1
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Hewitt SH, Wilson AJ. Generation of Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries Using Hydrazone-Functionalized Surface Mimetics. European J Org Chem 2018; 2018:1872-1879. [PMID: 29780280 PMCID: PMC5947633 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) represents an approach, whereby traditional supramolecular scaffolds used for protein surface recognition might be exploited to achieve selective high affinity target recognition. Synthesis, in situ screening and amplification under selection pressure allows the generation of ligands, which bear different moieties capable of making multivalent non‐covalent interactions with target proteins. Generic tetracarboxyphenyl porphyrin scaffolds bearing four hydrazide moieties have been used to form dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) using aniline‐catalyzed reversible hydrazone exchange reactions, in 10 % DMSO, 5 mm NH4OAc, at pH 6.75. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to monitor library composition and establish conditions under which equilibria were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Hewitt
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane 9JT Leeds LS2 UK.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane 9JT Leeds LS2 UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane 9JT Leeds LS2 UK.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane 9JT Leeds LS2 UK
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2
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Abstract
A key challenge in chemical biology is to identify small molecule regulators for every single protein. However, protein surfaces are notoriously difficult to recognise with synthetic molecules, often having large flat surfaces that are poorly matched to traditional small molecules. In the surface mimetic approach, a supramolecular scaffold is used to project recognition groups in such a manner as to make multivalent non-covalent contacts over a large area of protein surface. Metal based supramolecular scaffolds offer unique advantages over conventional organic molecules for protein binding, including greater stereochemical and geometrical diversity conferred through the metal centre and the potential for direct assessment of binding properties and even visualisation in cells without recourse to further functionalisation. This feature article will highlight the current state of the art in protein surface recognition using metal complexes as surface mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Hewitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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3
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Parameters affecting the transscleral delivery of two positively charged proteins of comparable size. Int J Pharm 2017; 521:214-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Hewitt SH, Filby MH, Hayes E, Kuhn LT, Kalverda AP, Webb ME, Wilson AJ. Protein Surface Mimetics: Understanding How Ruthenium Tris(Bipyridines) Interact with Proteins. Chembiochem 2016; 18:223-231. [PMID: 27860106 PMCID: PMC5347857 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein surface mimetics achieve high-affinity binding by exploiting a scaffold to project binding groups over a large area of solvent-exposed protein surface to make multiple cooperative noncovalent interactions. Such recognition is a prerequisite for competitive/orthosteric inhibition of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). This paper describes biophysical and structural studies on ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine) surface mimetics that recognize cytochrome (cyt) c and inhibit the cyt c/cyt c peroxidase (CCP) PPI. Binding is electrostatically driven, with enhanced affinity achieved through enthalpic contributions thought to arise from the ability of the surface mimetics to make a greater number of noncovalent interactions than CCP with surface-exposed basic residues on cyt c. High-field natural abundance 1 H,15 N HSQC NMR experiments are consistent with surface mimetics binding to cyt c in similar manner to CCP. This provides a framework for understanding recognition of proteins by supramolecular receptors and informing the design of ligands superior to the protein partners upon which they are inspired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Hewitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maria H Filby
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ed Hayes
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lars T Kuhn
- Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Arnout P Kalverda
- Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael E Webb
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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5
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Mallon M, Dutt S, Schrader T, Crowley PB. Protein Camouflage: Supramolecular Anion Recognition by Ubiquitin. Chembiochem 2016; 17:774-83. [PMID: 26818656 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Progress in the field of bio-supramolecular chemistry, the bottom-up assembly of protein-ligand systems, relies on a detailed knowledge of molecular recognition. To address this issue, we have characterised complex formation between human ubiquitin (HUb) and four supramolecular anions. The ligands were: pyrenetetrasulfonic acid (4PSA), p-sulfonato-calix[4]arene (SCLX4), bisphosphate tweezers (CLR01) and meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS), which vary in net charge, size, shape and hydrophobicity. All four ligands induced significant changes in the HSQC spectrum of HUb. Chemical shift perturbations and line-broadening effects were used to identify binding sites and to quantify affinities. Supporting data were obtained from docking simulations. It was found that these weakly interacting ligands bind to extensive surface patches on HUb. A comparison of the data suggests some general indicators for the protein-binding specificity of supramolecular anions. Differences in binding were observed between the cavity-containing and planar ligands. The former had a preference for the arginine-rich, flexible C terminus of HUb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Mallon
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Som Dutt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter B Crowley
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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6
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Prata JV, Barata PD. Fostering protein–calixarene interactions: from molecular recognition to sensing. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19887a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An highly selective direct sensing of cytochrome c by a bis-calix[4]arene-carbazole conjugate (CCC-1) in aqueous-based medium at nanomolar levels is disclosed. An electron transfer (ET) between complexed partners mediates the sensory event.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V. Prata
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica
- Departamento de Engenharia Química and Centro de Investigação de Engenharia Química e Biotecnologia
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa
- Lisboa
| | - Patrícia D. Barata
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica
- Departamento de Engenharia Química and Centro de Investigação de Engenharia Química e Biotecnologia
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa
- Lisboa
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7
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Dubois JLN, Lavignac N. Cationic poly(amidoamine) promotes cytosolic delivery of bovine RNase A in melanoma cells, while maintaining its cellular toxicity. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6501-6508. [PMID: 32262558 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb02065k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleases are known to cleave ribonucleic acids, inducing cell death. RNase A, a member of the ribonuclease family, generally displayed poor in vitro activity. This has been attributed to factors such as low intracellular delivery. Poly(amidoamine)s have been used to promote the translocation of non-permeant proteins to the cytosol. Our objective was to demonstrate that poly(amidoamine)s could potentially promote the delivery of RNase A to selected cell line. Interactions of three cationic poly(amidoamine)s (P1, P2 and ISA1) with wild-type bovine RNase A were investigated using gel retardation assays, DLS and microcalorimetry. Although the polymers and the protein are essentially cationic at physiological pH, complexation between the PAAs and RNase A was observed. The high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (HSDSC) thermograms demonstrated that the thermal stability of the protein was reduced when complexed with ISA1 (Tmax decreased by 6.5 °C) but was not affected by P1 and P2. All the polymers displayed low cytotoxicity towards non-cancerous cells (IC50 > 3.5 mg mL-1). While RNase A alone was not toxic to mouse melanoma cells (B16F1), P1 was able to promote cytosolic delivery of biologically active RNase A, increasing cell death (IC50 = 0.09 mg mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L N Dubois
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK.
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8
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Barnard A, Miles JA, Burslem GM, Barker AM, Wilson AJ. Multivalent helix mimetics for PPI-inhibition. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:258-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A multivalent helix mimetic is developed that inhibits the p53/hDM2 and induces dimerization/aggregation of its target – hDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barnard
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology
| | - Jennifer A. Miles
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology
| | - George M. Burslem
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology
| | - Amy M. Barker
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology
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9
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McGovern RE, McCarthy AA, Crowley PB. Protein assembly mediated by sulfonatocalix[4]arene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10412-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04897k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The binding of anionic p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene to cationic lysozyme results in self assembly and the formation of protein tetramer chains, as revealed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róise E. McGovern
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew A. McCarthy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions
- UJF-EMBL-CNRS
- Grenoble Outstation
- 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Peter B. Crowley
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway, Ireland
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10
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Abstract
The present review summarizes recently developed calixarene derivatives for protein surface recognition which are able to identify, inhibit, and separate specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zadmard
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Research Center of Iran
- , Iran
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11
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Mignani S, El Kazzouli S, Bousmina MM, Majoral JP. Dendrimer Space Exploration: An Assessment of Dendrimers/Dendritic Scaffolding as Inhibitors of Protein–Protein Interactions, a Potential New Area of Pharmaceutical Development. Chem Rev 2013; 114:1327-42. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400362r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de
Biochimie Pharmacologiques
et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez, Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi harazem, Fès, Morocco
| | - Mosto M. Bousmina
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez, Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi harazem, Fès, Morocco
- Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, Avenue Mohammed
VI, 10222 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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12
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Wilson AJ, Ault JR, Filby MH, Philips HIA, Ashcroft AE, Fletcher NC. Protein destabilisation by ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridine based protein-surface mimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2206-12. [PMID: 23411505 PMCID: PMC3731202 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob26251k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly functionalised ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridine receptor 1 which acts as a selective sensor for equine cytochrome c (cyt c) is shown to destabilise the native protein conformation by around 25 °C. Receptors 2 and 3 do not exert this effect confirming the behaviour is a specific effect of molecular recognition between 1 and cyt c, whilst the absence of a destabilising effect on 60% acetylated cyt c demonstrates the behaviour of 1 to be protein specific. Molecular recognition also modifies the conformational properties of the target protein at room temperature as evidenced by ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and accelerated trypsin proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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13
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Jiang QQ, Bartsch L, Sicking W, Wich PR, Heider D, Hoffmann D, Schmuck C. A new approach to inhibit human β-tryptase by protein surface binding of four-armed peptide ligands with two different sets of arms. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1631-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Zhang X, Yang JX, Yao YG. Tail of the Organic Ligand Templated Metal-Organic Framework. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-012-9690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Oshima T, Muto H, Baba Y. Dominant structural factors for complexation and denaturation of proteins using carboxylic acid receptors. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 710:102-10. [PMID: 22123118 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Complexation accompanied by denaturation of protein with synthetic carboxylic acid receptors was investigated, to evaluate the key factors for recognition of proteins. The synthetic receptors used were tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) derivatives and receptors bearing multiple (2-8) carboxylic acid groups. The complexation behavior was quantified from the absorption in the far UV CD spectrum attributed to the secondary structure of the protein. TPP derivatives bearing multiple carboxylic acid groups in the side chains exhibited higher affinity than other receptors that were smaller and had fewer carboxylic acid groups. As the degree of complexation was influenced by the pH and ionic strength in aqueous solution, electrostatic interaction was one of the most important factors for the recognition of proteins. Complexation was also estimated by observation of fluorescence quenching of the TPP derivatives. The stoichiometry of the complexes between lysozyme and the porphyrins was investigated by quantitative analysis of the denaturation using CD spectra. From the results of Job plots and slope analysis for the amount of denatured protein, formation of 1:1 complexes was confirmed. The equilibrium association constants (K(ass)) for lysozyme and the TPP receptors ranged from 0.6×10(6) to 1.1×10(6)M(-1). The lytic activity of lysozyme was partially lost in the presence of anionic TPP derivatives, due to complexation and denaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Oshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Nishi, Miyazaki, Japan.
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16
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Oshima T, Baba Y. Recognition of exterior protein surfaces using artificial ligands based on calixarenes, crown ethers, and tetraphenylporphyrins. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-011-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Many "new generation" peptidomimetics are designed to present amino acid side chains only; they do not have structural features that resemble peptide main chains. These types of molecules have frequently been presented in the literature as mimics of specific secondary structures. However, many "side-chain only" peptidomimetics do not rest in single conformational states, but exist in a limited number of freely interconverting forms. These different conformations may resemble different secondary structures, so referring to them as, for instance, turn- or helical-mimics understates the ways they could adapt to various binding situations. Sets of scaffolds that can be used to mimic aspects of nearly every secondary structure, i.e. universal peptidomimetics, can be constructed. These may assume a privileged place in library design, particularly in high throughput screening for pharmacological probes for which binding conformations, or even the target itself, is unknown at the time the library is designed (critical review, 101 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhwa Ko
- Texas A & M University, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
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18
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19
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Abstract
Two amino acid derived synthons were combined to give homopropargylic amines 2. Platinum dichloride was used to cyclize these intermediates into pyrroles 3 which collapsed to the target secondary structure mimics 1 on treatment with base. Side chains of these compounds overlay with an idealized type 1 β-turn and with an inverse γ-turn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhwa Ko
- Texas A & M University, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Texas A & M University, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
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20
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Filby MH, Muldoon J, Dabb S, Fletcher NC, Ashcroft AE, Wilson AJ. Protein surface recognition using geometrically pure Ru(II) tris(bipyridine) derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:559-61. [PMID: 21103575 PMCID: PMC3172587 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04754f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript illustrates that the geometric arrangement of protein-binding groups around a ruthenium(II) core leads to dramatic differences in cytochrome c (cyt c) binding highlighting that it is possible to define synthetic receptors with shape complementarity to protein surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H. Filby
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. ; Fax: +44 (0)113 3436565; Tel: +44 (0)113 3431409
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James Muldoon
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. ; Fax: +44 (0)113 3436565; Tel: +44 (0)113 3431409
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Serin Dabb
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Nicholas C. Fletcher
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Alison E. Ashcroft
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. ; Fax: +44 (0)113 3436565; Tel: +44 (0)113 3431409
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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21
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Abstract
This paper concerns peptidomimetic scaffolds that can present side chains in conformations resembling those of amino acids in secondary structures without incurring excessive entropic or enthalpic penalties. Compounds of this type are referred to here as minimalist mimics. The core hypothesis of this paper is that small sets of such scaffolds can be designed to analogue local pairs of amino acids (including noncontiguous ones) in any secondary structure; i.e., they are universal peptidomimetics. To illustrate this concept, we designed a set of four peptidomimetic scaffolds. Libraries based on them were made bearing side chains corresponding to many of the protein-derived amino acids. Modeling experiments were performed to give an indication of kinetic and thermodynamic accessibilities of conformations that can mimic secondary structures. Together, peptidomimetics based on these four scaffolds can adopt conformations that resemble almost any combination of local amino acid side chains in any secondary structure. Universal peptidomimetics of this kind are likely to be most useful in the design of libraries for high-throughput screening against diverse targets. Consequently, data arising from submission of these molecules to the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR) are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhwa Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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22
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Wich P, Schmuck C. Reversible and Noncompetitive Inhibition of β-Tryptase by Protein Surface Binding of Tetravalent Peptide Ligands Identified from a Combinatorial Split-Mix Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4113-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200907221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Wich P, Schmuck C. Reversible and Noncompetitive Inhibition of β-Tryptase by Protein Surface Binding of Tetravalent Peptide Ligands Identified from a Combinatorial Split-Mix Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Muldoon J, Ashcroft AE, Wilson AJ. Selective protein-surface sensing using ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine) complexes. Chemistry 2010; 16:100-3. [PMID: 19946912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Muldoon
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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25
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Ghosh K, Sen T, Patra A. Binding induced destruction of an excimer in anthracene-linked benzimidazole diamide: a case toward the selective detection of organic sulfonic acids and metal ions. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00789j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Plante JP, Burnley T, Malkova B, Webb ME, Warriner SL, Edwards TA, Wilson AJ. Oligobenzamide proteomimetic inhibitors of the p53-hDM2 protein-protein interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5091-3. [PMID: 20448956 PMCID: PMC2898631 DOI: 10.1039/b908207g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligobenzamide inhibitors of the p53-hDM2 protein-protein interaction are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P. Plante
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT. ; Fax: +44 (0)113 3431409; Tel: +44 (0)113 3436565
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT.
| | - Thomas Burnley
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT.
| | - Barbora Malkova
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT.
| | - Michael E. Webb
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT. ; Fax: +44 (0)113 3431409; Tel: +44 (0)113 3436565
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT.
| | - Stuart L. Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT. ; Fax: +44 (0)113 3431409; Tel: +44 (0)113 3436565
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT.
| | - Thomas A. Edwards
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT.
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT. ; Fax: +44 (0)113 3431409; Tel: +44 (0)113 3436565
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS29JT.
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27
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Wilson AJ. Inhibition of protein-protein interactions using designed molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:3289-300. [PMID: 20449049 DOI: 10.1039/b807197g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although many cellular processes depend upon enzymatic reactions, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate a large number of important regulatory pathways and thus play a central role in disease development. In order to understand and selectively inhibit cellular signalling pathways, there is a pressing need for small molecules that target PPIs, particularly in the context of pharmaceutical development. This tutorial review will introduce the relevance of PPIs to chemical biology and highlight the key challenges in designing inhibitors. Some of the successes using conventional approaches to the identification of small-molecule PPI inhibitors will be highlighted, and also the reasons why these approaches have not always proven successful. Several general approaches tailored to particular protein topologies are emerging for the design of scaffolds that inhibit PPIs-these will form the major content of this review. Finally a summary of the challenges to be faced in developing inhibitors of PPIs into drug leads and how these challenges may differ from those encountered with enzyme-like targets will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
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28
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Gassensmith JJ, Baumes JM, Eberhard J, Smith BD. Cycloaddition to an anthracene-derived macrocyclic receptor with supramolecular control of regioselectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:2517-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b901814j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Martos V, Castreño P, Valero J, de Mendoza J. Binding to protein surfaces by supramolecular multivalent scaffolds. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2008; 12:698-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Zou Y, Young DD, Cruz-Montanez A, Deiters A. Synthesis of Anthracene and Azaanthracene Fluorophores via [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization Reactions. Org Lett 2008; 10:4661-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8019549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Douglas D. Young
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Alejandra Cruz-Montanez
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
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31
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Campbell F, Plante J, Carruthers C, Hardie MJ, Prior TJ, Wilson AJ. Macrocyclic scaffolds derived from p-aminobenzoic acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2240-2. [PMID: 17534503 DOI: 10.1039/b704366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regiospecific synthesis of C3 macrocyclic scaffolds possessing multiple different functional groups is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Campbell
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UKLS2 9JT
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