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Devadiga D, T N A, S VB, Kumar S. New luminescent ordered liquid crystalline molecules with a 3-cyano-2-pyridone core unit. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8320-8330. [PMID: 36300377 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The self-organized states of liquid crystals (LCs) have recently received a lot of attention because of their various applications, especially in the fields of electron transport materials and optoelectronic devices. In most of these applications, molecules containing a donor-acceptor skeleton have been widely employed and generally these molecular frameworks have been designed mainly on the basis of the donor-acceptor concept. Inspired from this concept, we synthesized a series of new donor-acceptor based luminescent molecules, i.e. 4,6-bis(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (Pn-series), carrying variable alkoxy chains [i.e. n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16]. The structures of the synthesized molecules were confirmed by various spectral analyses. Further, their absorption and emission studies indicated that these molecules show blue light emitting properties. Moreover, the experimentally obtained optical band gap was analogous to the theoretical band gap calculated from the DFT study. The first two members of the Pn-series (n = 8 and 10) are non-mesogens. As the alkyl chain length increased to n = 12 and n = 14, the smectic C phase appeared along with an additional low temperature ordered lamellar phase. When n = 16, the smectic C phase disappeared and the compound exhibited only an ordered lamellar phase. This ordered lamellar phase is mainly due to the face to face alignment which makes these molecules potential candidates for electron transport materials and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Devadiga
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India.
| | - Ahipa T N
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India.
| | - Vanishree Bhat S
- Raman Research Institute, Soft Condensed Matter group, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, Soft Condensed Matter group, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology (NMIT), Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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2
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Ehni P, Bauch SM, Becker PM, Frey W, Zens A, Kästner J, Molard Y, Laschat S. Merging liquid crystalline self-assembly and linear optical properties of merocyanines via tailored donor units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21617-21630. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at merocyanine dyes with good linear optical and self-assembly properties, a series of rigid mono-, bi- and tricyclic merocyanines with O- and N-donor units as well as keto or...
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Malinčík J, Kohout M, Svoboda J, Stulov S, Pociecha D, Böhmová Z, Novotná V. Photochromic spiropyran-based liquid crystals. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pugachev AD, Mukhanov EL, Ozhogin IV, Kozlenko AS, Metelitsa AV, Lukyanov BS. Isomerization and changes of the properties of spiropyrans by mechanical stress: advances and outlook. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Haenle JC, Stöckl Y, Forschner R, Haenle E, Laschat S. Fluorophobic Effect Promoting Lamellar Self-Assembly of Donor Acceptor Dyes. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2758-2767. [PMID: 29999251 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To combine liquid crystalline and linear optical properties in the same molecule, the fluorophobic effect was probed for the first time in donor acceptor dyes. Thus, a series of mono-, bi-, and tricyclic donor acceptor dyes with 1H,1H-perfluorinated alkyl chains of different lengths as donor units and nitrile, malononitrile or barbiturate as acceptor units was synthesized in 5 steps and 1.4-6.6 % overall yield. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations revealed that absorption and emission maxima, Stokes shifts and LUMO energies were mainly governed by the chromophore size and acceptor strengths. The perfluorinated chain was electronically almost decoupled from the remaining chromophore and induced only slight changes of the absorption maxima as compared to the alkyl substituted counterparts. However, in contrast to the non-mesomorphic alkyl donor-substituted derivatives, the perfluorinated donors resulted in self-assembly into partially interdigitated SmA bilayers according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), X-ray diffraction (WAXS, SAXS) studies and electron density profile calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yannick Stöckl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elena Haenle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Cui L, Zhang H, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Fan L, Shi L, Zhang C, Shuang S, Dong C. Substituent effect on the acid-induced isomerization of spiropyran compounds. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 202:13-17. [PMID: 29777929 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spiropyran compounds are well known as an isomeric system, the closed spiropyran (SP) could be converted into the open merocyanine (MC) via acid-induced because stable protonated merocyanine (MCH) were formed by combination of MC and H+. In order to understand how the substituent affect the isomerization of spiropyran. A series of the chromene 7-subsituted spiropyran compounds were designed and synthesized. The photophysical properties of them were studied comparatively by UV-absorption and fluorescence spectra in different pH. The results demonstrated that the various substituents influenced not only the photophysical properties of SP, MC and MCH forms, but also the pKa of the MC-MCH transformation. There was a good linearity relationship between the pKa and the Hammett constant of substituent, the pKa was smaller when the Hammett constant of substituent was larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guomei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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7
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Goossens K, Lava K, Bielawski CW, Binnemans K. Ionic Liquid Crystals: Versatile Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4643-807. [PMID: 27088310 DOI: 10.1021/cr400334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This Review covers the recent developments (2005-2015) in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of thermotropic ionic liquid crystals. It was designed to give a comprehensive overview of the "state-of-the-art" in the field. The discussion is focused on low molar mass and dendrimeric thermotropic ionic mesogens, as well as selected metal-containing compounds (metallomesogens), but some references to polymeric and/or lyotropic ionic liquid crystals and particularly to ionic liquids will also be provided. Although zwitterionic and mesoionic mesogens are also treated to some extent, emphasis will be directed toward liquid-crystalline materials consisting of organic cations and organic/inorganic anions that are not covalently bound but interact via electrostatic and other noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Lava
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Liang T, Wu Y, Tan S, Yang X, Wei B. Enhancing proton conduction via doping of supramolecular liquid crystals (4-alkoxybenzoic acids) with imidazole. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Soberats B, Uchida E, Yoshio M, Kagimoto J, Ohno H, Kato T. Macroscopic Photocontrol of Ion-Transporting Pathways of a Nanostructured Imidazolium-Based Photoresponsive Liquid Crystal. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9552-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5041573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartolome Soberats
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Emi Uchida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshio
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junko Kagimoto
- Department
of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department
of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Aishah Hasbullah S, Rohadi A, Mat Lazim A, Nordin R. Improving the Synthesis of Spiropyran Derivatives Using Microwave Irradiation Method. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Castro PJ, Gómez I, Cossi M, Reguero M. Computational study of the mechanism of the photochemical and thermal ring-opening/closure reactions and solvent dependence in spirooxazines. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8148-58. [PMID: 22708964 DOI: 10.1021/jp3025045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spirooxazine/merocyanine couple constitutes a photochromic system that can change from the colorless spirooxazine to the intensely colored merocyanine by thermal or photochemical activation by a reaction that opens the spiro ring of the oxazine. The mechanisms of the ring-opening/closure reactions that interconnect these two isomers have been elucidated by means of a computational study. First, we have used the CASSCF/CASPT2 method to determine in detail these mechanisms in the gas phase for a small model that contains the photoactive part of the whole system. We have found that the state of spirooxazine excited by the initial absorption changes gradually to a lower excited state that is involved in a conical intersection that connects it with the ground state of merocyanine. The same conical intersection is involved in the backward photochemical reaction. Second, using a larger model that includes all the heteroatoms of the system and using the DFT (B3LYP) method, we have studied the influence of a solvent environment on the thermal equilibrium between the open and the closed species. It has been observed experimentally that the thermal equilibrium between these forms is practically unaltered by polar aprotic solvents, but it can be displaced toward the colored form in mixtures of polar protic and aprotic solvents, even if the first one is found in a very small proportion. To reproduce the experimental environments, we have taken into account the long-range effect of the polar aprotic solvent considering it a polarizable continuum, as done in the PCM method, and the short-range effect of the protic solvent including some explicit water molecules in the cluster studied at the atomic level. The results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental observations and explain the reason for this peculiar behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Castro
- Department de Química Física I Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona-43007, Spain
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Isoda K, Yasuda T, Kato T. Truxene-Based Columnar Liquid Crystals: Self-Assembled Structures and Electro-Active Properties. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:1619-25. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Qiu Z, Yu H, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Spiropyran-linked dipeptide forms supramolecular hydrogel with dual responses to light and to ligand-receptor interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3342-4. [PMID: 19503864 DOI: 10.1039/b822840j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integration of photo-sensitive spiropyran with dipeptide d-Ala-d-Ala in one small molecule resulted in a hydrogelator which can form supramolecular hydrogel with responses not only to light but to ligand-receptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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Kato T, Yasuda T, Kamikawa Y, Yoshio M. Self-assembly of functional columnar liquid crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:729-39. [DOI: 10.1039/b816624b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tan BH, Yoshio M, Watanabe K, Hamasaki A, Ohno H, Kato T. Columnar liquid-crystalline assemblies composed of spiropyran derivatives and sulfonic acids. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Yin S, Li W, Wang J, Wu L. Mesomorphic Structures of Protonated Surfactant-Encapsulated Polyoxometalate Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3983-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710940y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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Tan BH, Yoshio M, Kato T. Induction of Columnar and Smectic Phases for Spiropyran Derivatives: Effects of Acidichromism and Photochromism. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:534-541. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen J, Zeng F, Wu S, Zhao J, Chen Q, Tong Z. Reversible fluorescence modulation through energy transfer with ABC triblock copolymer micelles as scaffolds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5580-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b810677k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tanabe K, Yasuda T, Yoshio M, Kato T. Viologen-based redox-active ionic liquid crystals forming columnar phases. Org Lett 2007; 9:4271-4. [PMID: 17887690 DOI: 10.1021/ol701741e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Viologens possessing three alkoxy chains at each terminal self-organize into columnar liquid-crystalline phases through nanophase segregation and electrostatic interactions. These viologens are redox-active and susceptible to two consecutive electrochemical reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Yoshio M, Ichikawa T, Shimura H, Kagata T, Hamasaki A, Mukai T, Ohno H, Kato T. Columnar Liquid-Crystalline Imidazolium Salts. Effects of Anions and Cations on Mesomorphic Properties and Ionic Conductivities. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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