1
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Prabaharan R, Arunachalam A, Rengan R. Analysis of antiproliferative activity of new half-sandwich arene Ru(II) thiophene based aroylhydrazone complexes. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39069794 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Efforts in researching the efficient anti-tumor properties of three novel arene ruthenium(II) complexes incorporating thiophene-based aroylhydrazone ligands have been undertaken. The complexes' elemental composition was [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(L)Cl]. They were comprehensively characterized through elemental and spectroscopic analyses (FT-IR, UV-vis, NMR, and HR-MS). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed a pseudo-octahedral geometry with bidentate coordination of the ligands in a representative complex. The in vitro assessment of the complexes' cancer cell growth inhibition was conducted using the MTT assay against A549 (human lung carcinoma), HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), HuH-7 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and NIH-3T3 (mouse fibroblast non-cancerous cell line). Results indicated significant cytotoxicity across all cancer cell lines, with IC50 concentrations of complex 2 being 6.8 μM for A549, 11.6 μM for HeLa, and 9.4 μM for HuH-7, compared to cisplatin with IC50 values of 18.9 μM, 17.68 μM, and 24 μM respectively. Notably, complex 2 demonstrated particularly promising cytotoxicity against all tested cancerous cell lines. Fluorescent staining analysis such as acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO-EB) and HOECHST 33342 revealed cell death mechanisms involving membrane disintegration and nuclear condensation following treatment with complex 2. Further studies were conducted to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using the JC-1 dye assay. These studies demonstrated that complex 2 increased ROS levels, decreased membrane potential, and promoted mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated cell death pathways. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis, utilizing dual staining of Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI), was employed to quantitatively study apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Prabaharan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, India.
| | - Abirami Arunachalam
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, India.
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, India.
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2
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Mitrović M, Djukić MB, Vukić M, Nikolić I, Radovanović MD, Luković J, Filipović IP, Matić S, Marković T, Klisurić OR, Popović S, Matović ZD, Ristić MS. Search for new biologically active compounds: in vitro studies of antitumor and antimicrobial activity of dirhodium(II,II) paddlewheel complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9330-9349. [PMID: 38747564 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01082e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Four neutral Rh1-Rh4 complexes of the general formula [Rh2(CH3COO)4L2], where L is an N-alkylimidazole ligand, were synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, and in the case of Rh4 the crystal structure was confirmed. Investigation of the interactions of these complexes with HSA by fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding constants Kb are moderately strong (∼104 M-1), and site-marker competition experiments showed that the complexes bind to Heme site III (subdomain IB). Competitive binding studies for CT DNA using EB and HOE showed that the complexes bind to the minor groove, which was also confirmed by viscosity experiments. Molecular docking confirmed the experimental data for HSA and CT DNA. Antimicrobial tests showed that the Rh2-Rh4 complexes exerted a strong inhibitory effect on G+ bacteria B. cereus and G- bacteria V. parahaemolyticus as well as on the yeast C. tropicalis, which showed a higher sensitivity compared to fluconazole. The cytotoxic activity of Rh1-Rh4 complexes tested on three cancer cell lines (HeLa, HCT116 and MDA-MB-231) and on healthy MRC-5 cells showed that all investigated complexes elicited more efficient cytotoxicity on all tested tumor cells than on control cells. Investigation of the mechanism of action revealed that the Rh1-Rh4 complexes inhibit cell proliferation via different mechanisms of action, namely apoptosis (increase in expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein and caspase-3 protein in HeLa and HCT116 cells; changes in mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial damage; release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria; cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in both HeLa and HCT116 cells together with a decrease in the expression of cyclin A and cyclin B) and autophagy (reduction in the expression of the protein p62 in HeLa and HCT116 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mitrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Maja B Djukić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vukić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Nikolić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marko D Radovanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jovan Luković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ignjat P Filipović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Matić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tijana Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera R Klisurić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Suzana Popović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran D Matović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Marija S Ristić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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3
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Ali M, Cornaton Y, Djukic JP, Pfeffer M. Follow-Up Study of Trans-C to Cis-C Thermally or Photochemically Induced Isomerization of Terpyridine Adducts of Cycloruthenated 2-Aryl-2'-pyridine Compounds. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4867-4874. [PMID: 38450604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of isomerization of the known 2-phenyl,pyridine (phpy) derivatives [Ru(phpy-κC,N) (MeCN-trans-N)(terpy)]PF6, 2, to [Ru(phpy-κC,N)(MeCN-trans-C)(terpy)]PF6 (terpy = 2,2';6',2″-terpyridine), 3, at temperatures >50 °C has been investigated both by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by DFT calculations. The photoisomerization of 2 to 3 by UV light occurred also quantitatively in MeCN after 20 h at room temperature. A similar behavior to that of 2 could be established for the related compound [Ru(3-acridine-2'-C5H4N-κC,N)(MeCN-trans-N)(2,2';6',2″-terpyridine)]PF6, 6 (acridine = dibenzo[b,e]pyridine or 2,3-benzoquinoline), that was obtained from the reaction between [Ru(3-acridine-2'-C5H4N-κC,N) (MeCN)4]PF6, 4, and terpy in MeOH/MeCN at 60 °C for 24 h. Similar to 2, the isomerization of 6 to [Ru(3-acridine-2'-C5H4N-κC,N)(MeCN-trans-C) (terpy)]PF6, 7, could be induced thermally (48 h at 60 °C in pure MeOH) or photochemically under UV radiation in MeCN at room temperature. A compound closely related to 7 but in which MeCN was replaced by H2O was described earlier (Tanaka et al. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 5386-539). The presence of water on this compound had a dramatic effect as far as the coordination of terpy was concerned as its isomerization to a compound related to 6 (in which H2O instead of MeCN is coordinated to Ru) occurred indeed photochemically via irradiation with visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Ali
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yann Cornaton
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Djukic
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pfeffer
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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4
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D’Amato A, Mariconda A, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Catalano A, Sinicropi MS, Longo P. Complexes of Ruthenium(II) as Promising Dual-Active Agents against Cancer and Viral Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1729. [PMID: 38139855 PMCID: PMC10747139 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor responses to medical care and the failure of pharmacological treatment for many high-frequency diseases, such as cancer and viral infections, have been widely documented. In this context, numerous metal-based substances, including cisplatin, auranofin, various gold metallodrugs, and ruthenium complexes, are under study as possible anticancer and antiviral agents. The two Ru(III) and Ru(II) complexes, namely, BOLD-100 and RAPTA-C, are presently being studied in a clinical trial and preclinical studies evaluation, respectively, as anticancer agents. Interestingly, BOLD-100 has also recently demonstrated antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the last years, much effort has been dedicated to discovering new dual anticancer-antiviral agents. Ru-based complexes could be very suitable in this respect. Thus, this review focuses on the most recent studies regarding newly synthesized Ru(II) complexes for use as anticancer and/or antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta D’Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.D.); (P.L.)
| | | | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.D.); (P.L.)
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5
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Peng X, Tang Q, Zhu H, Bai L, Zhao H, Chen Y. Study on antitumor activity of three ruthenium arene complexes in vitro. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112310. [PMID: 37441921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Three ruthenium arene complexes, namely {[(η6-p-cymene)Ru(Cl)]2(dpb)}(PF6)2 (1), [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(dpb)Cl](PF6) (2) and [(η6-p-cymene) Ru(dpb)py](PF6) (3) (dpb = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)benzo-quinoxaline, py = pyridine), were synthesized and their antitumor properties were introduced. Complexes 1-3 were characterized by 1H NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. As a binuclear ruthenium structure, the absorption of metal ligand electron transfer (MLCT) of 1 extended to 700 nm. Complex 1 was significantly hydrolyzed under dark conditions. The cytotoxicity in vitro study showed that complexes 1 and 2 are more toxic to human lung cancer cells (A549) and human cervial cancer cells (Hela) than cisplatin. Moreover, there was almost no cross-resistance between complex 1-2 and cisplatin. Under the irradiation at 478 nm, complexes 1-3 all produced singlet oxygen (1O2), and the 1O2 quantum yield of complex 1 in PBS is the highest among complexes 1-3. Complex 1 also produced 1O2 under 600 nm light irradiation. DNA gel electrophoresis showed that 1 caused the photocleavage of plasmid DNA. The hydrolysis rate of complex 1 was accelerated under light (λ > 600 nm). And the phototoxicity of complex 1 to Hela cells under light (λ > 600 nm) was much greater than its dark toxicity, which may be due to its generation of 1O2 and the promotion of its hydrolysis under long-wave light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Peng
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huiyun Zhu
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lijuan Bai
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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6
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Khatun R, Modak R, Islam ASM, Moni D, Sepay N, Mukherjee R, Das G, Murmu N, Ali M. Small Molecule Interactions with Biomacromolecules: DNA Binding Interactions of a Manganese(III) Schiff Base Complex with Potential Anticancer Activities. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3176-3188. [PMID: 37548990 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A manganese(III) complex, [MnIII(L)(SCN)(enH)](NO3)·H2O (1•H2O) (H2L = 2-((E)-(2-((E)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene-amino)-ethyl-imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol), has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The interaction of 1•H2O with DNA was studied by monitoring the decrease in absorbance of the complex at λ = 324 nm with the increase in DNA concentration, providing an opportunity to determine the binding constant of the 1•H2O-ct-DNA complex as 5.63 × 103 M-1. Similarly, fluorescence titration was carried out by adding ct-DNA gradually and monitoring the increase in emission intensity at 453 nm on excitation at λex = 324 nm. A linear form of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation yields a binding constant of 4.40 × 103 M-1 at 25 °C, establishing the self-consistency of our results obtained from absorption and fluorescence titrations. The competitive displacement reactions of dyes like ethidium bromide, Hoechst, and DAPI (4',6-diamidine-2'-phenylindole dihydrochloride) from dye-ct-DNA conjugates by 1•H2O were analyzed, and the corresponding KSV values are 1.05 × 104, 1.25 × 104, and 1.35 × 104 M-1 and the Kapp values are 2.16 × 103, 8.34 × 103, and 9.0 × 103 M-1, from which it is difficult to infer the preference of groove binding over intercalation by these DNA trackers. However, the molecular docking experiments and viscosity measurement clearly indicate the preference for minor groove binding over intercalation, involving a change in Gibbs free energy of -8.56 kcal/mol. The 1•H2O complex was then evaluated for its anticancer potential in breast cancer MCF-7 cells, which severely abrogates the growth of the cells in both 2D and 3D mammospheres, indicating its promising application as an anticancer drug through a minor groove binding interaction with ct-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rousunara Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
- Aliah University, ll-A/27, Action Area II, Newtown, Action Area II, Kolkata, West Bengal 700160, India
| | - Ritwik Modak
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal 560064, India
| | - Abu Saleh Musha Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Dolan Moni
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 017, India
| | - Rimi Mukherjee
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittanranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 026, India
| | - Gaurav Das
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittanranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 026, India
| | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittanranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 026, India
| | - Mahammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
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7
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Mallick Ganguly O, Moulik S. Interactions of Mn complexes with DNA: the relevance of therapeutic applications towards cancer treatment. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:10639-10656. [PMID: 37475585 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00659j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the most significant bio-metals that helps the body to form connective tissue, bones, blood clotting factors, and sex hormones. It is necessary for fat and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium absorption, blood sugar regulation, and normal brain and nerve functions. It accelerates the synthesis of proteins, vitamin C, and vitamin B. It is also involved in the catalysis of hematopoiesis, regulation of the endocrine level, and improvement of immune function. Again, Mn metalloenzymes like arginase, glutamine synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvate decarboxylase, and Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) contribute to the metabolism processes and reduce oxidative stress against free radicals. Recent investigations have revealed that synthetic Mn-complexes act as antibacterial and antifungal agents. As a result, chemists and biologists have been actively involved in developing Mn-based drugs for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. Therefore, any therapeutic drugs based on manganese complexes would be invaluable for the treatment of cancer/infectious diseases and could be a better substitute for cisplatin and other related platinum based chemotherapeutic drugs. From this perspective, attempts have been made to discuss the interactions and nuclease activities of Mn(II/III/IV) complexes with DNA through which one can evaluate their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishi Mallick Ganguly
- St Xavier's College, 30, Park St, Mullick Bazar, Park Street area, Kolkata, West Bengal 700016, India
| | - Shuvojit Moulik
- Suraksha Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, Newtown 12/1, Premises No. 02-0327, DG Block(Newtown), Action Area 1D, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700156, India.
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8
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Del Pino JMV, Scalambra F, Bermejo-Casadesús C, Massaguer A, García-Maroto F, Romerosa A. Study of the biological activity of photoactive bipyridyl-Ru(II) complexes containing 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA). J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112291. [PMID: 37352655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The water-soluble ruthenium complex cis-[Ru(dcbpyH)2(PTAH)2]Cl2·3H2O (1) (dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine; PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) has been synthesized and characterised by NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of 1 were studied, including photoactivation under visible light, as well as its biological properties, together with those of the previously published Ru complexes cis-[Ru(bpy)2(PTA)2]Cl2 (2), trans-[Ru(bpy)2(PTA)2](CF3SO3)2 (3) and cis-[Ru(bpy)2(H2O)(PTA)](CF3SO3)2 (4) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Anticancer activities of the complexes against human lung (A549), cervical (HeLa) and prostate (PC3) carcinoma cells were evaluated under dark conditions and upon photoactivation with visible light. None of the complexes exhibited cytotoxic activity in the absence of light irradiation (IC50 > 100 μM). However, after photoactivation, the cytotoxicity of complexes 1, 2 and 3 against the three cell lines markedly increased, resulting in IC50 values between 25.3 μM and 9.3 μM. Notably, these complexes did not show toxicity against red blood cells. These findings show the potential of complexes 1, 2 and, particularly, 3 for selective and controlled cancer photochemotherapy. The reactivity of the Ru complexes against DNA under UV-Vis irradiation was studied by analysing plasmid mobility. Experimental data shows that 4 unfolds supercoiled DNA (SC DNA) both in the dark and under visible irradiation, while 1 and 3 are only active under light, being 2 inactive in either case. The unfolding activities of complexes 3 and 4 were dependent on the air present in the reaction. The measured intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation with complexes 1, 2 and 3 suggest that their mechanism of action is related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franco Scalambra
- Área de Química Inorgánica-CIESOL, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Romerosa
- Área de Química Inorgánica-CIESOL, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
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9
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Prabaharan R, Rengan R, Thangavel SK, Małecki JG. Exploration of Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptosis Induction of New Nickel(II) Complexes Encompassing Carbazole Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12584-12591. [PMID: 37033823 PMCID: PMC10077545 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To attest the effectiveness of nickel complexes as anticancer drug candidates with minimum side effects, the present investigation describes the facile synthesis and anticancer activities of nickel(II) complexes enriched with three derivatives of carbazolone-based benzhydrazone ligands(L) having a [Ni(L)2] composition. Analytical and spectral techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Ni(II) complexes. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction performed for complex 4 confirmed the square planar geometry with a [Ni(κ2-N,O-L)2] arrangement. The MTT assay was carried out for the complexes to determine in vitro cytotoxicity against cancerous human-cervical carcinoma, human-colon carcinoma, and non-cancerous L929 (fibroblast) cells. All three complexes exhibited good toxicity against the cancer cells with a low IC50 concentration. Complex 4, containing -OCH3 fragment, exhibits high lipophilicity and revealed exceptional cytotoxicity against cancer cells. AO-EB fluorescent staining indicated apoptosis-associated cell morphological changes after exposure to complex 4. The apoptosis induction was further confirmed by a HOECHST-33342 fluorescent staining technique via chromosomal condensation and nuclear fragmentation. Further, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) mechanistic studies revealed that complex 4 can raise ROS levels and reduce MMP and promote mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptotic cell death. Further, stimulation of late apoptosis by complex 4 in cervical cancer cells was quantitatively differentiated through the staining of phosphatidylserine externalization by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the ELISA analysis confirmed that complex 4 induced apoptosis through caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Prabaharan
- Centre
for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre
for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Sathiya Kamatchi Thangavel
- Centre
for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Department
of Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-006, Poland
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10
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Organometallic Iridium Complexes with Glucose Based Phosphite Ligands. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
New organometallic iridium compounds with phosphorus modified glucose ligands containing isopropylidene protection group or bearing uracil, thymine, and 5-fluorouracil (3,5,6-bicyclophosphite-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranoside, 3,5,6-bicyclophosphite-1-β-D-glucofuranosyluracil, 3,5,6-bicyclophosphite-1-β-D-glucofuranosylthymine, 3,5,6-bicyclophosphite-1-β-D-glucofuranosyl-5-flurouracil) were prepared. The structure of the new complexes was confirmed by the spectroscopic technique (1H, 31P{1H} NMR) and mass spectrometry, and purity by elemental analysis. The molecular structure of the complex with the isopropylidene protection group was established by the X-ray analysis. The antiproliferative activity of the new iridium compounds was evaluated against several cancer cell lines of human origin, and all compounds showed low toxicity independent of the pyrimidine base nature, attached to the sugar unit.
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11
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Abaspour S, Soltani B, Hamishehkar H, Hossaini Sadr M. Ruthenium (II) Complexes Based on Phenanthroline-Tetrazole as Possible Anticancer Agents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e136738. [PMID: 38116569 PMCID: PMC10728843 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-136738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background The development of platinum-based metal complexes in oncology is limited due to vigorous toxicity and drug resistance. Objectives This work aimed to study the cytotoxic activity and apoptosis induction of ruthenium complexes in a B16F10 cell line therapy. Methods We prepared a series of innovative Ru(II) complexes [Ru(Tzphen)(bpy)(dcbpy)]+2 (S1), [Ru(dcbpy)2(Tzphen)]+2 (S2), [Ru(Phen)2(Tzphen)]+2 (S3), [Ru(Tzphen)(bpy)2]+2 (S4), [Ru(dmbpy)2(Tzphen)]+2 (S5) based on 1,10-phenanthroline ligand containing tetrazole and their anticancer properties investigated by cytotoxicity in vitro, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis with annexin V/PI staining method, autophagy, and cell uptake. Results S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5 complexes showed comparable cytotoxicity activity relative to cisplatin against the B16F10 model. Moreover, intracellular ROS levels increased due to the presence of the complexes. Among the investigated complexes, the cells treated with the S5 complex indicated the highest apoptotic percentage (Q3) of 14.9% compared to the controls. The cell adsorption of the complexes also showed that the S4 and S5 complexes had higher cell adsorption, better internalization, and higher fluorescence light intensity. Conclusions The present work provides important guidance for designing and using Ru complexes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Abaspour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Soltani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Moayad Hossaini Sadr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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New Au(III)- and Fe(III)-based complexes of bio-pharmacological interest: DFT and in silico studies. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Mansouri F, Ortiz D, Dyson PJ. Competitive binding studies of the nucleosomal histone targeting drug, [Ru(η 6-p-cymene)Cl 2(pta)] (RAPTA-C), with oligonucleotide-peptide mixtures. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112043. [PMID: 36370502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein crystallography and biochemical assays reveal that the organometallic drug, [Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2(pta)] (RAPTA-C), preferentially binds to nucleosomal histone proteins in chromatin. To better understand the binding mechanism we report here a mass spectrometric-based competitive binding study between a model peptide from the acidic patch region of the H2A histone protein (the region where RAPTA-C is known to bind) and an oligonucleotide. In contrast to the protein crystallography and biochemical assays, RAPTA-C preferentially binds to the oligonucleotide, confirming that steric factors, rather than electronic effects, primarily dictate binding of RAPTA-C to histone proteins within the nucleosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farangis Mansouri
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Daniel Ortiz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
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14
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Synthesis, Structure, and Hydrolytic Activation of Ruthenium (III)-Pyrazole Complex. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4056110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of water-soluble mer-[RuCl3(DMSO-S) (pyz)2] 2 prepared by the reaction of mer-RuCl3(DMSO-S)31 with pyrazole in anhydrous CH2Cl2. Compound 2 was characterized by IR and UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT calculations. The X-ray diffraction analysis disclosed that compound 2 has two independent molecules present in the asymmetric unit with different conformations for one of the pyrazoles and different hydrogen bonding. The DFT calculations suggest the structure-activity relationship and hydrolytic activity of these complexes.
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15
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Hu X, Guo L, Liu M, Zhang Q, Gong Y, Sun M, Feng S, Xu Y, Liu Y, Liu Z. Increasing Anticancer Activity with Phosphine Ligation in Zwitterionic Half-Sandwich Iridium(III), Rhodium(III), and Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20008-20025. [PMID: 36426422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological assessment of neutral or cationic platinum group metal-based anticancer complexes have been extremely studied, whereas there are few reports on the corresponding zwitterionic complexes. Herein, the synthesis, characterization, and bioactivity of zwitterionic half-sandwich phosphine-imine iridium(III), rhodium(III), and ruthenium(II) complexes were presented. The sulfonated phosphine-imine ligand and a group of zwitterionic half-sandwich P,N-chelating organometallic complexes were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrum (electrospray ionization, ESI), elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The solution stability of these complexes and their spectral properties were also determined. Notably, almost all of these complexes showed enhanced anticancer activity against model HeLa and A549 cancer cells than the corresponding zwitterionic pyridyl-imine N,N-chelating iridium(III) and ruthenium(II) complexes, which have exhibited inactive or low active in our previous work. The increase in the lipophilic property and intracellular uptake levels of these zwitterionic P,N-chelating complexes appeared to be associated with their superior cytotoxicity. In addition, these complexes showed biomolecular interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The flow cytometry studies indicated that the representative complex Ir1 could induce early-stage apoptosis in A549 cells. Further, confocal microscopy imaging analysis displayed that Ir1 entered A549 cells through the energy-dependent pathway, targeted lysosome, and could cause lysosomal damage. In particular, these complexes could impede cell migration in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Qiuya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yuwen Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Shenghan Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Youzhi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
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16
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Shahin R, Yousefi M, Ziyadi H, Bikhof M, Hekmati M. pH-Responsive and magnetic Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2@PEI nanocomposite as drug nanocarrier: Loading and release study of Imatinib. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Amarsy I, Papot S, Gasser G. Stimuli‐Responsive Metal Complexes for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205900. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Amarsy
- Chimie ParisTech PSL University, CNRS Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Sébastien Papot
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) Université de Poitiers, CNRS Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech PSL University, CNRS Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
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18
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Sonkar C, Sarkar S, Malviya N, Kuznetsov ML, Mukhopadhyay S. Recognition and mechanistic investigation of anion sensing by ruthenium(II) arene complexes and bio-imaging application. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13071-13084. [PMID: 35972307 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, four new ruthenium complexes [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(L1)Cl] 1, [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(L2)Cl] 2, [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(L3)Cl] 3 and [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(L4)Cl] 4 [HL1 = (2-cyanophenyl)glycine; HL2 = (5-chloro-2-cyanophenyl)glycine; HL3 = (2-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)glycine; HL4 = (4-cyanophenyl)glycine] were synthesized and well characterized by several spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Complexes 1 and 3 were found to be fluorescent in most of the solvents; however, 2 and 4 were found to be fluorescent mostly in EtOAc, DMF and ethanol. Amongst these four complexes, 3 has shown selective sensing against CO32- and SO42- anions by quenching of fluorescence. The LOD values are found to be in the sub-micromolar range. Investigations of the sensing mechanism performed by computation and NMR studies indicate a possible adduct formation between the NH group of the ligand and the anion(s) through hydrogen bond formation, which ultimately might lead to proton transfer to the bi-negative anion. The quantum yield of the complex 3 was found to decrease on addition of CO32- and SO42- anions from 0.46 to 0.13 and 0.12, respectively. The Job's plot indicates the binding between the probe and anion in a 1 : 1 ratio for both CO32- and SO42- anions. Along with that, all the complexes were found to be biocompatible when tested against several cell lines showing very high IC50 values. It can also be observed that 1 is capable of penetrating within the cells and can act as a cell imaging agent showing fluorescence, and thus can be used for bio-imaging purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sonkar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Sayantan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India.
| | - Novina Malviya
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Maxim L Kuznetsov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India.
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19
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Gupta A, Das R, Chamoli A, Choithramani A, Kumar H, Patel S, Khude D, Bothra G, Wangdale K, Ghosh Chowdhury M, Rathod R, Mandoli A, Shard A. A Series of Ferrocene-Containing Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines Induce a Strong Antiproliferative Effect against Oral Cancer Cells. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Astha Gupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Rudradip Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Ambika Chamoli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Asmita Choithramani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hansal Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Sagarkumar Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Datta Khude
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Gourav Bothra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Khushal Wangdale
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Rajeshwari Rathod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research−Ahmedabad, Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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20
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Mohan B, Estalayo-Adrián S, Umadevi D, la Cour Poulsen B, Blasco S, McManus GJ, Gunnlaugsson T, Shanmugaraju S. Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Studies of a p-Cymene-Ru(II)-Curcumin Organometallic Conjugate Based on a Fluorescent 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's Base Scaffold. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11592-11599. [PMID: 35857283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A unique V-shaped "chiral" supramolecular scaffold, N-(4-pyridyl)-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base (TBNap), was synthesized in good yield from a precursor N-(4-pyridyl)-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (Nap). TBNap was characterized using different spectroscopic methods and the molecular structure was elucidated by diffraction analysis. A new p-cymene-Ru(II)-curcumin conjugate (TB-Ru-Cur) was designed by reacting TBNap dipyridyl donor and ruthenium-curcuminato acceptor [RuCur = (p-cymene)Ru-(curcuminato)Cl] in the presence of silver triflate. TB-Ru-Cur was isolated in quantitative yield and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), NMR (1H, 13C, and 19F), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the molecular structure has been predicted using a computational study. Both TBNap and TB-Ru-Cur exhibited intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-based fluorescence emission. Furthermore, the anticancer properties of TBNap, Ru-Cur, and TB-Ru-Cur were assessed in different cancer cell lines. Gratifyingly, the conjugate TB-Ru-Cur displayed fast-cellular internalization and good cytotoxicity against HeLa, HCT-116, and HepG2 cancer cells and the estimated IC50 value was much lower than that of the precursors (TBNap and Ru-Cur) and the well-known chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binduja Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | - Sandra Estalayo-Adrián
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Deivasigamani Umadevi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | - Bjørn la Cour Poulsen
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Salvador Blasco
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Gavin J McManus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
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21
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Morais TS, Marques F, Madeira PJA, Robalo MP, Garcia MH. Design and Anticancer Properties of New Water-Soluble Ruthenium–Cyclopentadienyl Complexes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070862. [PMID: 35890160 PMCID: PMC9321894 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes are emerging as one of the most promising classes of complexes for cancer therapy. However, their limited aqueous solubility may be the major limitation to their potential clinical application. In view and to contribute to the progress of this field, eight new water-soluble Ru(II) organometallic complexes of general formula [RuCp(mTPPMS)n(L)] [CF3SO3], where mTPPMS = diphenylphosphane-benzene-3-sulfonate, for n = 2, L is an imidazole-based ligand (imidazole, 1-benzylimidazole, 1-butylimidazole, (1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole), and (1-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole)), and for n = 1, L is a bidentate heteroaromatic ligand (2-benzoylpyridine, (di(2-pyridyl)ketone), and (1,2-(2-pyridyl)benzo-[b]thiophene)) were synthesized and characterized. The new complexes were fully characterized by NMR, FT-IR, UV–vis., ESI-HRMS, and cyclic voltammetry, which confirmed all the proposed molecular structures. The antiproliferative potential of the new Ru(II) complexes was evaluated on MDAMB231 breast adenocarcinoma, A2780 ovarian carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, showing micromolar (MDAMB231 and HT29) and submicromolar (A2780) IC50 values. The interaction of complex 6 with human serum albumin (HSA) and fatty-acid-free human serum albumin (HSAfaf) was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, and the results revealed that the ruthenium complex strongly quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of albumin in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia S. Morais
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (T.S.M.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | | | - Maria Paula Robalo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Maria Helena Garcia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (T.S.M.); (M.H.G.)
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22
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Amarsy I, Papot S, Gasser G. Stimuli‐Responsive Metal Complexes for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Amarsy
- Chimie ParisTech - PSL: Ecole nationale superieure de chimie de Paris PSL University FRANCE
| | - Sébastien Papot
- Université de Poitiers: Universite de Poitiers Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) FRANCE
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Universite PSL Chimie ParisTech 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris FRANCE
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Komarnicka UK, Kozieł S, Skórska-Stania A, Kyzioł A, Tisato F. Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and antiproliferative activity of phosphino Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8605-8617. [PMID: 35615959 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis of new complexes based on ruthenium(II) (Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (RuPOH) and Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (RuMPOH)) and iridium(III) (Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (IrMPOH) and Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (IrPOH)) containing phosphine ligands with/without methoxy motifs on phenyl rings (P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (MPOH) and PPh2CH2OH (POH)). The complexes were characterized by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy (1D: 1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H} and 2D: HMQC, HMBC, and COSY NMR) and elemental analysis. All the complexes were structurally identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes have a typical piano-stool geometry with an η6-coordinated arene (RuII complexes) or η5-coordinated (IrIII compounds) and three additional sites of ligation occupied by two chloride ligands and the phosphine ligand. Oxidation of NADH to NAD+ with high efficiency was catalyzed by complexes containing P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (IrMPOH and RuMPOH). The catalytic property might have important future applications in biological and medical fields like production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the redox activity of the complexes was confirmed by cyclic voltamperometry. Biochemical assays demonstrated the ability of Ir(III) and Ru(II) complexes to induce significant cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that RuPOH and RuMPOH selectively inhibit the proliferation of skin cancer cells (WM266-4; IC50, after 24 h: av. 48.3 μM; after 72 h: av. 10.2 μM) while Ir(III) complexes were found to be moderate against prostate cancer cells (DU145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula K Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Sandra Kozieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | - Agnieszka Kyzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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24
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Hydrolytically stable organometallic ruthenium complexes with glucose-based phosphite ligands. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Reetu R, Gujjarappa R, Malakar CC. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Medicinal Evaluation of 1,2‐Benzothiazine Analogues. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Reetu
- National Institute of Technology Manipur Chemistry INDIA
| | | | - Chandi C Malakar
- National Institute of Technology Manipur Department of Chemistry Langol, Imphal 795004 Imphal INDIA
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26
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Guler S, Kayali HA, Sadan EO, Sen B, Subasi E. Half-Sandwich Arene Ruthenium(II) Thiosemicarbazone Complexes: Evaluation of Anticancer Effect on Primary and Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:882756. [PMID: 35620291 PMCID: PMC9128756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.882756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activity of three organo-ruthenium(II) half-sandwich complexes [RuCl(η6-p-cym)(N,S-L)]Cl (I, II, and III). To form these complexes, three thiosemicarbazone ligands (TSCs) were synthesized; L = 5-nitro-2-carboxyaldehyde-thiophen-N-methyl-thiosemicarbazone, (L1); 2-acetyl-5-bromo-thiophen-N-methyl-thiosemicarbazone, (L2) and 2-acetyl-5-bromo-thiophen-N,N-dimethyl-thiosemicarbazone, (L3). The isolated compounds were analyzed using spectroscopic techniques such as elemental analysis, conductance measurements, FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and single-crystal XRD. Our results demonstrated that the synthesized thiosemicarbazone ligands (TSCs) are bound to the metal ion as a bidentate ligand that coordinates through the thiocarbonyl sulfur and azomethine nitrogen atoms in all complexes (I, II, and III). The X-ray crystal structures of L1 and L2 revealed that both compounds are crystallized in the triclinic crystal system with space group P-1. The biological potency of newly synthesized TSC ligands (L1, L2, and L3) and their corresponding ruthenium complexes (I, II, and III) were investigated on human primary ovarian (A2780) and human metastatic ovarian (OVCAR-3) cell lines. To get detailed information respecting antitumor properties, cytotoxicity, DNA/BSA binding affinity, cellular uptake, DNA binding competition, and trans-epithelial resistance measurement assays were performed. Our results demonstrate that newly synthesized ruthenium(II) complexes possess potential biological activity. Moreover, we observe that the ruthenium complexes reported here show anticancer activity on primary (A2780) and metastatic (OVCAR-3) ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seminay Guler
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ayar Kayali
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Egemen Orkun Sadan
- Institute of Science and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Betul Sen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Subasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Zmejkovski BB, Pantelić NĐ, Kaluđerović GN. Palladium(II) complexes: Structure, development and cytotoxicity from cisplatin analogues to chelating ligands with N stereocenters. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Li W, Wu X, Liu H, Shi C, Yuan Y, Bai L, Liao X, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity and antitumor activity in vivo of iridium(III) complexes liposomes targeting endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 233:111868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Construction of emissive ruthenium(II) metallacycle over 1000 nm wavelength for in vivo biomedical applications. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2009. [PMID: 35422104 PMCID: PMC9010459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Ru(II)-based agents are expected to be promising candidates for substituting Pt-drug, their in vivo biomedical applications are still limited by the short excitation/emission wavelengths and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency. Herein, we rationally design a Ru(II) metallacycle with excitation at 808 nm and emission over 1000 nm, namely Ru1085, which holds deep optical penetration (up to 6 mm) and enhanced chemo-phototherapy activity. In vitro studies indicate that Ru1085 exhibits prominent cell uptake and desirable anticancer capability against various cancer cell lines, especially for cisplatin-resistant A549 cells. Further studies reveal Ru1085 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis along with S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Finally, Ru1085 shows precise NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided and long-term monitored chemo-phototherapy against A549 tumor with minimal side effects. We envision that the design of long-wavelength emissive metallacycle will offer emerging opportunities of metal-based agents for in vivo biomedical applications. Ruthenium (Ru(II)) compounds are of interest as platinum drug replacements but have suffered from suboptimal therapeutic efficiency. Here, the authors design a Ru(II) metallacycle with NIR excitation and emission wavelengths and demonstrate application for deep tumour imaging and chemo-photo therapy.
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RuII and RuIII complexes with imidazole ligands containing (benzyloxy)pyridinone moiety. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Sonkar C, Sarkar S, Mukhopadhyay S. Ruthenium(ii)-arene complexes as anti-metastatic agents, and related techniques. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:22-38. [PMID: 35224494 PMCID: PMC8792825 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of cisplatin, a vast area of applications of metallodrugs in cancer treatment was opened but due to the side effects caused by the cisplatin complexes, researchers began to look for alternatives with similar anticancer properties but fewer side effects. Ruthenium was found to be a promising candidate, considering its significant anticancer properties and low side effects. Several ruthenium complexes, viz. NAMI-A, KP1019, KP1339, and TLD1433, have entered clinical trials. Some other arene ruthenium complexes such as RM175 and RAPTA-C have also entered clinical trials but very few of them have shown anti-metastatic properties. Herein, we provide information and probable mechanistic pathways for ruthenium(ii)-arene complexes that have been studied, so far, for their anti-metastatic activities. Also, we discuss the techniques and their significance for determining the anti-metastatic effects of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sonkar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 MP India
| | - Sayantan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 MP India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 MP India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 MP India
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32
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Upadhyay A, Kundu P, Ramu V, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. BODIPY-Tagged Platinum(II) Curcumin Complexes for Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Red Light PDT. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1335-1348. [PMID: 34990135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
[Pt(RB)(Cur)]NO3 (RBC), [Pt(IRB)(Cur)]NO3 (IRBC), and [Pt(L)(Cur)]NO3 (PBC), where HCur is curcumin, L is 1-benzyl-2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole, and RB and IRB are red-light-active non-iodo and diiodo-BODIPY tagged to L, respectively, were synthesized and characterized, and their anticancer activities were studied (BODIPY, boron-dipyrromethene). RBC and IRBC displayed BODIPY-centered absorption bands within 615-635 nm along with the respective curcumin bands at 445 and 492 nm in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS). Emission bands were observed at 723 and 845 nm for RBC and IRBC, respectively, in 10% DMSO-DPBS. RBC (ΦΔ, 0.27) and IRBC (ΦΔ, 0.40) generated singlet oxygen in red light (λ = 642 nm) as evidenced from 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) titrations. The formation of 1O2 from BODIPY and HO• from the curcumin was evidenced from the mechanistic pUC19 DNA photocleavage studies. The BODIPY complexes showed photocytotoxicity in A549, HeLa, and MDA-MB-231 cells while being less toxic in the dark [IC50: 1.3-6.9 μM, red light; 7.2-12.8 μM, 400-700 nm visible light]. The emissive RBC displayed localization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Apoptotic cell death was evidenced from the Annexin-V/fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) assay and green fluorescence in red light in the Fluo-4 AM assay due to ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction was evidenced from the 5,5,6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) assay in A549 cells.
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Raičević V, Radulović N, Sakač M. Toward Selective Anticancer Agents: Ferrocene‐Steroid Conjugates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidak Raičević
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3 21000 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics University of Niš Višegradska 33 18000 Niš Serbia
| | - Marija Sakač
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3 21000 Novi Sad Serbia
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Bera B, Mondal S, Gharami S, Naskar R, Das Saha K, Mondal TK. Palladium( ii) and platinum( ii) complexes with ONN donor pincer ligand: synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01894b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes with ONN donor pincer ligand are synthesized. Antiproliferative activity of the complexes is explored towards HCT116, HepG2, MCF-7 and A549 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Sanchaita Mondal
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700 032, India
| | - Saswati Gharami
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Rahul Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700 032, India
| | - Tapan K. Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
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Dkhar L, Gupta H, Poluri KM, Gannon PM, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. Influence of counterions on the formation of supramolecular platinum group metal complexes containing pyridyl thioamide derivatives: antioxidant and antimicrobial studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of half-sandwich metal thioamide derivative complexes exhibiting interesting coordination modes in the presence of counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln Dkhar
- Center for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India
| | - Hrishikesh Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Paige M. Gannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mohan Rao Kollipara
- Center for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Selvam P, De S, Paira P, Kumar SKA, Kumar R S, Moorthy A, Ghosh A, Kuo YC, Banerjee S, Jenifer SK. In vitro studies on the selective cytotoxic effect of luminescent Ru( ii)- p-cymene complexes of imidazo-pyridine and imidazo quinoline ligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17263-17276. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Ru(ii) complexes have gained high importance in medicinal chemistry due to their significant anti-cancer activities, which are directly related to their DNA binding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravinkumar Selvam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sourav De
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102, Republic of China
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. K. Ashok Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selva Kumar R
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Chennai – 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbalagan Moorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arjita Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102, Republic of China
| | - Subhasis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences. Asansol-713301, West Bengal, India
| | - Shantha Kumar Jenifer
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600 036, India
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Scattolin T, Valente G, Luzietti L, Piva M, Demitri N, Lampronti I, Gambari R, Visentin F. Synthesis and anticancer activity of Pt(0)‐olefin complexes bearing 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane and
N
‐heterocyclic carbene ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Giorgia Valente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Lara Luzietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie Università degli Studi di Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Michele Piva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park Elettra–Sincrotrone Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie Università degli Studi di Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie Università degli Studi di Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia‐Mestre Italy
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Udvardy A, Joó F, Kathó Á. Synthesis and catalytic applications of Ru(II)-phosphaurotropine complexes with the use of simple water-soluble Ru(II)-precursors. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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40
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Steel TR, Walsh F, Wieczorek-Błauż A, Hanif M, Hartinger CG. Monodentately-coordinated bioactive moieties in multimodal half-sandwich organoruthenium anticancer agents. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Małecka M, Skoczyńska A, Goodman DM, Hartinger CG, Budzisz E. Biological properties of ruthenium(II)/(III) complexes with flavonoids as ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Characterization and Separation of Platinum-Based Antineoplastic Drugs by Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)–Tandem Mass Spectrometry, and Its Application in Surface Wipe Sampling. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8050069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (PtADs) are among the most important and used families of chemotherapy drugs, which, even showing severe side effects and being hindered by drug resistance, are not likely to be replaced clinically any time soon. The growing interest in the occupational health community in antineoplastic drug (AD) surface contamination requires the development of increasingly fast and easy high-throughput monitoring methods, even considering the lack of harmonized legally binding regulation criteria. Thus, a wipe sampling method together with zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC-Z)–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis was developed for the simultaneous evaluation of oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and carboplatin surface contaminations. A design of experiments approach was used to optimize the chromatographic conditions. Limits of quantification ranging from 2 to 5 ng/mL were obtained from interday and intraday repetitions for oxaliplatin and carboplatin, and between 170 and 240 ng/mL for cisplatin. The wipe desorption procedure is equivalent to other AD sampling methods, enabling a fast sample preparation, with an LC-MS/MS analysis time of less than 7 min.
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43
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Vyas KM, Sharma D, Magani SKJ, Mobin SM, Mukhopadhyay S. In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity and antimetastatic properties of novel arene ruthenium(II)‐tetrazolato compounds on human cancer cell lines. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Komal M. Vyas
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 India
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 India
| | - Deepu Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
| | - Sri Krishna Jayadev Magani
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 India
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Sonkar C, Malviya N, Sinha N, Mukherjee A, Pakhira S, Mukhopadhyay S. Selective anticancer activities of ruthenium(II)-tetrazole complexes and their mechanistic insights. Biometals 2021; 34:795-812. [PMID: 33900532 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based metallotherapeutics is an interesting alternative for platinum complexes acting as anticancer agents after the entry of KP1019, NAMI-A, and TLD1339 in clinical trials. Herein, we have synthesized three new arene ruthenium(II)-tetrazole complexes viz. [Ru2(η6-p-cymene)2(2-pytz)2Cl2] (1), [Ru2(η6-p-cymene)2(3-pytz)Cl3] (2), [Ru2(η6-p-cymene)2(4-pytz)Cl3] (3) [2-pytzH = 2-pyridyl tetrazole; 3-pytzH = 3-pyridyl tetrazole; 4-pytzH = 4-pyridyl tetrazole] which have been characterized by different analytical techniques. To aid the understanding of the complex formation, reactions of the arene ruthenium(II) dimer with tetrazoles were investigated using the first principles-based Density Functional Theory (DFT) B3LYP method. Electronic structures, equilibrium geometries of the reactants and products with the first-order saddle points, reactions mechanism, the changes of enthalpy (∆H) and free energy (∆G), chemical stability, and reaction barriers of the complexes were computed using the B3LYP DFT approach. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these complexes was investigated by MTT assay on different cancer cell lines which reveal complex 2 as the most significant cytotoxic agent toward the HeLa cell line. The complexes have also shown a strong binding affinity towards CT-DNA and albumin proteins (HSA and BSA) as analyzed through spectroscopic techniques. Investigation of the mechanism of cell death by complex 2 was further performed by various staining techniques, flow cytometry, and gene expression analysis by RT-PCR. Inhibition of cell migration study has been also revealed the possibility of complex 2 to act as a prospective anti-metastatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sonkar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, MP, 453552, India
| | - Novina Malviya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, MP, 453552, India
| | - Nilima Sinha
- Department of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science (MEMS), School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, MP, 453552, India
| | - Attreyee Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Ananda Mohan College, Kolkata, WB, 700 009, India
| | - Srimanta Pakhira
- Department of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science (MEMS), School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, MP, 453552, India.
- Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, MP, 453552, India.
- Centre for Advanced Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, MP, 453552, India.
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, MP, 453552, India.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, MP, 453552, India.
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Karges J, Tharaud M, Gasser G. Polymeric Encapsulation of a Ru(II)-Based Photosensitizer for Folate-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Drug Resistant Cancers. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4612-4622. [PMID: 33818111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The currently used photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizers (PSs) are generally associated with a poor cancer cell selectivity, which is responsible for some undesirable side effects. To overcome these problems, there is an urgent need for a selective drug delivery system for PDT PSs. Herein, the encapsulation of a promising Ru(II) polypyridine complex in a polymer with terminal folate groups to form nanoparticles is presented. While the Ru(II) complex itself has a cytotoxic effect in the dark, the encapsulation is able to overcome this drawback. Upon light exposure, the nanoparticles were found to be highly phototoxic in 2D monolayer cells as well as 3D multicellular tumor spheroids upon 480 or 595 nm irradiation. Importantly, the nanoparticles demonstrated a high selectivity for cancerous cells over noncancerous cells and were found to be active in drug resistant cancer cells lines, indicating that they are able to overcome drug resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France
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Protein interaction and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of newly designed palladium (II) nitrate complexes: spectrochemical, theoretical and biological assessments. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Replacing the Z-phenyl Ring in Tamoxifen ® with a para-Connected NCN Pincer-Pt-Cl Grouping by Post-Modification †. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071888. [PMID: 33810499 PMCID: PMC8038112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-modification of a series of NCN-pincer platinum(II) complexes [PtX(NCN-R-4)] (NCN = [C6H2(CH2NMe2)2-2,6]–, R = C(O)H, C(O)Me and C(O)Et), X = Cl– or Br–) at the para-position using the McMurry reaction was studied. The synthetic route towards two new [PtCl(NCN-R-4)] (R = C(O)Me and C(O)Et) complexes used above is likewise described. The utility and limitations of the McMurry reaction involving these pincer complexes was systematically evaluated. The predicted “homo-coupling” reaction of [PtBr(NCN-C(O)H-4)] led to the unexpected formation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetra[(dimethylamino)methyl]-4,4′-bis(platinum halide)-benzophenone (halide = Br or Cl), referred to hereafter as the bispincer-benzophenone complex 13. This material was further characterized using X-ray crystal structure determination. The applicability of the pincer complexes in the McMurry reaction is shown to open a route towards the synthesis of tamoxifen-type derivatives of which one phenyl ring of Tamoxifen® itself is replaced by an NCN arylplatinum pincer fragment. The newly synthesized derivatives can be used as potential candidates in anti-cancer drug screening protocols. Two NCN-arylpincer platinum tamoxifen type derivatives, 5 and 6, were successfully synthesized and of 5 the separation of the diastereomeric E-/Z-forms was achieved. Compound 6, which is the pivaloyl protected NCN pincer platinum hydroxy-Tamoxifen® derivative, was obtained as a mixture of E-/Z-isomers. The new derivatives were further analyzed and characterized with 1H-, 13C{1H}- and 195Pt{1H}-NMR, IR, exact mass MS and elemental analysis.
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Halevas E, Mitrakas A, Mavroidi B, Athanasiou D, Gkika P, Antoniou K, Samaras G, Lialiaris E, Hatzidimitriou A, Pantazaki A, Koukourakis M, Sagnou M, Pelecanou M, Lialiaris T. Structurally characterized copper-chrysin complexes display genotoxic and cytotoxic activity in human cells. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Srivastava P, Verma M, Kumar A, Srivastava P, Mishra R, Sivakumar S, Patra AK. Luminescent naphthalimide-tagged ruthenium(ii)–arene complexes: cellular imaging, photocytotoxicity and transferrin binding. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3629-3640. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02967j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two luminescent ruthenium(ii)–arene complexes containing a naphthalimide tagged morpholine moiety were studied for their biomaging, transferrin-binding and phototherapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Madhu Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Anmol Kumar
- School of Pharmacy
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Center
- University of Maryland
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Ramranjan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Ashis K. Patra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
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Petrović AZ, Ćoćić DC, Bockfeld D, Živanović M, Milivojević N, Virijević K, Janković N, Scheurer A, Vraneš M, Bogojeski JV. Biological activity of bis(pyrazolylpyridine) and terpiridine Os( ii) complexes in the presence of biocompatible ionic liquids. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01540g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New bis(pyrazolylpyridine) Os(ii) complexes showing possible biological activity with diverse modes of action in the presence of biocompatible ionic liquids as non-toxic cosolvents for sparingly soluble complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dušan C. Ćoćić
- University of Kragujevac
- Faculty of Science
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Marko Živanović
- University of Kragujevac
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac
- Department of Science
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Nevena Milivojević
- University of Kragujevac
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac
- Department of Science
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Katarina Virijević
- University of Kragujevac
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac
- Department of Science
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac
- Department of Science
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - Andreas Scheurer
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Milan Vraneš
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Environmental Protection University of Novi Sad
- Faculty of Science
- 21000 Novi Sad
- Serbia
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