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Junisu BA, Ching-Ya Chang I, Sun YS. Film Instability Induced by Swelling and Drying. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13009-13020. [PMID: 36263886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-vinyl pyridine), P2VP, films display a surface pattern of craters in a dried state after being immersed in aqueous solutions containing HAuCl4 and its mixtures with low contents of K2CO3. The morphologies of craters indicate that the formation of craters involves three stages through film blistering and drying: (i) the permeability of water and solutes to swell P2VP films, (ii) partial wetting of liquid droplets near the substrate interface in the presence of the P2VP film, and (iii) evaporation-driven flows. The three stages produce the swelling pressure, Laplace pressure, and interplays among capillary flows, Marangoni flows, and pinning effects, respectively, by which craters of different dimensions and morphologies are obtained. The first stage softens the P2VP films and produces swelling pressure. This stage relies on interactions between AuCl4- ions, water, and protonated P2VP chains. The second stage produces liquid droplets inside the film and near the substrate interface. The surface tensions of those liquid droplets at contact lines deform swollen P2VP films. Changing film thicknesses or substrate types alters craters' lateral dimension and depth. The results indicate that film thicknesses and substrate interface energies influence the shape and dimension of liquid droplets on the substrate interface. The third stage determines morphologies of craters through interplays among capillary flows, Marangoni flows, and pinning/depinning events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belda Amelia Junisu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Iris Ching-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
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2
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Hancox E, Derry MJ, Greenall MJ, Huband S, Al-Shok L, Town JS, Topham PD, Haddleton DM. Heterotelechelic homopolymers mimicking high χ - ultralow N block copolymers with sub-2 nm domain size. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4019-4028. [PMID: 35440978 PMCID: PMC8985574 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three fluorinated, hydrophobic initiators have been utilised for the synthesis of low molecular mass fluoro-poly(acrylic acid) heterotelechelic homopolymers to mimic high chi (χ)-low N diblock copolymers with ultrafine domains of sub-2 nm length scale. Polymers were obtained by a simple photoinduced copper(ii)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation (Cu-RDRP) affording low molecular mass (<3 kDa) and low dispersity (Đ = 1.04-1.21) homopolymers. Heating/cooling ramps were performed on bulk samples (ca. 250 μm thick) to obtain thermodynamically stable nanomorpologies of lamellar (LAM) or hexagonally packed cylinders (HEX), as deduced by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Construction of the experimental phase diagram alongside a detailed theoretical model demonstrated typical rod-coil block copolymer phase behaviour for these fluoro-poly(acrylic acid) homopolymers, where the fluorinated initiator-derived segment acts as a rod and the poly(acrylic acid) as a coil. This work reveals that these telechelic homopolymers mimic high χ-ultralow N diblock copolymers and enables reproducible targeting of nanomorphologies with incredibly small, tunable domain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hancox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - M J Derry
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - M J Greenall
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln Brayford Pool Lincoln LN6 7TS UK
| | - S Huband
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - L Al-Shok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - J S Town
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - P D Topham
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - D M Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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Morsi SMM, Youssef AM, Kamal KH, Abd El‐Aziz ME. Molecular imprinted polymer for tramadol: Absorption and drug release studies. POLYM ENG SCI 2022; 62:883-900. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSmart polymeric matrices based on 2‐vinyl pyridine (2‐VPY) and three different crosslinkers: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), divinylbenzene (DVB), and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) were prepared either by the imprinting technique of the tramadol molecule or conventionally by the free radical polymerization process. The polymers were used as sorbent materials for tramadol from its solutions. The polymers prepared by the imprinting technique demonstrated superior absorption of tramadol molecules than those prepared by the conventional method. The two sorbent materials constructed from TMPTMA, regardless of the method, achieved the highest absorption capacity compared with those prepared from EGDMA or DVB. It was found that loaded imprinted polymer released more tramadol than loaded nonimprinted polymer in all media. In the acidic medium, the protonation of the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring ionized the chains and expanded the loaded pores leading to the rapid release over the neutral and alkaline media. Additionally, the isothermal studies of MIP3 and NIP3 were extremely fitted to Freundlich adsorption and the (D–R) isotherm, respectively, while the kinetic studies of both sorbents were fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M. M. Morsi
- Polymers and Pigments Department National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Youssef
- Packaging Materials Department National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Kholod H. Kamal
- Water Pollution Research Department National Research Centre Giza Egypt
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Dong Y, Ramey-Ward AN, Salaita K. Programmable Mechanically Active Hydrogel-Based Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006600. [PMID: 34309076 PMCID: PMC8595730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Programmable mechanically active materials (MAMs) are defined as materials that can sense and transduce external stimuli into mechanical outputs or conversely that can detect mechanical stimuli and respond through an optical change or other change in the appearance of the material. Programmable MAMs are a subset of responsive materials and offer potential in next generation robotics and smart systems. This review specifically focuses on hydrogel-based MAMs because of their mechanical compliance, programmability, biocompatibility, and cost-efficiency. First, the composition of hydrogel MAMs along with the top-down and bottom-up approaches used for programming these materials are discussed. Next, the fundamental principles for engineering responsivity in MAMS, which includes optical, thermal, magnetic, electrical, chemical, and mechanical stimuli, are considered. Some advantages and disadvantages of different responsivities are compared. Then, to conclude, the emerging applications of hydrogel-based MAMs from recently published literature, as well as the future outlook of MAM studies, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 30322
| | - Allison N. Ramey-Ward
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 30322
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Tsuji Y, Shibayama M, Li X. Neutralization and Salt Effect on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylic Acid Gels under Equivolume Conditions. Gels 2021; 7:gels7020069. [PMID: 34207814 PMCID: PMC8293191 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of neutralization and salt on the structure and mechanical properties of polyacrylic acid (PAA) gels under equivolume conditions were investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements and tensile tests. We attained the equivolume condition by immersing a piece of PAA gel sample in an ion reservoir containing linear PAA, NaOH, and NaCl at prescribed concentrations (post-ion-tuning). The volume fraction of the linear polymer was set to be the same as that of the gel so as to satisfy the iso-osmotic pressure at the reference state. Various types of reservoirs were prepared by adding NaOH and/or NaCl with different concentrations to the reference reservoir, followed by immersing a PAA gel piece. In the SAXS measurements, a scattering peak appeared, and the scattering intensity at q = 0 decreased by neutralization, while the addition of salt increased the scattering intensity. On the other hand, Young’s modulus measured with the tensile test decreased with neutralization; however, it scarcely changed with the addition of salt. The newly developed equivolume post-ion-tuning technique may serve as a new standard scheme to study polyelectrolyte gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Tsuji
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (X.L.)
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Chen L, Wang S, Yu Q, Topham PD, Chen C, Wang L. A comprehensive review of electrospinning block copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2490-2510. [PMID: 30860535 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02484g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning provides a versatile and cost-effective route for the generation of continuous nanofibres with high surface area-to-volume ratio from various polymers. In parallel, block copolymers (BCPs) are promising candidates for many diverse applications, where nanoscale operation is exploited, owing to their intrinsic self-assembling behaviour at these length scales. Judicious combination of BCPs (with their ability to make nanosized domains at equilibrium) and electrospinning (with its ability to create nano- and microsized fibres and particles) allows one to create BCPs with high surface area-to-volume ratio to deliver higher efficiency or efficacy in their given application. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of the wide range of reports on BCP electrospinning with focus placed on the use of molecular design alongside control over specific electrospinning type and post-treatment methodologies to control the properties of the resultant fibrous materials. Particular attention is paid to the applications of these materials, most notably, their use as biomaterials, separation membranes, sensors, and electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Toolan DTW, Adlington K, Isakova A, Kalamiotis A, Mokarian-Tabari P, Dimitrakis G, Dodds C, Arnold T, Terrill NJ, Bras W, Hermida Merino D, Topham PD, Irvine DJ, Howse JR. Selective molecular annealing: in situ small angle X-ray scattering study of microwave-assisted annealing of block copolymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20412-20419. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03578k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new experimental set-up facilitating in situ SAXS during microwave annealing of polymers.
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9
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Willott JD, Murdoch TJ, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Physicochemical behaviour of cationic polyelectrolyte brushes. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ghelichi M, Qazvini NT. Self-organization of hydrophobic-capped triblock copolymers with a polyelectrolyte midblock: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation study. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:4611-4620. [PMID: 27116478 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of a Langevin dynamics simulation study of micellar organization and hydrogel formation in the solutions of coarse-grained ABA copolymer chains. Polymer chains are modeled as bead-spring chains of Lennard-Jones particles by explicit treatment of ionic species in implicit solvent. The studied copolymer is composed of a polyelectrolyte midblock flanked by two hydrophobic endblocks. We explore the self-assembly of copolymer solutions at a fixed polymer concentration and temperature upon systematic variation of the midblock charge fraction, valency of neutralizing counterions, and the stiffness and length of hydrophobic endblocks. Minimization of the surface energy, conformational entropy of the midblock chains, electrostatic repulsion of midblock charges, and the translational entropy of counterions are found to play central roles in controlling the self-organization features of copolymer solutions. Flower-like micelles with A-blocks forming the core of spherical aggregates and B-blocks constituting the micelle corona are established for the neutral midblocks. Increasing the charge content of B chains lowers the fraction of loop conformations and yields a spanning hydrogel network with midblocks bridging the hydrophobic clusters. Counterion valence is shown to exert a strong effect on the micelle size and network structure. The increase in the rigidity of terminal A-blocks increases the fraction of bridging chains and results in the formation of a hydrogel network with bundle-like hydrophobic domains. Longer endblocks are shown to increase the hydrophobic cluster size and enhance the bridged midblock fraction. The qualitative agreement between the experimental and theoretical studies is also discussed. The comprehensive molecular picture provides a framework for the future studies of stimuli-responsive copolymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghelichi
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Nader Taheri Qazvini
- Polymer Division, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran and Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Gotzamanis G, Papadimitriou K, Tsitsilianis C. Design of a C-b-(A-co-B)-b-C telechelic polyampholyte pH-responsive gelator. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py02066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and the pH dependent structural and rheological properties of a telechelic polyampholyte associative polymer, composed of a random polyampholyte central block, end-capped by shorter hydrophobic blocks [C-b-(A-co-B)-b-C block/random terpolymer type].
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Wang L, Topham PD, Mykhaylyk OO, Yu H, Ryan AJ, Fairclough JPA, Bras W. Self-Assembly-Driven Electrospinning: The Transition from Fibers to Intact Beaded Morphologies. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1437-43. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; Aston University; Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Anthony J. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - J. Patrick A. Fairclough
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Wim Bras
- DUBBLE CRG, ESRF; 6 rue Jules Horowitz; BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble Cédex 9 France
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Dunderdale GJ, Fairclough JPA. Coupling pH-responsive polymer brushes to electricity: switching thickness and creating waves of swelling or collapse. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:3628-3635. [PMID: 23441938 DOI: 10.1021/la3049949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrolysis of water is proposed as a method to couple the pH-responsive behavior of polymer brushes to an electrical stimulus. It is shown that an electrode in close proximity to a pH-responsive polymer brush can change the local solution pH, inducing either swelling or collapse of the polymer brush. By alternating the bias of the voltage applied to the electrode, either acidic or alkaline conditions can be generated, and reproducible cycles of polymer brush swelling and collapse can be achieved. It was found that the length of time which the electrical stimulus is applied to the electrodes can be as short as 10 s and that, once "switched", polymer brushes remain in the switched state for many minutes after the electrical stimulus is turned off. In other experiments, two electrodes were positioned 10 cm apart with a pH-responsive brush in between. Under these conditions waves of either acidic or alkaline solution pH could be generated which caused a coincident wave of polymer brush swelling or collapse. These waves originate from one electrode and travel across the brush surface toward the opposite electrode with a velocity of ~40 μm s(-1).
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Tardani F, Masci G, La Mesa C. Block co-polymers undergoing supra-molecular association. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang Y, Hosta-Rigau L, Lomas H, Caruso F. Nanostructured polymer assemblies formed at interfaces: applications from immobilization and encapsulation to stimuli-responsive release. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:4782-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02287j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tsitsilianis C, Aubry T, Iliopoulos I, Norvez S. Effect of DMF on the Rheological Properties of Telechelic Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101238s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Tsitsilianis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras 26504, Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, ICE/HT-FORTH, P.O. Box 1414, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Thierry Aubry
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, LIMATB Equipe Rhéologie, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Ilias Iliopoulos
- Matière Molle et Chimie, ESPCI-ParisTech, CNRS UMR-7167, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Norvez
- Matière Molle et Chimie, ESPCI-ParisTech, CNRS UMR-7167, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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Swann JMG, Bras W, Topham PD, Howse JR, Ryan AJ. Effect of the Hofmeister anions upon the swelling of a self-assembled pH-responsive hydrogel. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:10191-7. [PMID: 20394380 DOI: 10.1021/la100339f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of a range of monovalent sodium salts on the molecular equilibrium swelling of a simple synthetic microphase separated poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA(88)-b-PDEA(223)-b-PMMA(88)) pH-responsive hydrogel. Sodium acetate, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, sodium nitrate and sodium thiocyanate were selected for study at controlled ionic strength and pH; all salts are taken from the Hofmeister series (HS). The influence of the anions on the expansion of the hydrogel was found to follow the reverse order of the classical HS. The expansion ratio of the gel measured in solutions containing the simple sodium halide salts (NaCl, NaBr, and NaI) was found to be strongly related to parameters which describe the interaction of the ion with water; surface charge density, viscosity coefficient, and entropy of hydration. A global study which also included nonspherical ions (NaAce, NaNO(3) and NaSCN) showed the strongest correlation with the viscosity coefficient. Our results are interpreted in terms of the Collins model, where larger ions have more mobile water in the first hydration cage immediately surrounding the gel, therefore making them more adhesive to the surface of the stationary phase of the gel and ultimately reducing the level of expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M G Swann
- Department of Chemistry, University Of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
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Fierro D, Buhr K, Abetz C, Boschetti-de-Fierro A, Abetz V. New Insights into the Control of Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Membranes. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and morphological characterization of a so-called composite membrane based on a 3-miktoarm star terpolymer on a support layer is reported. It is demonstrated that different levels of order and different morphological orientations can be obtained by directly casting the star terpolymer solution on the support, depending on the prior treatment of the support layer and the casting conditions.
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