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Xu X, Zhong L, Feng H, Van der Eycken EV. Application of Metal-Free Dearomatization Reaction as a Sustainable Strategy to Direct Access Complex Cyclic Compounds. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300101. [PMID: 37132130 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The highly efficient construction of complicated heterocyclic frameworks in an atom- and step-economic manner is still one of the cores of synthetic chemistry. Dearomatization reactions show the unique advantage for the construction of functionalized heterocycles and have attracted widespread attention over the past two decades. The metal-free approach has proved to be a green and sustainable paradigm for the synthesis of spirocyclic, polycyclic and heterocyclic scaffolds, which are widely present in natural products and bioactive molecules. In this review, the advances in the recent six years (2017-2023) in metal-free dearomatization reactions are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on developments in the field of organo-catalyzed dearomatization reactions, oxidative dearomatization reactions, Brønsted acid- or base-promoted dearomatization reactions, photoredox-catalyzed dearomatization reactions, and electrochemical oxidation dearomatization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xu
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Ling Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huangdi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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2
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Borade BR, Kontham R. Concise Total Synthesis of (+)-Lanceolactone A: Revision of Absolute Stereochemistry. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12867-12876. [PMID: 36170601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A chiral-pool protecting-group-free five-step total synthesis of tetranorsesquiterpenoide (+)-lanceolactone A and all of its four stereoisomers using (S)-(+)-, and (R)-(-)-linalool (coriandrol) as building blocks is disclosed. The key steps involved in this synthetic route are regioselective ozonolysis, Au(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization-induced construction of furan from alleneone, and dye-sensitized photo-oxidation (through 1O2; singlet oxygen) of hydroxyalkyl-tethered furan to access oxaspirolactone. After a thorough evaluation of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and optical rotation data of all possible stereoisomers, the absolute configuration of natural lanceolactone A at the C4 and C7 positions has been assigned as (+)-(4S,7S), which is an enantiomer to the initially proposed structure (+)-(4R,7R). Further, these investigations led us to extend Feringa and Gawronski's CD correlation method to [5,5]- and [6,5]-oxaspirolactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasaheb R Borade
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ravindar Kontham
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Park KHK, Frank N, Duarte F, Anderson EA. Collective Synthesis of Illudalane Sesquiterpenes via Cascade Inverse Electron Demand (4 + 2) Cycloadditions of Thiophene S, S-Dioxides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10017-10024. [PMID: 35609003 PMCID: PMC9185749 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thiophene S,S-dioxides are underutilized tools for the de novo construction of benzene rings in organic synthesis. We report a collective synthesis of nine illudalane sesquiterpenes using bicyclic thiophene S,S-dioxides as generalized precursors to the indane core of the natural products. Exploiting furans as unusual dienophiles in this inverse electron demand Diels-Alder cascade, this concise and convergent approach enables the synthesis of these targets in as little as five steps. Theoretical studies rationalize the reactivity of thiophene S,S-dioxides with both electron-poor and electron-rich dienophiles and reveal reaction pathways involving either nonpolar pericyclic or bifurcating ambimodal cycloadditions. Overall, this work demonstrates the wider potential of thiophene S,S-dioxides as convenient and flexible precursors to polysubstituted arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ho Kenny Park
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Nils Frank
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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4
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Actualities in the phytochemical research on selected terpenes. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:533-540. [PMID: 31639086 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A short review of our recent research on the essential oil phytochemical composition of Petasites albus (L.) Gaertn. and Petasites hybridus (L.) G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (Asteraceae) as well as on the oils of Globularia cordifolia L., Globularia meridionalis (Podp.) O. Schwarz and Globularia punctata Lapeyr. (Plantaginaceae) is presented. All essential oils contained a variety of oxygenated sesquiterpenes among their major constituents, including a bakkane type sesquiterpene fukinanolid (bakkenolide A). The paper is focused on: i) a short overview of the abundance of major terpenes in the essential oils of Petasites and Globularia species from Croatia; ii) possible biosynthetic pathways of major identified sesquiterpenes; and iii) biological activities (literature data) of major sesquiterpenes from Petasites and Globularia species.
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A strategy for identification and structural characterization of oplopane- and bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from Tussilago farfara L. by multiple scan modes of mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:188-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Lei X, Feng J, Liu J, Tang Y. Advances in the Total Synthesis of Xanthanolide‐Type Sesquiterpenoids. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1888-1899. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesMOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Juan Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesMOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesBeijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide & Small Molecular DrugsEngineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of ChinaBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsCapital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesMOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesMOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolSichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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Yang JL, Liu LL, Shi YP. Two New Eudesmane Sesquiterpenoids from the Flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:145-148. [PMID: 30820878 PMCID: PMC6426898 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, i.e. Ye-ju-hua recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, has been widely used in China as an important heat-clearing and detoxifying herb for the treatment of inflammation, headache, and vertigo. A phytochemical investigation of this herb has led to the isolation of two new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids, 7-epi-eudesm-4(15),11(13)-diene-1β,3β-diol (1) and 7-epi-1β-hydroxy-β-eudesmol (2). The molecular structures of these new sesquiterpenoids were established based on the comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including NMR, MS, and IR, and comparing with the literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei-Lei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Kobayashi K, Kunimura R, Takagi H, Hirai M, Kogen H, Hirota H, Kuroda C. Total Synthesis of Highly Oxygenated Bisabolane Sesquiterpene Isolated from Ligularia lankongensis: Relative and Absolute Configurations of the Natural Product. J Org Chem 2018; 83:703-715. [PMID: 29282987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relative and absolute configurations of an oxygenated bisabolane natural product, isolated from Ligularia lankongensis, were determined by synthesis. All four possible stereoisomers and their tiglate analogues were synthesized from R-(-)-carvone, and their 1H and 13C NMR spectra were compared to establish the 6R,8S,10S configuration. The stereoselective synthesis of the natural product was also achieved, featuring Brown allylation, vanadium-catalyzed epoxidation, and the Mitsunobu reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Risako Kunimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takagi
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University , 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Misaki Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University , 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kogen
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirota
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN CSRS , Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University , 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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9
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Han P, Zhou Z, Si CM, Sha XY, Gu ZY, Wei BG, Lin GQ. Asymmetric Synthesis of Rupestonic Acid and Pechueloic Acid. Org Lett 2017; 19:6732-6735. [PMID: 29211481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this report, the originally proposed rupestonic acid (5) and pechueloic acid (3) were efficiently synthesized. The chiral lactone 13, recycled from the degradation of saponin glycosides, was utilized to prepare the key chiral fragment 11. During the exploration of this convergent assembly strategy, the ring-closing metathesis (RCM), SmI2-prompted intermolecular addition, and [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement proved to be effective transformations for the synthesis of subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Han
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhu Zhou
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chang-Mei Si
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xian-Yi Sha
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Gu
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica , Lane 140, South Xinhua Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830004, China
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Filho JFA, Lemos BC, de Souza AS, Pinheiro S, Greco SJ. Multicomponent Mannich reactions: General aspects, methodologies and applications. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Raola VK, Chakraborty K. Biogenic guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties from natural mangrove hybrid Rhizophora annamalayana. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2719-2729. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1292510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi Krishna Raola
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
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12
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Temraz A. Novel illudalane sesquiterpenes from Encephalartos villosus Lehm. antimicrobial activity. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:2791-2797. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1160236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Temraz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Department of Pharmacognosy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Bailon-Moscoso N, González-Arévalo G, Velásquez-Rojas G, Malagon O, Vidari G, Zentella-Dehesa A, Ratovitski EA, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Phytometabolite Dehydroleucodine Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage in Human Astrocytoma Cells through p73/p53 Regulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136527. [PMID: 26309132 PMCID: PMC4550445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the idea that secondary metabolites obtained from medicinal plants (phytometabolites) may be important contributors in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents to reduce the occurrence or recurrence of cancer. Our study focused on Dehydroleucodine (DhL), a sesquiterpene found in the provinces of Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe. In this study, we showed that DhL displayed cytostatic and cytotoxic activities on the human cerebral astrocytoma D384 cell line. With lactone isolated from Gynoxys verrucosa Wedd, a medicinal plant from Ecuador, we found that DhL induced cell death in D384 cells by triggering cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis and DNA damage. We further found that the cell death resulted in the increased expression of CDKN1A and BAX proteins. A marked induction of the levels of total TP73 and phosphorylated TP53, TP73, and γ-H2AX proteins was observed in D384 cells exposed to DhL, but no increase in total TP53 levels was detected. Overall these studies demonstrated the marked effect of DhL on the diminished survival of human astrocytoma cells through the induced expression of TP73 and phosphorylation of TP73 and TP53, suggesting their key roles in the tumor cell response to DhL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bailon-Moscoso
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F., Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Omar Malagon
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F., Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición“Salvador Zubirán”, México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Edward A. Ratovitski
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F., Mexico
- * E-mail:
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14
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Hirai M, Miyazaki R, Mitsui K, Kiuchi K, Onuki H, Hirota H, Kuroda C. Synthesis and NMR Spectroscopic Elucidation of Four Diastereoisomers of Oxygenated Bisabolane Side Chain. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Chen CH, Ko CT, Reddy GM, Lee CJ, Lin W. An Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted Cyclohexanone Derivatives with an All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter by Using an Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Double Michael Addition. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Wen J, Wei W, Xue S, Yang D, Lou Y, Gao C, Wang H. Metal-Free Oxidative Spirocyclization of Alkynes with Sulfonylhydrazides Leading to 3-Sulfonated Azaspiro[4,5]trienones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4966-72. [PMID: 25928832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel and direct oxidative spirocyclization of arylpropiolamides with sulfonylhydrazides leading to 3-sulfonated azaspiro[4,5]trienones has been developed under metal-free conditions. The reaction is performed in a tandem manner constituted by the sequential sulfonylation of alkynes, ipso-carbocyclization, dearomatization, hydration, and oxidation processes, providing a convenient and efficient approach to various sulfonated azaspiro[4,5] trienones of biological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Shengnan Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Daoshan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Lou
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Chaoyang Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
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18
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Arisetti N, Reiser O. Traceless Stereoinduction for the Enantiopure Synthesis of Substituted-2-Cyclopentenones. Org Lett 2014; 17:94-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5032975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanaji Arisetti
- Institut
für Organische
Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut
für Organische
Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Otto A, Porzel A, Schmidt J, Wessjohann L, Arnold N. Penarines A-F, (nor-)sesquiterpene carboxylic acids from Hygrophorus penarius (Basidiomycetes). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 108:229-233. [PMID: 25269661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Five sesquiterpene carboxylic acids (1-5) and one nor-sesquiterpene carboxylic acid (6) of the very rare ventricosane type, named penarines A-F, were isolated from fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Hygrophorus penarius (Hygrophoraceae). This is the first report of (nor)-sesquiterpenes isolated from basidiocarps of the family Hygrophoraceae. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D ((1)H, (13)C) and 2D (HSQC, HMBC, COSY, ROESY) NMR spectroscopic analyses as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry studies. Additionally, the only known member of this rare type of sesquiterpenes, ventricos-7(13)-ene (7), could be identified via headspace GC-MS analysis in a fruiting body of H. penarius. Compounds 1-6 were devoid of remarkable antifungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum. Additionally, the cytotoxic activities of compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated against the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and the colon cancer cell line HT-29 showing no significant cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Otto
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schmidt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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Aparece MD, Vadola PA. Gold-Catalyzed Dearomative Spirocyclization of Aryl Alkynoate Esters. Org Lett 2014; 16:6008-11. [PMID: 25365452 DOI: 10.1021/ol503022h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Aparece
- Department
of Chemistry, DePaul University, 1110 West Belden Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614, United States
| | - Paul A. Vadola
- Department
of Chemistry, DePaul University, 1110 West Belden Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614, United States
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Daramwar PP, Srivastava PL, Kolet SP, Thulasiram HV. Biocatalyst mediated regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation and epoxidation of (Z)-α-santalol. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1048-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang B, Wang L, Li Y, Liu Y. Heterocyclic terpenes: linear furano- and pyrroloterpenoids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra48040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review of furano- and pyrroloterpenoids covers the literature, 180 articles in all, published from January 2006 to December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Shajing Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Lishu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences
| | - Yinglei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
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23
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structural determination, synthesis and chemical and microbiological transformations of natural sesquiterpenoids. The literature from January to December 2012 is reviewed, and 471 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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24
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Wang CC, Li WDZ. A Convergent and Stereocontrolled Cycloaddition Strategy toward Eudesmane Sesquiterpenoid: Total Synthesis of (±)-6β,14-Epoxyeudesm-4(15)-en-1β-ol. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4217-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300556r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei-Dong Z. Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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25
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Parthasarathy G, Besnard C, Kündig EP. An expedient approach to the total synthesis of (+)-5-epi-eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,6β-diol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11241-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Terpenoids comprise a structurally diverse group of natural products. Despite various and important uses of terpenoids (e.g., flavors, drugs, and nutraceuticals), most of them are, however, still extracted from plant sources, which suffer from high cost and low yield. Alternatively, terpenoids can be produced in microbes using their biosynthetic genes. With the explosion of sequence data, many genes for terpenoid metabolism can be characterized by biochemical approaches and used for the microbial production of terpenoids. However, substrates for in vitro studies of terpene synthases are costly, and the enzymatic synthesis of terpenoids in vitro using recombinant enzymes is insufficient to meet the chemical characterization need. Here, we describe the use of engineered yeast (EPY300) to evaluate in vivo production of sesquiterpenoids. Two sesquiterpene synthase genes (for valencene and 5-epi-aristolochene synthases) were expressed in EPY300 in native and N-terminal thioredoxin fusion forms. By using the thioredoxin fusion, valencene biosynthesis was slightly decreased; however, the production of 5-epi-aristolochene was increased by 10-fold, producing 420 μg mL(-1) of 5-epi-aristolochene. Accordingly, the thioredoxin-fused 5-epi-aristolochene was coexpressed with 5-epi-aristolochene dihydroxylase (cytochrome P450 monooxygenase) and its reductase in EPY300. This combinatorial expression yielded hydroxylated sesquiterpene, capsidiol, at ~250 μg mL(-1). Detailed experimental procedures and other considerations for this work are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh-Don Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Adachi M, Komada T, Nishikawa T. A New Ring Expansion for a Chiral Hexahydroazulene Skeleton Possessing an Angular Methyl Group. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6942-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaatsu Adachi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takema Komada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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28
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Abstract
Diketopiperazines (DKPs), which are cyclic dipeptides, have been detected in a variety of natural resources. Recently, the interest in these compounds increased significantly because of their remarkable bioactivity. This review deals with the chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, and biological activities of DKPs from marine microorganisms, sponges, sea stars, tunicates (ascidians), and red algae. The literature has been covered up to December 2008, and a total 124 DKPs from 104 publications have been discussed and reviewed. Some of these compounds have been found to possess various bioactivities including cytotoxicity, and antibacterial, antifungal, antifouling, plant-growth regulatory, and other activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riming Huang
- Research Center for Marine Microbes, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P R China
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29
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Rodrigo E, Morales S, Duce S, Ruano JLG, Cid MB. Enantioselective organocatalytic formal allylation of α-branched aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11267-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Wang X, Zheng J, Chen Q, Zheng H, He Y, Yang J, She X. Biomimetic Total Synthesis of (+)-Chabranol. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5392-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaiji Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongping He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Ma K, Zhang C, Liu M, Chu Y, Zhou L, Hu C, Ye D. First total synthesis of (+)-Carainterol A. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Wender PA, Stemmler RT, Sirois LE. A Metal-Catalyzed Intermolecular [5+2] Cycloaddition/Nazarov Cyclization Sequence and Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2532-3. [PMID: 20141136 DOI: 10.1021/ja910696x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - René T. Stemmler
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
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35
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Hiroya K, Ichihashi Y, Furutono A, Inamoto K, Sakamoto T, Doi T. Development of Diastereoselective Birch Reduction−Alkylation Reactions of Bi- and Tricyclic β-Alkoxy-α,β-unsaturated Ketones. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6623-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901094x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kou Hiroya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yusuke Ichihashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ai Furutono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Inamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takao Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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36
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Adio AM. (−)-trans-β-Elemene and related compounds: occurrence, synthesis, and anticancer activity. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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McIntosh JA, Donia MS, Schmidt EW. Ribosomal peptide natural products: bridging the ribosomal and nonribosomal worlds. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:537-59. [PMID: 19642421 PMCID: PMC2975598 DOI: 10.1039/b714132g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized bacterial natural products rival the nonribosomal peptides in their structural and functional diversity. The last decade has seen substantial progress in the identification and characterization of biosynthetic pathways leading to ribosomal peptide natural products with new and unusual structural motifs. In some of these cases, the motifs are similar to those found in nonribosomal peptides, and many are constructed by convergent or even paralogous enzymes. Here, we summarize the major structural and biosynthetic categories of ribosomally synthesized bacterial natural products and, where applicable, compare them to their homologs from nonribosomal biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. McIntosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East Rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Mohamed S. Donia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East Rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East Rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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38
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Levine SR, Krout MR, Stoltz BM. Catalytic enantioselective approach to the eudesmane sesquiterpenoids: total synthesis of (+)-carissone. Org Lett 2009; 11:289-92. [PMID: 19093809 DOI: 10.1021/ol802409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective approach to the eudesmane sesquiterpenoids is reported. The strategic use of a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation of vinylogous ester substrates forged the C(10) all-carbon quaternary center. This key transformation enabled a diastereoselective olefin hydrogenation to create the syn stereochemistry at C(7). The devised synthetic strategy allowed for the preparation of the antibacterial agent (+)-carissone and a formal synthesis of the P/Q-type calcium channel blocker (-)-alpha-eudesmol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Levine
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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39
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Adio AM. Germacrenes A–E and related compounds: thermal, photochemical and acid induced transannular cyclizations. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Blunt JW, Copp BR, Hu WP, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:170-244. [PMID: 19177222 DOI: 10.1039/b805113p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2007 for marine natural products, with 948 citations(627 for the period January to December 2007) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, cnidarians,bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms and true mangrove plants. The emphasis is on new compounds (961 for 2007), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.1 Introduction, 2 Reviews, 3 Marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, 4 Green algae, 5 Brown algae, 6 Red algae, 7 Sponges, 8 Cnidarians, 9 Bryozoans, 10 Molluscs, 11 Tunicates (ascidians),12 Echinoderms, 13 Miscellaneous, 14 Conclusion, 15 References.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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42
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43
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Substituent effects in the transannular cyclizations of germacranes. Synthesis of 6-epi-costunolide and five natural steiractinolides. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Reboul I, Boddaert T, Coquerel Y, Rodriguez J. Synthetic Studies towards Guaianolide Sesquiterpene Lactones. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structural determination, synthesis and chemical and microbiological transformations of natural sesquiterpenoids. 423 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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46
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Torihata A, Kuroda C. Reaction of Furanoeremophilans with Pyridoxal. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800301015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Furanoeremophilan-10β-ol, a major component of Ligularia cymbulifera growing in northwestern Yunnan Province of China, reacted with pyridoxal or its 5′-phosphate at room temperature in aqueous solution to afford condensation products. It is plausible that the reaction also occurs in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Torihata
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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