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Pilon S, Ingemann Jørgensen S, van Maarseveen JH. [2]Catenane Synthesis via Covalent Templating. Chemistry 2021; 27:2310-2314. [PMID: 33200467 PMCID: PMC7898614 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After earlier unsuccessful attempts, this work reports the application of covalent templating for the synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecules (MiMs) bearing no supramolecular recognition sites. Two linear strands were covalently connected in a perpendicular fashion by a central ketal linkage. After subsequent attachment of the first strand to a template via temporary benzylic linkages, the second was linked to the template in a backfolding macrocyclization. The resulting pseudo[1]rotaxane structure was successfully converted to a [2]catenane via a second macrocyclization and cleavage of the ketal and temporary linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pilon
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Steen Ingemann Jørgensen
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. van Maarseveen
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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2
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Siddaraj R, Ningegowda R, Shivananju NS, Priya BS. A mild and efficient method for the deprotection of trimethyl silyl alkynes using sodium ascorbate and copper sulphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.9.4.317-321.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A competent and fast method for the deprotection of trimethyl silyl group was attained by using cheap, easily accessible, and nontoxic sodium ascorbate in combination with copper sulphate. The method labored was simple and effective for the cleavage of trimethyl silyl group from the protected trimethyl silyl alkynes to their corresponding alkyne derivatives. Wide functional group tolerance, shorter time period, simple procedure and high yields are the striking features of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Siddaraj
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Ningegowda
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Nanjunda Swamy Shivananju
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Babu Shubha Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
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deRonde BM, Tew GN. Development of protein mimics for intracellular delivery. Biopolymers 2015; 104:265-80. [PMID: 25858701 PMCID: PMC4516575 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Designing delivery agents for therapeutics is an ongoing challenge. As treatments and desired cargoes become more complex, the need for improved delivery vehicles becomes critical. Excellent delivery vehicles must ensure the stability of the cargo, maintain the cargo's solubility, and promote efficient delivery and release. In order to address these issues, many research groups have looked to nature for design inspiration. Proteins, such as HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (TAT) and Antennapedia homeodomain protein, are capable of crossing cellular membranes. However, due to the complexities of their structures, they are synthetically challenging to reproduce in the laboratory setting. Being able to incorporate the key features of these proteins that enable cell entry into simpler scaffolds opens up a wide range of opportunities for the development of new delivery reagents with improved performance. This review charts the development of protein mimics based on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and how structure-activity relationships (SARs) with these molecules and their protein counterparts ultimately led to the use of polymeric scaffolds. These scaffolds deviate from the normal peptide backbone, allowing for simpler, synthetic procedures to make carriers and tune chemical compositions for application specific needs. Successful design of polymeric protein mimics would allow researchers to further understand the key features in proteins and peptides necessary for efficient delivery and to design the next generation of more efficient delivery reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
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Sogawa H, Shiotsuki M, Hirao T, Haino T, Sanda F. Synthesis of Optically Active Poly(m-phenyleneethynylene–aryleneethynylene)s Bearing Hydroxy Groups and Examination of the Higher Order Structures. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4017295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Sogawa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate
School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura
Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiotsuki
- Molecular
Engineering Institute, Kinki University, Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8555, Japan
| | - Takehiro Hirao
- Graduate
School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Graduate
School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials
and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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Sogawa H, Shiotsuki M, Sanda F. Synthesis and Photoresponse of Helically Folded Poly(phenyleneethynylene)s Bearing Azobenzene Moieties in the Main Chains. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4002947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Sogawa
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto
615-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiotsuki
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto
615-8510, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto
615-8510, Japan
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Fuentes N, Martin-Lasanta A, Alvarez de Cienfuegos L, Robles R, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, García-Ruiz JM, Martínez-Fernández L, Corral I, Ribagorda M, Mota AJ, Cárdenas DJ, Carreño MC, Cuerva JM. Versatile Bottom-up Approach to Stapled π-Conjugated Helical Scaffolds: Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of Cyclico-Phenylene Ethynylene Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:13036-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fuentes N, Martin-Lasanta A, Alvarez de Cienfuegos L, Robles R, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, García-Ruiz JM, Martínez-Fernández L, Corral I, Ribagorda M, Mota AJ, Cárdenas DJ, Carreño MC, Cuerva JM. Versatile Bottom-up Approach to Stapled π-Conjugated Helical Scaffolds: Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of Cyclico-Phenylene Ethynylene Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li P, Li X, Saravanan R, Li CM, Leong SSJ. Antimicrobial macromolecules: synthesis methods and future applications. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lu W, Kwok WM, Ma C, Chan CTL, Zhu MX, Che CM. Organic triplet excited states of gold(I) complexes with oligo(o- or m-phenyleneethynylene) ligands: conjunction of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic studies on exciton delocalization and emission pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14120-35. [PMID: 21846130 DOI: 10.1021/ja205831v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of mononuclear and binuclear gold(I) complexes containing oligo(o- or m-phenyleneethynylene) (PE) ligands, namely [PhC≡C(C(6)H(4)-1,2-C≡C)(n-1)Au(PCy(3))] (n = 2-4, 4a-c), [μ-{C≡C-(1,2-C(6)H(4)C≡C)(n)}{Au(PCy(3))}(2)] (n = 1-6, 8, 5a-g), [PhC≡C(C(6)H(4)-1,3-C≡C)(n-1)Au(PCy(3))] (n = 2-4, 6a-c), and [μ-{C≡C-(1,3-C(6)H(4)C≡C)(n)}{Au(PCy(3))}(2)] (n = 1, 2, 7a,b), were synthesized and structurally characterized. Extensive spectroscopic measurements have been performed by applying combined methods of femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA), fs time-resolved fluorescence (fs-TRF), and nanosecond time-resolved emission (ns-TRE) coupled with steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy at both ambient and low (77 K) temperatures to directly probe the temporal evolution of the excited states and to determine the dynamics and spectral signatures for the involved singlet (S(1)) and triplet (T(1)) excited states. The results reveal that S(1) and T(1) both feature ligand-centered electronic transitions with ππ* character associated with the phenyl and acetylene moieties. The (3)ππ* emission of the PE ligands is switched on by the attachment of [Au(PCy(3))](+) fragment(s) due to the heavy-atom effect. T(1)((3)ππ*) was found to form with nearly unity efficiency through intersystem crossing (ISC) from S(1)((1)ππ*). The ISC time constants were determined to be ∼50, 35, and 40 ps for 4b and 6a,b, respectively. Dual emission composed of fluorescence from S(1) and phosphorescence from T(1) were observed for most of the complexes except 5a and 7a, where only phosphorescence was found. The fluorescence at ambient temperature is accounted for by both the short-lived prompt fluorescence (PF) and long-lived delayed fluorescence (DF, lifetime on microsecond time scale). Explicit evidence was presented for a triplet-triplet annihilation mechanism for the generation of DF. Ligand length and substitution-dependent dynamics of T(1) are the key factors governing the dual emission character of the complexes. By extrapolation from the plot of emission energy against the PE chain length of the [Au(PCy(3))](+) complexes with oligo(o-PE) or oligo(m-PE) ligands, the triplet emission energies were estimated to be ∼530 and ∼470 nm for poly(o-PE) and poly(m-PE), respectively. Additionally, we assign the unusual red shifts of 983 cm(-1) from [PhC≡CAu(PCy(3))] (1) to [μ-{1,3-(C≡C)(2)C(6)H(4)}{Au(PCy(3))}(2)] (7a) and 462 cm(-1) from 7a to [μ(3)-{1,3,5-(C≡C)(3)C(6)H(3)}{Au(PCy(3))}(3)] (8) in the phosphorescence energies to excitonic coupling interactions between the C≡CAu(PCy(3)) arms in the triplet excited states. These complexes, together with those previously reported [Au(PCy(3))](+) complexes containing oligo(p-PE) ligands ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002 , 124 , 14696 - 14706 ), form a collection of oligo(phenyleneethynylene) complexes exhibiting organic triplet emission in solution under ambient conditions. The remarkable feature of these complexes in exhibiting TTA prompted DF in conjunction with high formation efficiency of T(1)((3)ππ*) affords an opportunity for emission spectra to cover a wide range of wavelengths. This may have implication in the development of PE-based molecular materials for future optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Tao K, Bai R, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li J, Xue L. A Strategy for Fabrication of Columnar Supramolecular Polymers by Highly Directional π-π Stacking and Strong Multiple Ionic Bonds. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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Ni BB, Yan Q, Ma Y, Zhao D. Recent advances in arylene ethynylene folding systems: Toward functioning. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Saraogi I, Hamilton AD. Recent advances in the development of aryl-based foldamers. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:1726-43. [DOI: 10.1039/b819597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhu MX, Lu W, Zhu N, Che CM. Structures and Solvatochromic Phosphorescence of Dicationic Terpyridyl-Platinum(II) Complexes with Foldable Oligo(ortho-phenyleneethynylene) Bridging Ligands. Chemistry 2008; 14:9736-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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