1
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Schoetz MD, Deckers K, Singh G, Ahrweiler E, Hoeppner A, Schoenebeck F. Electrochemistry-Enabled C-Heteroatom Bond Formation of Alkyl Germanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21257-21263. [PMID: 39058901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Because of their robustness and orthogonal reactivity features, alkyl germanes bear significant potential as functional handles for the construction of C(sp3)-rich scaffolds, especially in the context of modular synthetic approaches. However, to date, only radical-based reactivity has been accessible from these functional handles, which limits the types of possible decorations. Here, we describe the first general C(sp3)-heteroatom bond formation of alkyl germanes (-GeEt3) by leveraging electrochemistry to unlock polar reactivity. This approach allowed us to couple C(sp3)-GeEt3 with a variety of nucleophiles to construct ethers, esters, amines, amides, sulfonamides, sulfides, as well as C-P, C-F, and C-C bonds. The compatibility of the electrochemical approach with a modular synthetic strategy of a C1 motif was also showcased, involving the sequential functionalization of Cl, Bpin, and ultimately GeEt3 via electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric Ahrweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Hoeppner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Kania MJ, Reyes A, Neufeldt SR. Oxidative Addition of (Hetero)aryl (Pseudo)halides at Palladium(0): Origin and Significance of Divergent Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19249-19260. [PMID: 38959060 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Two limiting mechanisms are possible for oxidative addition of (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halides at Pd(0): a 3-centered concerted and a nucleophilic displacement mechanism. Until now, there has been little understanding about when each mechanism is relevant. Prior investigations to distinguish between these pathways were limited to a few specific combinations of the substrate and ligand. Here, we computationally evaluated over 180 transition structures for oxidative addition in order to determine mechanistic trends based on substrate, ligand(s), and coordination number. Natural abundance 13C kinetic isotope effects provide experimental results consistent with computational predictions. Key findings include that (1) differences in highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) symmetries dictate that, although 12e- PdL is strongly biased toward a 3-centered concerted mechanism, 14e- PdL2 often prefers a nucleophilic displacement mechanism; (2) ligand electronics and sterics, including ligand bite angle, influence the preferred mechanism of the reaction at PdL2; (3) phenyl triflate always reacts through a displacement mechanism regardless of the catalyst structure due to the stability of a triflate anion and the inability of oxygen to effectively donate electron density to Pd; and (4) the high reactivity of C-X bonds adjacent to nitrogen in pyridine substrates relates to stereoelectronic stabilization of a nucleophilic displacement transition state. This work has implications for controlling rate and selectivity in catalytic couplings, and we demonstrate application of the mechanistic insight toward chemodivergent cross-couplings of bromochloroheteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kania
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Albert Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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3
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Phulwale V, Shet H, Gunturu KC, Rout SR, Dandela R, Adhav S, Kapdi AR. Cu(II)/PTABS-Promoted, Chemoselective Amination of HaloPyrimidines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9243-9254. [PMID: 38878304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemoselective amination is a highly desired synthetic methodology, given its importance as a possible strategy to synthesize various drug molecules and agrochemicals. We, herein, disclose a highly chemoselective Cu(II)-PTABS-promoted amination of pyrimidine structural feature containing different halogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Phulwale
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Harshita Shet
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - Smruti Rekha Rout
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus , Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus , Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Suyog Adhav
- BASF Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., Plot No 12, Thane Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai 400705, India
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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4
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McGhie L, Marotta A, Loftus PO, Seeberger PH, Funes-Ardoiz I, Molloy JJ. Photogeneration of α-Bimetalloid Radicals via Selective Activation of Multifunctional C1 Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15850-15859. [PMID: 38805091 PMCID: PMC11177267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven strategies that enable the chemoselective activation of a specific bond in multifunctional systems are comparatively underexplored in comparison to transition-metal-based technologies, yet desirable when considering the controlled exploration of chemical space. With the current drive to discover next-generation therapeutics, reaction design that enables the strategic incorporation of an sp3 carbon center, containing multiple synthetic handles for the subsequent exploration of chemical space would be highly enabling. Here, we describe the photoactivation of ambiphilic C1 units to generate α-bimetalloid radicals using only a Lewis base and light source to directly activate the C-I bond. Interception of these transient radicals with various SOMOphiles enables the rapid synthesis of organic scaffolds containing synthetic handles (B, Si, and Ge) for subsequent orthogonal activation. In-depth theoretical and mechanistic studies reveal the prominent role of 2,6-lutidine in forming a photoactive charge transfer complex and in stabilizing in situ generated iodine radicals, as well as the influential role of the boron p-orbital in the activation/weakening of the C-I bond. This simple and efficient methodology enabled expedient access to functionalized 3D frameworks that can be further derivatized using available technologies for C-B and C-Si bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis McGhie
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marotta
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Patrick O. Loftus
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación Química de
la Universidad de La Rioja (IQUR), Universidad
de La Rioja Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, Spain
| | - John J. Molloy
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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5
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Gu C, So CM. Regio- and Chemoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Additive-Free Direct C─H Functionalization of Heterocycles with Chloroaryl Triflates Using Pyrazole-Alkyl Phosphine Ligands. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309192. [PMID: 38482750 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A series of new pyrazole-alkyl phosphine ligands with varying cycloalkyl ring sizes that enable additive-free regio- and chemoselective C─H arylation of heterocycles are reported. Excellent α/β selectivity of various heterocycles such as benzo[b]thiophene, thiophene, furan, benzofuran, and thiazole can be achieved using these ligands, along with excellent chemoselectivity of C─Cl over C─OTf of chloroaryl triflates. Mechanistic studies supported by both experimental findings and density functional theory calculations indicate that the pyrazole phosphine ligands with optimal ring sizes allow the reaction to proceed with a lower energy barrier via a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
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6
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Chillal AS, Bhawale RT, Kshirsagar UA. Regioselective C(sp 2)-H halogenation of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines facilitated by hypervalent iodine(iii) under aqueous and ambient conditions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13095-13099. [PMID: 38655480 PMCID: PMC11036372 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient and mild approach has been developed for the regio-selective direct C3 halogenation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines employing readily available potassium halide salts and a hypervalent iodine(iii) reagent at ambient temperature. The protocol is both practical and environmentally friendly, utilizing water as a green solvent, potassium halides as an inexpensive and bench stable halogen source and PIDA as a non-toxic reagent, enabling clean and efficient halogenation at room temperature. The procedure yields a range of C3 halogenated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of electrophilic substitution mechanism in the halogenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay S Chillal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - Rajesh T Bhawale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - Umesh A Kshirsagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
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7
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Ahrweiler E, Schoetz MD, Singh G, Bindschaedler QP, Sorroche A, Schoenebeck F. Triply Selective & Sequential Diversification at C sp 3: Expansion of Alkyl Germane Reactivity for C-C & C-Heteroatom Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401545. [PMID: 38386517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
We report the triply selective and sequential diversification of a single Csp 3 carbon carrying Cl, Bpin and GeEt3 for the modular and programmable construction of sp3-rich molecules. Various functionalizations of Csp 3-Cl and Csp 3-BPin (e.g. alkylation, arylation, homologation, amination, hydroxylation) were tolerated by the Csp 3-GeEt3 group. Moreover, the methodological repertoire of alkyl germane functionalization was significantly expanded beyond the hitherto known Giese addition and arylation to alkynylation, alkenylation, cyanation, halogenation, azidation, C-S bond formation as well as the first demonstration of stereo-selective functionalization of a Csp 3-[Ge] bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ahrweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Markus D Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Quentin P Bindschaedler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Alba Sorroche
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
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8
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Mamedov VA, Galimullina VR, Qu ZW, Zhu H, Syakaev VV, Shamsutdinova LR, Sergeev MA, Rizvanov IK, Gubaidullin AT, Sinyashin OG, Grimme S. AlCl 3-Promoted Intramolecular Indolinone-Quinolone Rearrangement of Spiro[indoline-3,2'-quinoxaline]-2,3'-diones: Easy Access to Quinolino[3,4- b]quinoxalin-6-ones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38151045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A facile and direct intramolecular indolinone-quinolone rearrangement was developed for the synthesis of quinolino[3,4-b]quinoxalin-6-ones from spiro[indoline-3,2'-quinoxaline]-2,3'-diones, which are readily available with use of isatines, malononitrile, and 1,2-phenylenediamines under quite mild conditions. This efficient approach provides excellent yields and could potentially be used for the construction of a diverse library of quinolino[3,4-b]quinoxalin-6-ones for high-throughput screening in medicinal chemistry. The reaction mechanism is explored by extensive DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakhid A Mamedov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Venera R Galimullina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Victor V Syakaev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Leisan R Shamsutdinova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Sergeev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Il'dar Kh Rizvanov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aidar T Gubaidullin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg G Sinyashin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RFC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Shet H, Gunturu KC, Gharpure SJ, Prasad Kommyreddy S, Gupta KS, Rout SR, Dandela R, Kapdi AR. Cu(II)/PTABS-Promoted, Regioselective S NAr Amination of Polychlorinated Pyrimidines with Mechanistic Understanding. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37486860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective amination of polyhalogenated heteroarenes (especially pyrimidines) has extensive synthetic and commercial relevance for drug synthesis applications but is plagued by the lack of effective synthetic strategies. Herein, we report the Cu(II)/PTABS-promoted highly regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of polychlorinated pyrimidines assisted by DFT predictions of the bond dissociation energies of different C-Cl bonds. The unique reactivity of Cu(II)-PTABS has been attributed to the coordination/activation mechanism that has been known to operate in these reactions, but further insights into the catalytic species have also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shet
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - Krishna S Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Smruti Rekha Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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10
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Zhang C, Wei T, Yu Z, Ding Y, Su W, Xie Y. Metal-free regioselective mono- and poly-halogenation of 2-substituted indazoles. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4958-4962. [PMID: 36762091 PMCID: PMC9904359 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented metal-free regioselective halogenation of 2H-indazoles has been revealed, which not only realized the highly selective synthesis of mono-halogenated products, but also completed poly-halogenations by fine tuning the reaction conditions. Various mono-/poly-/hetero-halogenated indazoles were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Notably, this approach features environmentally friendly solvents, mild reaction conditions, simple execution and short reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Zhichen Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaeuticals, Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaeuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310014 China
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11
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Rezazadeh-Jabalbarezi F, Ranjbar-Karimi R, Atabaki F, Mohammadiannejad K. Site-selective nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2,4,5,6-tetrachloropyrimidine with sulfonamides: Synthesis of novel trichloropyrimidine-arylsulfonamide hybrid derivatives. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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12
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Zhang Q, Zhang W, Cui R, Zhang Y, Niu D. Synthesis of 2,4-diarylated pyrimidines enabled by Ni-catalyzed C–sulfone bond activation. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01935c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The readily available pyrimidinyl sulfones, in which the C–S bond is cleaved selectively, could serve as electrophiles in the Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions to prepare 2,4-diarylated pyrimidines under mild conditions with a broad scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Shizishan Road No. 4, Jinjiang district, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoyan Cui
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Messaoudi C, Jismy B, Jacquemin J, Allouchi H, M'Rabet H, Abarbri M. Stepwise synthesis of 2,6-difunctionalized ethyl pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate via site-selective cross-coupling reactions: experimental and computational studies. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9684-9697. [PMID: 36416338 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of novel disubstituted 2-(alknyl, aryl and arylamine)-6-alkynylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives was prepared via sequential site-selective cross-coupling reactions from 2,6-dibromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 3. The regio-controlled Sonogashira-type coupling of 3 with a wide range of terminal alkynes proceeded smoothly with excellent selectivity in favor of the C6-position through careful adjustment of the coupling conditions, followed by the subsequent introduction of alkynyl, aryl or arylamine groups at the C2-position via the Sonogashira, Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reactions, respectively. These promising results allow for further use and diversification of the chemically and biologically interesting pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold. In addition, computational studies were conducted to provide explanations for the origin of regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Messaoudi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299. Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France. .,Laboratoire de Synthese Organique Sélective et Hétérocyclique-Evaluation de l'Activité Biologique, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Badr Jismy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299. Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Johan Jacquemin
- Materials Science and Nano-Engineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Hassan Allouchi
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, EA 7502 SIMBA, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Hédi M'Rabet
- Laboratoire de Synthese Organique Sélective et Hétérocyclique-Evaluation de l'Activité Biologique, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299. Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.
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14
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Joo JM. Adding functions to pyridines. Science 2022; 378:710-711. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ade5501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reactions break a pyridine ring to allow its modification
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
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15
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Norman JP, Neufeldt SR. The Road Less Traveled: Unconventional Site Selectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Dihalogenated N-Heteroarenes. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12014-12026. [PMID: 36741273 PMCID: PMC9894105 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority (≥90%) of literature reports agree on the regiochemical outcomes of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for most classes of dihalogenated N-heteroarenes. Despite a well-established mechanistic rationale for typical selectivity, several examples reveal that changes to the catalyst can switch site selectivity, leading to the unconventional product. In this Perspective, we survey these unusual cases in which divergent selectivity is controlled by ligands or catalyst speciation. In some cases, the mechanistic origin of inverted selectivity has been established, but in others the mechanism remains unknown. This Perspective concludes with a discussion of remaining challenges and opportunities for the field of site-selective cross-coupling. These include developing a better understanding of oxidative addition mechanisms, understanding the role of catalyst speciation on selectivity, establishing an explanation for the influence of ring substituents on regiochemical outcome, inverting selectivity for some "stubborn" classes of substrates, and minimizing unwanted over-reaction of di- and polyhalogenated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Norman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Sharon R. Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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16
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Norman JP, Larson NG, Neufeldt SR. Different Oxidative Addition Mechanisms for 12- and 14-Electron Palladium(0) Explain Ligand-Controlled Divergent Site Selectivity. ACS Catal 2022; 12:8822-8828. [PMID: 37601556 PMCID: PMC10438894 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In cross-coupling reactions, dihaloheteroarenes are usually most reactive at C─halide bonds adjacent to a heteroatom. This selectivity has been previously rationalized. However, no mechanistic explanation exists for anomalous reports in which specific ligands effect inverted selectivity with dihalopyridines and -pyridazines. Here we provide evidence that these ligands uniquely promote oxidative addition at 12e- Pd(0). Computations indicate that 12e- and 14e- Pd(0) can favor different mechanisms for oxidative addition due to differences in their HOMO symmetries. These mechanisms are shown to lead to different site preferences, where 12e- Pd(0) can favor oxidative addition at an atypical site distal to nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon R. Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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17
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Jiang Y, Qiu H, Liang W, Lin J, Lin J, Liu W, Wang X, Cui W, Chen X, Wang H, Zhao L, Liang H. Derivatization of Marine‐Derived Fascaplysin via Highly Regioselective Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Contributing to the Enhanced Antibacterial Activity. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Hongda Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Weida Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Jiayu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Immunology Innovation Team School of Medicine Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Wei Cui
- Immunology Innovation Team School of Medicine Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Immunology Innovation Team School of Medicine Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Huifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Hongze Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
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18
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Wei X, Xue B, Handelmann J, Hu Z, Darmandeh H, Gessner VH, Gooßen LJ. Ylide‐Functionalized Diisopropyl Phosphine (prYPhos): A Ligand for Selective Suzuki‐Miyaura Couplings of Aryl Chlorides. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Jing Wei
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Bingxiang Xue
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Jens Handelmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Heidar Darmandeh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
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19
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Norman JP, Larson NG, Entz ED, Neufeldt SR. Unconventional Site Selectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Dichloroheteroarenes under Ligand-Controlled and Ligand-Free Systems. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7414-7421. [PMID: 35584051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Halides adjacent to nitrogen are conventionally more reactive in Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings of dihalogenated N-heteroarenes. However, a very sterically hindered N-heterocyclic carbene ligand is shown to promote room-temperature cross-coupling at C4 of 2,4-dichloropyridines with high selectivity (∼10:1). This work represents the first highly selective method with a broad scope for C4-coupling of these substrates where selectivity is clearly under ligand control. Under the optimized conditions, diverse substituted 2,4-dichloropyridines and related compounds undergo cross-coupling to form C4-C(sp2) and C4-C(sp3) bonds using organoboron, -zinc, and -magnesium reagents. The synthetic utility of this method is highlighted in multistep syntheses that combine C4-selective cross-coupling with subsequent nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The majority of the products herein (71%) have not been previously reported, emphasizing the ability of this methodology to open up underexplored chemical space. Remarkably, we find that ligand-free "Jeffery" conditions enhance the C4 selectivity of Suzuki coupling by an order of magnitude (>99:1). These ligand-free conditions enable the first C5-selective cross-couplings of 2,5-dichloropyridine and 2,5-dichloropyrimidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Norman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Nathaniel G Larson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Emily D Entz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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20
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Kreisel T, Mendel M, Queen AE, Deckers K, Hupperich D, Riegger J, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular Generation of (Iodinated) Polyarenes Using Triethylgermane as Orthogonal Masking Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201475. [PMID: 35263493 PMCID: PMC9314983 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While the modular construction of molecules from suitable building blocks is a powerful means to more rapidly generate a diversity of molecules than through customized syntheses, the further evolution of the underlying coupling methodology is key to realize widespread applications. We herein disclose a complementary modular coupling approach to the widely employed Suzuki coupling strategy of boron containing precursors, which relies on organogermane containing building blocks as key orthogonal functionality and an electrophilic (rather than nucleophilic) unmasking event paired with air‐stable PdI dimer based bond construction. This allows to significantly shorten the reaction times for the iterative coupling steps and/or to close gaps in the accessible compound space, enabling straightforward access also to iodinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kreisel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adele E Queen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hupperich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Riegger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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21
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Chen Z, Gu C, Yuen OY, So CM. Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates at the C-Cl site. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4762-4769. [PMID: 35655875 PMCID: PMC9067565 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06701j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study described palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates in the Ar–Cl bond. The Pd/SelectPhos system showed excellent chemoselectivity toward the Ar–Cl bond in the presence of the Ar–OTf bond with a broad substrate scope and excellent product yields. The electronic and steric hindrance offered by the –PR2 group of the ligand with the C2-alkyl group was found to be the key factor affecting the reactivity and chemoselectivity of the α-arylation reaction. The chemodivergent approach was also successfully employed in the synthesis of flurbiprofen and its derivatives (e.g., –OMe and –F). Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates in the Ar–Cl bond is reported. The effects of –PR2 and C2-alkyl groups of the ligands are investigated using experimental and computational methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Changxue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - On Ying Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China .,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 Guangdong China
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22
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Selmani A, Schoetz MD, Queen AE, Schoenebeck F. Modularity in the C sp3 Space─Alkyl Germanes as Orthogonal Molecular Handles for Chemoselective Diversification. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Selmani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus D. Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adele E. Queen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Kreisel T, Mendel M, Queen AE, Deckers K, Hupperich D, Riegger J, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular Generation of (Iodinated) Polyarenes Using Triethylgermane as Orthogonal Masking Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kreisel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Adele E. Queen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Daniel Hupperich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Julian Riegger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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24
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Ng SS, Chen Z, Yuen OY, So CM. Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Borylation of (Poly)halogenated Aryl Triflates and Their Application in Consecutive Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Zicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - On Ying Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000 People's Republic of China
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25
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Farshadfar K, Tizhoush SK, Ariafard A. Role of Brønsted Acids in Promoting Pd(OAc)2-Catalyzed Chlorination of Phenol Carbamates Using N-Chlorosuccinimide. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran 1469669191, Iran
| | - Samaneh K. Tizhoush
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran 1469669191, Iran
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences─Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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26
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Dalai P, Palit K, Panda N. Generation of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Coordinated Thermally Stable Halogen Cation Pools for C‐H Halogenation. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Pal D, Mondal A, Srimani D. Well-defined manganese complex catalyzed dehydrogenative synthesis of quinazolin-4(3 H)-ones and 3,4-dihydro-2 H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00260d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-heterocycles has been considered an emerging topic of chemical research due to its widespread usage in medicinal chemistry, materials science, and natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjyoti Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Avijit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
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28
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Kim G, Lee G, Kim G, Seo Y, Jarhad DB, Jeong LS. Catalyst-controlled regioselective Sonogashira coupling of 9-substituted-6-chloro-2,8-diiodopurines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00823h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have established a catalyst-dependent regioselective Sonogashira coupling methodology where both regioisomeric products can be obtained independently with remarkably high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Grim Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Gyudong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Yeonseong Seo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dnyandev B. Jarhad
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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29
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Manabe K, Yamaguchi M. Synthesis of Multisubstituted Benzofurans/Indoles Using Multichlorinated Phenols/Anilines via Palladium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Sonogashira Coupling. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-21-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Gu X, Zhang Z, Wei W, Liang T. Synthesis of 3-halogenated 2,3'-biindoles by a copper-mediated 2,3-difunctionalization of indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10403-10407. [PMID: 34842891 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A copper-mediated 2,3-difunctionalization of indoles to afford 3-halogenated 2,3'-biindoles is described herein. The protocol uses readily available feedstocks and a naturally abundant copper catalyst system, which allows the regioselective formation of C-C and C-X (X = Cl & Br) bonds in one single operation. Here the copper metal salt serves not only as a catalyst but also as a reactant to provide the source of halogen. This operationally simple procedure avoids the utilization of environmentally unfriendly reagents and displays good functional group compatibility. Noteworthily, the introduction of halogen into molecules would offer great potential for further chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wanxing Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.
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31
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He Y, Qin X, He X, Wu X, Yin Z. Practical Synthesis of Halogenated
N
‐Heterocycles via Electrochemical Anodic Oxidation of Unactivated Alkenes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang He
- School of Pharmacy Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Qin
- School of Pharmacy Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Xinxu He
- School of Pharmacy Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Science 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Zhiping Yin
- School of Pharmacy Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
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32
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Luo L, Liu H, Zeng W, Hu W, Wang D. BTP‐Rh@g‐C
3
N
4
as an efficient recyclable catalyst for dehydrogenation and borrowing hydrogen reactions. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Hongqiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- China Synchem Technology Co., Ltd. Bengbu China
| | - Wei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Wenkang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Dawei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
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33
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Mondal R, Chakraborty G, Guin AK, Pal S, Paul ND. Iron catalyzed metal-ligand cooperative approaches towards sustainable synthesis of quinolines and quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Jismy B, El Qami A, Jacquemin J, Guillot R, Tikad A, Abarbri M. Efficient Synthesis of
tert
‐Butyl 2,4‐Dialkynylated and 2‐Alkynylated‐4‐Arylated‐1
H
‐Imidazole‐1‐Carboxylate
via
Regioselective Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Badr Jismy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E) EA 6299 Université de Tours Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Abdelkarim El Qami
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique URAC 22 Département de Chimie Université Hassan II de Casablanca Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia B.P. 146 28800 Mohammedia Morocco
| | - Johan Jacquemin
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E) EA 6299 Université de Tours Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Regis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) UMR CNRS 8182 Université Paris Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Abdellatif Tikad
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Substances Naturelles Département de Chimie Faculté des Sciences Université Moulay Ismail B.P. 11201, Zitoune 50050 Meknès Morocco
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E) EA 6299 Université de Tours Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
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35
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Palani V, Perea MA, Sarpong R. Site-Selective Cross-Coupling of Polyhalogenated Arenes and Heteroarenes with Identical Halogen Groups. Chem Rev 2021; 122:10126-10169. [PMID: 34402611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Methods to functionalize arenes and heteroarenes in a site-selective manner are highly sought after for rapidly constructing value-added molecules of medicinal, agrochemical, and materials interest. One effective approach is the site-selective cross-coupling of polyhalogenated arenes bearing multiple, but identical, halogen groups. Such cross-coupling reactions have proven to be incredibly effective for site-selective functionalization. However, they also present formidable challenges due to the inherent similarities in the reactivities of the halogen substituents. In this Review, we discuss strategies for site-selective cross-couplings of polyhalogenated arenes and heteroarenes bearing identical halogens, beginning first with an overview of the reaction types that are more traditional in nature, such as electronically, sterically, and directing-group-controlled processes. Following these examples is a description of emerging strategies, which includes ligand- and additive/solvent-controlled reactions as well as photochemically initiated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Palani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Melecio A Perea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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36
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Preformed molecular complexes of metals with organoselenium ligands: Syntheses and applications in catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Scott NW, Ford MJ, Jeddi N, Eyles A, Simon L, Whitwood AC, Tanner T, Willans CE, Fairlamb IJS. A Dichotomy in Cross-Coupling Site Selectivity in a Dihalogenated Heteroarene: Influence of Mononuclear Pd, Pd Clusters, and Pd Nanoparticles-the Case for Exploiting Pd Catalyst Speciation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9682-9693. [PMID: 34152135 PMCID: PMC8297865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective dihalogenated heteroarene cross-coupling with organometallic reagents usually occurs at the halogen proximal to the heteroatom, enabled by intrinsic relative electrophilicity, particularly in strongly polarized systems. An archetypical example is the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling (SMCC) of 2,4-dibromopyridine with organoboron species, which typically exhibit C2-arylation site-selectivity using mononuclear Pd (pre)catalysts. Given that Pd speciation, particularly aggregation, is known to lead to the formation of catalytically competent multinuclear Pdn species, the influence of these species on cross-coupling site-selectivity remains largely unknown. Herein, we disclose that multinuclear Pd species, in the form of Pd3-type clusters and nanoparticles, switch arylation site-selectivity from C2 to C4, in 2,4-dibromopyridine cross-couplings with both organoboronic acids (SMCC reactions) and Grignard reagents (Kumada-type reactions). The Pd/ligand ratio and the presence of suitable stabilizing salts were found to be critically important in switching the site-selectivity. More generally, this study provides experimental evidence that aggregated Pd catalyst species not only are catalytically competent but also alter reaction outcomes through changes in product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil W.
J. Scott
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Ford
- Bayer
AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse
50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Neda Jeddi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Eyles
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Lauriane Simon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Tanner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E. Willans
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United
Kingdom
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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38
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So CM, Yuen OY, Ng SS, Chen Z. General Chemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Polyhalogenated Aryl Triflates Enabled by an Alkyl-Heteroaryl-Based Phosphine Ligand. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - On Ying Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan Shan Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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39
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Tali JA, Singh D, Kumar G, Shankar R. Regioselective Base‐controlled Pd‐catalyzed Arylation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines: leading selectivity at C8 position by N‐chelation over O‐chelation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ahmad Tali
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
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40
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Hou H, Ma X, Lin Y, Lin J, Sun W, Wang L, Xu X, Ke F. Electrochemical synthesis of quinazolinone via I 2-catalyzed tandem oxidation in aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17721-17726. [PMID: 35480173 PMCID: PMC9033184 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of protocols for synthesizing quinazolinones using biocompatible catalysts in aqueous medium will help to resolve the difficulties of using green and sustainable chemistry for their synthesis. Herein, using I2 in coordination with electrochemical synthesis induced a C-H oxidation reaction which is reported when using water as the environmentally friendly solvent to access a broad range of quinazolinones at room temperature. The reaction mechanism strongly showed that I2 cooperates electrochemically promoted the oxidation of alcohols, then effectively cyclizing amides to various quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Xinhua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Yingying Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Jin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Weiming Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Science, Xuchang University Xuchang 461000 China
| | - Xiuzhi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Fang Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016.,Faculty of Material and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University Yibin 644000 China
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41
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Balaji S, Balamurugan G, Ramesh R, Semeril D. Palladium(II) N^O Chelating Complexes Catalyzed One-Pot Approach for Synthesis of Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Benzyl Alcohols and 2-Aminobenzamide. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundarraman Balaji
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - Gunasekaran Balamurugan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - Rengan Ramesh
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - David Semeril
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, Universite de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS, Strasbourg, 67070, France
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42
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Shen Z, Huang B, Ma N, Yao L, Yang C, Guo L, Xia W. Transition Metal‐Free Synthesis of Sulfonyl‐ and Bromo‐Substituted Indolo[2,1‐
α
]isoquinoline Derivatives through Electrochemical Radical Cascade Cyclization. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Jia Shen
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Huang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Ma
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Yao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University
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43
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44
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Fricke C, Sperger T, Mendel M, Schoenebeck F. Catalysis with Palladium(I) Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3355-3366. [PMID: 33058375 PMCID: PMC7898807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear PdI complexes have found widespread applications as diverse catalysts for a multitude of transformations. Initially their ability to function as pre-catalysts for low-coordinated Pd0 species was harnessed in cross-coupling. Such PdI dimers are inherently labile and relatively sensitive to oxygen. In recent years, more stable dinuclear PdI -PdI frameworks, which feature bench-stability and robustness towards nucleophiles as well as recoverability in reactions, were explored and shown to trigger privileged reactivities via dinuclear catalysis. This includes the predictable and substrate-independent, selective C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations of poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes as well as couplings of arenes with relatively weak nucleophiles, which would not engage in Pd0 /PdII catalysis. This Minireview highlights the use of dinuclear PdI complexes as both pre-catalysts for the formation of highly active Pd0 and PdII -H species as well as direct dinuclear catalysts. Focus is set on the mechanistic intricacies, the speciation and the impacts on reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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45
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Desaintjean A, Haupt T, Bole LJ, Judge NR, Hevia E, Knochel P. Regioselective Bromine/Magnesium Exchange for the Selective Functionalization of Polyhalogenated Arenes and Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1513-1518. [PMID: 33079466 PMCID: PMC7839478 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using the bimetallic combination sBu2 Mg⋅2 LiOR (R=2-ethylhexyl) in toluene enables efficient and regioselective Br/Mg exchanges with various dibromo-arenes and -heteroarenes under mild reaction conditions and provides bromo-substituted magnesium reagents. Assessing the role of Lewis donor additives in these reactions revealed that N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA) finely tunes the regioselectivity of the Br/Mg exchange on dibromo-pyridines and quinolines. Combining spectroscopic with X-ray crystallographic studies, light has been shed on the mixed Li/Mg constitution of the organometallic intermediates accomplishing these transformations. These systems reacted effectively with a broad range of electrophiles, including allyl bromides, ketones, aldehydes, and Weinreb amides in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Desaintjean
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment ChemieButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Tobias Haupt
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment ChemieButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Leonie J. Bole
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bern3012BernSwitzerland
| | - Neil R. Judge
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bern3012BernSwitzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bern3012BernSwitzerland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment ChemieButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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46
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Mei W, Kong Y, Yan G. Synthetic applications of α,α-difluoroarylacetic acids and salts via decarboxylative functionalization. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00775k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
α,α-Difluoroarylacetic acids are stable, inexpensive and readily available building blocks which can be used to access various difluoromethylated aryl motifs via decarboxylative functionalization for the formation of carbon–carbon and carbon-heteroatom (F, O, S) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Mei
- College of Jiyang, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Yilin Kong
- College of Jiyang, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Guobing Yan
- College of Jiyang, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
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47
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Fairoosa J, Neetha M, Anilkumar G. Recent developments and perspectives in the copper-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3452-3469. [PMID: 35424324 PMCID: PMC8694354 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10472h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds have become an inevitable part of organic chemistry due to their ubiquitous presence in bioactive compounds. Copper-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles has developed as the most convenient and facile synthetic route towards complex heterocyclic motifs. In this review, we discuss the advancements in the field of copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions for the preparation of heterocycles since 2018. Heterocycles are abundant in several pharmaceutical and naturally occurring compounds. Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions are a convenient method for easy access to heterocycles. In this review, we focus on the advancement in this field for the past two years.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleel Fairoosa
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC)
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48
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Golding WA, Schmitt HL, Phipps RJ. Systematic Variation of Ligand and Cation Parameters Enables Site-Selective C-C and C-N Cross-Coupling of Multiply Chlorinated Arenes through Substrate-Ligand Electrostatic Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21891-21898. [PMID: 33332114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Use of attractive noncovalent interactions between ligand and substrate is an emerging strategy for controlling positional selectivity. A key question relates to whether fine control on molecules with multiple, closely spaced reactive positions is achievable using typically less directional electrostatic interactions. Herein, we apply a 10-piece "toolkit" comprising of two closely related sulfonated phosphine ligands and five bases, each possessing varying cation size, to the challenge of site-selective cross-coupling of multiply chlorinated arenes. The fine tuning provided by these ligand/base combinations is effective for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling on a range of isomeric dichlorinated and trichlorinated arenes, substrates that would produce intractable mixtures when typical ligands are used. This study develops a practical solution for site-selective cross-coupling to generate complex, highly substituted arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Golding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik L Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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49
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Qu Z, Zhu H, Grimme S. Mechanistic Insights for Iodane Mediated Aromatic Halogenation Reactions. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
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50
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Kundu G, Sperger T, Rissanen K, Schoenebeck F. A Next-Generation Air-Stable Palladium(I) Dimer Enables Olefin Migration and Selective C-C Coupling in Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21930-21934. [PMID: 32810335 PMCID: PMC7756449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a new air-stable PdI dimer, [Pd(μ-I)(PCy2 t Bu)]2 , which triggers E-selective olefin migration to enamides and styrene derivatives in the presence of multiple functional groups and with complete tolerance of air. The same dimer also triggers extremely rapid C-C coupling (alkylation and arylation) at room temperature in a modular and triply selective fashion of aromatic C-Br, C-OTf/OFs, and C-Cl bonds in poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes, displaying superior activity over previous PdI dimer generations for substrates that bear substituents ortho to C-OTf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyvaskyla40014JYUFinland
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