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Coscarella M, Nardi M, Alipieva K, Bonacci S, Popova M, Procopio A, Scarpelli R, Simeonov S. Alternative Assisted Extraction Methods of Phenolic Compounds Using NaDESs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:62. [PMID: 38247486 PMCID: PMC10812405 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A renewed understanding of eco-friendly principles is moving the industrial sector toward a shift in the utilization of less harmful solvents as a main strategy to improve manufacturing. Green analytical chemistry (GAC) has definitely paved the way for this transition by presenting green solvents to a larger audience. Among the most promising, surely DESs (deep eutectic solvents), NaDESs (natural deep eutectic solvents), HDESs (hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents), and HNaDESs (hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents), with their unique features, manifest a wide-range of applications, including their use as a means for the extraction of small bioactive compounds. In examining recent advancements, in this review, we want to focus our attention on some of the most interesting and novel 'solvent-free' extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in relation to the possibility of better exploiting DESs and NaDESs as plausible extracting solvents of the phenolic compounds (PCs) present in different matrices from olive oil components, such as virgin olive pomace, olive leaves and twigs, virgin and extra virgin olive oil (VOO and EVOO, respectively), and olive cake and olive mill wastewaters (OMWW). Therefore, the status of DESs and NaDESs is shown in terms of their nature, efficacy and selectivity in the extraction of bioactive phytochemicals such as secoiridoids, lignans, phenolic acids and alcohols. Related studies on experimental design and processes' optimization of the most promising DESs/NaDESs are also reviewed. In this framework, an extensive list of relevant works found in the literature is described to consider DESs/NaDESs as a suitable alternative to petrochemicals in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, or food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Coscarella
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Kalina Alipieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Milena Popova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosa Scarpelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Svilen Simeonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
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Luo T, Xu TT, Guo YF, Dong H. SnCl 4 Promoted Efficient Cleavage of Acetal/Ketal Groups with the Assistance of Water in CH 2Cl 2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238258. [PMID: 36500346 PMCID: PMC9736348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetalization and deacetalation are a pair of routine manipulations to protect and deprotect the 4- and 6-hydroxyl groups of glycosides in the synthesis of glycosyl building blocks. In this study, we found that treatment of SnCl4 with various carbohydrates containing acetal/ketal groups with the assistance of water in CH2Cl2 led to deacetalization/deketalization products in almost quantitative yields. In addition, for substrates containing both acetal/ketal and p-methoxylbenzyl groups, we also found that the p-methoxylbenzyl group was selectively cleaved by the use of a catalytic amount of SnCl4, while the acetal/ketal groups remained. Furthermore, based on this, 4,6-benzylidene glycosides can be conveniently converted to 4,6-OAc or 4-OH, 6-OAc glycosides.
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Abstract
Fluorinated carbohydrates have found many applications in the glycosciences. Typically, these contain fluorination at a single position. There are not many applications involving polyfluorinated carbohydrates, here defined as monosaccharides in which more than one carbon has at least one fluorine substituent directly attached to it, with the notable exception of their use as mechanism-based inhibitors. The increasing attention to carbohydrate physical properties, especially around lipophilicity, has resulted in a surge of interest for this class of compounds. This review covers the considerable body of work toward the synthesis of polyfluorinated hexoses, pentoses, ketosugars, and aminosugars including sialic acids and nucleosides. An overview of the current state of the art of their glycosidation is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kler Huonnic
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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4
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The Highly Efficient Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles Using Microwave Irradiation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051751. [PMID: 35268852 PMCID: PMC8911685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzimidazole ring of the heterocyclic pharmacophores is one of the most widespread and studied systems in nature. The benzimidazole derivative synthesis study is a crucial point for the development of a clinically available benzimidazole-based drug. Here, we report a simple microwave assisted method for the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. The combination of the molar ratio of N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine:benzaldehyde (1:1) using microwave irradiation and only 1% mol of Er(OTf)3 provides an efficient and environmental mild access to a diversity of benzimidazoles under solvent-free conditions. The proposed method allows for the obtainment of the desired products in a short time and with very high selectivity.
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Montmorillonite K10: An Efficient Organo-Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of toxic solvents, high energy consumption, the production of waste and the application of traditional processes that do not follow the principles of green chemistry are problems for the pharmaceutical industry. The organic synthesis of chemical structures that represent the starting point for obtaining active pharmacological compounds, such as benzimidazole derivatives, has become a focal point in chemistry. Benzimidazole derivatives have found very strong applications in medicine. Their synthesis is often based on methods that are not convenient and not very respectful of the environment. A simple montmorillonite K10 (MK10) catalyzed method for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives has been developed. The use of MK10 for heterogeneous catalysis provides various advantages: the reaction yields are decidedly high, the work-up procedures of the reaction are easy and suitable, there is an increase in selectivity and the possibility of recycling the catalyst without waste formation is demonstrated. The reactions were carried out in solvent-free conditions and in a short reaction time using inexpensive and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalysis. It has been shown that the reaction process is applicable in the industrial field.
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Abstract
Sinomenine is a naturally occurring alkaloid and commonly used as one of the bioactive drug components in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment in the clinic. Varying supported palladium-based catalysts have been synthesized and examined as heterogeneous catalysts for catalytic extraction of sinomenine from Sinomenium acutum. Among various examined supported catalysts, Pd–Ce/ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8) demonstrates promising catalytic activity in the extraction reaction with an improved yield of 2.15% under optimized conditions. The catalyst composite can be recovered by centrifuging, and reused. A total of three catalyst recycling processes were performed with constant activity. The catalyst Pd–Ce/ZIF-8 has a particle size range of 2–12 nm and a total Pd–Ce loading amount of 5.1 wt% (ZIF-8).
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Olivito F, Costanzo P, Di Gioia ML, Nardi M, M O, Procopio A. Efficient synthesis of organic thioacetates in water. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7753-7759. [PMID: 30299446 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thioacetates as precursors of thiols are interesting starting points for synthesizing other organosulfur compounds. Herein, we propose a simple, efficient and fast method to obtain organic thioacetates using water as a solvent. Taking into account the great attention that has been paid toward environmentally friendly synthetic procedures in the past decades, we prove the role and the strength of the thioacetate anion as a nucleophile for nucleophilic displacement reactions in an aqueous medium. The reactions were carried out under pH control, to prevent the decomposition of the mesylate starting materials, using potassium carbonate as a safe and mild base. A simple work up allows products to be obtained with excellent yield and acceptable purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Olivito
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, Germaneto, CZ, Italy. and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 12C, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - P Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, Germaneto, CZ, Italy.
| | - M L Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - M Nardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 12C, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy and Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Telematica San Raffaele, Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Italy
| | - Oliverio M
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, Germaneto, CZ, Italy.
| | - A Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, Germaneto, CZ, Italy.
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8
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Nardi M, Bonacci S, Cariati L, Costanzo P, Oliverio M, Sindona G, Procopio A. Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of lipophilic oleuropein aglycone derivatives. Food Funct 2018; 8:4684-4692. [PMID: 29160876 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oleuropein is the most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars, but it is scarcely present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) due to its high hydrophilicity and degradability. Thus, a set of oleuropein aglycone derivatives were synthesized by transacetylation under mild conditions with the aim of circumventing these drawbacks and making the active moiety in oleuropein suitable to be added to food fats. The oleuropein aglycone (closed ring form) is obtained by hydrolyzing oleuropein using Lewis acid catalysis. Then, the permeation profiles as well as the antioxidant capacity of the oleuropein aglycone derivatives were evaluated by ORAC, DPPH assays and by ROS formation using the SH-SY5Y cell line. The biological activities of the obtained compounds exhibited a dependence on their level of lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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9
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Ramesh V, Shanmugam S, Devi NS. Er(OTf)3-Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran via Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction under Ambient Temperature. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vediyappan Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry; Arul Anandar College (Autonomous); Madurai - 625 514 India
- Department of Organic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai - 625 021 India
| | - Sivakumar Shanmugam
- Department of Organic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai - 625 021 India
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10
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Erbium Salts as Non-Toxic Catalysts Compatible with Alternative Reaction Media. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Liu Y, Zeng J, Sun J, Cai L, Zhao Y, Fang J, Hu B, Shu P, Meng L, Wan Q. 1,4-Dithiothreitol mediated cleavage of the acetal and ketal type of diol protecting groups. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An efficient deprotection of the ketal and acetal type protecting groups has been achieved with Brønsted acid as a catalyst and 1,4-dithiothreitol as a ketal or acetal exchange reagent.
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12
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Seepersaud M, Seecharan S, Lalgee LJ, Jalsa NK. Ceric ammonium nitrate/acetic anhydride: A tunable system for the O-acetylation and mononitration of diversely protected carbohydrates. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1230219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohindra Seepersaud
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Savita Seecharan
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Lorale J. Lalgee
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nigel Kevin Jalsa
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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13
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Hu Y, Tu YH, Liu DY, Liao JX, Sun JS. Synthetic investigation toward apigenin 5-O-glycoside camellianin B as well as the chemical structure revision. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4842-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00655h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the proposed and authentic structures of camellianin B were achieved, based on which the chemical structures of camellianins A and B were revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- China
| | - Yuan-Hong Tu
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- China
| | - De-Yong Liu
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- China
| | - Jin-Xi Liao
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- China
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- China
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14
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Zhen M, Peng Y. N,N-Dicarboxymethyl hydrazine: an old but neglected reagent for chemoselective derivatization of carbonyl compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3443-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00189k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dicarboxymethyl hydrazine was found to be a chemoselective derivatization reagent of carbonyl compounds with potential applications in organic synthesis and isolation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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15
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Traboni S, Bedini E, Giordano M, Iadonisi A. Three Solvent-Free Catalytic Approaches to the Acetal Functionalization of Carbohydrates and Their Applicability to One-Pot Generation of Orthogonally Protected Building Blocks. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Biomimetic synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA [2-(3,4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl (3S,4E)-4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)hex-4-enoate]. Food Chem 2014; 162:89-93. [PMID: 24874361 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds present in extra virgin olive oil have attracted considerable recent attention. Many of them, show specific anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. In this work we describe the biomimetic synthesis of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA [2-(3,4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl (3S,4E)-4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)hex-4-enoate], starting from natural demethyloleuropein present in olive tissues. A comparison between 3,4-DHPEA-EDA (6) and oleuropein (1), oleuropein aglycone (4) and hydroxytyrosol ORACFL values was undertaken.
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17
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Juliá-Hernández F, Arcas A, Vicente J. Pd(II)-catalyzed deprotection of acetals and ketals containing acid sensitive functional groups. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Procopio A, Costanzo P, Dalpozzo R, Maiuolo L, Nardi M, Oliverio M. Efficient ring opening of epoxides with trimethylsilyl azide and cyanide catalyzed by erbium(III) triflate. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Kumar PS, Kumar GDK, Baskaran S. Truly Catalytic and Chemoselective Cleavage of Benzylidene Acetal with Phosphomolybdic Acid Supported on Silica Gel. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Procopio A, Gaspari M, Nardi M, Oliverio M, Romeo R. MW-assisted Er(OTf)3-catalyzed mild cleavage of isopropylidene acetals in Tricky substrates. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Procopio A, Gaspari M, Nardi M, Oliverio M, Rosati O. Highly efficient and versatile chemoselective addition of amines to epoxides in water catalyzed by erbium(III) triflate. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Procopio A, Das G, Nardi M, Oliverio M, Pasqua L. A mesoporous ErIII-MCM-41 catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and ketones under solvent-free conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2008; 1:916-919. [PMID: 18980238 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200800183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Procopio
- Università degli Studi della Magna Graecia, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Italy.
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Procopio A, Gaspari M, Nardi M, Oliverio M, Tagarelli A, Sindona G. Simple and efficient MW-assisted cleavage of acetals and ketals in pure water. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Procopio A, Dalpozzo R, De Nino A, Maiuolo L, Nardi M, Oliverio M, Russo B. A facile Er(OTf)3-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated O- and S-glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2125-31. [PMID: 17583684 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Er(OTf)(3) is a useful catalyst for the Ferrier rearrangement furnishing high yields of O- and S-glycosides. The transformation has wide applicability, cleaner reaction profiles, mild reaction conditions, and high stereoselectivity and the catalyst, which is also commercially available, can be recovered and reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento Farmacobioiologiche, Università degli Studi della Magna Graecia Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia (CZ), Italy.
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