemistry of hypervalent iodine compounds are reviewed with emphasis on their synthetic application. Compounds of iodine possess reactivity similar to that of transition metals, but have the advantage of environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of natural resources. These compounds are widely used in organic synthesis as selective oxidants and environmentally friendly reagents. Synthetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in halogenation reactions, various oxidations, rearrangements, aminations, C-C bond-forming reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions are summarized and discussed. Recent discovery of hypervalent catalytic systems and recyclable reagents, and the development of new enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. One of the goals of this Review is to attract the attention of the scientific community as to the benefits of using hypervalent iodine compounds as an environmentally sustainable alternative to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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Hussain MK, Ansari MI, Yadav N, Gupta PK, Gupta AK, Saxena R, Fatima I, Manohar M, Kushwaha P, Khedgikar V, Gautam J, Kant R, Maulik PR, Trivedi R, Dwivedi A, Kumar KR, Saxena AK, Hajela K. Design and synthesis of ERα/ERβ selective coumarin and chromene derivatives as potential anti-breast cancer and anti-osteoporotic agents. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45749d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Zagulyaeva AA, Yusubov MS, Zhdankin VV. A general and convenient preparation of [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]perfluoroalkanes and [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]arenes by oxidation of organic iodides using oxone and trifluoroacetic acid. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2119-22. [PMID: 20163086 DOI: 10.1021/jo902733f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]perfluoroalkanes C(n)F(2n+1)I(OCOCF(3))(2) (n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) can be conveniently prepared by the oxidation of the corresponding perfluoroalkyl iodides with Oxone in trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature and subsequently converted to the stable [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]perfluoroalkanes, C(n)F(2n+1)I(OH)OTs, by treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid. This general and convenient procedure has been further extended to the synthesis of various [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]arenes, ArI(OCOCF(3))(2).
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Podgoršek A, Jurisch M, Stavber S, Zupan M, Iskra J, Gladysz JA. Synthesis and Reactivity of Fluorous and Nonfluorous Aryl and Alkyl Iodine(III) Dichlorides: New Chlorinating Reagents that are Easily Recycled using Biphasic Protocols. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3133-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Podgoršek
- Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - Markus Jurisch
- Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - Stojan Stavber
- Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - Marko Zupan
- Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - Jernej Iskra
- Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
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Lin AS, Nakagawa-Goto K, Chang FR, Yu D, Morris-Natschke SL, Wu CC, Chen SL, Wu YC, Lee KH. First total synthesis of protoapigenone and its analogues as potent cytotoxic agents. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3921-7. [PMID: 17622129 PMCID: PMC2587018 DOI: 10.1021/jm070363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protoapigenone (1), isolated from Thelypteris torresiana, previously showed significant cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines. In a continued structure-activity relationship study, the first total synthesis and modification of 1 were achieved. All synthesized compounds and related intermediates were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, HepG2, Hep3B, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and A549. Among them, 24 showed 2.2-14.2-fold greater cytotoxicity than 1 and naphthyl A-ring analogues remarkably enhanced the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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