1
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Ino K, Wachi M, Utagawa Y, Konno A, Takinoue M, Abe H, Shiku H. Scanning electrochemical microscopy for determining oxygen consumption rates of cells in hydrogel fibers fabricated using an extrusion 3D bioprinter. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342539. [PMID: 38637037 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D)-cultured cells have attracted the attention of researchers in tissue engineering- and drug screening-related fields. Among them, 3D cellular fibers have attracted significant attention because they can be stacked to prepare more complex tissues and organs. Cellular fibers are widely fabricated using extrusion 3D bioprinters. For these applications, it is necessary to evaluate cellular activities, such as the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which is one of the major metabolic activities. We previously reported the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to evaluate the OCRs of cell spheroids. However, the SECM approach has not yet been applied to hydrogel fibers prepared using the bioprinters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the OCR of cellular fibers printed by extrusion 3D bioprinters. First, the diffusion theory was discussed to address this issue. Next, diffusion models were simulated to compare realistic models with this theory. Finally, the OCRs of MCF-7 cells in the printed hydrogel fibers were evaluated as a proof of concept. Our proposed approach could potentially be used to evaluate the OCRs of tissue-engineered fibers for organ transplantation and drug screening using in-vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Mana Wachi
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Utagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - An Konno
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takinoue
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroya Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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2
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Zhao X, Zhu R, Anikovskiy M, Wu Q, Ding Z. Profiling H 2O 2 from single COS-7 cells by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115123. [PMID: 36812793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We report quantitative determination of extracellular H2O2 released from single COS-7 cells with high spatial resolution, using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Our strategy of depth scan imaging in vertical x-z plane was conveniently utilized to a single cell for obtaining probe approach curves (PACs) to any positions on the membrane of a live cell by simply drawing a vertical line on one depth SECM image. This SECM mode provides an efficient way to record a batch of PACs, and visualize cell topography simultaneously. The H2O2 concentration at the membrane surface in the center of an intact COS-7 cell was deconvoluted from apparent O2, and determined to be 0.020 mM by overlapping the experimental PAC with the simulated one having a known H2O2 release value. The H2O2 profile determined in this way gives insight into physiological activity of single live cells. In addition, intracellular H2O2 profile was demonstrated using confocal microscopy by labelling the cells with a luminomphore, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The two methodologies have illustrated complementary experimental results of H2O2 detection, indicating that H2O2 generation is centered at endoplasmic reticula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Renkang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Qingxi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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3
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Rahi D, Dzyuba B, Policar T, Malinovskyi O, Rodina M, Dzyuba V. Bioenergetic Pathways in the Sperm of an Under-Ice Spawning Fish, Burbot ( Lota lota): The Role of Mitochondrial Respiration in a Varying Thermal Environment. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080739. [PMID: 34439971 PMCID: PMC8389567 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the sperm of cold-water fish, the contributions of different bioenergetic pathways, including mitochondrial respiration, to energy production at the spawning temperature and its adaptation at the maximum critical temperature (CTmax) are unclear. The roles of glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) at 4 °C, and OXPHOS at 15 °C for energy production in burbot (Lota lota) spermatozoa were studied by motility and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) (with and without pathway inhibitors and the OXPHOS uncoupler). At both temperatures, the effects of the inhibitors and the uncoupler on the motility duration, curvilinear velocity, and track linearity were insignificant; in addition, the OCRs in activation and non-activation media differed insignificantly and were not enhanced after uncoupler treatment. After inhibitor treatment in both media, OXPHOS was insignificantly different at the 2, 30, and 60 s time points at 4 °C but was reduced significantly at the 30 and 60 s time points after treatment with sodium azide at 15 °C. In conclusion, for burbot sperm at both the spawning temperature and the CTmax, the energy synthesized via OXPHOS during motility was insufficient. Therefore, the majority of the energy required to sustain motility was derived from pre-accumulated energy produced and stored during the quiescent state of the spermatozoa.
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4
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Peniche Silva CJ, Liebsch G, Meier RJ, Gutbrod MS, Balmayor ER, van Griensven M. A New Non-invasive Technique for Measuring 3D-Oxygen Gradients in Wells During Mammalian Cell Culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:595. [PMID: 32626696 PMCID: PMC7313265 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen tension plays an important role in overall cell function and fate, regulating gene expression, and cell differentiation. Although there is extensive literature available that supports the previous statement, little information is to be found about accurate O2 measurements during culture. In fact, O2 concentration at the cell layer during culture is commonly assumed to be equal to that of the incubator atmosphere. This assumption does not consider oxygen diffusion properties, cell type, cell density, media composition, time in culture nor height of the cell culture medium column. In this study, we developed a non-invasive, optical sensor foil-based technique suitable for measuring the 3D oxygen gradient that is formed during cell culture as a result of normal cell respiration. For this propose, we created a 3D printed ramp to which surface an oxygen optode sensor foil was attached. The ramps were positioned inside the culture wells of 24 well plate prior cell seeding. This set up in conjunction with the VisiSens TD camera system allows to investigate the oxygen gradient formation during culture. Cultivation was performed with three different initial cell densities of the cell line A549 that were seeded on the plate containing the ramps with the oxygen sensors. The O2 gradient obtained after 96 h of culture showed significantly lower O2 concentrations closer to the bottom of the well in high cell density cultures compared to that of lower cell density cultures. Furthermore, it was very interesting to observe that even with low cell density culture, oxygen concentration near the cell layer was lower than that of the incubator atmosphere. The obtained oxygen gradient after 96 h was used to calculate the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of the A549 cells, and the obtained value of ~100 fmol/h/cell matches the OCR value already reported in the literature for this cell line. Moreover, we found our set up to be unique in its ability to measure oxygen gradient formation in several wells of a cell culture plate simultaneously and in a non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Peniche Silva
- cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth R. Balmayor
- IBE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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5
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Barata D, Spennati G, Correia C, Ribeiro N, Harink B, van Blitterswijk C, Habibovic P, van Rijt S. Development of a shear stress-free microfluidic gradient generator capable of quantitatively analyzing single-cell morphology. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:81. [PMID: 28884359 PMCID: PMC5589786 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics, the science of engineering fluid streams at the micrometer scale, offers unique tools for creating and controlling gradients of soluble compounds. Gradient generation can be used to recreate complex physiological microenvironments, but is also useful for screening purposes. For example, in a single experiment, adherent cells can be exposed to a range of concentrations of the compound of interest, enabling high-content analysis of cell behaviour and enhancing throughput. In this study, we present the development of a microfluidic screening platform where, by means of diffusion, gradients of soluble compounds can be generated and sustained. This platform enables the culture of adherent cells under shear stress-free conditions, and their exposure to a soluble compound in a concentration gradient-wise manner. The platform consists of five serial cell culture chambers, all coupled to two lateral fluid supply channels that are used for gradient generation through a source-sink mechanism. Furthermore, an additional inlet and outlet are used for cell seeding inside the chambers. Finite element modeling was used for the optimization of the design of the platform and for validation of the dynamics of gradient generation. Then, as a proof-of-concept, human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were cultured inside the platform and exposed to a gradient of Cytochalasin D, an actin polymerization inhibitor. This set-up allowed us to analyze cell morphological changes over time, including cell area and eccentricity measurements, as a function of Cytochalasin D concentration by using fluorescence image-based cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barata
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Spennati
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Correia
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nelson Ribeiro
- Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Laboratório Associado de Energia, Transportes e Aeronáutica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Björn Harink
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine van Rijt
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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6
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Kirk TV, Marques MPC, Radhakrishnan ANP, Szita N. Quantification of the oxygen uptake rate in a dissolved oxygen controlled oscillating jet-driven microbioreactor. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2016; 91:823-831. [PMID: 27478291 PMCID: PMC4950047 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbioreactors have emerged as a new tool for early bioprocess development. The technology has advanced rapidly in the last decade and obtaining real-time quantitative data of process variables is nowadays state of the art. In addition, control over process variables has also been achieved. The aim of this study was to build a microbioreactor capable of controlling dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and to determine oxygen uptake rate in real time. RESULTS An oscillating jet driven, membrane-aerated microbioreactor was developed without comprising any moving parts. Mixing times of ∼7 s, and kLa values of ∼170 h-1 were achieved. DO control was achieved by varying the duty cycle of a solenoid microvalve, which changed the gas mixture in the reactor incubator chamber. The microbioreactor supported Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth over 30 h and cell densities of 6.7 gdcw L-1. Oxygen uptake rates of ∼34 mmol L-1 h-1 were achieved. CONCLUSION The results highlight the potential of DO-controlled microbioreactors to obtain real-time information on oxygen uptake rate, and by extension on cellular metabolism for a variety of cell types over a broad range of processing conditions. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V Kirk
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AHUK
| | - Marco PC Marques
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AHUK
| | | | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AHUK
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7
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Ahadian S, Banan Sadeghian R, Yaginuma S, Ramón-Azcón J, Nashimoto Y, Liang X, Bae H, Nakajima K, Shiku H, Matsue T, Nakayama KS, Khademhosseini A. Hydrogels containing metallic glass sub-micron wires for regulating skeletal muscle cell behaviour. Biomater Sci 2015; 3:1449-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00215j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid Pd-based metallic glass sub-micron wires-hydrogel scaffolds are efficient in regulating behaviours of skeletal muscle cells.
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8
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Variation in diffusion of gases through PDMS due to plasma surface treatment and storage conditions. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:91-6. [PMID: 24065585 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a commonly used polymer in the fabrication of microfluidic devices due to such features as transparency, gas permeability, and ease of patterning with soft lithography. The surface characteristics of PDMS can also be easily changed with oxygen or low pressure air plasma converting it from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic state. As part of such a transformation, surface methyl groups are removed and replaced with hydroxyl groups making the exposed surface to resemble silica, a gas impermeable substance. We have utilized Platinum(II)-tetrakis(pentaflourophenyl)porphyrin immobilized within a thin (~1.5 um thick) polystyrene matrix as an oxygen sensor, Stern-Volmer relationship, and Fick's Law of simple diffusion to measure the effects of PDMS composition, treatment, and storage on oxygen diffusion through PDMS. Results indicate that freshly oxidized PDMS showed a significantly smaller diffusion coefficient, indicating that the SiO2 layer formed on the PDMS surface created an impeding barrier. This barrier disappeared after a 3-day storage in air, but remained significant for up to 3 weeks if PDMS was maintained in contact with water. Additionally, higher density PDMS formulation (5:1 ratio) showed similar diffusion characteristics as normal (10:1 ratio) formulation, but showed 60 % smaller diffusion coefficient after plasma treatment that never recovered to pre-treatment levels even after a 3-week storage in air. Understanding how plasma surface treatments contribute to oxygen diffusion will be useful in exploiting the gas permeability of PDMS to establish defined normoxic and hypoxic oxygen conditions within microfluidic bioreactor systems.
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9
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Yip NC, Rawson FJ, Tsang CW, Mendes PM. Real-time electrocatalytic sensing of cellular respiration. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 57:303-9. [PMID: 24607581 PMCID: PMC3990025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we develop a real-time electrochemical mediator assay to enable the assessment of cell numbers and chemical toxicity. This allowed us to monitor metabolism down to a single cell in a low cost easy to use rapid assay which is not possible with current technology. The developed assay was based on the determination of oxygen. This was made possible via the use of electrochemical mediator ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcA). The FcA showed distinctive catalytic properties in interacting with reactive oxygen species generated from oxygen when compared to ferrocene methanol (FcMeOH). A deeper insight into the chemistry controlling this behaviour is provided. The behaviour is then taken advantage of to develop a cellular aerobic respiration assay. We describe the properties of the FcA system to detect, in real-time, the oxygen consumption of Escherichia coli DH5-α (E. coli). We demonstrated that the FcA-based oxygen assay is highly sensitive, and using a population of cells, oxygen consumption rates could be calculated down to a single cell level. More importantly, the results can be accomplished in minutes, considerably outperforming current commercially available biooxygen demand assays. The developed assay is expected to have a significant impact in diverse fields and industries, ranging from environmental toxicology through to pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga-Chi Yip
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Wai Tsang
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Paula M Mendes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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10
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Ochs CJ, Kasuya J, Pavesi A, Kamm RD. Oxygen levels in thermoplastic microfluidic devices during cell culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:459-62. [PMID: 24302467 PMCID: PMC4305448 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed a computational model to predict oxygen levels in microfluidic plastic devices during cell culture. This model is based on experimental evaluation of oxygen levels. Conditions are determined that provide adequate oxygen supply to two cell types, hepatocytes and endothelial cells, either by diffusion through the plastic device, or by supplying a low flow rate of medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Ochs
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSystems and Micromechanics, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602
| | - Junichi Kasuya
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, NE47-321, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSystems and Micromechanics, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSystems and Micromechanics, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, NE47-321, Cambridge, MA, 02139
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11
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Nagamine K, Okamoto K, Otani S, Kaji H, Kanzaki M, Nishizawa M. Hydrogel-based bioassay sheets for in vitro evaluation of contraction-dependent metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle cells. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:252-256. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60179j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Markov DA, Lillie EM, Garbett SP, McCawley LJ. Variation in diffusion of gases through PDMS due to plasma surface treatment and storage conditions. Biomed Microdevices 2013. [PMID: 24065585 DOI: 10.1007/s10544‐013‐9808‐2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a commonly used polymer in the fabrication of microfluidic devices due to such features as transparency, gas permeability, and ease of patterning with soft lithography. The surface characteristics of PDMS can also be easily changed with oxygen or low pressure air plasma converting it from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic state. As part of such a transformation, surface methyl groups are removed and replaced with hydroxyl groups making the exposed surface to resemble silica, a gas impermeable substance. We have utilized Platinum(II)-tetrakis(pentaflourophenyl)porphyrin immobilized within a thin (~1.5 um thick) polystyrene matrix as an oxygen sensor, Stern-Volmer relationship, and Fick's Law of simple diffusion to measure the effects of PDMS composition, treatment, and storage on oxygen diffusion through PDMS. Results indicate that freshly oxidized PDMS showed a significantly smaller diffusion coefficient, indicating that the SiO2 layer formed on the PDMS surface created an impeding barrier. This barrier disappeared after a 3-day storage in air, but remained significant for up to 3 weeks if PDMS was maintained in contact with water. Additionally, higher density PDMS formulation (5:1 ratio) showed similar diffusion characteristics as normal (10:1 ratio) formulation, but showed 60 % smaller diffusion coefficient after plasma treatment that never recovered to pre-treatment levels even after a 3-week storage in air. Understanding how plasma surface treatments contribute to oxygen diffusion will be useful in exploiting the gas permeability of PDMS to establish defined normoxic and hypoxic oxygen conditions within microfluidic bioreactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Markov
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,
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13
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Wagner K, Friedrich S, Stang C, Bley T, Schilling N, Bieda M, Lasagni A, Boschke E. Initial phases of microbial biofilm formation on opaque, innovative anti-adhesive surfaces using a modular microfluidic system. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wagner
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Sandra Friedrich
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Carolin Stang
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Niels Schilling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS; Dresden Germany
| | - Matthias Bieda
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS; Dresden Germany
| | - Andrés Lasagni
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS; Dresden Germany
| | - Elke Boschke
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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KOIDE M, YASUKAWA T, HORIGUCHI Y, NAGAMINE K, SHIKU H, MATSUE T, ITAYAMA T. Microfluidic Devices for Electrochemical Measurement of Photosynthetic Activity of Cyanobacteria Microcystis Cells. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:69. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro KOIDE
- National Institute for Environmental Studies
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
| | | | | | | | - Hitoshi SHIKU
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
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15
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Kuss S, Cornut R, Beaulieu I, Mezour MA, Annabi B, Mauzeroll J. Assessing multidrug resistance protein 1-mediated function in cancer cell multidrug resistance by scanning electrochemical microscopy and flow cytometry. Bioelectrochemistry 2011; 82:29-37. [PMID: 21620781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Bird SP, Baker LA. Biologically modified hydrogels for chemical and biochemical analysis. Analyst 2011; 136:3410-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00871k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Takeda M, Shiku H, Ino K, Matsue T. Electrochemical chip integrating scalable ring–ring electrode array to detect secreted alkaline phosphatase. Analyst 2011; 136:4991-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Strovas TJ, McQuaide SC, Anderson JB, Nandakumar V, Kalyuzhnaya MG, Burgess LW, Holl MR, Meldrum DR, Lidstrom ME. Direct measurement of oxygen consumption rates from attached and unattached cells in a reversibly sealed, diffusionally isolated sample chamber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 5:398-408. [PMID: 21546993 DOI: 10.4236/abb.2010.15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen consumption is a fundamental component of metabolic networks, mitochondrial function, and global carbon cycling. To date there is no method available that allows for replicate measurements on attached and unattached biological samples without compensation for extraneous oxygen leaking into the system. Here we present the Respiratory Detection System, which is compatible with virtually any biological sample. The RDS can be used to measure oxygen uptake in microliter-scale volumes with a reversibly sealed sample chamber, which contains a porphyrin-based oxygen sensor. With the RDS, one can maintain a diffusional seal for up to three hours, allowing for the direct measurement of respiratory function of samples with fast or slow metabolic rates. The ability to easily measure oxygen uptake in small volumes with small populations or dilute samples has implications in cell biology, environmental biology, and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Strovas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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19
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Otani Y, Yasukawa T, Mizutani F. Sensitive Glucose Sensors Based on Chemical Amplification with a Glucose Cycling of Substrate on Oxygen Permeable Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Layer. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2010. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.59.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Otani
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
| | | | - Fumio Mizutani
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
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20
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Polinkovsky M, Gutierrez E, Levchenko A, Groisman A. Fine temporal control of the medium gas content and acidity and on-chip generation of series of oxygen concentrations for cell cultures. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:1073-84. [PMID: 19350089 DOI: 10.1039/b816191g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe the design, operation, and applications of two microfluidic devices that generate series of concentrations of oxygen, [O(2)], by on-chip gas mixing. Both devices are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and have two layers of channels, the flow layer and the gas layer. By using in-situ measurements of [O(2)] with an oxygen-sensitive fluorescent dye, we show that gas diffusion through PDMS leads to equilibration of [O(2)] in an aqueous solution in the flow layer with [O(2)] in a gas injected into the gas layer on a time scale of approximately 1 sec. Injection of carbon dioxide into the gas layer causes the pH in the flow layer to drop within approximately 0.5 sec. Gas-mixing channel networks of both devices generate series of 9 gas mixtures with different [O(2)] from two gases fed to the inlets, thus creating regions with 9 different [O(2)] in the flow layer. The first device generates nitrogen-oxygen mixtures with [O(2)] varying linearly between 0 and 100%. The second device generates nitrogen-air mixtures with [O(2)] varying exponentially between 0 and 20.9%. The flow layers of the devices are designed for culturing bacteria in semi-permeable microchambers, and the second device is used to measure growth curves of E. coli colonies at 9 different [O(2)] in a single experiment. The cell division rates at [O(2)] of 0, 0.2, and 0.5% are found to be significantly different, further validating the capacity of the device to set [O(2)] in the flow layer with high precision and resolution. The degree of control of [O(2)] achieved in the devices and the robustness with respect to oxygen consumption due to respiration would be difficult to match in a traditional large-scale culture. The proposed devices and technology can be used in research on bacteria and yeast under microaerobic conditions and on mammalian cells under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Polinkovsky
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, , 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0374, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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21
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Sasaki S, Okamoto T, Fujii T. Bioluminescence intensity difference observed in luminous bacteria groups with different motility. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48:313-7. [PMID: 19207857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the luminescent intensity of bioluminescence from marine luminous bacteria with different motility. METHODS AND RESULTS Luminescent bacteria were separated according to their motility using a microfluidic device. The cell densities of the separated samples were measured using a counting plate. The luminescent intensity of the separated samples was measured using a luminometer. The luminescent intensity per cell was calculated, and the values from the mobile (swimmers) and the nonmobile cells (nonswimmers) per single cell were compared; as a result, the former were proved to be larger than the latter. CONCLUSIONS Microfluidics were shown to be effective for the separation of bioluminescent bacteria and the bioluminescent intensity difference per cell was recognized with this experiment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study introduced for the first time a method to examine the individual cell function of Photobacterium kishitanii.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sasaki
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Yasukawa T, Maekawa E, Mizutani F. Amperometric Glucose Sensors Utilizing the Permeability of Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide through aPoly(dimethylsiloxane) Layer. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2009. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.58.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eiji Maekawa
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Fumio Mizutani
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
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23
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YASUKAWA T, MAEKAWA E, MIZUTANI F. Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Layer by Using Poly(L-lysine) as a Polymer Backbone. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1159-62. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eiji MAEKAWA
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Fumio MIZUTANI
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
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24
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Shiku H, Goto S, Jung S, Nagamine K, Koide M, Itayama T, Yasukawa T, Matsue T. Electrochemical characterization of enzymatic activity of yeast cells entrapped in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microwell on the basis of limited diffusion system. Analyst 2008; 134:182-7. [PMID: 19082191 DOI: 10.1039/b808428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and quantitative analysis was performed using a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microwell array in a scanning electrochemical microscopy setup. A microelectrode with a relatively large seal radius was used to cover the top of the cylindrical PDMS microwell (96 pL). The voltammogram for 4 mM ferrocyanide resulted in a charge value of 38 nC, suggesting that almost 100% of the reductant in the microwell was converted to the oxidation current. When genetically modified yeast cells were entrapped in the microwell, the accumulation of p-aminophenol (PAP) produced by expressing beta-galactosidase (betaGAL) was successfully observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aramaki-Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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25
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West J, Becker M, Tombrink S, Manz A. Micro Total Analysis Systems: Latest Achievements. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4403-19. [PMID: 18498178 DOI: 10.1021/ac800680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan West
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marco Becker
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Tombrink
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Manz
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
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26
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Bao N, Wang J, Lu C. Recent advances in electric analysis of cells in microfluidic systems. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:933-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Spegel C, Heiskanen A, Skjolding L, Emnéus J. Chip Based Electroanalytical Systems for Cell Analysis. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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Chen Z, Xie S, Shen L, Du Y, He S, Li Q, Liang Z, Meng X, Li B, Xu X, Ma H, Huang Y, Shao Y. Investigation of the interactions between silver nanoparticles and Hela cells by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Analyst 2008; 133:1221-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b807057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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