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Li L, Hu J, Fu Y, Shi X, Du H, Xu J, Chen N. Direct Regioselective C-H Cyanation of Purines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030914. [PMID: 36770582 PMCID: PMC9920237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A direct regioselective C-H cyanation of purines was developed through a sequential triflic anhydride activation, nucleophilic cyanation with TMSCN, followed by a process of base-mediated elimination of triflous acid (CF3SO2H). In most cases, the direct C-H cyanation occurred on the electron-rich imidazole motif of purines, affording 8-cyanated purine derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. Various functional groups, including allyl, alkynyl, ketone, ester, nitro et al. were tolerated and acted as a C8 directing group. The electron-donating 6-diethylamino, as C2-directing group substituent, can switch the regioselectivity of purine from 8- to 2-position, enabling the synthesis of 8- and 2-cyano 6-dialkylaminopurines from corresponding 6-chloropurine in different reaction order. Further functional manipulations of the cyano group allow the conversions of 8-cyanopurines to corresponding purine amides, imidates, imidothioates, imidamides, oxazolines, and isothiazoles.
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Boivin L, Dupont W, Gendron D, Leclerc M. Biosourced Monomers: Toward Sustainable Conjugated Polymers for Organic Electronics. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis‐Philippe Boivin
- Department of Chemistry Université Laval 1045 Av. de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - William Dupont
- Department of Chemistry Université Laval 1045 Av. de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - David Gendron
- Kemitek Cégep de Thetford 835 Rue Mooney O Thetford Mines QC G6G 0A5 Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry Université Laval 1045 Av. de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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3
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Zucolotto Cocca LH, Pelosi AG, Piguel S, Mendonça CR, Boni LD. Enhancement of optical properties of new purine nucleobases containing electron-donating and -withdrawing peripheral groups. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112524. [PMID: 35843082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, a great deal of attention has been focused on synthesizing highly fluorescent unnatural base analogs. This has been motivated by the need to overcome the lack of fluorescence of nucleic acids' natural bases. Fluorescent unnatural base analogs, such as purines, may be used in several applications, such as DNA or RNA optical spectroscopy studies. Moreover, for purines base analogs, the optical properties, for example, emission, can be tunable through molecular engineering, improving their applications as fluorescent probes. Looking in this direction, the synthesis and optical spectroscopic studies of a new set of purines base analogs are of foremost relevance. Here, an increase in the fluorescence quantum yield was observed in molecules with NH-π-CN arrangement. The two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-sections also increased for the lower energy 2PA state. The enhancement of both properties results in a two-photon brightness of 5 and 10 times higher than in compounds lacking the NH-π-CN arrangement. For the higher energy 2PA state, an excited state absorption contribution to the 2PA cross-section values was observed, that was verified through ultrafast transient absorption measurements. The higher 2PA brightness makes the purines base analogs promising candidates as fluorescent probes in RNA and DNA spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro H Zucolotto Cocca
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - André G Pelosi
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandrine Piguel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS UMR 8076, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cleber Renato Mendonça
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo De Boni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Sebris A, Novosjolova I, Traskovskis K, Kokars V, Tetervenoka N, Vembris A, Turks M. Photophysical and Electrical Properties of Highly Luminescent 2/6-Triazolyl-Substituted Push-Pull Purines. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5242-5253. [PMID: 35187339 PMCID: PMC8851656 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
New push-pull N(9)-alkylated 6-piperidino-2-triazolylpurine and 2-piperidino-6-triazolylpurine derivatives are synthesized, and their optical and optoelectronic properties are comprehensively characterized with experimental and computational methods. The compounds possess intense violet or blue fluorescence with fluorescence quantum yields of up to 91% in solution and 40% in host-free films. Depending on their structural composition, the compounds have ionization energy in the range of 5.25-6.04 eV, electron affinity of 2.18-3.15 eV, and triplet energy of 2.52-2.95 eV. Due to the presence of hole-transporting purine and electron-transporting triazole fragments, compounds exhibit bipolar charge-transportation ability. Despite the favorable emissive properties of the studied push-pull purines, their electroluminescence in thin films is quenched owing to large current densities that are present even at a moderate driving voltage. This marks application directions related to a predominantly charge-transportation functionality as the most suitable for this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armands Sebris
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Irina Novosjolova
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Traskovskis
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Valdis Kokars
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Natalija Tetervenoka
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aivars Vembris
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ma̅ris Turks
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
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O'Connell CE, Sabury S, Jenkins JE, Collier GS, Sumpter BG, Long BK, Kilbey SM. Highly fluorescent purine-containing conjugated copolymers with tailored optoelectronic properties. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00545j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated copolymers containing electron donor and acceptor units in their main chain have emerged as promising materials for organic electronic devices due to their tunable optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Elizabeth O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Sina Sabury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J. Elias Jenkins
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Graham S. Collier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Jovaisaite J, Cīrule D, Jeminejs A, Novosjolova I, Turks M, Baronas P, Komskis R, Tumkevicius S, Jonusauskas G, Jursenas S. Proof of principle of a purine D-A-D' ligand based ratiometric chemical sensor harnessing complexation induced intermolecular PET. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26502-26508. [PMID: 33185211 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04091f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive photophysical study of a series of purines, doubly decorated at C2 and C6 positions with identical fragments ranging from electron acceptor to donor groups of different strengths, is presented. The asymmetry of substitutions creates a unique molecular D-A-D' structure possessing two independent electronic charge transfer (CT) systems attributed to each fragment and exhibiting dual-band fluorescence. Moreover, the inherent property of coordination of metal ions by purines was enriched due to a presence of nearby triazoles used as spacers for donor or acceptor fragments. New molecules present a bidentate coordination mode, which makes the assembly of several ligands with one metal cation possible. This property was exploited to create a new concept of a ratiometric chemical fluorescence sensor involving the photoinduced electron transfer between branches of different ligands as a mechanism of fluorescence modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Jovaisaite
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Av. 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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7
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Šišuļins A, Bucevičius J, Tseng YT, Novosjolova I, Traskovskis K, Bizdēna Ē, Chang HT, Tumkevičius S, Turks M. Synthesis and fluorescent properties of N(9)-alkylated 2-amino-6-triazolylpurines and 7-deazapurines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:474-489. [PMID: 30873231 PMCID: PMC6404417 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of novel fluorescent N(9)-alkylated 2-amino-6-triazolylpurine and 7-deazapurine derivatives is described. A new C(2)-regioselectivity in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of 9-alkylated-2,6-diazidopurines and 7-deazapurines with secondary amines has been disclosed. The obtained intermediates, 9-alkylated-2-amino-6-azido-(7-deaza)purines, were transformed into the title compounds by CuAAC reaction. The designed compounds belong to the push-pull systems and possess promising fluorescence properties with quantum yields in the range from 28% to 60% in acetonitrile solution. Due to electron-withdrawing properties of purine and 7-deazapurine heterocycles, which were additionally extended by triazole moieties, the compounds with electron-donating groups showed intramolecular charge transfer character (ICT/TICT) of the excited states which was proved by solvatochromic dynamics and supported by DFT calculations. In the 7-deazapurine series this led to increased fluorescence quantum yield (74%) in THF solution. The compounds exhibit low cytotoxicity and as such are useful for the cell labelling studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Šišuļins
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jonas Bucevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Irina Novosjolova
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Traskovskis
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ērika Bizdēna
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Sigitas Tumkevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
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8
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Saito Y, Hudson RH. Base-modified fluorescent purine nucleosides and nucleotides for use in oligonucleotide probes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Tsai MS, Ou CL, Tsai CJ, Huang YC, Cheng YC, Sun SS, Yang JS. Fluorescence Enhancement of Unconstrained GFP Chromophore Analogues Based on the Push–Pull Substituent Effect. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8031-8039. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shiue Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Ou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jui Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chin Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chung Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Kochman MA, Pola M, Miller RJD. Theoretical Study of the Photophysics of 8-Vinylguanine, an Isomorphic Fluorescent Analogue of Guanine. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6200-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał A. Kochman
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Bldg. 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Pola
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Bldg. 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße
9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. J. Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Bldg. 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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11
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Collier GS, Brown LA, Boone ES, Long BK, Kilbey SM. Synthesis of Main Chain Purine-Based Copolymers and Effects of Monomer Design on Thermal and Optical Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:682-687. [PMID: 35614655 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to incorporate diverse monomeric building blocks enables the development of advanced polymeric materials possessing a wide range of properties that suits them for myriad applications. Herein, that synthetic toolbox is expanded through the first report of purine-based copolymers in which purines are incorporated directly into the polymer main chain. Stille cross-coupling of dibromopurine monomers with benzodithiophene (BDT) comonomers is used to generate these "poly(purine)s", and variations in the substitution pattern of the purine monomer and BDT side-chains provides insight into the role of monomer design on their resultant thermal and photophysical properties. Specifically, thermal analyses show that poly(purine)s exhibit high thermal stability and high glass transition temperatures depending on the BDT side-chain substituents and substitution pattern of the purine-derived comonomer. Furthermore, optical properties measured via UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies show dependence on monomer substitution pattern. These findings demonstrate the viability of synthesizing poly(purine)s via metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and highlight the potential to tailor poly(purine) properties via simple alterations of comonomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Collier
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lauren A. Brown
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Evan S. Boone
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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13
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14
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Bou Zerdan R, Cohn P, Puodziukynaite E, Baker MB, Voisin M, Sarun C, Castellano RK. Synthesis, optical properties, and electronic structures of nucleobase-containing π-conjugated oligomers. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1828-40. [PMID: 25581330 DOI: 10.1021/jo502773g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular recognition properties of the nucleobases instruct the formation of complex three-dimensional architectures in natural and synthetic systems; relatively unexplored is their use as building blocks for π-conjugated materials where they might mutually tune electronic and supramolecular structures. Toward this goal, an introductory set (1a-d and 2a-d) of six purine-terminated and two pyrimidine-terminated π-conjugated oligomers has been synthesized and used to develop experimental electronic and photophysical structure-property trends. Unlike 2,2':5',2″-terthiophene (TTT) derivatives 2a-d, intramolecular charge transfer dominates oligomers 1a-d bearing a 4,7-bisthienylbenzothiadiazole (TBT) spacer due to the strong electron-accepting ability of its benzothiadiazole (BTD) ring. The resulting donor-acceptor-donor systems feature lower HOMO-LUMO gaps than the terthiophene-linked nucleobases (ΔE(g) ∼ 1.8 eV vs 2.4 eV based on electrochemical measurements), and the lowest so far for π-conjugated molecules that include nucleobases within the π-framework. Experiments reveal a dependence of photophysical and electronic structure on the nature of the nucleobase and are in good agreement with theoretical calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level. Overall, the results show how nucleobase heterocycles can be installed within π-systems to tune optical and electronic properties. Future work will evaluate the consequences of these information-rich components on supramolecular π-conjugated structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghida Bou Zerdan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Zilbershtein-Shklanovsky L, Weitman M, Major DT, Fischer B. Rules for the Design of Highly Fluorescent Nucleoside Probes: 8-(Substituted Cinnamyl)-Adenosine Analogues. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11999-2008. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402050x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lital Zilbershtein-Shklanovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Gonda-Goldschmied Medical Research Center and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva
Center of Computational Quantum Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Michal Weitman
- Department of Chemistry, Gonda-Goldschmied Medical Research Center and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva
Center of Computational Quantum Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dan Thomas Major
- Department of Chemistry, Gonda-Goldschmied Medical Research Center and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva
Center of Computational Quantum Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Bilha Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Gonda-Goldschmied Medical Research Center and the Lise-Meitner-Minerva
Center of Computational Quantum Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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16
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Lu GL, Ashoorzadeh A, Anderson RF, Patterson AV, Smaill JB. Synthesis of substituted 5-bromomethyl-4-nitroimidazoles and use for the preparation of the hypoxia-selective multikinase inhibitor SN29966. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Weinberger M, Berndt F, Mahrwald R, Ernsting NP, Wagenknecht HA. Synthesis of 4-Aminophthalimide and 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine C-Nucleosides as Isosteric Fluorescent DNA Base Substitutes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2589-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weinberger
- Department of Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg
6, Campus Süd, Geb. 30.42, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Falko Berndt
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2,
12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Mahrwald
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2,
12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus P. Ernsting
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2,
12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Department of Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg
6, Campus Süd, Geb. 30.42, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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18
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Zilbershtein L, Silberman A, Fischer B. 8-(p-CF3-cinnamyl)-modified purine nucleosides as promising fluorescent probes. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7763-73. [PMID: 21960279 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05681f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural nucleotides are not useful as fluorescent probes because of their low quantum yields. Therefore, a common methodology for the detection of RNA and DNA is the application of extrinsic fluorescent dyes coupled to bases in oligonucleotides. To overcome the many limitations from which fluorescent nucleotide-dye conjugates suffer, we have developed novel purine nucleosides with intrinsic fluorescence to be incorporated into oligonucleotide probes. For this purpose we synthesized adenosine and guanosine fluorescent analogues 7-25, conjugated at the C8 position with aryl/heteroaryl moieties either directly, or via alkenyl/alkynyl linkers. Directly conjugated analogues 7-14, exhibited high quantum yields, φ >0.1, and short λ(em) (<385 nm). Alkynyl conjugated analogues 22-25, exhibited low quantum yields, φ <0.075, and λ(em)<385 nm. The alkenyl conjugated analogues 15-21, exhibited λ(em) 408-459 nm. While analogues 15,16, and 20 bearing an EDG on the aryl moiety, exhibited φ <0.02, analogues 17, and 21 with EWG on the aryl moiety, exhibited extremely high quantum yields, φ ≈ 0.8, suggesting better intramolecular charge transfer. We determined the conformation of selected adenosine analogues. Directly conjugated analogue 8 and alkynyl conjugated analogue 22, adapted the syn conformation, whereas alkenyl conjugated analogue 15 adapted the anti conformation. Based on the long emission wavelengths, high quantum yields, anti conformation and base-paring compatibility, we suggest analogues 17 and 21 for further development as fluorescent probes for the sensitive detection of genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lital Zilbershtein
- Department of Chemistry, Gonda-Goldschmied Medical Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
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Čechová L, Jansa P, Šála M, Dračínský M, Holý A, Janeba Z. The optimized microwave-assisted decomposition of formamides and its synthetic utility in the amination reactions of purines. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sinkeldam RW, Greco NJ, Tor Y. Fluorescent analogs of biomolecular building blocks: design, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2579-619. [PMID: 20205430 PMCID: PMC2868948 DOI: 10.1021/cr900301e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 665] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renatus W. Sinkeldam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | | | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
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Younes AH, Zhang L, Clark RJ, Zhu L. Fluorescence of 5-arylvinyl-5'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyl ligands and their zinc complexes. J Org Chem 2010; 74:8761-72. [PMID: 19852467 DOI: 10.1021/jo901889y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of 5-arylvinyl-5'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyls (AVMBs, 1-9, 11) and their zinc complexes were studied. Similar 2,2'-bipyridyl-based ligands have been applied as optical sensors for metal ions and sensitizers for solar energy conversion. The goal of this investigation is to reveal the factors that determine the emission band shift and fluorescence quantum yield change of the title ligand system upon zinc binding. The outcome of this study will not only advance the fundamental understanding of the coordination-driven photophysical processes embodied in the AVMB platform but facilitate the rational design of fluorescent probes for metal ions, particularly zinc. The AVMB ligands were synthesized using the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. AVMBs containing electron-donating aryl groups show absorption and emission in the visible region, which can be assigned to charge-transfer transitions as supported by solvent-dependency and computational studies. The binding between AVMB ligands and zinc ion in acetonitrile was studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). A multicomponent equilibrium model is suggested that explains the multiple transitions evidenced in fluorescence titration isotherms. Coordination to zinc ion stabilizes the charge-transfer excited state of an AVMB ligand with an electron-donating aryl substituent, consequently results in bathochromic shifts in both absorption and emission. However, unlike the emission band shift, the fluorescence quantum yield change upon zinc complex formation does not have an intuitive correlation with the electronic nature of the aryl group. Lifetime measurements using the Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting method enabled the determination of nonradiative and radiative decay rate constants. Both rates of an AVMB ligand decrease upon zinc binding. The collective effect gives rise to the change in fluorescence quantum yield with the apparent lack of correlation with the electronic property of the aryl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Younes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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Butler RS, Cohn P, Tenzel P, Abboud KA, Castellano RK. Synthesis, Photophysical Behavior, and Electronic Structure of Push−Pull Purines. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 131:623-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ja806348z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn S. Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Pamela Cohn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Phillip Tenzel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Ronald K. Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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