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Hayakawa I, Isogai T, Takanishi J, Asai S, Ando C, Tsutsumi T, Watanabe K, Sakakura A, Tsunematsu Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of coprinoferrin, an acylated tripeptide hydroxamate siderophore. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:831-837. [PMID: 38175167 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01850d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Coprinoferrin (CPF), originally isolated from a genetically engineered strain (ΔlaeA) of the mushroom fungus Coprinopsis cinerea, is an acylated tripeptide hydroxamate consisting of tandem aligned N5-hexanoyl-N5-hydroxy-L-ornithine with modifications of N-acetyl and C-carboxamide. These unique chemical properties make CPF an iron(III) binder (siderophore), which helps in iron acquisition from the environment and promotes hyphal growth as well as fruiting body formation in C. cinerea. However, CPF's detailed mode of action remains enigmatic. In this study, we have accomplished the synthesis of CPF from N-Boc-L-glutamic acid 5-benzyl ester. The physicochemical characteristics, spectroscopic features, and biological activity observed in the synthetic CPF closely match those of natural CPF. This alignment provides unequivocal confirmation of the proposed chemical structure, facilitating a deeper understanding of its physiological role in nature, particularly in fruiting body formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Isogai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Jun Takanishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shihori Asai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Chika Ando
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan.
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Akira Sakakura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Yuta Tsunematsu
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
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2
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Meng Z, Spohr SM, Tobegen S, Farès C, Fürstner A. A Unified Approach to Polycyclic Alkaloids of the Ingenamine Estate: Total Syntheses of Keramaphidin B, Ingenamine, and Nominal Njaoamine I. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14402-14414. [PMID: 34448391 PMCID: PMC8431342 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Many
polycyclic marine
alkaloids are thought to derive from partly
reduced macrocyclic alkylpyridine derivatives via a transannular Diels–Alder
reaction that forms their common etheno-bridged diaza-decaline core
(“Baldwin–Whitehead hypothesis”). Rather than
trying to emulate this biosynthesis pathway, a route to these natural
products following purely chemical logic was pursued. Specifically,
a Michael/Michael addition cascade provided rapid access to this conspicuous
tricyclic scaffold and allowed different handles to be introduced
at the bridgehead quarternary center. This flexibility opened opportunities
for the formation of the enveloping medium-sized and macrocyclic rings.
Ring closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) proved most reliable and became
a recurrent theme en route to keramaphidin B, ingenamine, xestocyclamine
A, and nominal njaoamine I (the structure of which had to be corrected
in the aftermath of the synthesis). Best results were obtained with
molybdenum alkylidyne catalysts endowed with (tripodal) silanolate
ligands, which proved fully operative in the presence of tertiary
amines, quinoline, and other Lewis basic sites. RCAM was successfully
interlinked with macrolactamization, an intricate hydroboration/protonation/alkyl-Suzuki
coupling sequence, or ring closing olefin metathesis (RCM) for the
closure of the second lateral ring; the use of RCM for the formation
of an 11-membered cycle is particularly noteworthy. Equally rare are
RCM reactions that leave a pre-existing triple bond untouched, as
the standard ruthenium catalysts are usually indiscriminative vis-à-vis
the different π-bonds. Of arguably highest significance, however,
is the use of two consecutive or even concurrent RCAM reactions en
route to nominal njaoamine I as the arguably most complex of the chosen
targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchao Meng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Simon M Spohr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sandra Tobegen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Farès
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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George GPC, Pisaneschi F, Nguyen QD, Aboagye EO. Positron emission tomographic imaging of CXCR4 in cancer: challenges and promises. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 25341373 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is an attractive platform for noninvasive detection and assessment of cancer. In recent years, the targeted imaging of the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a chemokine receptor that has been associated with tumor metastasis, has become an area of intensive research. This review article focuses on positron emission tomography (PET) and aims to provide useful and critical insights into the application of PET to characterize CXCR4 expression, including the chemical, radiosynthetic, and biological requirements for PET radiotracers. This discussion is informed by a summary of the different approaches taken so far and a comparison of their clinical translation. Finally, our expert opinions as to potential future advances in the field are expressed.
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Progress toward rationally designed small-molecule peptide and peptidomimetic CXCR4 antagonists. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1261-83. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 5 years, X-ray structures of CXCR4 in complex with three different ligands (the small-molecule antagonist IT1t, the polypeptide antagonist CVX15 and the viral chemokine antagonist vMIP-II) have been released. In addition to the inherent scientific value of these specific X-ray structures, they provide a reliable structural foundation for studies of the molecular interactions between CXCR4 and its key peptide ligands (CXCL12 and HIV-1 gp120), and serve as valuable templates for further development of small-molecule CXCR4 antagonists with therapeutic potential. We here review recent computational studies of the molecular interactions between CXCR4 and its peptide ligands – based on the X-ray structures of CXCR4 – and the current status of small-molecule peptide and peptidomimetic CXCR4 antagonists.
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Aihara K, Inokuma T, Komiya C, Shigenaga A, Otaka A. Synthesis of lactam-bridged cyclic peptides using sequential olefin metathesis and diimide reduction reactions. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Van CT, Zdobinsky T, Seebohm G, Nennstiel D, Zerbe O, Scherkenbeck J. Structural Prerequisites for Receptor Binding of Helicokinin I, a Diuretic Insect Neuropeptide fromHelicoverpa zea. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Juknaitė L, Sugamata Y, Tokiwa K, Ishikawa Y, Takamizawa S, Eng A, Sakai R, Pickering DS, Frydenvang K, Swanson GT, Kastrup JS, Oikawa M. Studies on an (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist IKM-159: asymmetric synthesis, neuroactivity, and structural characterization. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2283-93. [PMID: 23432124 PMCID: PMC4485398 DOI: 10.1021/jm301590z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
IKM-159 was developed and identified as a member of a new class of heterotricyclic glutamate analogues that act as AMPA receptor-selective antagonists. However, it was not known which enantiomer of IKM-159 was responsible for its pharmacological activities. Here, we report in vivo and in vitro neuronal activities of both enantiomers of IKM-159 prepared by enantioselective asymmetric synthesis. By employment of (R)-2-amino-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol as a chiral auxiliary, (2R)-IKM-159 and the (2S)-counterpart were successfully synthesized in 0.70% and 1.5% yields, respectively, over a total of 18 steps. Both behavioral and electrophysiological assays showed that the biological activity observed for the racemic mixture was reproduced only with (2R)-IKM-159, whereas the (2S)-counterpart was inactive in both assays. Racemic IKM-159 was crystallized with the ligand-binding domain of GluA2, and the structure revealed a complex containing (2R)-IKM-159 at the glutamate binding site. (2R)-IKM-159 locks the GluA2 in an open form, consistent with a pharmacological action as competitive antagonist of AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Juknaitė
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Yutaro Sugamata
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tokiwa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Andrew Eng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Geoffrey T. Swanson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Masato Oikawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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Fernandes RA, Chavan VP. A 12-membered to a strained 11-membered ring: first stereoselective total synthesis of (−)-asteriscunolide C. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3354-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Kuil J, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB. Imaging agents for the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5239-61. [PMID: 22743644 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12) is a natural regulatory process in the human body. However, CXCR4 over-expression is also found in diseases such as cancer, where it plays a role in, among others, the metastatic spread. For this reason it is an interesting biomarker for the field of diagnostic oncology, and therefore, it is gaining increasing interest for applications in molecular imaging. Especially "small-molecule" imaging agents based on T140, FC131 and AMD3100 have been extensively studied. SDF-1, antibodies, pepducins and bioluminescence have also been used to visualize CXCR4. In this critical review reported CXCR4 targeting imaging agents are described based on their affinity, specificity and biodistribution. The level wherein CXCR4 is up-regulated in cancer patients and its relation to the different cell lines and animal models used to evaluate the efficacy of the imaging agents is also discussed (221 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Kuil
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Cai Z, Yongpruksa N, Harmata M. Total Synthesis of the Terpenoid Buddledone A: 11-Membered Ring-Closing Metathesis. Org Lett 2012; 14:1661-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300400x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Nattawut Yongpruksa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Michael Harmata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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11
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Bogdan AR, Jerome SV, Houk KN, James K. Strained cyclophane macrocycles: impact of progressive ring size reduction on synthesis and structure. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2127-38. [PMID: 22133103 DOI: 10.1021/ja208503y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and calculated strain energies are reported for a homologous series of 11- to 14-membered drug-like cyclophane macrocycles, representing an unusual region of chemical space that can be difficult to access synthetically. The ratio of macrocycle to dimer, generated via a copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition macrocyclization in flow at elevated temperature, could be rationalized in terms of the strain energy in the macrocyclic product. The progressive increase in strain resulting from reduction in macrocycle ring size, or the introduction of additional conformational constraints, results in marked deviations from typical geometries. These strained cyclophane macrocyclic systems provide access to spatial orientations of functionality that would not be readily available in unstrained or acyclic analogs. The most strained system prepared represents the first report of an 11-membered cyclophane containing a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole ring and establishes a limit to the ring strain that can be generated using this macrocycle synthesis methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Bogdan
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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12
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Oishi S, Fujii N. Peptide and peptidomimetic ligands for CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5720-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25107h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Pérez‐Nueno VI, Ritchie DW. Applying in silico tools to the discovery of novel CXCR4 inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I. Pérez‐Nueno
- INRIA Nancy – Grand Est, LORIA (Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications), Vandoeuvre‐les‐Nancy, France
| | - David W. Ritchie
- INRIA Nancy – Grand Est, LORIA (Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications), Vandoeuvre‐les‐Nancy, France
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14
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van den Broek SBAMW, Rensen PGW, van Delft FL, Rutjes FPJT. Expedient Pathway into Optically Active 2-Oxopiperidines. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Pérez de Vega MJ, García-Aranda MI, González-Muñiz R. A role for ring-closing metathesis in medicinal chemistry: Mimicking secondary architectures in bioactive peptides. Med Res Rev 2010; 31:677-715. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the Year 2007. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Swamy KCK, Kumar NNB, Balaraman E, Kumar KVPP. Mitsunobu and Related Reactions: Advances and Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2551-651. [PMID: 19382806 DOI: 10.1021/cr800278z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 873] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - N. N. Bhuvan Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - E. Balaraman
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
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Mosley CA, Wilson LJ, Wiseman JM, Skudlarek JW, Liotta DC. Recent patents regarding the discovery of small molecule CXCR4antagonists. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:23-38. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770802553483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shim H, Oishi S, Fujii N. Chemokine receptor CXCR4 as a therapeutic target for neuroectodermal tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:123-34. [PMID: 19084067 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) are a family of proteins associated with the trafficking and activation of leukocytes and other cell types in immune surveillance and inflammatory response. Besides their roles in the immune system, they play pleiotropic roles in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. Chemokines can be classified into four subfamilies of chemokines, CXC, CC, C, or CX3C, based on their number and spacing of conserved cysteine residues near the N-terminus. This CXC subfamily can be further subclassified into two groups, depending on the presence or absence of a tripeptide motif glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) in the N-terminal domain. ELR(-)CXCL12, which binds to CXCR4 has been frequently implicated in various cancers. Over the past several years, studies have increasingly shown that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays critical roles in tumor progression, such as invasion, angiogenesis, survival, homing to metastatic sites. This review focuses on involvement of CXCR4/CXCL12 interaction in neuroectodermal cancers and their therapeutic potentials. As an attractive therapeutic target of CXCR4/CXCL12 axis for cancer chemotherapy, development history and application of CXCR4 antagonists are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Liu Z, Hu BH, Messersmith PB. Convenient Synthesis of Acetonide Protected 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) for Fmoc Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2008; 49:5519-5521. [PMID: 19759805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile approach to the synthesis of acetonide and Fmoc protected 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), Fmoc-DOPA(acetonide)-OH. By protecting the amino group of DOPA with a phthaloyl group and the carboxyl group as a methyl ester, acetonide protection of the catechol of DOPA derivative was realized in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. Following removal of protecting groups, the intermediate was converted to Fmoc-DOPA(acetonide)-OH, which was successfully incorporated into a short DOPA-containing peptide, derived from marine tubeworm cement proteins Pc1 and Pc2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston 60208, US
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Lawrence J, Jourdan M, Vallée Y, Blandin V. Peptide cyclization via ring-closing metathesis: the N-alkenoxy peptide approach. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4575-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b812611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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