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Bresien J, Eickhoff L, Schulz A, Suhrbier T, Villinger A. A Systematic Survey of the Reactivity of Chlorinated N 2 P 2 , NP 3 and P 4 Ring Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:16311-16319. [PMID: 31589354 PMCID: PMC6973262 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of the four-membered NP3 ring system [RN(μ-PCl)2 PR] (R=Mes*=2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl) towards Lewis acids, Lewis bases, and reducing agents was investigated. Comparisons with the literature-known, analogous cyclic compounds [ClP(μ-NR)]2 (R=Ter=2,6-dimesitylphenyl) and [ClP(μ-PR)]2 (R=Mes*) are drawn, to obtain a better systematic understanding of the reactivity of cyclic NP species. Apart from experimental results, DFT computations are discussed to further the insight into bonding and electronic structure of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Liesa Eickhoff
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- Abteilung MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der, Universität Rostock e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Tim Suhrbier
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
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2
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Henne FD, Watt FA, Schwedtmann K, Hennersdorf F, Kokoschka M, Weigand JJ. Tetra-cationic imidazoliumyl-substituted phosphorus–sulfur heterocycles from a cationic organophosphorus sulfide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2023-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08182c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The formation of novel tetracationic cyclo-P4S4 derivatives [LPS]44+via oligomerization of [LPS]+ is presented. Subsequent deoligomerization- and dismutation reactions induced by 4-dimethylaminopyridine are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian D. Henne
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Fabian A. Watt
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Malte Kokoschka
- Department of Computational Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16610 Praha 6
- Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
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3
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Bresien J, Schulz A, Villinger A. A Tricyclic Hexaphosphane. Chemistry 2015; 21:18543-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Holthausen MH, Sala C, Weigand JJ. Reaction of P4with in situ Formedcyclo-Triphosphatriazenium Cation [(DmpNP)3Cl2]+(Dmp = 2,6-Dimethylphenyl). Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Bresien J, Faust K, Schulz A, Villinger A. Tieftemperatur-Isolierung des bicyclischen Phosphinophosphoniumsalzes [Mes*2P4Cl][GaCl4]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Bresien J, Faust K, Schulz A, Villinger A. Low-Temperature Isolation of the Bicyclic Phosphinophosphonium Salt [Mes*2P4Cl][GaCl4]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6926-30. [PMID: 25891039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [ClP(μ-PMes*)]2 (1) with the Lewis acid GaCl3 yielded a hitherto unknown tetraphosphabicyclo[1.1.0]butan-2-ium salt, [Mes*P4(Cl)Mes*][GaCl4] (3[GaCl4]), which incorporates a positively charged phosphonium center within its bicyclic P4 scaffold. The formation of the title compound was studied by means of low-temperature NMR experiments. This led to the identification of an intermediate cyclotetraphosphenium cation, which was trapped by reaction with dimethylbutadiene (dmb). All of the compounds were fully characterized by experimental and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
| | - Kirill Faust
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany). .,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany).
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
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7
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Holthausen MH, Weigand JJ. The chemistry of cationic polyphosphorus cages--syntheses, structure and reactivity. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:6639-57. [PMID: 24740160 PMCID: PMC4288811 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive view of the chemistry of cationic polyphosphorus cages.
The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive view of the chemistry of cationic polyphosphorus cages. The synthetic protocols established for their preparation, which are all based on the functionalization of P4, and their intriguing follow-up chemistry are highlighted. In addition, this review intends to foster the interest of the inorganic, organic, catalytic and material oriented chemical communities in the versatile field of polyphosphorus cage compounds. In the long term, this is envisioned to contribute to the development of new synthetic procedures for the functionalization of P4 and its transformation into (organo-)phosphorus compounds and materials of added value.
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Su Y, Zheng X, Wang X, Zhang X, Sui Y, Wang X. Two Stable Phosphorus-Containing Four-Membered Ring Radical Cations with Inverse Spin Density Distributions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6251-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502675d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xingyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yunxia Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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He G, Shynkaruk O, Lui MW, Rivard E. Small Inorganic Rings in the 21st Century: From Fleeting Intermediates to Novel Isolable Entities. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7815-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400547x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Olena Shynkaruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Melanie W. Lui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Hering C, Rothe J, Schulz A, Villinger A. Structure and bonding of novel acyclic bisaminoarsenium cations. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7781-90. [PMID: 23773087 DOI: 10.1021/ic4010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a salt bearing a labile bisaminoarsenium cation of the type {[(Me3Si)2N]2As}(+) (9a) are described, which was obtained in the reaction of the chloroarsane [(Me3Si)2N]2AsCl (8) with GaCl3. Reacting 8 with AgOTf did not yield an arsenium salt, but the cyclo-diarsadiazane [(Me3Si)2NAs-μ-NSiMe3]2 (11) was obtained in excellent yields. Moreover, the reactivity of the analogous antimony species [(Me3Si)2N]2SbCl (12) was studied. In the reaction with GaCl3, the aminochlorostibenium salt [(Me3Si)2NSbCl](+)[(Me3Si)2N(GaCl3)2](-) (5) was isolated. In the reaction with AgOTf, substitution of the chlorine in 12 resulted in the formation of [(Me3Si)2N]2SbOTf (13), a compound with significant stibenium character. All new compounds have been fully characterized by means of X-ray, vibrational spectroscopy, CHN analysis, and NMR experiments. All compounds were further investigated by means of density functional theory and the bonding situation was accessed by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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11
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Hering C, Schulz A, Villinger A. On the synthesis and reactivity of highly labile pseudohalogen phosphenium ions. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5214-25. [PMID: 23614881 DOI: 10.1021/ic4001285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of salts bearing highly labile pseudohalogen-substituted aminophosphenium cations of the type [(Me3Si)2NPX][GaCl4] (X = NCO, NCS, O(SiMe3)) and their respective reactivity toward Lewis bases (4-dimethylaminopyridine, dmap) and dienes (2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, dmb; 1,3-cyclo-hexadiene, chd) are described. As π-acidic species, aminophosphenium cations react with dmap at low temperatures to yield adduct salts of the type [(Me3Si)2NP(dmap)X][GaCl4] (X = Cl, N3, NCO) which were fully characterized. In the reaction with dienes at -50 °C, salts bearing phospholenium cations were obtained that could be structurally characterized. The crystal structures of novel 7-phosphanorbornenium cations of the type [(Me3Si)2NP(C6H8)X][GaCl4] (X = Cl, N3, NCO) are reported. All compounds were further investigated by means of density functional theory, and the bonding situation was accessed by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Ledger J, Boomishankar R, Steiner A. Aqueous Chemistry of Chlorocyclophosphazenes: Phosphates {PO2}, Phosphamides {P(O)NHR}, and the first Phosphites {PHO} and Pyrophosphates {(PO)2O} of These Heterocycles. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:3896-904. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100076t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ledger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Ramamoorthy Boomishankar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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13
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Brazeau AL, Caputo CA, Martin CD, Jones ND, Ragogna PJ. A new approach to internal Lewis pairs featuring a phosphenium acid and a pyridine base. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11069-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01029d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Holthausen MH, Weigand JJ. Preparation of the [(DippNP)2(P4)2]2+-dication by the reaction of [DippNPCl]2 and a Lewis acid with P4. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14210-1. [PMID: 19775108 DOI: 10.1021/ja906878q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The controlled activation of white phosphorus, P(4), provides a key entry point into many aspects of phosphorus chemistry. The activation and functionalization of P(4) by N-heterocyclic carbenes and carbene-like main group element fragments is of considerable current interest. In this communication, we report on the first use of a disguised bifunctional Lewis acid [DippNP](2)(2+) obtained from the cyclo-1,3-diphospha-2,4-diazane [DippNPCl](2) for P(4) functionalization. This has enabled the targeted preparation of novel mono- and dicationic phosphorus-rich clusters [(DippNP)(2)(P(4))Cl](+) and [(DippNP)(2)(P(4))(2)](+). The utilization of such a bifunctional phosphenium cation represents a rational and potentially versatile synthetic method for the assembly of large clusters using P(4) as a building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Kuzora R, Schulz A, Villinger A, Wustrack R. Hypersilylated cyclodiphosphadiazanes and cyclodiphosphadiazenium salts. Dalton Trans 2009:9304-11. [PMID: 20449210 DOI: 10.1039/b911326f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Kuzora
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Michalik D, Schulz A, Villinger A, Weding N. A cationic cyclic phosphorus(III) azide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6465-8. [PMID: 18618885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Michalik
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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17
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Michalik D, Schulz A, Villinger A, Weding N. Ein kationisches cyclisches Phosphor(III)-azid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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