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Wang Z, Hao Y, Shen J, Li B, Chuan H, Xie P, Liu Y. Visualization of microcystin-LR and sulfides in plateau lakes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132771. [PMID: 37839378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In eutrophic water bodies, sulfides are closely related to the growth of cyanobacteria and the production of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). To date, the underlying interaction mechanism between a sulfides and MC-LR remains controversial. Thus, visually presenting the distribution characteristics of sulfides and MC-LR in contaminated water is crucial. Here, we propose a novel and expeditious practical approach, utilizing fluorescence probe technology, to assess the distribution characteristics of MC-LR and sulfur in natural lakes. We have developed novel probes, pib2, to detect HSO3- and HS-, and pib18, to simultaneously identify MC-LR and sulfides. Through correlation analysis of fluorescence data and physicochemical indicators at sampling points, it is found that fluorescence data has good correlation with sulfides and MC-LR, and speculated that pib2 and pib18 may be able to detect sulfides and MC-LR in lakes. Using this method, we rapidly obtained the distribution of MC-LR and sulfur in Qilu and Erhai Lakes. Notably, for the first time, we rapidly displayed the distributions of sulfides and MC-LR across lakes by the fluorescent probe technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Wang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yu Hao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jianping Shen
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Huiyan Chuan
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ping Xie
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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2
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An Automated Hydrodynamically Mediated Technique for Preparation of Calibration Solutions via Capillary Electrophoresis System as a Promising Alternative to Manual Pipetting. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206268. [PMID: 34684849 PMCID: PMC8540481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a novel procedure for preparing calibration solutions for capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based quantitative analysis is proposed. Our approach, named the automated hydrodynamically mediated technique (AHMT), uses a capillary and a pressure system to deliver the expected amount of working solution and diluent directly to a sample vial. As a result, calibration solutions are prepared automatically inside the CE instrument, without any or with minimal manual operation. Two different modes were tested: forward and reverse, differing in the direction of hydrodynamic flow. The calibration curves obtained for a model mixture of analytes using AHMT were thorough compared to the standard procedure based on manual pipetting. The results were consistent, though the volume of obtained calibration solutions and the potential risk of random errors were significantly minimized by AHMT. Its effectiveness was further enhanced by the application of SCIEX® nanoVials, reducing the actual volume of calibration solutions down to 10 μL.
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3
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Fernández Feito R, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ, Premier GC. A new sequential injection analysis-capillary electrophoresis system with amperometric detection. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1754-1762. [PMID: 29704250 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel and fully automated sequential injection analysis manifold coupled to a capillary electrophoresis apparatus with amperometric detection, is described. The sequential injection manifold was isolated from the high voltage by inserting an air plug into the circuit. Small buffer reservoirs were used to avoid the need to pump fresh buffer to the interface during the electrophoretic separation. No decoupling device was used to mitigate the interference from the high voltage electric field, instead the potential shift induced by the separation voltage, was accounted for. The new hydrodynamic injection method presented is based on the overpressure created in the circuit when a pinch valve is closed for a predetermined time. The injection method yields RSD values of peak height and area below 2.55 and 1.82%, respectively, at different durations of valve closure (n = 5). The capillary and working electrode alignment was achieved by adapting a commercial available capillary union. When the electrode was replaced, the alignment method proved to be very reliable, yielding RSD values of peak height and area lower than 2.64 and 2.08%, respectively (n = 8). Using this system with a gold microelectrode, dopamine, and epinephrine could be quantified within the concentration range of 1-500 μM and detected at a concentration of 0.3 μM. The methods here presented could be applied for the development of new capillary electrophoresis systems with amperometric detection and/or to the design of fully automated systems for online process monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fernández Feito
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan, UK
| | - Richard M Dinsdale
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan, UK
| | - Alan J Guwy
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan, UK
| | - Giuliano C Premier
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan, UK
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4
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Abstract
A dynamic development of methodologies of analytical flow injection measurements during four decades since their invention has reinforced the solid position of flow analysis in the arsenal of techniques and instrumentation of contemporary chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Trojanowicz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
- 03-195 Warsaw
- Poland
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Kamila Kołacińska
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
- 03-195 Warsaw
- Poland
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5
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Cabot JM, Fuguet E, Rosés M, Smejkal P, Breadmore MC. Novel Instrument for Automated pK(a) Determination by Internal Standard Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6165-72. [PMID: 25973766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The internal standard capillary electrophoresis method (IS-CE) has been implemented in a novel sequential injection-capillary electrophoresis instrument for the high-throughput determination of acidity constants (pK(a)) regardless of aqueous solubility, number of pK(a) values, or structure. This instrument comprises a buffer creation system that automatically mixes within a few seconds four reagents for in situ creation of the separation electrolyte with a pH range of 2-13, ionic strength of 10-100 mM and organic solvent content from 0% to 40%. Combined with 1.2 kV/cm and a short effective length (15 cm to the UV detector) fast 20 s electrophoretic separations can be obtained. The low standard deviation of the replicates and the low variation compared to reference values show that this system can accurately determine acidity constants of drugs by IS-CE. A single pK(a) can be determined in 2 min and a set of 20 measurements in half an hour, allowing rapid, simple, and flexible determination of pK(a) values of pharmaceutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cabot
- †Departament de Química Analítica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,‡Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Elisabet Fuguet
- †Departament de Química Analítica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Rosés
- †Departament de Química Analítica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petr Smejkal
- ‡Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- ‡Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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6
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Kler PA, Sydes D, Huhn C. Column–coupling strategies for multidimensional electrophoretic separation techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:119-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Le ME, Vizel A, Hutterer KM. Automated sample preparation for CE-SDS. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1369-74. [PMID: 23423814 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, CE with SDS (CE-SDS) places many restrictions on sample composition. Requirements include low salt content, known initial sample concentration, and a narrow window of final sample concentration. As these restrictions require buffer exchange for many sample types, sample preparation is often tedious and yields poor sample recoveries. To improve capacity and streamline sample preparation, an automated robotic platform was developed using the PhyNexus Micro-Extractor Automated Instrument (MEA) for both the reduced and nonreduced CE-SDS assays. This automated sample preparation normalizes sample concentration, removes salts and other contaminants, and adds the required CE-SDS reagents, essentially eliminating manual steps during sample preparation. Fc-fusion proteins and monoclonal antibodies were used in this work to demonstrate benefits of this approach when compared to the manual method. With optimized conditions, this application has demonstrated decreased analyst "hands on" time and reduced total assay time. Sample recovery greater than 90% can be achieved, regardless of initial composition and concentration of analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eleanor Le
- Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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8
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Wägli P, Chang YC, Hans K, Homsy A, Hvozdara L, Herzig HP, Sigrist M, de Rooij NF. Microfluidic droplet-based liquid-liquid extraction and on-chip IR spectroscopy detection of cocaine in human saliva. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7558-65. [PMID: 23815182 DOI: 10.1021/ac401606p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a portable microsystem to quantitatively detect cocaine in human saliva. In this system, we combine a microfluidic-based multiphase liquid-liquid extraction method to transfer cocaine continuously from IR-light-absorbing saliva to an IR-transparent solvent (tetrachloroethylene) with waveguide IR spectroscopy (QC-laser, waveguide, detector) to detect the cocaine on-chip. For the fabrication of the low-cost polymer microfluidic chips a simple rapid prototyping technique based on Scotch-tape masters was further developed and applied. To perform the droplet-based liquid-liquid extraction, we designed and integrated a simple and robust droplet generation method based on the capillary focusing effect within the device. Compared to well-characterized and commonly used microfluidic H-filters, our system showed at least two times higher extraction efficiencies with potential for further improvements. The current liquid-liquid extraction method alone can efficiently extract cocaine and pre-concentrate the analytes in a new solvent. Our fully integrated optofluidic system successfully detected cocaine in real saliva samples spiked with the drug (500 μg/mL) and allowed real time measurements, which makes this approach suitable for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wägli
- Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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9
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Chang YC, Wägli P, Paeder V, Homsy A, Hvozdara L, van der Wal P, Di Francesco J, de Rooij NF, Peter Herzig H. Cocaine detection by a mid-infrared waveguide integrated with a microfluidic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3020-3. [PMID: 22806146 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40601b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A germanium (Ge) strip waveguide on a silicon (Si) substrate is integrated with a microfluidic chip to detect cocaine in tetrachloroethylene (PCE) solutions. In the evanescent field of the waveguide, cocaine absorbs the light near 5.8 μm, which is emitted from a quantum cascade laser. This device is ideal for (bio-)chemical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chang
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering, Optics & Photonics Technology Laboratory, Rue A.-L. Breguet 2, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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10
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11
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Mai TD, Hauser PC. Pressure-assisted capillary electrophoresis for cation separations using a sequential injection analysis manifold and contactless conductivity detection. Talanta 2011; 84:1228-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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Pinto PCAG, Lúcia M, Saraiva MFS, Lima JLFC. Sequential Injection Analysis Hyphenated with Other Flow Techniques: A Review. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.500780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Analytical potential of mid-infrared detection in capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 679:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Determination of sulphate in water and biodiesel samples by a sequential injection analysis—Multivariate curve resolution method. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 676:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Mai TD, Schmid S, Müller B, Hauser PC. Capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection coupled to a sequential injection analysis manifold for extended automated monitoring applications. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 665:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Perry M, Li Q, Kennedy RT. Review of recent advances in analytical techniques for the determination of neurotransmitters. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 653:1-22. [PMID: 19800472 PMCID: PMC2759352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methods and advances for monitoring neurotransmitters in vivo or for tissue analysis of neurotransmitters over the last five years are reviewed. The review is organized primarily by neurotransmitter type. Transmitter and related compounds may be monitored by either in vivo sampling coupled to analytical methods or implanted sensors. Sampling is primarily performed using microdialysis, but low-flow push-pull perfusion may offer advantages of spatial resolution while minimizing the tissue disruption associated with higher flow rates. Analytical techniques coupled to these sampling methods include liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, enzyme assays, sensors, and mass spectrometry. Methods for the detection of amino acid, monoamine, neuropeptide, acetylcholine, nucleoside, and soluble gas neurotransmitters have been developed and improved upon. Advances in the speed and sensitivity of these methods have enabled improvements in temporal resolution and increased the number of compounds detectable. Similar advances have enabled improved detection at tissue samples, with a substantial emphasis on single cell and other small samples. Sensors provide excellent temporal and spatial resolution for in vivo monitoring. Advances in application to catecholamines, indoleamines, and amino acids have been prominent. Improvements in stability, sensitivity, and selectivity of the sensors have been of paramount interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Perry
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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17
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Flow/sequential injection sample treatment coupled to capillary electrophoresis. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 648:129-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Development of an automated chemiluminescence flow-through sensor for the determination of 5-aminosalicylic acid in pharmaceuticals: a comparative study between sequential and multicommutated flow techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:845-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Lü WJ, Chen YL, Zhu JH, Chen XG. The combination of flow injection with electrophoresis using capillaries and chips. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:83-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Dahdouh FT, Clarke K, Salgado M, Hanrahan G, Gomez FA. Chemometrical examination of active parameters and interactions in flow injection-capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3779-85. [PMID: 18850647 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first detailed examination of flow injection-capillary electrophoresis (FI-CE) active parameters and their interactions via response surface methodology (RSM) is presented. Specifically, RSM in the form of a Box-Behnken design was implemented to effectively predict the significance of capillary length, voltage and injection volume on the optimization of an in-house built FI-CE analyzer. Initial studies were performed assessing peak height and peak shape of the model compound N,N-dimethylformamide. Optimum model conditions were then derived and used in the model separation of two small molecules, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form (NADH) and benzenesulfonamide. By implementing the RSM approach, detailed examination of active FI-CE parameters was possible, including the ability to reveal a significant interactive effect. This work is not only highly significant for advancing FI-CE developments, but instructive for investigators actively exploring other coupled analytical techniques and associated experimental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froseen T Dahdouh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
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21
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Kremser L, Bilek G, Kenndler E. Effect of detergent on electromigration of proteins: CE of very low density lipoprotein receptor modules and viral proteins. Electrophoresis 2008; 28:3684-90. [PMID: 17893950 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The different electrophoretic behavior of the members of two groups of proteins with respect to the absence or presence of detergent additives in the BGE was explored. Recombinant soluble concatemers of repeat 3 of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-receptor fused at their N-terminus to maltose-binding protein (MBP) exhibited different electrophoretic mobilities in borate buffer (pH 8.3) in the absence and in the presence of dodecyl-PEG ether (D-PEG). This enabled the separation of the receptor fragments from MBP after enzymatic cleavage. In the presence of SDS, the mobilities of all proteins approached the same values with increase in detergent concentrations. In contrast, viral capsid proteins of a human rhinovirus (HRV) exhibited different migration in the presence of the additive. For the receptor proteins, extreme apparent high plate numbers were observed when the SDS concentration in the sample and the separation buffer differed. This effect might be erroneously interpreted as a high efficiency. However, it is due to the conductivity boundaries caused by the sample and leads to a total loss of separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Kremser
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Jiménez JR, Luque de Castro MD. Lab-on-valve for the automatic determination of the total content and individual profiles of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in water samples. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:590-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Luque de Castro M, Ruiz-Jiménez J, Pérez-Serradilla J. Lab-on-valve: a useful tool in biochemical analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Tempels FWA, Underberg WJM, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Design and applications of coupled SPE-CE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:108-28. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Over the past decade, chemical cytometry performed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) has become increasingly valuable as a bioanalytical tool to quantify analytes from single cells. However, extensive use of CE-based chemical cytometry has been hindered by the relatively low throughput for the analysis of single adherent cells. In order to overcome the low throughput of CE-based analysis of adherent cells and increase its utility in evaluating cellular attributes, new higher throughput methods are needed. Integration of a coaxial buffer exchange system with CE-based chemical cytometry increased the rate of serial analyses of cells. In the designed system, fluid flow through a tube coaxial to the separation capillary was used to supply electrophoretic buffer to the capillary. This sheath or coaxial fluid was turned off between analysis of cells and on during cell sampling and electrophoresis. Thus, living cells were not exposed to the nonphysiologic electrophoretic buffer prior to lysis. Key parameters of the system such as the relative capillary-sheath positions, buffer flow velocities, and the cell chamber design were optimized. To demonstrate the utility of the system, rat basophilic leukemic cells loaded with Oregon green and fluorescein were serially lysed and loaded into a capillary. Separation of the contents of 20 cells at a rate of 0.5 cells/min was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Marc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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26
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Theodoridis GA, Zacharis CK, Voulgaropoulos AN. Automated sample treatment by flow techniques prior to liquid-phase separations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:243-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Teshima N, Hino T, Sakai T. An Alternative Interface for a Flow Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis System with Electrokinetic Injection. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:751-3. [PMID: 17575363 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An alternative interface for flow injection-capillary electrophoresis based on electrokinetic injection is described. The interface basically consists of tubular platinum and a commercially available standard tee connector. The tubular platinum works as not only an electrode, but also a waste outlet of a split sample solution. The availability of the proposed interface is evaluated by the separation of several transition metals, such as vanadium, iron, and cobalt with 1,10-phenanthroline, and by the determination of iron in steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Teshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, Japan.
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28
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Quintás G, Nuñez E, Vellekoop M, Lendl B. On-line monitoring of pH junctions in capillary electrophoresis using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:287-92. [PMID: 17131109 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopic detection is proposed as an on-line detection technique for the study of on-line preconcentration processes in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The molecule-specific information contained in mid-IR spectra can be used to directly determine the chemical compositions of individual zones and their boundaries. This paper reports on pH junctions employed in myoglobin analysis. On-line mid-IR detection allowed the shape of the sample peak to be monitored as well as the chemical compositions of the surrounding zones. From this information it was possible to obtain detailed insights into the actual chemical compositions of the individual zones governing the efficiency of the preconcentration technique applied. The principle of measurement outlined here can therefore also be regarded as a promising one for investigating other on-line preconcentration techniques, like stacking, sweeping, and pH junction-sweeping among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Quintás
- Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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