1
|
Iitani K, Nakaya M, Tomono T, Toma K, Arakawa T, Tsuchido Y, Mitsubayashi K, Takeda N. Enzyme-embedded electrospun fiber sensor of hydrophilic polymer for fluorometric ethanol gas imaging in vapor phase. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 213:114453. [PMID: 35728364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from living organisms is a powerful technique for diagnosing health conditions or diseases in humans. Bio-based gas sensors are suitable for the sensitive and selective measurement of a target VOC from a complex mixture of VOCs. Conventional bio-based sensors are normally prepared as wet-type probes to maintain proteins such as enzymes in a stable state, resulting in limitations in the commercialization of sensors, their operating environment, and performance. In this study, we present an enzyme-based fluorometric electrospun fiber sensor (eFES) mesh as a gas-phase biosensor in dry form. The eFES mesh targeting ethanol was fabricated by simple one-step electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol with an alcohol dehydrogenase and an oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The enzyme embedded in the eFES mesh worked actively in a dry state without pretreatment. Substrate specificity was also maintained, and the sensor responded well to ethanol with a sufficient dynamic range. Adjustment of the pH and coenzyme quantity in the eFES mesh also affected enzyme activity. The dry-form biosensor-eFES mesh-will open a new direction for gas-phase biosensors because of its remarkable performance and simple fabrication, which is advantageous for commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iitani
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan; Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Misa Nakaya
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Tsubomi Tomono
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Koji Toma
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arakawa
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsuchido
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kohji Mitsubayashi
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Naoya Takeda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Forbes TP, Lawrence J, Verkouteren JR, Verkouteren RM. Discriminative potential of ion mobility spectrometry for the detection of fentanyl and fentanyl analogues relative to confounding environmental interferents. Analyst 2019; 144:6391-6403. [PMID: 31579898 PMCID: PMC7008973 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01771b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The opioid crisis and emergence of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, and other synthetic opioids has highlighted the need for sensitive and robust detection for interdiction at screening points, notably vehicles at border crossings and packages at postal facilities. This work investigates the discriminative potential, sensitivity and specificity, of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for the detection of fentanyl and fifteen (15) fentanyl-related compounds (analogues, other opioids, and metabolites) relative to confounding environmental interferents. The environmental background interferent levels, frequency and intensity, were derived from over 10 000 screening samples collected from delivery vehicles entering a federal site. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve methodology was employed to quantify the relationship between sensitivity and specificity for these target compounds on two instruments/configurations. These instrument configurations differed in desorption and drift tube temperatures, reactant ion dopant chemistry, and analysis time. This work identified reduced mobility areas of high interference that resulted in increased false positive rates (FPR), effectively reducing sensitivity (true positive rate: TPR) in those regions. Except for a few target compounds on either of the instruments that exhibited elevated FPRs, detection of fentanyl and fentanyl-related species was achieved at single to tens of nanograms with ≥90% TPR and ≤2% FPR. This work established the importance of systematic environmental background characterization at each specific screening setting in evaluating a platform's true performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kruth C, Czech H, Sklorz M, Passig J, Ehlert S, Cappiello A, Zimmermann R. Direct Infusion Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Liquid Samples under Vacuum Conditions. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10917-10923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kruth
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics” (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München−German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Passig
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics” (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München−German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Ehlert
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Photonion GmbH, Hagenower Strasse
73, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Achille Cappiello
- DiSPA,
LC-MS Laboratory, University of Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics” (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München−German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Forbes TP, Najarro M. Ion mobility spectrometry nuisance alarm threshold analysis for illicit narcotics based on environmental background and a ROC-curve approach. Analyst 2016; 141:4438-46. [PMID: 27206280 PMCID: PMC5054301 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00844e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discriminative potential of an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) for trace detection of illicit narcotics relative to environmental background was investigated with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve framework. The IMS response of cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and Δ(9)-tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC) was evaluated against environmental background levels derived from the screening of incoming delivery vehicles at a federal facility. Over 20 000 samples were collected over a multiyear period under two distinct sets of instrument operating conditions, a baseline mode and an increased desorption/drift tube temperature and sampling time mode. ROC curves provided a quantifiable representation of the interplay between sensitivity (true positive rate, TPR) and specificity (1 - false positive rate, FPR). A TPR of 90% and minimized FPR were targeted as the detection limits of IMS for the selected narcotics. MDMA, THC, and cocaine demonstrated single nanogram sensitivity at 90% TPR and <10% FPR, with improvements to both MDMA and cocaine in the elevated temperature/increased sampling mode. Detection limits in the tens of nanograms with poor specificity (FPR ≈ 20%) were observed for methamphetamine and heroin under baseline conditions. However, elevating the temperature reduced the background in the methamphetamine window, drastically improving its response (90% TPR and 3.8% FPR at 1 ng). On the contrary, the altered mode conditions increased the level of background for THC and heroin, partially offsetting observed enhancements to desorption. The presented framework demonstrated the significant effect environmental background distributions have on sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Emamipour H, Johnsen DL, Rood MJ, Jain M, Skandan G. Novel activated carbon fiber cloth filter with functionalized silica nanoparticles for adsorption of toxic industrial chemicals. ADSORPTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-015-9668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Le Quéré JL, Gierczynski I, Sémon E. An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-ion-trap mass spectrometer for the on-line analysis of volatile compounds in foods: a tool for linking aroma release to aroma perception. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:918-928. [PMID: 25230189 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion-trap mass spectrometer was set up for the on-line analysis of aroma compounds. This instrument, which has been successfully employed for some years in several in vitro and in vivo flavour release studies, is described for the first time in detail. The ion source was fashioned from polyether ether ketone and operated at ambient pressure and temperature making use of a discharge corona pin facing coaxially the capillary ion entrance of the ion-trap mass spectrometer. Linear dynamic ranges (LDR), limits of detection (LOD) and other analytical characteristics have been re-evaluated. LDRs and LODs have been found fully compatible with the concentrations of aroma compounds commonly found in foods. Thus, detection limits have been found in the low ppt range for common flavouring aroma compounds (for example 5.3 ppt (0.82 ppbV) for ethyl hexanoate and 4.8 ppt (1.0 ppbV) for 2,5-dimethylpyrazine). This makes the instrument applicable for in vitro and in vivo aroma release investigations. The use of dynamic sensory techniques such as the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method conducted simultaneously with in vivo aroma release measurements allowed to get some new insights in the link between flavour release and flavour perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Le Quéré
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), F-21000, Dijon, France; INRA, UMR1324 CSGA, F-21000, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, UMR CSGA, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kudryavtsev AS, Makas AL, Troshkov ML, Grachev MА, Pod’yachev SP. The method for on-site determination of trace concentrations of methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide in air using a mobile mass spectrometer with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, combined with a fast enrichment/separation system. Talanta 2014; 123:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Tumlin M, Harris, SR, Buchanan, H, Schmidt, K, Johnson, K. Collectivism vs. Individualism in a Wiki World: Librarians Respond to Jaron Lanier's Essay “Digital Maoism: The Hazards of the New Online Collectivism”. SERIALS REVIEW 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00987913.2007.10765092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
9
|
Application of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves for Explosives Detection Using Different Sampling and Detection Techniques. SENSORS 2013. [PMCID: PMC3892809 DOI: 10.3390/s131216867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reported for the first time are receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves constructed to describe the performance of a sorbent-coated disk, planar solid phase microextraction (PSPME) unit for non-contact sampling of a variety of volatiles. The PSPME is coupled to ion mobility spectrometers (IMSs) for the detection of volatile chemical markers associated with the presence of smokeless powders, model systems of explosives containing diphenylamine (DPA), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and nitroglycerin (NG) as the target analytes. The performance of the PSPME-IMS was compared with the widely accepted solid-phase microextraction (SPME), coupled to a GC-MS. A set of optimized sampling conditions for different volume containers (1–45 L) with various sample amounts of explosives, were studied in replicates (n = 30) to determine the true positive rates (TPR) and false positive detection rates (FPR) for the different scenarios. These studies were obtained in order to construct the ROC curves for two IMS instruments (a bench-top and field-portable system) and a bench top GC-MS system in low and high clutter environments. Both static and dynamic PSPME sampling were studied in which 10–500 mg quantities of smokeless powders were detected within 10 min of static sampling and 1 min of dynamic sampling.
Collapse
|
10
|
Graichen AM, Vachet RW. Using metal complex ion-molecule reactions in a miniature rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer to detect chemical warfare agents. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:917-925. [PMID: 23532782 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase reactions of a series of coordinatively unsaturated [Ni(L)n](y+) complexes, where L is a nitrogen-containing ligand, with chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants in a miniature rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer were investigated as part of a new approach to detect CWAs. Results show that upon entering the vacuum system via a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane introduction, low concentrations of several CWA simulants, including dipropyl sulfide (simulant for mustard gas), acetonitrile (simulant for the nerve agent tabun), and diethyl phosphite (simulant for nerve agents sarin, soman, tabun, and VX), can react with metal complex ions generated by electrospray ionization (ESI), thereby providing a sensitive means of detecting these compounds. The [Ni(L)n](2+) complexes are found to be particularly reactive with the simulants of mustard gas and tabun, allowing their detection at low parts-per-billion (ppb) levels. These detection limits are well below reported exposure limits for these CWAs, which indicates the applicability of this new approach, and are about two orders of magnitude lower than electron ionization detection limits on the same mass spectrometer. The use of coordinatively unsaturated metal complexes as reagent ions offers the possibility of further tuning the ion-molecule chemistry so that desired compounds can be detected selectively or at even lower concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Graichen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Martinez HP, Grant CD, Reynolds JG, Trogler WC. Silica anchored fluorescent organosilicon polymers for explosives separation and detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15214b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
12
|
Trogler WC. Chemical Sensing with Semiconducting Metal Phthalocyanines. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2011_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
|
13
|
Huang G, Li G, Ducan J, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Synchronized Inductive Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
14
|
Huang G, Li G, Ducan J, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Synchronized inductive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2503-6. [PMID: 21370325 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Harris GA, Kwasnik M, Fernández FM. Direct Analysis in Real Time Coupled to Multiplexed Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Detecting Toxic Chemicals. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1908-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A. Harris
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mark Kwasnik
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Smith JN, Keil AD, Noll RJ, Cooks RG. Ion/molecule reactions for detecting ammonia using miniature cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometers. Analyst 2011; 136:120-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Smith JN, Keil A, Likens J, Noll RJ, Cooks RG. Facility monitoring of toxic industrial compounds in air using an automated, fieldable, miniature mass spectrometer. Analyst 2010; 135:994-1003. [DOI: 10.1039/b921162d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Huang G, Gao L, Duncan J, Harper JD, Sanders NL, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Direct detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at trace levels in ambient air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using a handheld mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:132-135. [PMID: 19879158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The capabilities of a portable mass spectrometer for real-time monitoring of trace levels of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene in air are illustrated. An atmospheric pressure interface was built to implement atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for direct analysis of gas-phase samples on a previously described miniature mass spectrometer (Gao et al. Anal. Chem.2006, 78, 5994-6002). Linear dynamic ranges, limits of detection and other analytical figures of merit were evaluated: for benzene, a limit of detection of 0.2 parts-per-billion was achieved for air samples without any sample preconcentration. The corresponding limits of detection for toluene and ethylbenzene were 0.5 parts-per-billion and 0.7 parts-per-billion, respectively. These detection limits are well below the compounds' permissible exposure levels, even in the presence of added complex mixtures of organics at levels exceeding the parts-per-million level. The linear dynamic ranges of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene are limited to approximately two orders of magnitude by saturation of the detection electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sanders NL, Sokol E, Perry RH, Huang G, Noll RJ, Duncan JS, Cooks RG. Hand-held mass spectrometer for environmentally relevant analytes using a variety of sampling and ionization methods. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2010; 16:11-20. [PMID: 20065521 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed hand-held, rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer, capable of performing in situ analysis, has been evaluated for a variety of environmentally relevant analytes. Different sampling and ionization methods were implemented, demonstrating the considerable versatility of this instrument. A discontinuous (viz. pulsed) atmospheric pressure inlet (DAPI) was used to introduce externally-generated analyte ions. Nitro compounds were ionized by electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI) yielding the protonated and sodiated forms of the molecular ion, as well as fragment ions. The amines 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, triethylamine and 2,6-diphenylpyridine showed low parts per billion (ppb) detection limits. Vapor phase external ionization was used to examine the chemical warfare simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate and the insect repellant N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide. Membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) was used as the introduction system for hydrophobic analytes using a selectively permeable (polydimethylsiloxane) membrane placed within the vacuum manifold with subsequent ionization of the thermally desorbed neutral compounds inside the ion trap. MIMS allowed the quantitation of trace levels (a few ppb) of fluorinated compounds in the vapor phase. MIMS was also applied to the quantitation of aqueous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) with limits of detection again in the low ppb range for naphthalene, acenaphthene, anthracene and phenanthrene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pohanka M, Dobes P, Drtinova L, Kuča K. Nerve Agents Assay Using Cholinesterase Based Biosensor. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
21
|
Fair JD, Bailey WF, Felty RA, Gifford AE, Shultes B, Volles LH. Method for rapid on-site identification of VOCs. J Environ Sci (China) 2009; 21:1005-1008. [PMID: 19862970 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid on-site identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air is an important first step in remediation efforts. This study describes modification of a commercially available, portable GC/MS system and development of an analysis protocol for rapid (< 3 min) sampling and identification of VOCs typically found at contaminated sites at the low ppbv level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Fair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Keil A, Hernandez-Soto H, Noll RJ, Fico M, Gao L, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Monitoring of Toxic Compounds in Air Using a Handheld Rectilinear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2008; 80:734-41. [PMID: 18181580 DOI: 10.1021/ac070906o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Keil
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - Robert J. Noll
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Miriam Fico
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Liang Gao
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen H, Zheng J, Zhang X, Luo M, Wang Z, Qiao X. Surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for direct ambient sample analysis without toxic chemical contamination. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:1045-56. [PMID: 17605144 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry, pioneered with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) technique, is of increasing interest in recent years. In this study, a corona discharge ionization source is adapted for direct surface desorption chemical ionization of compounds on various surfaces at atmospheric pressure. Ambient air, with about 60% relative humidity, is used as a reagent to generate primary ions such as H(3)O(+), which is then directed to impact the sample surface for desorption and ionization. Under experimental conditions, protonated or deprotonated molecules of analytes present on various samples are observed using positive or negative corona discharge. Fast detection of trace amounts of analytes present in pharmaceutical preparations, viz foods, skins and clothes has been demonstrated without any sample pretreatment. Taking the advantage of the gasless setup, powder samples such as amino acids and mixtures of pharmaceutical preparations are rapidly analyzed. Impurities such as sudan dyes in tomato sauce are detected semiquantitatively. Molecular markers (e.g. putrescine) for meat spoilage are successfully identified from an artificially spoiled fish sample. Chemical warfare agent stimulants, explosives and herbicides are directly detected from the skin samples and clothing exposed to these compounds. This provides a detection limit of sub-pg (S/N > or = 3) range in MS2. Metabolites and consumed chemicals such as glucose are detected successfully from human skins. Conclusively, surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (DAPCI) mass spectrometry, without toxic chemical contamination, detects various compounds in complex matrices, showing promising applications for analyses of human related samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanwen Chen
- Applied Chemistry Department, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martin AN, Farquar GR, Frank M, Gard EE, Fergenson DP. Single-Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry for the Detection and Identification of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6368-75. [PMID: 17630721 DOI: 10.1021/ac070704s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) was used for the real-time detection of liquid nerve agent simulants. A total of 1000 dual-polarity time-of-flight mass spectra were obtained for micrometer-sized single particles each of dimethyl methyl phosphonate, diethyl ethyl phosphonate, diethyl phosphoramidate, and diethyl phthalate using laser fluences between 0.58 and 7.83 nJ/microm2, and mass spectral variation with laser fluence was studied. The mass spectra obtained allowed identification of single particles of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants at each laser fluence used although lower laser fluences allowed more facile identification. SPAMS is presented as a promising real-time detection system for the presence of CWAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey N Martin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fraga CG, Melville AM, Wright BW. ROC-curve approach for determining the detection limit of a field chemical sensor. Analyst 2007; 132:230-6. [PMID: 17325756 DOI: 10.1039/b607843e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection limit of a field chemical sensor under realistic operating conditions is determined by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The chemical sensor is an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) device used to detect a chemical marker in diesel fuel. The detection limit is the lowest concentration of the marker in diesel fuel that obtains the desired true-positive probability (TPP) and false-positive probability (FPP). A TPP of 0.90 and a FPP of 0.10 were selected as acceptable levels for the field sensor in this study. The detection limit under realistic operating conditions is found to be between 2 to 4 ppm (w/w). The upper value is the detection limit under challenging conditions. The ROC-based detection limit is very reliable because it is determined from multiple and repetitive sensor analyses under realistic circumstances. ROC curves also clearly illustrate and gauge the effects data preprocessing and sampling environments have on the sensor's detection limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Fraga
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1654-1665. [PMID: 17136768 DOI: 10.1002/jms.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|