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Jahinge TL, Payne MK, Unruh DK, Jayasinghe AS, Yu P, Forbes TZ. Characterization of Water Structure and Phase Behavior within Metal-Organic Nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18899-18908. [PMID: 38081592 PMCID: PMC10753883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Water behavior under nanoconfinement varies significantly from that in the bulk but also depends on the nature of the pore walls. Hybrid compound offers the ideal system to explore water behavior in complex materials, so a model metal-organic nanotube (UMONT) material was utilized to explore the behavior of water between 100 and 293 K. Single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction revealed the formation of a filled Ice-I arrangement that was previously predicted to only occur under high pressures. 17O NMR spectra suggest that the onset of melting for the water in the UMONT channels occurs at 98 K and the presence of ice-like water up to 293 K, indicating that the complete ice-water transition does not occur before dehydration of the material. Overall, the water behavior differs significantly from hydrophobic single-walled carbon nanotubes indicating precise control over water can be achieved through rational design of hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiron
H. L. Jahinge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Maurice K. Payne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ashini S. Jayasinghe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ping Yu
- Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance Facility, University
of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tori Z. Forbes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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2
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Liu K, Wang M, Zhou Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Han L, Han W. Exploration of the cofactor specificity of wild-type phosphite dehydrogenase and its mutant using molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14527-14533. [PMID: 35424015 PMCID: PMC8697927 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphite dehydrogenase (Pdh) catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of phosphite to phosphate with the formation of NADH. It can be used in several bioorthogonal systems for metabolic control and related applications, for example, bioelectricity. At present, NAD has poor stability at high concentrations and costs are expensive. Implementation of a non-natural cofactor alternative to the ubiquitous redox cofactor nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) is of great scientific and biotechnological interest. Several Pdhs have been engineered to favor a smaller-sized NAD analogue with a cheaper price and better thermal stability, namely, nicotinamide cytosine dinucleotide (NCD). However, the conformational changes of two cofactors binding to Pdh remain unknown. In this study, five molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to exploit the different cofactors binding to wild-type (WT) Pdh and mutant-type (MT) Pdh (I151R/P176E/M207A). The results were as follows: First, compared with WT Pdh, the cofactor-binding pocket of mutant Pdh became smaller, which may favor a smaller-sized NCD. Second, secondary structure analysis showed that the alpha helices in residues 151–207 partly disappeared in mutant Pdh binding to NAD or NCD. Our theoretical results may provide a basis for further studies on the Pdh family. Phosphite dehydrogenase (Pdh) catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of phosphite to phosphate with the formation of NADH.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- High School Attached to Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- High School Attached to Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yudong Liu
- High School Attached to Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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3
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Water in confinement of epoxy layer and hydroxylated (001) γ-alumina: An atomistic simulation view. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Applegate LC, Forbes TZ. Controlling water structure and behavior: design principles from metal organic nanotubular materials. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00331j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water exhibits unique and unexpected behavioral and structural changes when confined to the nanoscale, notably within the pores of metal–organic nanotubes.
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5
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Dutta S, Prasad SK. Confinement-driven radical change in a sequence of rotator phases: a study on n-octacosane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24345-24352. [PMID: 30215085 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rotator-phase forming n-alkanes have been studied extensively in both their bulk state and in nanoconfinement. While some alkanes maintain their bulk-state rotator phases in nanoconfinement albeit with increased disorder, there are others exhibiting new rotator phases upon confinement. We present here a temperature dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) study on n-octacosane (C28H58), which almost completely loses its bulk state RIV phase and undergoes complete disappearance of its RIII phase. In their place, when confined in cylindrical anodized alumina nanopores, a phase highly resembling the hexatic mesophase is formed at a higher temperature and the RI rotator phase at a lower temperature. The effects of finite size, interfacial interactions with the host matrix and alkyl chain flexibility are used to provide an explanation for such unexpected behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeet Dutta
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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6
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Awuah JB, Dzade NY, Tia R, Adei E, Kwakye-Awuah B, Richard A Catlow C, de Leeuw NH. A density functional theory study of arsenic immobilization by the Al(III)-modified zeolite clinoptilolite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11297-305. [PMID: 27052997 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00190d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present density functional theory calculations of the adsorption of arsenic acid (AsO(OH)3) and arsenous acid (As(OH)3) on the Al(III)-modified natural zeolite clinoptilolite under anhydrous and hydrated conditions. From our calculated adsorption energies, we show that adsorption of both arsenic species is favorable (associative and exothermic) under anhydrous conditions. When the zeolite is hydrated, adsorption is less favourable, with the water molecules causing dissociation of the arsenic complexes, although exothermic adsorption is still observed for some sites. The strength of interaction of the arsenic complexes is shown to depend sensitively on the Si/Al ratio in the Al(III)-modified clinoptilolite, which decreases as the Si/Al ratio increases. The calculated large adsorption energies indicate the potential of Al(iii)-modified clinoptilolite for arsenic immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel B Awuah
- Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nelson Y Dzade
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 9, Utrecht, 3584 CC, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard Tia
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evans Adei
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bright Kwakye-Awuah
- Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - C Richard A Catlow
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 9, Utrecht, 3584 CC, The Netherlands. and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, UK and School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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7
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Zaunbrecher LK, Cygan RT, Elliott WC. Molecular Models of Cesium and Rubidium Adsorption on Weathered Micaceous Minerals. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5691-700. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512824k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Zaunbrecher
- Department
of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
| | - Randall T. Cygan
- Geochemistry
Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0754, United States
| | - W. Crawford Elliott
- Department
of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
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8
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Datta SJ, Moon WK, Choi DY, Hwang IC, Yoon KB. A Novel Vanadosilicate with Hexadeca‐Coordinated Cs
+
Ions as a Highly Effective Cs
+
Remover. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7203-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuvo Jit Datta
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Center for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121‐742 (Korea)
| | - Won Kyung Moon
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Center for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121‐742 (Korea)
| | - Do Young Choi
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Center for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121‐742 (Korea)
| | - In Chul Hwang
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Center for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121‐742 (Korea)
| | - Kyung Byung Yoon
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Center for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121‐742 (Korea)
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9
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Datta SJ, Moon WK, Choi DY, Hwang IC, Yoon KB. A Novel Vanadosilicate with Hexadeca‐Coordinated Cs
+
Ions as a Highly Effective Cs
+
Remover. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuvo Jit Datta
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Center for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121‐742 (Korea)
| | - Won Kyung Moon
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Center for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121‐742 (Korea)
| | - Do Young Choi
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Center for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121‐742 (Korea)
| | - In Chul Hwang
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Center for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121‐742 (Korea)
| | - Kyung Byung Yoon
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Center for Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121‐742 (Korea)
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10
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Wang D, Böckmann A, Dolenc J, Meier BH, van Gunsteren WF. On the behavior of water at subfreezing temperatures in a protein crystal: evidence of higher mobility than in bulk water. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11433-47. [PMID: 23998392 DOI: 10.1021/jp400655v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NMR experiments have shown that water molecules in the crystal of the protein Crh are still mobile at temperatures well below 273 K. In order to investigate this water anomaly, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study of crystalline Crh was carried out to determine the mobility of water in this crystal. The simulations were carried out at three temperatures, 150, 200, and 291 K. Simulations of bulk water at these temperatures were also done to obtain the properties of the simple point charge (SPC) water model used at these temperatures and to allow a comparison of the properties of water in the Crh crystal with those of bulk water at the same temperatures. According to the simulations, water is immobilized at 150 K both in crystal and in bulk water. As expected, at 291 K it diffuses and rotates more slowly in the protein crystal than in bulk water. However, at 200 K, the translational and rotational mobility of the water molecules is larger in the crystal than in bulk water. The enhancement of water mobility in the crystal at 200 K was further investigated by MD simulations in which the backbone or all protein atoms were positionally restrained, and in which additionally the electrostatic protein-water interactions were removed. Of these changes in the environment of the water molecules, rigidifying the protein backbones slightly enhanced water diffusion, while it slowed down rotation. In contrast, removal of electrostatic protein-water interactions did not change water diffusion but enhanced rotational motion significantly. Further investigations are required to delineate particular features of the protein crystal that induce the anomalous behavior of water at 200 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Salles F, Douillard JM, Bildstein O, Gaudin C, Prelot B, Zajac J, Van Damme H. Driving force for the hydration of the swelling clays: case of montmorillonites saturated with alkaline-earth cations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 395:269-76. [PMID: 23352873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Important structural modifications occur in swelling clays upon water adsorption. The multi-scale evolution of the swelling clay structure is usually evidenced by various experimental techniques. However, the driving force behind such phenomena is still not thoroughly understood. It appears strongly dependent on the nature of the interlayer cation. In the case of montmorillonites saturated with alkaline cations, it was inferred that the compensating cation or the layer surface could control the hydration process and thus the opening of the interlayer space, depending on the nature of the interlayer cation. In the present study, emphasis is put on the impact of divalent alkaline-earth cations compensating the layer charge in montmorillonites. Since no experimental technique offers the possibility of directly determining the hydration contributions related to interlayer cations and layer surfaces, an approach based on the combination of electrostatic calculations and immersion data is developed here, as already validated in the case of montmorillonites saturated by alkaline cations. This methodology allows to estimate the hydration energy for divalent interlayer cations and therefore to shed a new light on the driving force for hydration process occurring in montmorillonites saturated with alkaline-earth cations. Firstly, the surface energy values obtained from the electrostatic calculations based on the Electronegativity Equalization Method vary from 450 mJ m(-2) for Mg-montmorillonite to 1100 mJ m(-2) for Ba-montmorillonite. Secondly, considering both the hydration energy for cations and layer surfaces, the driving force for the hydration of alkaline-earth saturated montmorillonites can be attributed to the interlayer cation in the case of Mg-, Ca-, Sr-montmorillonites and to the interlayer surface in the case of Ba-montmorillonites. These results explain the differences in behaviour upon water adsorption as a function of the nature of the interlayer cation, thereby allowing the macroscopic swelling trends to be better understood. The knowledge of hydration processes occurring in homoionic montmorillonites saturated with both the alkaline and the alkaline-earth cations may be of great importance to explain the behaviour of natural clay samples where mixtures of the two types of interlayer cation are present and also provides valuable information on the cation exchange occurring in the swelling clays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Salles
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France.
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12
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Itani L, Bozhilov KN, Clet G, Delmotte L, Valtchev V. Factors That Control Zeolite L Crystal Size. Chemistry 2011; 17:2199-210. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Li JR, Huang XY. [(Me)2NH2]0.75[Ag1.25SnSe3]: A three-dimensionally microporous chalcogenide exhibiting framework flexibility upon ion-exchange. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4387-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Bonnaud PA, Coasne B, Pellenq RJM. Molecular simulation of water confined in nanoporous silica. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:284110. [PMID: 21399282 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/28/284110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a molecular simulation study of the thermodynamics, structure and dynamics of water confined at ambient temperature in hydroxylated silica nanopores of a width H = 10 and 20 Å. The adsorption isotherms for water in these nanopores resemble those observed for experimental samples; the adsorbed amount increases continuously in the multilayer adsorption regime until a jump occurs due to capillary condensation of the fluid within the pore. Strong layering of water in the vicinity of the silica surfaces is observed as marked density oscillations are observed up to 8 Å from the surface in the density profiles for confined water. Our results indicate that water molecules within the first adsorbed layer tend to adopt a H-down orientation with respect to the silica substrate. For all pore sizes and adsorbed amounts, the self-diffusivity of confined water is lower than the bulk, due to the hydrophilic interaction between the water molecules and the hydroxylated silica surface. Our results also suggest that the self-diffusivity of confined water is sensitive to the adsorbed amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Bonnaud
- Centre Interdisciplinaire des Nanosciences de Marseille, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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15
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Chávez ML, de Pablo L, García TA. Adsorption of Ba2+ by Ca-exchange clinoptilolite tuff and montmorillonite clay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 175:216-223. [PMID: 19926210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of barium by Ca-exchanged clinoptilolite and montmorillonite is presented. The kinetics of adsorption of Ba(2+) were evaluated contacting 1g portion of each adsorber with 100mL 0.1N BaCl(2) for 200 h. Adsorption by Ca-clinoptilolite is defined by second-order kinetics of rate constant K(v) 8.232 x 10(-2) g mg(-1)h(-1) and maximum removal of 71.885 mg g(-1). It is a two-stage process initiated by a rapid uptake of Ba(2+) followed by more moderate kinetics. The adsorption isotherms were determined contacting 0.2g of each adsorber with 10 mL 0.1-0.005N BaCl(2)+CaCl(2) solution, Ba(2+)/Ca(2+) ratio 1, for periods of 7 days for the tuff and 2 days for the clay. The equilibrium adsorption is described by the Langmuir model, of equilibrium constant K 0.0151 L mg(-1) and maximum adsorption of 15.29 mg g(-1). The adsorption of Ba(2+) by Ca-exchanged montmorillonite also follows a second-order reaction of rate constant K(v) 3.179 x 10(-2) g mg(-1)h(-1), and calculated separation of 36.74 mg g(-1); the Langmuir isotherm is defined by the constant K 0.034 L mg(-1) and maximum adsorption of 15.29 mg g(-1). X-ray diffraction shows that the exchange of Ba(2+) modifies the d(001) of Ca-montmorillonite from 15.4 to 12.4A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Chávez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, Mexico.
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Castillo J, Dubbeldam D, Vlugt T, Smit B, Calero S. Evaluation of various water models for simulation of adsorption in hydrophobic zeolites. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020902865923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Ockwig NW, Greathouse JA, Durkin JS, Cygan RT, Daemen LL, Nenoff TM. Nanoconfined Water in Magnesium-Rich 2:1 Phyllosilicates. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8155-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ja900812m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Ockwig
- Geochemistry Department and Surface and Interface Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center LANSCE-LC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Jeffery A. Greathouse
- Geochemistry Department and Surface and Interface Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center LANSCE-LC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Justin S. Durkin
- Geochemistry Department and Surface and Interface Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center LANSCE-LC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Randall T. Cygan
- Geochemistry Department and Surface and Interface Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center LANSCE-LC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Luke L. Daemen
- Geochemistry Department and Surface and Interface Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center LANSCE-LC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Tina M. Nenoff
- Geochemistry Department and Surface and Interface Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center LANSCE-LC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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