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Zhao N, Li JX, Han YJ, Lv LP, Deng J, Zhang YY. A promising strategy to improve the stability and immunogenicity of killed but metabolically active vaccines: low-temperature preparation and coating of nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39189698 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02323d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria are becoming an increasingly serious threat to human health. The emergence of super bacteria makes clinical treatment more difficult. Vaccines are one of the most effective means of preventing and treating bacterial infections. As a new class of vaccines, killed but metabolically active (KBMA) vaccines provide the immunogenicity of live vaccines and the safety of inactivated vaccines. Herein, a promising strategy is proposed to improve the stability and immunogenicity of KBMA vaccines. KBMA vaccines were produced at low temperature (4 °C), and the bacterial surface was engineered using mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) coating. Compared to vaccines prepared at room temperature, the metabolic activity of KBMA vaccines prepared at 4 °C remarkably improved. Benefiting from the induction of MSNs, the stability of KBMA vaccines was increased and the preservation time was prolonged at 4 °C. Meanwhile, metabolomics analysis showed that the metabolite spectrum of live bacteria changed after photochemical treatment and MSN coating, which interfered with organic acid metabolism pathways, lipid metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, the immune response in the mice treated with KBMA/MSN vaccines was similar to that in those treated with live vaccines and stronger than that in those treated with inactivated vaccines. In comparison with the control group, bacteria tissue burdens of KBMA/MSN group were significantly reduced. CD4+ T cells dominated immune responses for the protection of mice. Thus, the current work promotes the application of KBMA vaccines, providing an alternative choice for treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jia-Xv Li
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yong-Jiao Han
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Li-Ping Lv
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jiang Deng
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yan-Yu Zhang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
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2
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Jain M, Trapani G, Trappmann B, Ravoo BJ. Stiffness Modulation and Pulsatile Release in Dual Responsive Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403760. [PMID: 38517945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, self-regulation can be introduced in synthetic hydrogels by incorporating chemo-mechanical signals or coupled chemical reactions to maintain or adapt the material's physico-chemical properties when exposed to external triggers. In this work, we present redox and light dual stimuli responsive hydrogels capable of rapidly adapting the polymer crosslinking network while maintaining hydrogel stability. Upon irradiation with UV light, polymer hydrogels containing redox responsive disulfide crosslinks and light responsive ortho-nitrobenzyl moieties show a release of payload accompanied by adaptation of the hydrogel network towards higher stiffness due to in situ crosslinking by S-nitrosylation. Whereas the hydrogel design allows the network to either become softer in presence of reducing agent glutathione or stiffer upon UV irradiation, simultaneous application of both stimuli induces network self-regulation resulting in a pulsatile form of payload release from the hydrogel. Finally, adaptive stiffness was used to make tunable hydrogels as substrates for different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Jain
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Trapani
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Britta Trappmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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3
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Cui M, Tang Z, Ahmad Z, Pan C, Lu Y, Ali K, Huang S, Lin X, Wahab A, Iqbal MZ, Kong X. Facile synthesis of manganese-hafnium nanocomposites for multimodal MRI/CT imaging and in vitro photodynamic therapy of colon cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 237:113834. [PMID: 38479259 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Precise diagnosis of complex and soft tumors is challenging, which limits appropriate treatment options to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. However, multifunctional nano-sized contrast enhancement agents based on nanoparticles improve the diagnosis accuracy of various diseases such as cancer. Herein, a facile manganese-hafnium nanocomposites (Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs) system was designed for bimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT) contrast enhancement with a complimentary function of photodynamic therapy. The solvothermal method was used to fabricate NCs, and the average size of Mn3O4 NPs and Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs was about 7 nm and 15 nm, respectively, as estimated by TEM. Dynamic light scattering results showed good dispersion and high negative (-33 eV) zeta potential, indicating excellent stability in an aqueous medium. Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs revealed negligible toxic effects on the NCTC clone 929 (L929) and mouse colon cancer cell line (CT26), demonstrating promising biocompatibility. The synthesized Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs exhibit significant enhancement in T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray computed tomography (CT), indicating the appropriateness for dual-modal MRI/CT molecular imaging probes. Moreover, ultra-small Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs show good relaxivities for MRI/CT. These nanoprobes Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs further possessed outstanding reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability under minute ultraviolet light (6 mW·cm-2) to ablate the colon cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, the designed multifunctional Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs were ideal candidates for cancer diagnosis and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cui
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics and Fibers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chunshu Pan
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315192, China
| | - Yuguang Lu
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Huang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - M Zubair Iqbal
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Site-specific photolabile roadblocks for the study of transcription elongation in biologically complex systems. Commun Biol 2022; 5:457. [PMID: 35552496 PMCID: PMC9098449 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional pausing is crucial for the timely expression of genetic information. Biochemical methods quantify the half-life of paused RNA polymerase (RNAP) by monitoring restarting complexes across time. However, this approach may produce apparent half-lives that are longer than true pause escape rates in biological contexts where multiple consecutive pause sites are present. We show here that the 6-nitropiperonyloxymethyl (NPOM) photolabile group provides an approach to monitor transcriptional pausing in biological systems containing multiple pause sites. We validate our approach using the well-studied his pause and show that an upstream RNA sequence modulates the pause half-life. NPOM was also used to study a transcriptional region within the Escherichia coli thiC riboswitch containing multiple consecutive pause sites. We find that an RNA hairpin structure located upstream to the region affects the half-life of the 5′ most proximal pause site—but not of the 3′ pause site—in contrast to results obtained using conventional approaches not preventing asynchronous transcription. Our results show that NPOM is a powerful tool to study transcription elongation dynamics within biologically complex systems. Transcriptional pausing can be achieved by 6-nitropiperonyloxymethyl modification, which can halt RNAP without causing backtracking and be efficiently removed by short illumination with a moderately intense UV light.
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Schultzke S, Walther M, Staubitz A. Active Ester Functionalized Azobenzenes as Versatile Building Blocks. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133916. [PMID: 34206950 PMCID: PMC8272017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Azobenzenes are important molecular switches that can still be difficult to functionalize selectively. A high yielding Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling method under mild conditions for the introduction of NHS esters to azobenzenes and diazocines has been established. Yields were consistently high with very few exceptions. The NHS functionalized azobenzenes react with primary amines quantitatively. These amines are ubiquitous in biological systems and in material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Schultzke
- Institute for Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.W.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Melanie Walther
- Institute for Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.W.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.W.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-421-218-63210
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6
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Camarero N, Trapero A, Pérez-Jiménez A, Macia E, Gomila-Juaneda A, Martín-Quirós A, Nevola L, Llobet A, Llebaria A, Hernando J, Giralt E, Gorostiza P. Photoswitchable dynasore analogs to control endocytosis with light. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We've combined the pharmacological properties of the dynamin inhibitor dynasore and the photochromic properties of an azobenzene group, to obtain the first light-regulated small-molecule inhibitor of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Camarero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Spain
| | - Ana Trapero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC)
- Spain
| | - Ariadna Pérez-Jiménez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Spain
| | - Eric Macia
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC)
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- France
| | - Alexandre Gomila-Juaneda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Spain
| | - Andrés Martín-Quirós
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Spain
| | - Laura Nevola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)
- Spain
| | - Artur Llobet
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)
- Spain
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC)
- Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
- Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)
- Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
- Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Spain
- CIBER-BBN
- Spain
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Mohamed MA, Fallahi A, El-Sokkary AM, Salehi S, Akl MA, Jafari A, Tamayol A, Fenniri H, Khademhosseini A, Andreadis ST, Cheng C. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels for manipulation of cell microenvironment: From chemistry to biofabrication technology. Prog Polym Sci 2019; 98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Georgiev VN, Grafmüller A, Bléger D, Hecht S, Kunstmann S, Barbirz S, Lipowsky R, Dimova R. Area Increase and Budding in Giant Vesicles Triggered by Light: Behind the Scene. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800432. [PMID: 30128249 PMCID: PMC6096984 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomembranes are constantly remodeled and in cells, these processes are controlled and modulated by an assortment of membrane proteins. Here, it is shown that such remodeling can also be induced by photoresponsive molecules. The morphological control of giant vesicles in the presence of a water-soluble ortho-tetrafluoroazobenzene photoswitch (F-azo) is demonstrated and it is shown that the shape transformations are based on an increase in membrane area and generation of spontaneous curvature. The vesicles exhibit budding and the buds can be retracted by using light of a different wavelength. In the presence of F-azo, the membrane area can increase by more than 5% as assessed from vesicle electrodeformation. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism and the partitioning of F-azo in the membrane, molecular dynamics simulations are employed. Comparison with theoretically calculated shapes reveals that the budded shapes are governed by curvature elasticity, that the spontaneous curvature can be decomposed into a local and a nonlocal contribution, and that the local spontaneous curvature is about 1/(2.5 µm). The results show that exo- and endocytotic events can be controlled by light and that these photoinduced processes provide an attractive method to change membrane area and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil N. Georgiev
- Department of Theory and Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Andrea Grafmüller
- Department of Theory and Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - David Bléger
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBrook‐Taylor‐Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBrook‐Taylor‐Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Sonja Kunstmann
- Department of Theory and Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
- Physikalische BiochemieUniversität PotsdamKarl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24‐2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Stefanie Barbirz
- Physikalische BiochemieUniversität PotsdamKarl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24‐2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Department of Theory and Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory and Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
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Claaßen C, Claaßen MH, Gohl F, Tovar GEM, Borchers K, Southan A. Photoinduced Cleavage and Hydrolysis of o
-Nitrobenzyl Linker and Covalent Linker Immobilization in Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800104. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Claaßen
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP; University of Stuttgart; Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Marc H. Claaßen
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology; Max-Planck-Ring 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Fabian Gohl
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP; University of Stuttgart; Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP; University of Stuttgart; Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Kirsten Borchers
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP; University of Stuttgart; Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP; University of Stuttgart; Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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He Y, Li F, Huang Y. Smart Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Based Techniques for Intracellular Delivery of Therapeutic Macromolecules. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:183-220. [PMID: 29680237 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many therapeutic macromolecules must enter cells to take their action. However, their treatment outcomes are often hampered by their poor transportation into target cells. Therefore, efficient intracellular delivery of these macromolecules is critical for improving their therapeutic efficacy. Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based approaches are one of the most efficient methods for intracellular delivery of macromolecular therapeutics. Nevertheless, poor specificity is a significant concern for systemic administrated CPP-based delivery systems. This chapter will review recent advances in CPP-mediated macromolecule delivery with a focus on various smart strategies which not only enhance the intracellular delivery but also improve the targeting specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United states.
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Ascione C, Sala A, Mazaheri-Tehrani E, Paulone S, Palmieri B, Blasi E, Cermelli C. Herpes simplex virus-1 entrapped in Candida albicans biofilm displays decreased sensitivity to antivirals and UVA1 laser treatment. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017; 16:72. [PMID: 29137671 PMCID: PMC5686830 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-017-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we published data suggesting a mutualistic relationship between HSV-1 and Candida. albicans; in particular: (a) HSV-1 infected macrophages are inhibited in their anti-Candida effector function and (b) Candida biofilm protects HSV-1 from inactivation. The present in vitro study is aimed at testing the effects of Candida biofilm on HSV-1 sensitivity to pharmacological and physical stress, such as antiviral drugs (acyclovir and foscarnet) and laser UVA1 irradiation. We also investigated whether fungus growth pattern, either sessile or planktonic, influences HSV-1 sensitivity to antivirals. METHODS Mature Candida biofilms were exposed to HSV-1 and then irradiated with laser light (UVA1, 355 λ). In another set of experiments, mature Candida biofilm were co-cultured with HSV-1 infected VERO cells in the presence of different concentrations of acyclovir or foscarnet. In both protocols, controls unexposed to laser or drugs were included. The viral yield of treated and untreated samples was evaluated by end-point titration. To evaluate whether this protective effect might occur in relation with a different growth pattern, HSV-1 infected cells were co-cultured with either sessile or planktonic forms of Candida and then assessed for susceptibility to antiviral drugs. RESULTS UVA1 irradiation caused a 2 Log reduction of virus yield in the control cultures whereas the reduction was only 1 Log with Candida biofilm, regardless to the laser dose applied to the experimental samples (50 or 100 J/cm2). The presence of biofilm increased the IC90 from 18.4-25.6 J/cm2. Acyclovir caused a 2.3 Log reduction of virus yield in the control cultures whereas with Candida biofilm the reduction was only 0.5 Log; foscarnet determined a reduction of 1.4 Log in the controls and 0.2 Log in biofilm cultures. Consequently, the ICs50 for acyclovir and foscarnet increased by 4- and 12-folds, respectively, compared to controls. When HSV-1 was exposed to either sessile or planktonic fungal cells, the antiviral treatments caused approximately the same weak reduction of virus yield. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that: (1) HSV-1 encompassed in Candida biofilm is protected from inactivation by physical (laser) and pharmacological (acyclovir or foscarnet) treatments; (2) the drug antiviral activity is reduced at a similar extent for both sessile or planktonic Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ascione
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Arianna Sala
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Elham Mazaheri-Tehrani
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simona Paulone
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Cermelli
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 87, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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12
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Luo J, Torres‐Kolbus J, Liu J, Deiters A. Genetic Encoding of Photocaged Tyrosines with Improved Light‐Activation Properties for the Optical Control of Protease Function. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1442-1447. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Jessica Torres‐Kolbus
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Jihe Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
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13
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Brown KA, Deiters A. Genetic Code Expansion of Mammalian Cells with Unnatural Amino Acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:187-199. [PMID: 26331526 DOI: 10.1002/9780470559277.ch150038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of the genetic code of mammalian cells enables the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins. This is achieved by adding components to the protein biosynthetic machinery, specifically an engineered aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair. The unnatural amino acids are chemically synthesized and supplemented to the growth medium. Using this methodology, fundamental new chemistries can be added to the functional repertoire of the genetic code of mammalian cells. This protocol outlines the steps necessary to incorporate a photocaged lysine into proteins and showcases its application in the optical triggering of protein translocation to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyn A Brown
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Deiters
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Lin W, Xie X, Yang Y, Liu H, Fu X, Chen Y, Liu H, Yang Y. Enhanced small interfering RNA delivery into cells by exploiting the additive effect between photo-sensitive peptides and targeting ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:1215-31. [PMID: 25880614 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To enhance the targeting delivery efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumour cells, a novel multifunctional liposome (PSP/NGR-L) comodified with photo-sensitive cell-penetrating peptides (PSP) and asparagine-glycine-arginine peptide (NGR) was constructed and investigated. METHODS PSP was conjugated to 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-maleimide(polyethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG2000 -MAL) to generate DSPE-PEG2000 -PSP and used to form PSP/NGR-L, the features of the liposomes were determined. HT-1080 and MCF-7 cells were used for cellular uptake tests, and the cellular uptake pathways were identified. Intracellular trafficking and endosomal escape were also evaluated. In-vitro siRNA transfection evaluations were carried out in HT-1080 cells. KEY FINDINGS The encapsulation efficiencies of liposomes were about 80%, and the mean particle sizes were around 100 nm. The targeting specificity of PSP/NGR-L was significantly enhanced via NGR navigation and ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. The internalization of PSP/NGR-L in HT-1080 cells was mediated by more than one cellular uptake mechanisms. The constructed nanocarrier could escape from the endosome to produce its effects in the cellular cytoplasm with the help of UV illumination. PSP/NGR-L could down-regulate expression of c-myc and augmented cell apoptosis in HT-1080 cells. CONCLUSIONS The application of combined PSP and NGR modifications may be a new approach for the selectively targeted delivery of siRNA to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, China
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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15
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Yang Y, Yang Y, Xie X, Cai X, Wang Z, Gong W, Zhang H, Li Y, Mei X. A near-infrared two-photon-sensitive peptide-mediated liposomal delivery system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:427-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Yang Y, Xie X, Yang Y, Zhang H, Mei X. Photo-Responsive and NGR-Mediated Multifunctional Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Tumor-Specific Therapy. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1328-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Xie X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Mei X. A photo-responsive peptide- and asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) peptide-mediated liposomal delivery system. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2445-2456. [PMID: 25693640 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1008707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of tunable peptides or materials with nanocarriers represents a promising approach for drug delivery to tumor cells. In this study, we report the development of a novel liposomal carrier system that exploits the cell surface binding synergism between photo-sensitive peptides (PSPs) and targeting ligands. The positive charges of the lysine residues on the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) were temporarily caged by the photolabile-protective groups (PG), thereby forming a PSP. Furthermore, this PSP enhances specific uptake into cancer cells after rapidly uncaging the PG via near-infrared (NIR) light illumination. In the circulatory system, the cell penetrability of PSP was hindered. In contrast, the asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) peptide moieties, selectively bind to CD13-positive tumors, were attached to the nanocarrier to facilitate the active accumulation of this liposomal carrier in tumor tissue. The dual-modified liposomes (PSP/NGR-L) were prepared by emulsification method, and the concentrations of DSPE-PEG2000-psCPP and DSPE-PEG5000-NGR in the liposomes were chosen to be 4% and 1% (molar ratio), respectively. The mean particle size of the PSP/NGR-L was about 95 nm, and the drug entrapment efficiency was more than 90%. Cellular uptake results demonstrated that the proposed PSP/NGR-L had an enhancement of cancer cell recognition and specific uptake. Furthermore, the PSP/NGR-L demonstrated a stronger antitumor efficacy in the HT-1080 tumor model in nude mice with the aid of NIR illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xie
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China.,b Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command , Wuhan , China , and
| | - Yanfang Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Yang Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Ying Li
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Xingguo Mei
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
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18
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Qureshi AT, Doyle A, Chen C, Coulon D, Dasa V, Del Piero F, Levi B, Monroe WT, Gimble JM, Hayes DJ. Photoactivated miR-148b-nanoparticle conjugates improve closure of critical size mouse calvarial defects. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:166-173. [PMID: 25462528 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inducible systems providing temporal control of differentiation have the potential to improve outcomes in surgical reconstruction and regenerative medicine by precise modulation of wound healing and tissue repair processes. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that nanoformulated microRNA (miRNA) conjugates activated via photo exposure can lead to the induced osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) in vivo. The conjugate PC-miR-148b-SNP, a mimic of miRNA-148b tethered to silver nanoparticles (SNPs) via a photolabile linker, was used to modulate gene expression for improved closure of a critical size defect drilled on the right parietal bone of male CD-1 nude homozygous mice. The PC-miR-148b-SNP conjugates added to hASCs and loaded to either Matrigel or polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds resulted in different levels of healing of the defect. After 4 and 12weeks, 3-D micro-computed tomography reconstructed images indicate statistically significant defect closure from 3.83±1.19% to 5.46±2.01% and 6.54±4.28% to 32.53±8.3% for non-photoactivated and photoactivated conjugates, respectively, in the PCL scaffolds. The results were confirmed with H&E and Masson's Trichrome stains in the transverse sections of photoactivated conjugates. Collagen fiber staining was greatest at 12weeks when it reached approximately the same density and thickness as the native calvarium. This technology provides a platform that can be used with other miRNAs that actively govern the pathways responsible for regenerative and wound healing processes.
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19
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Baker AS, Deiters A. Optical control of protein function through unnatural amino acid mutagenesis and other optogenetic approaches. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1398-407. [PMID: 24819585 DOI: 10.1021/cb500176x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biological processes are naturally regulated with high spatial and temporal resolution at the molecular, cellular, and systems level. To control and study processes with the same resolution, light-sensitive groups and domains have been employed to optically activate and deactivate protein function. Optical control is a noninvasive technique in which the amplitude, wavelength, spatial location, and timing of the light illumination can be easily controlled. This review focuses on applications of genetically encoded unnatural amino acids containing light-removable protecting groups to optically trigger protein function, while also discussing select optogenetic approaches using natural light-sensitive domains to engineer optical control of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin S. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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20
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Hemphill J, Govan J, Uprety R, Tsang M, Deiters A. Site-specific promoter caging enables optochemical gene activation in cells and animals. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7152-8. [PMID: 24802207 PMCID: PMC4333597 DOI: 10.1021/ja500327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In
cell and molecular biology, double-stranded circular DNA constructs,
known as plasmids, are extensively used to express a gene of interest.
These gene expression systems rely on a specific promoter region to
drive the transcription of genes either constitutively (i.e., in a
continually “ON” state) or conditionally (i.e., in response
to a specific transcription initiator). However, controlling plasmid-based
expression with high spatial and temporal resolution in cellular environments
and in multicellular organisms remains challenging. To overcome this
limitation, we have site-specifically installed nucleobase-caging
groups within a plasmid promoter region to enable optochemical control
of transcription and, thus, gene expression, via photolysis of the
caging groups. Through the light-responsive modification of plasmid-based
gene expression systems, we have demonstrated optochemical activation
of an exogenous fluorescent reporter gene in both tissue culture and
a live animal model, as well as light-induced overexpression of an
endogenous signaling protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hemphill
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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21
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Andrews RN, Mun KS, Scott C, Ho CC, Co CC. Rapid Prototyping of Heterotypic Cell-Cell Contacts. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:5773-5777. [PMID: 24466428 PMCID: PMC3899713 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Disparities in cellular behaviour between cultures of a single cell type and heterogeneous co-cultures require constructing spatially-defined arrays of multiple cell types. Such arrays are critical for investigating cellular properties as they exist in vivo. Current methods rely upon covalent surface modification or external physical micromanipulation to control cellular organization on a limited range of substrates. Here, we report a direct approach for creating co-cultures of different cell types by microcontact printing a photosensitive cell resist. The cell-resistant polymer converts to cell adhesive 0 with light exposure, thus the initial copolymer pattern dictates the position of both cell types. This strategy enables straightforward preparation of tailored heterotypic cell-cell contacts on materials ranging from polymers to metallic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross N. Andrews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Kyu-Shik Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Carl Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Chia-Chi Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Carlos C. Co
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221
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22
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miR-148b–Nanoparticle conjugates for light mediated osteogenesis of human adipose stromal/stem cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7799-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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23
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Loh QL, Choong C. Three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: role of porosity and pore size. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:485-502. [PMID: 23672709 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1424] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering applications commonly encompass the use of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to provide a suitable microenvironment for the incorporation of cells or growth factors to regenerate damaged tissues or organs. These scaffolds serve to mimic the actual in vivo microenvironment where cells interact and behave according to the mechanical cues obtained from the surrounding 3D environment. Hence, the material properties of the scaffolds are vital in determining cellular response and fate. These 3D scaffolds are generally highly porous with interconnected pore networks to facilitate nutrient and oxygen diffusion and waste removal. This review focuses on the various fabrication techniques (e.g., conventional and rapid prototyping methods) that have been employed to fabricate 3D scaffolds of different pore sizes and porosity. The different pore size and porosity measurement methods will also be discussed. Scaffolds with graded porosity have also been studied for their ability to better represent the actual in vivo situation where cells are exposed to layers of different tissues with varying properties. In addition, the ability of pore size and porosity of scaffolds to direct cellular responses and alter the mechanical properties of scaffolds will be reviewed, followed by a look at nature's own scaffold, the extracellular matrix. Overall, the limitations of current scaffold fabrication approaches for tissue engineering applications and some novel and promising alternatives will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li Loh
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Brown PK, Qureshi AT, Moll AN, Hayes DJ, Monroe WT. Silver nanoscale antisense drug delivery system for photoactivated gene silencing. ACS NANO 2013; 7:2948-59. [PMID: 23473419 DOI: 10.1021/nn304868y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The unique photophysical properties of noble metal nanoparticles contribute to their potential as photoactivated drug delivery vectors. Here we demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of 60-80 nm silver nanoparticles (SNPs) decorated with thiol-terminated photolabile DNA oligonucleotides. In vitro assays and fluorescent confocal microscopy of treated cell cultures show efficient UV-wavelength photoactivation of surface-tethered caged ISIS2302 antisense oligonucleotides possessing internal photocleavable linkers. As a demonstration of the advantages of these novel nanocarriers, we investigate properties including: enhanced stability to nucleases, increased hybridization activity upon photorelease, and efficient cellular uptake as compared to commercial transfection vectors. Their potential as multicomponent delivery agents for oligonucleotide therapeutics is shown through regulation of ICAM-1 (Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1) silencing. Our results suggest a means to achieve light-triggered, spatiotemporally controlled gene silencing via nontoxic silver nanocarriers, which hold promise as tailorable platforms for nanomedicine, gene expression studies, and genetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige K Brown
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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25
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Griffin DR, Kasko AM. Photodegradable macromers and hydrogels for live cell encapsulation and release. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13103-7. [PMID: 22765384 PMCID: PMC4180708 DOI: 10.1021/ja305280w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel scaffolds are commonly used as 3D carriers for cells because their properties can be tailored to match natural extracellular matrix. Hydrogels may be used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to deliver therapeutic cells to injured or diseased tissue through controlled degradation. Hydrolysis and enzymolysis are the two most common mechanisms employed for hydrogel degradation, but neither allows sequential or staged release of cells. In contrast, photodegradation allows external real-time spatial and temporal control over hydrogel degradation, and allows for staged and sequential release of cells. We synthesized and characterized a series of macromers incorporating photodegradbale ortho-nitrobenzyl (o-NB) groups in the macromer backbone. We formed hydrogels from these macromers via redox polymerization and quantified the apparent rate constants of degradation (kapp) of each via photorheology at 370 nm, 10 mW/cm(2). Decreasing the number of aryl ethers on the o-NB group increases kapp, and changing the functionality from primary to seconday at the benzylic site dramatically increases kapp. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) survive encapsulation in the hydrogels (90% viability postencapsulation). By exploiting the differences in reactivity of two different o-NB linkers, we quantitatively demonstrate the biased release of one stem cell population (green-fluoroescent protein expressing hMSCs) over another (red-fluorescent protein expressing hMSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R. Griffin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Eng V, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
| | - Andrea M. Kasko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Eng V, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
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26
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Abstract
The photoisomerization of azobenzene has been known for almost 75 years but only recently has this process been widely applied to biological systems. The central challenge of how to productively couple the isomerization process to a large functional change in a biomolecule has been met in a number of instances and it appears that effective photocontrol of a large variety of biomolecules may be possible. This critical review summarizes key properties of azobenzene that enable its use as a photoswitch in biological systems and describes strategies for using azobenzene photoswitches to drive functional changes in peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates (192 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Beharry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St. Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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27
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Shamay Y, Adar L, Ashkenasy G, David A. Light induced drug delivery into cancer cells. Biomaterials 2010; 32:1377-86. [PMID: 21074848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be used for intracellular delivery of a broad variety of cargoes, including various nanoparticulate pharmaceutical carriers. However, the cationic nature of all CPP sequences, and thus lack of cell specificity, limits their in vivo use for drug delivery applications. Here, we have devised and tested a strategy for site-specific delivery of dyes and drugs into cancer cells by using polymers bearing a light activated caged CPP (cCPP). The positive charge of Lys residues on the minimum sequence of the CPP penetratin ((52)RRMKWKK(58)) was masked with photo-cleavable groups to minimize non-specific adsorption and cellular uptake. Once illuminated by UV light, these protecting groups were cleaved, the positively charged CPP regained its activity and facilitated rapid intracellular delivery of the polymer-dye or polymer-drug conjugates into cancer cells. We have found that a 10-min light illumination time was sufficient to enhance the penetration of the polymer-CPP conjugates bearing the proapoptotic peptide, (D)(KLAKLAK)(2), into 80% of the target cells, and to promote a 'switch' like cytotoxic activity resulting a shift from 100% to 10% in cell viability after 2 h. This report provides an example for tumor targeting by means of light activation of cell-penetrating peptides for intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Shamay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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28
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Christensen T, Morisbak E, Tønnesen HH, Bruzell EM. In vitro photosensitization initiated by camphorquinone and phenyl propanedione in dental polymeric materials. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 100:128-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Kanellopoulos AJ. Collagen cross-linking in early keratoconus with riboflavin in a femtosecond laser-created pocket: initial clinical results. J Refract Surg 2010; 25:1034-7. [PMID: 19731884 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20090901-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel femtosecond laser-assisted technique for intrastromal administration of riboflavin and higher fluence ultraviolet a (UVA) light in collagen cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus. METHODS Ten eyes with early keratoconus were treated with CXL and followed for a mean of 26 months (range: 18 to 36 months). Using a femtosecond laser, a 100-microm deep, 7-mm diameter intrastromal pocket was created. Two 0.1-mL doses of 0.1% riboflavin solution were infused into the pocket and the cornea was irradiated with 7 mW/cm2 UVA light of mean 370 nm wavelength for 15 minutes. RESULTS Mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 20/40.5 to 20/32.5 best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was unchanged at 20/20, mean sphere was reduced by 0.50 diopters (D), mean cylinder was reduced by 0.90 D, and maximum mean keratometry (K) reduced from 48.7 to 47.90 D. No ectasia progression (defined as increase in K over 3-month follow-up) and no statistically significant change in endothelial cell count was noted during follow-up. The mean thinnest corneal thickness appeared to initially reduce but the mean returned to at least the preoperative level by 18 months. All patients returned to full activities within 1 day postoperative. No adverse effects were noted in any of the cases studies. CONCLUSIONS This novel epithelium-sparing, rapid soak-and-treat method of intrastromal riboflavin instillation and higher fluence UVA light for CXL appears to be safe and effective. No negative biomechanical effect (ectasia/epithelial ingrowth) was noted due to the femtosecond laser-created pocket. Because minimal epithelial injury occurs using this technique, postoperative pain appears to be significantly reduced.
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30
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Casey JP, Blidner RA, Monroe WT. Caged siRNAs for Spatiotemporal Control of Gene Silencing. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:669-85. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900082q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P. Casey
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and the LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Richard A. Blidner
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and the LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - W. Todd Monroe
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and the LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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31
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Miller D, Joshi A, Garner H. Controlling cell behavior using their high-resolution light-sensing capability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 28:89-90, 109. [PMID: 19150776 DOI: 10.1109/memb.2008.929892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, 2201 Inwood Road, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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32
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Dong Q, Todd Monroe W, Tiersch TR, Svoboda KR. UVA-induced photo recovery during early zebrafish embryogenesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2008; 93:162-71. [PMID: 18845445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
DNA photorepair has been widely studied in simple aquatic organisms that live in the marine environment, but is less understood in more complex species that live in freshwater. In the present study, we evaluated UVA-induced DNA photo recovery in embryonic stages of zebrafish, Danio rerio, a freshwater model species. Evaluation of UVB exposure and UVA photo recovery of zebrafish embryos revealed different UVB tolerances and capacities for UVA photo recovery at different stages of development. Effective UVA photo recovery was observed at 3h post-fertilization (hpf), 6-7 hpf, and 12 hpf, but not in the early cleavage stage (2-32 cells). UVA photo recovery was most effective during the gastrula stage (6-7 hpf) of development, and less effective at earlier stages (e.g., 3 hpf) or later stages (e.g., 12 hpf). Embryos at the cleavage stage of development were found to be tolerant to extreme levels of UVB exposure, and possible mechanisms were discussed. For embryos at 6-7 hpf, examination of time window (or delay of UVA exposure) that would still permit recovery from UVB exposure suggested a short time period of 2h. The transgenic fli-1 zebrafish with fluorescent vascular structure was used to show that embryos with normal morphological appearance could exhibit a disrupted vascular patterning, suggesting that this endpoint could provide a sensitive tool for detection of UV damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxiang Dong
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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33
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Blidner RA, Svoboda KR, Hammer RP, Monroe WT. Photoinduced RNA interference using DMNPE-caged 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro substituted nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:431-40. [PMID: 18414741 DOI: 10.1039/b801532e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various chemical modifications to RNA have been incorporated in attempts to improve their pharmacological properties for RNAi interference (RNAi). Recent studies have shown that small interfering RNA (siRNA) containing 2'-fluoro modifications can elicit gene silencing through RNAi. Despite developments in using chemical modifications for increased stability, safety, and efficiency of these therapeutics, they still face challenges of spatial and temporal targeting. One potential targeting strategy is to use photocaging techniques, which involve the covalent attachment of photolabile compounds to the effector nucleic acid species that block bioactivity until exposed to near UV light. In this study we demonstrate that fully 2'-fluorinated nucleic acids (FNAs) can be caged for photoactivated gene silencing in cell culture and in zebrafish embryos. This strategy combines the improvement in chemical and enzymatic stability associated with 2'-substitutions with the targeting ability of a photoinducible trigger. Statistical alkylation of FNAs with 1-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)diazoethane (DMNPE) improved resistance to enzymatic degradation, reduced RNAi effectiveness, and protected the biological system from toxic doses of the effector. Photo-exposure to 365 nm light partially restored the silencing activity of the 2'-fluoro siRNAs. These results suggest that photocaging may offer control over RNAi therapeutics for spatially and temporally directed activation, while improving enzymatic stability and potentially enabling therapeutic dosing via light dose intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Blidner
- Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Dong Q, Svoboda K, Tiersch TR, Monroe WT. Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: evidence for a competent photorepair system. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2007; 88:137-46. [PMID: 17716904 PMCID: PMC5600543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of UVB and UVA irradiation on hatch rate, mortality, and malformation were studied in embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish embryos has expanded from traditional developmental models to diverse studies, including many techniques utilizing light exposure. To characterize useful indicators of photodamage, the responses and threshold limits of UV radiation as a function of embryonic stage and fish source were evaluated. Significant differences in UVB susceptibility were observed in embryos at 3, 6-7, 12, and 24h post-fertilization (hpf), with the 1000-cell stage (3 hpf) having greatest tolerance to UVB. Embryos derived from zebrafish raised in outdoor ponds were more tolerant to UVB than were embryos from laboratory-raised fish. Combinations of UVB and UVA exposure were used to confirm the presence of a competent photorepair system in zebrafish that could return otherwise malformed embryos to a normal phenotype. Overall, embryonic zebrafish had large tolerances (LD(50) of 850 J/cm(2)) to UVA, confirming their suitability for photoactivation and photorepair studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxiang Dong
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, 149 E.B. Doran Building, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kurt Svoboda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, LA 70803, USA
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - W. Todd Monroe
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, 149 E.B. Doran Building, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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