1
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Coordination Versatility of NHC-metal Topologies in Asymmetric Catalysis: Synthetic Insights and Recent Trends. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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2
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Tendera L, Krummenacher I, Radius U. Cationic Nickel d9‐Metalloradicals [Ni(NHC)2]+. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tendera
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Anorganische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Anorganische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Udo Radius
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg GERMANY
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3
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Huang M, Tang M, Hu J, Westcott SA, Radius U, Marder TB. Cu-mediated vs. Cu-free selective borylation of aryl alkyl sulfones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:395-398. [PMID: 34901977 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06144e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A Cu-catalysed borylation of aryl alkyl sulfones was developed for the high yield synthesis of versatile arylboronic esters using a readily prepared NHC-Cu catalyst. In addition, the selective cleavage of either alkyl(C)-sulfonyl or aryl(C)-sulfonyl bonds of a cyclic sulfone via Cu-free or Cu-mediated processes generates the corresponding sulfinate salts, which can be further derivatised to provide sulfonyl-containing boronate esters, such as sulfones and sulfonyl fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Huang
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Man Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiefeng Hu
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Stephen A Westcott
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
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4
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Sabater S, Schmidt D, Schmidt H(S, Kuntze‐Fechner MW, Zell T, Isaac CJ, Rajabi NA, Grieve H, Blackaby WJM, Lowe JP, Macgregor SA, Mahon MF, Radius U, Whittlesey MK. [Ni(NHC) 2 ] as a Scaffold for Structurally Characterized trans [H-Ni-PR 2 ] and trans [R 2 P-Ni-PR 2 ] Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:13221-13234. [PMID: 34190374 PMCID: PMC8518396 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The addition of PPh2 H, PPhMeH, PPhH2 , P(para-Tol)H2 , PMesH2 and PH3 to the two-coordinate Ni0 N-heterocyclic carbene species [Ni(NHC)2 ] (NHC=IiPr2 , IMe4 , IEt2 Me2 ) affords a series of mononuclear, terminal phosphido nickel complexes. Structural characterisation of nine of these compounds shows that they have unusual trans [H-Ni-PR2 ] or novel trans [R2 P-Ni-PR2 ] geometries. The bis-phosphido complexes are more accessible when smaller NHCs (IMe4 >IEt2 Me2 >IiPr2 ) and phosphines are employed. P-P activation of the diphosphines R2 P-PR2 (R2 =Ph2 , PhMe) provides an alternative route to some of the [Ni(NHC)2 (PR2 )2 ] complexes. DFT calculations capture these trends with P-H bond activation proceeding from unconventional phosphine adducts in which the H substituent bridges the Ni-P bond. P-P bond activation from [Ni(NHC)2 (Ph2 P-PPh2 )] adducts proceeds with computed barriers below 10 kcal mol-1 . The ability of the [Ni(NHC)2 ] moiety to afford isolable terminal phosphido products reflects the stability of the Ni-NHC bond that prevents ligand dissociation and onward reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sabater
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | | | | | - Thomas Zell
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Connie J. Isaac
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Nasir A. Rajabi
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
| | - Harry Grieve
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | | | - John P. Lowe
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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5
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Huang M, Wu Z, Krebs J, Friedrich A, Luo X, Westcott SA, Radius U, Marder TB. Ni-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Sulfoxides. Chemistry 2021; 27:8149-8158. [PMID: 33851475 PMCID: PMC8252015 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A nickel/N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalytic system has been developed for the borylation of aryl sulfoxides with B2 (neop)2 (neop=neopentyl glycolato). A wide range of aryl sulfoxides with different electronic and steric properties were converted into the corresponding arylboronic esters in good yields. The regioselective borylation of unsymmetric diaryl sulfoxides was also feasible leading to borylation of the sterically less encumbered aryl substituent. Competition experiments demonstrated that an electron-deficient aryl moiety reacts preferentially. The origin of the selectivity in the Ni-catalyzed borylation of electronically biased unsymmetrical diaryl sulfoxide lies in the oxidative addition step of the catalytic cycle, as oxidative addition of methoxyphenyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl sulfoxide to the Ni(0) complex occurs selectively to give the structurally characterized complex trans-[Ni(ICy)2 (4-CF3 -C6 H4 ){(SO)-4-MeO-C6 H4 }] 4. For complex 5, the isomer trans-[Ni(ICy)2 (C6 H5 )(OSC6 H5 )] 5-I was structurally characterized in which the phenyl sulfinyl ligand is bound via the oxygen atom to nickel. In solution, the complex trans-[Ni(ICy)2 (C6 H5 )(OSC6 H5 )] 5-I is in equilibrium with the S-bonded isomer trans-[Ni(ICy)2 (C6 H5 )(SOC6 H5 )] 5, as shown by NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations reveal that these isomers are separated by a mere 0.3 kJ/mol (M06/def2-TZVP-level of theory) and connected via a transition state trans-[Ni(ICy)2 (C6 H5 )(η2 -{SO}-C6 H5 )], which lies only 10.8 kcal/mol above 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Huang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChongqing Normal UniversityChongqing401331China
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryMount Allison UniversitySackvilleNB E4L 1G8Canada
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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6
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Tendera L, Schaub T, Krahfuss MJ, Kuntze‐Fechner MW, Radius U. Large vs. Small NHC Ligands in Nickel(0) Complexes: The Coordination of Olefins, Ketones and Aldehydes at [Ni(NHC)
2
]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tendera
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Schaub
- CaRLa (Catalysis Research Laboratory) Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Organic Synthesis BASF SE Carl‐Bosch‐Strasse 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Mirjam J. Krahfuss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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7
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Berthel JHJ, Krahfuß MJ, Radius U. Nickel Tetracarbonyl as Starting Material for the Synthesis of NHC‐stabilized Nickel(II) Allyl Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H. J. Berthel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mirjam J. Krahfuß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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8
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Ganguly T, Majumdar A. Comparative Study for the Cobalt(II)- and Iron(II)-Mediated Desulfurization of Disulfides Demonstrating That the C–S Bond Cleavage Step Precedes the S–S Bond Cleavage Step. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4037-4048. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Ganguly
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amit Majumdar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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9
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview of C-H activation methods promoted by NHC-transition metal complexes, covering the literature since 2002 (the year of the first report on metal-NHC-catalyzed C-H activation) through June 2019, focusing on both NHC ligands and C-H activation methods. This review covers C-H activation reactions catalyzed by group 8 to 11 NHC-metal complexes. Through discussing the role of NHC ligands in promoting challenging C-H activation methods, the reader is provided with an overview of this important area and its crucial role in forging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds by directly engaging ubiquitous C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
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10
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Berthel JHJ, Tendera L, Kuntze-Fechner MW, Kuehn L, Radius U. NHC-Stabilized Nickel Olefin, Dialkyl, and Dicyanido Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H. J. Berthel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lukas Tendera
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Laura Kuehn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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11
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Lubitz K, Radius U. The Coupling of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes to Terminal Alkynes at Half Sandwich Cobalt NHC Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lubitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Kuehn L, Jammal DG, Lubitz K, Marder TB, Radius U. Stoichiometric and Catalytic Aryl−Cl Activation and Borylation using NHC‐stabilized Nickel(0) Complexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:9514-9521. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuehn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Dominik G. Jammal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina Lubitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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13
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Danopoulos AA, Simler T, Braunstein P. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3730-3961. [PMID: 30843688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands across the Periodic Table had an impact on various aspects of the coordination, organometallic, and catalytic chemistry of the 3d metals, including Cu, Ni, and Co, both from the fundamental viewpoint but also in applications, including catalysis, photophysics, bioorganometallic chemistry, materials, etc. In this review, the emergence, development, and state of the art in these three areas are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , Athens GR 15771 , Greece.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Thomas Simler
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
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14
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Kuntze-Fechner MW, Kerpen C, Schmidt D, Häring M, Radius U. NHC Nickel Catalyzed Hiyama- and Negishi-Type Cross-Coupling of Aryl Fluorides and Investigations on the Stability of Nickel(II) Fluoroaryl Alkyl Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Kerpen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mathias Häring
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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15
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Kuehn L, Eichhorn AF, Marder TB, Radius U. Copper(I) complexes of N-alkyl-substituted N-Heterocyclic carbenes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Acharya S, Bandyopadhyay P, Das P, Biswas S, Biswas AN. Alkyl-sulfur versus aryl-sulfur bond cleavage in tridentate alkylthiophenylazonaphthols by group 9 metal ions. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Lubitz K, Sharma V, Shukla S, Berthel JHJ, Schneider H, Hoßbach C, Radius U. Asymmetrically Substituted Tetrahedral Cobalt NHC Complexes and Their Use as ALD as well as Low-Temperature CVD Precursors. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lubitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Varun Sharma
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shashank Shukla
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes H. J. Berthel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heidi Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoßbach
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Paul USD, Radius U. Synthesis and Reactivity of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene Stabilized Nickel Carbonyl Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula S. D. Paul
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Yang J, Xiao J, Chen T, Yin SF, Han LB. Efficient nickel-catalyzed phosphinylation of C–S bonds forming C–P bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12233-12236. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first nickel-catalyzed phosphinylation of C–S bonds forming C–P bonds is developed. The reaction can proceed readily with the simple Ni(cod)2 at a loading down to 0.1 mol% at the 10 mmol scale. Various aryl sulfur compounds, i.e. sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones all couple with P(O)–H compounds to produce the corresponding organophosphorus compounds, which provides an efficient new method for the construction of C–P bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Li-Biao Han
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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20
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Xu L, Chung LW, Wu YD. Mechanism of Ni-NHC Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers: Roles of the Excess Base. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Laboratory
of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Department
of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Laboratory
of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Würtemberger-Pietsch S, Radius U, Marder TB. 25 years of N-heterocyclic carbenes: activation of both main-group element-element bonds and NHCs themselves. Dalton Trans 2015; 45:5880-95. [PMID: 26675582 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are widely used ligands and reagents in modern inorganic synthesis as well as in homogeneous catalysis and organocatalysis. However, NHCs are not always innocent bystanders. In the last few years, more and more examples were reported of reactions of NHCs with main-group elements which resulted in modification of the NHC. Many of these reactions lead to ring expansion and the formation of six-membered heterocyclic rings involving insertion of the heteroatom into the C-N bond and migration of hydrides, phenyl groups or boron-containing fragments. Furthermore, a few related NHC rearrangements were observed some decades ago. In this Perspective, we summarise the history of NHC ring expansion reactions from the 1960s till the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Würtemberger-Pietsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. u.radius@uni-wuerzburg
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22
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Sipos G, Drinkel EE, Dorta R. The emergence of sulfoxides as efficient ligands in transition metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3834-60. [PMID: 25954773 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoxides are capable of forming stable complexes with transition metals and there have been many comprehensive studies into their binding properties. However, the use of sulfoxides, particularly chiral sulfoxides, as ligands in transition metal catalysis is rather less well developed. This review aims to describe these catalytic studies and covers new developments that are showing very promising results and that have led to a renewed interest in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gellért Sipos
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009, Crawley, Australia.
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24
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Hering F, Nitsch J, Paul U, Steffen A, Bickelhaupt FM, Radius U. Bite-angle bending as a key for understanding group-10 metal reactivity of d 10-[M(NHC) 2] complexes with sterically modest NHC ligands. Chem Sci 2014; 6:1426-1432. [PMID: 29560231 PMCID: PMC5811130 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02998d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical investigations on the novel 14 VE complexes [M0(iPr2Im)2] (M = Pd 3, Pt 4; iPr2Im = 1,3-di-isopropyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene) and a comparison to their Ni congener reveal that NHC–M–NHC angle bending is a key to understand the reactivity of d10-[M(NHC)2] complexes.
Synthesis, characterization and investigations on the reactivity of the novel metal basic, yet isolable 14 VE NHC-complexes [M0(iPr2Im)2] (M = Pd 3, Pt 4; iPr2Im = 1,3-di-isopropyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene; VE = valence electron; NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) is reported and compared to the chemistry of the corresponding nickel complex. Quantum chemical analyses reveal that differences in the reactivity of group 10 NHC complexes are caused by differences in the rigidity and thus activation strain associated with bending the corresponding d10-[M(NHC)2] fragments during reaction. These results should have implications for the understanding of the fundamental steps in catalytic cycles, in which such complex fragments are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hering
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Ursula Paul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling , VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , NL-1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecules and Materials , Radboud University Nijmegen , Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany .
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25
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Wei Y, Petronilho A, Mueller-Bunz H, Albrecht M. Mesoionic Triazolylidene Nickel Complexes: Synthesis, Ligand Lability, and Catalytic C–C Bond Formation Activity. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500593s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Wei
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ana Petronilho
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helge Mueller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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26
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Brendel M, Braun C, Rominger F, Hofmann P. Nickel(0)- und Platin(0)-Bis-NHC-Chelatkomplexe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201401024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Brendel M, Braun C, Rominger F, Hofmann P. Bis-NHC Chelate Complexes of Nickel(0) and Platinum(0). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8741-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201401024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Schmidt D, Zell T, Schaub T, Radius U. Si–H bond activation at {(NHC)2Ni0} leading to hydrido silyl and bis(silyl) complexes: a versatile tool for catalytic Si–H/D exchange, acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of hydrosilanes, and hydrogenation of disilanes to hydrosilanes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:10816-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01250j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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29
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Fang M, Engelhard MH, Zhu Z, Helm ML, Roberts JAS. Electrodeposition from Acidic Solutions of Nickel Bis(benzenedithiolate) Produces a Hydrogen-Evolving Ni–S Film on Glassy Carbon. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400675u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fang
- Center
for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 (K2-57), Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mark H. Engelhard
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Monte L. Helm
- Center
for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 (K2-57), Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John A. S. Roberts
- Center
for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 (K2-57), Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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30
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Wang Y, Zhao F, Zhou Y, Chi Y, Wang Z, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Mechanistic Study on the Cleavage and Reorganization of C(sp3)H and CN Bonds in Carbodiimides: Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydrothiopyrimidines and 2,3-Dihydropyrimidinthiones through Four-Component Coupling. Chemistry 2013; 19:10643-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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Hemberger P, Bodi A, Gerber T, Würtemberger M, Radius U. Unimolecular Reaction Mechanism of an Imidazolin-2-ylidene: An iPEPICO Study on the Complex Dissociation of an Arduengo-Type Carbene. Chemistry 2013; 19:7090-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Zarzycki B, Zell T, Schmidt D, Radius U. P4Activation at Ni0: Selective Formation of an NHC-Stabilized, Dinuclear Nickel Complex [Ni2(iPr2Im)4(μ,η2:2-P2)]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Wang L, He W, Yu Z. Transition-metal mediated carbon–sulfur bond activation and transformations. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:599-621. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35323g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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34
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Zell T, Radius U. Carbon Halide Bond Activation of Aroyl Halides using an NHC-stabilized Nickel(0) Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Schmidt D, Berthel JHJ, Pietsch S, Radius U. CN Bond Cleavage and Ring Expansion of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes using Hydrosilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8881-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Fischer P, Linder T, Radius U. [Ni(iPr2Im)2Br2]: A Convenient Entry into NHC Nickel Chemistry. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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37
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Schmidt D, Berthel JHJ, Pietsch S, Radius U. C-N-Bindungsspaltung und Ringerweiterung N-heterocyclischer Carbene durch Hydrosilane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Zell T, Fischer P, Schmidt D, Radius U. C–Br Activation of Aryl Bromides at Ni0(NHC)2: Stoichiometric Reactions, Catalytic Application in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling, and Catalyst Degradation. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300399j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zell
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Fischer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Dürr S, Ertler D, Radius U. Symmetrical P4 Cleavage at Cobalt: Characterization of Intermediates on the Way from P4 to Coordinated P2 Units. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:3904-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300219w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dürr
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Daniel Ertler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
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40
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Dürr S, Zarzycki B, Ertler D, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Radius U. Aerobic CO Oxidation of a Metal-Bound Carbonyl in a NHC-Stabilized Cobalt Half-Sandwich Complex. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201037w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dürr
- Institut für
Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bartosz Zarzycki
- Institut für
Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Ertler
- Institut für
Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Udo Radius
- Institut für
Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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41
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Fischer P, Götz K, Eichhorn A, Radius U. Decisive Steps of the Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroaromatics using [Ni(NHC)2]. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om2009815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fischer
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Kathrin Götz
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Antonius Eichhorn
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg,
Germany
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42
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Johnson SA, Hatnean JA, Doster ME. Functionalization of Fluorinated Aromatics by Nickel-Mediated CH and CF Bond Oxidative Addition: Prospects for the Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Pharmaceuticals. PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118148235.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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43
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Lee E, Yandulov DV. Synthesis and characterization of Pd(IMe)2, and its reactivity by C–S oxidative addition of DMSO. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Zell T, Radius U. Carbon Halide Bond Activation of Benzyl Chloride and Benzyl Bromide Using An NHC-Stabilized Nickel(0) Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Oertel AM, Freudenreich J, Gein J, Ritleng V, Veiros LF, Chetcuti MJ. Intramolecular Nitrile C–H Bond Activation in Nickel NHC Complexes: A Route to New Nickelacycles. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200246k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Schaub T, Fischer P, Meins T, Radius U. Consecutive C-F Bond Activation of Hexafluorobenzene and Decafluorobiphenyl. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Stoichiometric and catalytic C–Cl activation of Aryl Chlorides using an NHC-stabilized nickel(0) complex. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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48
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Lee JH, Jeon HT, Kim YJ, Lee KE, Ok Jang Y, Lee SW. Facile Oxidative Addition of Organic Halides to Heteroleptic and Homoleptic Pd0-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Zell T, Schaub T, Radacki K, Radius U. Si–H Activation of hydrosilanes leading to hydrido silyl and bis(silyl) nickel complexes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:1852-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Würtemberger M, Ott T, Döring C, Schaub T, Radius U. Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrakis(carbene)ruthenium(II) Complexes Featuring an [Ru(NHC)4]2+ Core. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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