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Wang Y, Liu L, Qiao X, Sun M, Guo J, Zhao B, Zhang J. Atmospheric fate and impacts of HFO-1234yf from mobile air conditioners in East Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170137. [PMID: 38242457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) is being used as refrigerant to replace HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), a potent greenhouse gas, in mobile air conditioners. However, the environmental impacts of HFO-1234yf, which is quickly and almost completely transformed to the persistent and phytotoxic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), is of great concern. Here, we used the nested-grid chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, to assess the fate and environmental impacts of HFO-1234yf emissions from mobile air conditioners in East Asia. With total emissions of 30.3 Gg yr-1, the annual mean concentrations of HFO-1234yf in China, Japan, and South Korea were 4.00, 3.23, and 5.54 pptv (parts per trillion volume), respectively, and the annual deposition fluxes (dry plus wet) of TFA in these regions were 0.35, 0.48, and 0.53 kg km-2 yr-1, dominated by wet deposition. About 14 %, 13 % and 11 % of HFO-1234yf emissions were deposited as TFA in China, Japan and South Korea, respectively, i.e. a large portion of TFA was deposited in areas outside of the emission boundary regions. The TFA characteristics in Japan and South Korea was significantly influenced by emission from China, which contributions ranged from 43 % to 94 % for the TFA concentrations and 44 % to 98 % for the TFA depositions across the four seasons. This suggests that the influence of neighboring emission sources cannot be ignored when assessing the impact of HFO-1234yf emissions in individual countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xueqi Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Beijing Ecological Environment Assessment and Complaints Center, Beijing 100161, China
| | - Junyu Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bu Zhao
- School for Environment and Sustainability and Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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2
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Xu J, Dai CM, Xu X, Jian J. Structural and spectroscopic characterization of large boron heterocyclic radicals: Matrix infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123539. [PMID: 37857070 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Six boron heterocyclic radicals with different conformations or configurations were synthesized in solid neon and identified by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy as well as quantum-chemical calculations. The ground-state boron atom selectively attacks the C = C bond of cycloheptene forming η2 (1,2)-BC7H12 complex (A), which contains a chair conformation and a boat conformation. Species A isomerizes to the 2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroborocine radical (B), which involves an eight-membered boron heterocyclic ring and also has two isomers observed. The 1-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-2,3,4-dihydro borole radical (C) with E-configuration and Z-configuration is generated as the final product under UV light irradiation through ring contraction reaction and the hydrogen atom transfer reaction. The observation of species A and further photo-isomerization to species C is consistent with theoretical predictions that these reactions are thermodynamically exothermic and kinetically facile. This work not only provides a possible route for future design and synthesis of corresponding borole derivatives, but also provides new insights into the structural and spectroscopic information of boron heterocyclic radicals with different conformations and configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Xu
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Dai
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, China
| | - Jiwen Jian
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, China.
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3
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Manonmani G, Sandhiya L, Senthilkumar K. A Computational Perspective on the Chemical Reaction of HFO-1234zc with the OH Radical in the Gas Phase and in the Presence of Mineral Dust. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9564-9576. [PMID: 36534504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gas phase and heterogeneous reaction on mineral dust aerosols of trace gases could significantly affect the tropospheric oxidation capacity and aerosol composition of the atmosphere. In this work, the OH radical-initiated oxidation of a hydrofluoroolefin, HFO-1234zc, and subsequent reaction of favorable intermediates with other reactive species, such as O2, HO2, and NOx (x = 1-2) radicals, were studied, and the role of mineral dust in the form of silicate clusters on the reaction mechanism and rate constant was studied. In the gas phase, OH radical addition to HFO-1234zc is kinetically more favorable than the H-atom abstraction reaction. The calculated reaction energy barrier and thermochemical parameters show that both the initial reactions are more feasible on silicate clusters. Thus, silicates can act as chemical sinks for trapping of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs). It is found that both gas-phase and heterogeneous reactions are responsible for the transformation of HFOs into fluorinated compounds in the atmosphere. Further, the results show that the ozone creation potential of HFO-1234zc is low, and few of the products are harmful to aquatic organisms. This study provides new insights on the formation of toxic pollutants from the oxidation of HFO-1234zc, which may have significant implications in the troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manonmani
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore641 046, India
| | - L Sandhiya
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi110012, India
| | - K Senthilkumar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore641 046, India
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4
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Fawzi T, Al‐Talib AAM. The effect of water and sodium hydrogen carbonate content on flexible polyurethane's microstructure, water, and mechanical properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Fawzi
- Institute of Photonics National Sun Yat‐sen University Kaohsiung City Taiwan
| | - Ammar A. M. Al‐Talib
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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5
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Theoretical investigations on the OH radical mediated kinetics of cis- and trans-CH3CF=CHF and CH3CH=CF2 over temperature range of 200-400K. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Uchimaru T, Mizukado J. Computational studies of fluorinated propenes: The fluorine "cis effect," barrier heights of the internal rotation of CX3 (X = H or F) group, and π-bond strengths. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Rivela CB, Gibilisco RG, Tovar CM, Barnes I, Wiesen P, Blanco MB, Teruel MA. FTIR product study of the Cl-initiated oxidation products of CFC replacements: ( E/ Z)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene and hexafluoroisobutylene. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12739-12747. [PMID: 35423798 PMCID: PMC8696996 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A product study of the reactions of (E/Z)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene ((E/Z)-CF3CF[double bond, length as m-dash]CHF) and hexafluoroisobutylene ((CF3)2C[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2) initiated by Cl atoms were developed at 298 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure. The experiments were carried out in a 1080 L quartz-glass environmental chamber coupled via in situ FTIR spectroscopy to monitor the reactants and products. The main products observed and their yields were as follows: CF3C(O)F (106 ± 9)% with HC(O)F (100 ± 8)% as a co-product for (E/Z)-CF3CF[double bond, length as m-dash]CHF, and CF3C(O)CF3 (94 ± 5)% with HC(O)Cl (90 ± 7)% as a co-product for (CF3)2C[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2. Atmospheric implications of the end-product degradation are assessed in terms of their impact on ecosystems to help environmental policymakers consider HFOs as acceptable replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia B Rivela
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET, Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad Universitaria 5000 Córdoba Argentina
| | - Rodrigo G Gibilisco
- Physikalische Chemie/FBC, Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal Wuppertal Germany
| | - Carmen M Tovar
- Physikalische Chemie/FBC, Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ian Barnes
- Physikalische Chemie/FBC, Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal Wuppertal Germany
| | - Peter Wiesen
- Physikalische Chemie/FBC, Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal Wuppertal Germany
| | - María B Blanco
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET, Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad Universitaria 5000 Córdoba Argentina
| | - Mariano A Teruel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), CONICET, Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad Universitaria 5000 Córdoba Argentina
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8
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Liu Y, Wang W. Atmospheric oxidation chemistry of hexafluoroisobutylene initiated by OH radical: Kinetics and mechanism. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Gierczak T, Bernard F, Papanastasiou DK, Burkholder JB. Atmospheric Chemistry of c-C 5HF 7 and c-C 5F 8: Temperature-Dependent OH Reaction Rate Coefficients, Degradation Products, Infrared Spectra, and Global Warming Potentials. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1050-1061. [PMID: 33481598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
c-C5HF7 (1H-heptafluorocyclopentene) and c-C5F8 (perfluorocyclopentene) are potent greenhouse gases presently used as replacement compounds in Si etching. A thorough understanding of their potential impact on climate and air quality necessitates studies of their atmospheric reactivity, radiative properties, and atmospheric degradation pathways. The predominant atmospheric removal process for these compounds is expected to be via reaction with the OH radical. In this study, rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with c-C5HF7 and c-C5F8 were measured over a range of temperatures (242-370 K) and pressures (50-100 Torr, He) using a pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence technique. In addition, a complementary relative rate technique, employing multiple reference compounds, was used to study the reactions between 273 and 372 K at 100 Torr (He) total pressure. Reaction rate coefficients were found to be independent of pressure over this range of conditions with k1(296 K) = (4.59 ± 0.10) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and k1(T) = (4.00 ± 0.40) × 10-13 exp(-(631 ± 30)/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for c-C5HF7 and k2(296 K) = (4.90 ± 0.14) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and k2(T) = (3.59 ± 0.4) × 10-13 exp(-(591 ± 25)/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for c-C5F8. Stable end-products were measured following the OH radical-initiated degradation of c-C5HF7 and c-C5F8 in the presence of O2. F(O)CCF2CF2CF2CH(O), CF2O, and CO2 were observed as the major end-products in the oxidation of c-C5HF7 with molar yields of 0.64, 1.27, and 0.53, respectively. For c-C5F8, F(O)CCF2CF2CF2CF(O), CF2O, and CO2 were observed with molar yields of 0.66, 0.63, and 0.43, respectively. The total carbon mass balance in both systems was 1.0 ± 0.15. The high yield of a C5-dicarbonyl end-product is consistent with a ring opening at the carbon-carbon double bond site for both c-C5HF7 and c-C5F8. A comparison of the present kinetic and degradation product results with previously published studies is presented. A rate coefficient upper limit for the gas-phase reaction of O3 with c-C5HF7 and c-C5F8 of 1 × 10-21 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was measured as part of this work. Atmospheric lifetimes for c-C5HF7 and c-C5F8 are estimated to be 252 and 236 days, respectively. Infrared absorption spectra of c-C5HF7 and c-C5F8 were also measured and found to agree, to within 5%, with results from previous studies. The well-mixed and lifetime adjusted radiative efficiencies (RE, W m-2 ppb-1) and 100 year time horizon global warming potential (GWP) for c-C5HF7 are 0.35, 0.24, and 46.7 and for c-C5F8 are 0.38, 0.25, and 46.2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gierczak
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3327, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - François Bernard
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3327, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Dimitrios K Papanastasiou
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3327, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James B Burkholder
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3327, United States
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10
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Wu Z, Ji Y, Li H, Bi F, Yanqin R, Gao R, Liu C, Li L, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wang X. Study on the pyrolysis characteristics of a series of fluorinated cyclopentenes and implication of their environmental influence. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Yuan S, Long Y, Xie X. In situ synthesis of CO2 adducts of modified polyethylenimines in polyether polyols for polyurethane foaming. J CELL PLAST 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x20987153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CO2 adducts from hydrophobically-modified polyethylenimines (PEIs) in powder form are newly-developed environment-friendly blowing agents for polyurethanes (PUs). However, they are difficult to disperse into foaming systems that usually contain polyether polyols as the PU soft segments. Herein, we employ mixtures of di(propylene glycol) monomethyl ether-grafted polyethylenimines (DPG-PEIs) and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) polyols to absorb CO2, with in situ formation of the CO2 adduct particles as PU blowing agents. Their CO2 saturation degrees, revealed by thermogravimetry, scatter in the range of 93–98%. The DPG side chains tend to be exposed at the particle–matrix interface to stabilize the particles. In addition, some PPG oligomers in the matrix might entangle with the CO2 adduct macromolecules during the in situ particle formation. The entangled PPG chains could further stabilize the suspending particles. The high grafting rate and high molecular weight of the PEI backbones could result in small particles, which largely thicken the foaming systems. The optimized blowing agents, with grafting rates between 5% and 8% and PEI backbone molecular weights not higher than 10k Da, show particle sizes from several hundreds of nanometers to ∼1 μm. The resultant foams demonstrate densities below 50 kg/m3 and compressive strengths over 200 kPa, comparable to the values from industrial foams. This in situ CO2 adduction has potential as a universal method suitable for PU foaming at an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhu Long
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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12
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McGillen MR, Papadimitriou VC, Smith SC, Burkholder JB. FC(O)C(O)F, FC(O)CF 2C(O)F, and FC(O)CF 2CF 2C(O)F: Ultraviolet and Infrared Absorption Spectra and 248 nm Photolysis Products. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7123-7133. [PMID: 32786981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorodicarbonyl (PFDC) compounds may be emitted directly into the atmosphere or formed in the atmospheric degradation of trace fluorinated gases, such as unsaturated perfluoro cyclic compounds. A potential atmospheric removal process for PFDCs is UV photolysis, which is presently not well-characterized. In this work, UV and infrared absorption spectra of FC(O)C(O)F, FC(O)CF2C(O)F, and FC(O)CF2CF2C(O)F (three of the simplest PFDCs) and their 248 nm photolysis products are reported. UV spectra were measured at 296 K between 190 and 320 nm using single wavelength and broadband diode array spectroscopic measurement techniques. Infrared absorption spectra were measured at 296 K using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy between 500 and 4000 cm-1. The PFDCs are shown to be potent greenhouse gases with radiative efficiencies (well-mixed) of 0.142, 0.218, and 0.293 W m-2 ppb-1 for FC(O)C(O)F, FC(O)CF2C(O)F, and FC(O)CF2CF2C(O)F, respectively. Photolysis product yields (248 nm) were measured using pulsed laser photolysis combined with infrared absorption detection of radical products scavenged to stable bromides by reaction with Br2. BrC(O)F was identified as a major stable end product in all systems with a yield greater than ∼90%. The infrared spectrum of BrC(O)F is reported as part of this study. FC(O)CBrF2 and FC(O)CF2CBrF2 were also identified as products in the photolysis of FC(O)CF2C(O)F and FC(O)CF2CF2C(O)F, respectively, by comparison with theoretically calculated infrared absorption spectra. A carbonyl difluoride (CF2O) primary photolysis yield of ∼10% was measured in the photolysis of FC(O)C(O)F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R McGillen
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Vassileios C Papadimitriou
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shona C Smith
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James B Burkholder
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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13
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Chattopadhyay A, Papadimitriou VC, Marshall P, Burkholder JB. Temperature‐dependent rate coefficients for the gas‐phase OH + furan‐2,5‐dione (C
4
H
2
O
3
, maleic anhydride) reaction. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparajeo Chattopadhyay
- Earth System Research LaboratoryChemical Sciences DivisionNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder Colorado
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado Boulder Colorado
| | - Vassileios C. Papadimitriou
- Earth System Research LaboratoryChemical Sciences DivisionNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder Colorado
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado Boulder Colorado
| | - Paul Marshall
- Earth System Research LaboratoryChemical Sciences DivisionNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder Colorado
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado Boulder Colorado
| | - James B. Burkholder
- Earth System Research LaboratoryChemical Sciences DivisionNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder Colorado
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14
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Gour NK, Deka RC, Paul S. Atmospheric oxidation of 2-fluoropropene (CH3CFCH2) with Cl atom and aerial degradation of its product radicals by computational study. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05437e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary degradation of 2-fluoropropene initiated by Cl atom and subsequent degradation of its product radials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subrata Paul
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur
- India
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15
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Gour NK, Borthakur K, Paul S, Chandra Deka R. Tropospheric degradation of 2-fluoropropene (CH 3CFCH 2) initiated by hydroxyl radical: Reaction mechanisms, kinetics and atmospheric implications from DFT study. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124556. [PMID: 31422310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of hydrofluoro-olefins (HFOs) with oxidants plays a significant role in the troposphere. Thus, we have investigated detail theoretical calculations of hydroxyl radical (•OH) initiated oxidation of 2-fluoropropene (CH3CFCH2) using M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Here, we have considered different possible H-abstraction and OH addition for the degradation of CH3CFCH2 molecule. The potential energy analysis shows that OH-addition channels are more dominant than H-abstraction channels. The calculated reaction enthalpies (ΔrH°) and Gibbs free energies (ΔrG°) also suggest that OH-addition reaction channels are more favourable than H-abstraction channels. The overall rate coefficients for CH3CFCH2 + •OH reaction is calculated within the temperature range of 250-450 K. The observed overall rate coefficient (2.01 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) at 298 K for the titled reaction is found to be in good agreement with the earlier reported experimental rate coefficient. The calculated percentage branching ratio shows that the contribution of OH-addition to α-carbon and β-carbon of CH3CFCH2 molecule are 85.10% and 14.20% to the overall rate coefficient while H-abstractions have a negligible contribution. Based on the kinetics calculations, the atmospheric lifetime of the titled molecule is found to be 0.6 days. Further, we have also explored the degradation pathways of OH-addition product radicals and found acetyl fluoride (CH3CFO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are the end degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nand Kishor Gour
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Kaushik Borthakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Subrata Paul
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Ramesh Chandra Deka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
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16
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Baasandorj M, Papadimitriou VC, Burkholder JB. Rate Coefficients for the Gas-Phase Reaction of ( E)- and ( Z)-CF 3CF═CFCF 3 with the OH Radical and Cl-Atom. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5051-5060. [PMID: 31117596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical and Cl-atom with ( E)- and ( Z)-CF3CF═CFCF3 were measured using a relative rate technique over a range of temperature (240-375 K) and bath gas pressure (50-630 Torr, He). The obtained rate coefficients were found to be independent of pressure under these conditions. The obtained rate coefficients for the reaction of Cl-atom with ( E)- and ( Z)-CF3CF═CFCF3 at 296 K were k1(296 K) = (7.23 ± 0.3) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and k2(296 K) = (6.70 ± 0.3) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively, with the temperature dependence described by the Arrhenius expressions: k1( T) = (3.47 ± 0.35) × 10-12 exp[(210 ± 25)/ T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and k2( T) = (3.37 ± 0.35) × 10-12 exp[(199 ± 25)/ T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The rate coefficients for the OH radical reaction with ( E)- and ( Z)-CF3CF═CFCF3 were found to be k3(296-375 K) = (4.34 ± 0.45) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and k4(296-375 K) = (3.30 ± 0.35) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. The quoted rate coefficient uncertainties are 2σ (95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors. The rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with a mixture of the two stereoisomers were determined using a pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) technique for comparison with previous kinetic measurements using stereoisomer mixtures. The effective rate coefficient for the 0.7/0.3 ( E)/( Z) stereoisomer sample was found to be nearly independent of temperature over the range 222-375 K with a value of (4.47 ± 0.36) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The atmospheric lifetimes for ( E)- and ( Z)-CF3CF═CFCF3 due to OH-reactive loss are estimated to be 25 and 35 days, respectively. The lifetime-corrected radiative efficiencies (W m-2 ppb-1) and 100 year time horizon global warming potentials derived in this work are 0.05 and 1.2 for ( E)-CF3CF═CFCF3 and 0.13 and 4.1 for ( Z)-CF3CF═CFCF3. The photochemical ozone creation potentials for ( E)- and ( Z)-CF3CF═CFCF3 are estimated to be 2.5 and 2.1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhbayar Baasandorj
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 325 Broadway , Boulder , Colorado 80305-3328 , United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Vassileios C Papadimitriou
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 325 Broadway , Boulder , Colorado 80305-3328 , United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - James B Burkholder
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 325 Broadway , Boulder , Colorado 80305-3328 , United States
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17
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Gupta P, Rajakumar B. A theoretical insight on the kinetics for the reaction of (E)-/(Z)-CHF=CF(CF2)x=1,2CF3 with OH radicals under tropospheric conditions. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Gupta P, Rajakumar B. A Dual Level Direct Dynamics Study for the Reaction of CF
2
=CHCF
3
(HFC‐
1225 zc
) and CF
2
=CHCF
2
CF
3
(HFC‐
1327 cz
) towards OH Radicals. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parth Gupta
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Balla Rajakumar
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
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19
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Rivela CB, Tovar CM, Gibilisco R, Teruel MA, Barnes I, Wiesen P, Blanco MB. Product distribution and mechanism of the OH− initiated tropospheric degradation of three CFC replacement candidates: CH3CFCH2, (CF3)2CCH2 and (E/Z)-CF3CFCHF. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5592-5598. [PMID: 35515909 PMCID: PMC9060772 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The OH initiated degradation of 2-fluoropropene, 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(tri-fluoromethyl)propene and (E/Z)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene has been investigated using a 1080 L chamber at 298 K and 1000 mbar of air coupled with in situ FTIR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia B. Rivela
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.)
- CONICET
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
| | - Carmen M. Tovar
- Physikalische Chemie/FBC
- Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal
- Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Rodrigo Gibilisco
- Physikalische Chemie/FBC
- Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal
- Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Mariano A. Teruel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.)
- CONICET
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
| | - Ian Barnes
- Physikalische Chemie/FBC
- Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal
- Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Peter Wiesen
- Physikalische Chemie/FBC
- Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal
- Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - María B. Blanco
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.)
- CONICET
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
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20
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Rivela CB, Tovar CM, Teruel MA, Barnes I, Wiesen P, Blanco MB. CFCs replacements: Reactivity and atmospheric lifetimes of a series of Hydrofluoroolefins towards OH radicals and Cl atoms. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Paul S, Deka RC, Gour NK. Kinetics, mechanism, and global warming potentials of HFO-1234yf initiated by O 3 molecules and NO 3 radicals: insights from quantum study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26144-26156. [PMID: 29971745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, the oxidation of HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) with O3 molecule and NO3 radical is studied by quantum chemical methods. The possible reaction pathways of the titled molecule with O3 molecule and NO3 radical are analyzed using M06-2X meta-hybrid density functional with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. We have further employed a series of single-point energy calculations by using a potentially high-level couple cluster method with single and double excitations, including perturbative corrections ((CCSD(T)) at the same basis set. The addition reaction of HFO-1234yf with O3 molecule is initiated by the formation of primary ozonide complex, which leads to the formation of various carbonyl compounds and Criegee intermediates. The calculated energy barriers and thermochemical parameters inferred that decomposition of C˙H2OO˙ and CF3CFO is slightly more preferred over the formation of CF3C˙FOO˙ and CH2O. Further, the NO3 radical addition at α- and β-sits of CF3CF〓CH2 molecule is analyzed in details. The individual and overall rate constants for each reaction pathways are calculated by using canonical transition state theory over the temperature range of 250-450 K. We have observed that the computed rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental data. Atmospheric lifetimes and global warming potentials of the HFO-1234yf are also reported in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Paul
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Deka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Nand Kishor Gour
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
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22
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Baasandorj M, Marshall P, Waterland RL, Ravishankara AR, Burkholder JB. Rate Coefficient Measurements and Theoretical Analysis of the OH + ( E)-CF 3CH═CHCF 3 Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4635-4646. [PMID: 29694043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with ( E)-CF3CH═CHCF3 (( E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, HFO-1336mzz(E)) were measured over a range of temperatures (211-374 K) and bath gas pressures (20-300 Torr; He, N2) using a pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) technique. k1( T) was independent of pressure over this range of conditions with k1(296 K) = (1.31 ± 0.15) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and k1( T) = (6.94 ± 0.80) × 10-13exp[-(496 ± 10)/ T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1, where the uncertainties are 2σ, and the pre-exponential term includes estimated systematic error. Rate coefficients for the OD reaction were also determined over a range of temperatures (262-374 K) at 100 Torr (He). The OD rate coefficients were ∼15% greater than the OH values and showed similar temperature dependent behavior with k2( T) = (7.52 ± 0.44) × 10-13exp[-(476 ± 20)/ T] and k2(296 K) = (1.53 ± 0.15) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The rate coefficients for reaction 1 were also measured using a relative rate technique between 296 and 375 K with k1(296 K) measured to be (1.22 ± 0.1) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, in agreement with the PLP-LIF results. In addition, the 296 K rate coefficient for the O3 + ( E)-CF3CH═CHCF3 reaction was determined to be <5.2 × 10-22 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. A theoretical computational analysis is presented to interpret the observed positive temperature dependence for the addition reaction and the significant decrease in OH reactivity compared to the ( Z)-CF3CH═CHCF3 stereoisomer reaction. The estimated atmospheric lifetime of ( E)-CF3CH═CHCF3, due to loss by reaction with OH, is estimated to be ∼90 days, while the actual lifetime will depend on the location and season of its emission. Infrared absorption spectra of ( E)-CF3CH═CHCF3 were measured and used to estimate the 100 year time horizon global warming potentials (GWP) of 32 (atmospherically well-mixed) and 14 (lifetime-adjusted).
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhbayar Baasandorj
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 325 Broadway , Boulder , Colorado 80305-3328 , United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , P.O. Box 305070, Denton , Texas 76203-5070 , United States
| | | | - A R Ravishankara
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 325 Broadway , Boulder , Colorado 80305-3328 , United States
| | - James B Burkholder
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 325 Broadway , Boulder , Colorado 80305-3328 , United States
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23
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Tokuhashi K, Takizawa K, Kondo S. Rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with CF 3CX=CY 2 (X = H, F, CF 3, Y = H, F, Cl). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15204-15215. [PMID: 29560593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rate constants of OH radicals with CF3CF=CCl2, CF3CH=CF2, CF3CF=CH2, CF3CH=CH2, and (CF3)2C=CH2 have been measured over the temperature range 250-430 K. Kinetic measurements have been carried out using flash photolysis and laser photolysis methods combined respectively with laser-induced fluorescence technique. The Arrhenius rate parameters have been determined as k(CF3CF=CCl2) = (6.50 ± 0.22) × 10-13∙exp[(200 ± 10)/T], k(CF3CH=CF2) = (4.85 ± 0.14) × 10-13∙exp[(120 ± 10)/T], k(CF3CF=CH2) = (1.54 ± 0.03) × 10-12∙exp[- (100 ± 10)/T], k(CF3CH=CH2) = (1.06 ± 0.02) × 10-12∙exp[(80 ± 10)/T], and k((CF3)2C=CH2) = (8.75 ± 0.23) × 10-13∙exp[- (20 ± 10)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Infrared absorption spectra of the halogenated alkenes have been measured at room temperature. The atmospheric lifetime, global warming potential, ozone depleting potential, and photochemical ozone creation potential have been estimated. The change in the reactivity of halogenated alkenes by the substitution has been examined by considering the structure containing the atoms or atomic groups attached to the carbons on both sides of the double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Tokuhashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Takizawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Kondo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
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24
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Long Y, Yuan S, Wang Y, Xie X. Polyurethane foaming with engineered CO2-releasing nanoparticles: From the thickening effect to the industrial applications of the blowing agents. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Bernard F, Papanastasiou DK, Papadimitriou VC, Burkholder JB. Temperature Dependent Rate Coefficients for the Gas-Phase Reaction of the OH Radical with Linear (L2, L3) and Cyclic (D3, D4) Permethylsiloxanes. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4252-4264. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Bernard
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Dimitrios K. Papanastasiou
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Vassileios C. Papadimitriou
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James B. Burkholder
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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26
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Tokuhashi K, Uchimaru T, Takizawa K, Kondo S. Rate Constants for the Reactions of OH Radical with the (E)/(Z) Isomers of CF3CF═CHCl and CHF2CF═CHCl. J Phys Chem A 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Tokuhashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Uchimaru
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Takizawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kondo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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27
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Li J, Henne S, Zhang B, Hu J, Zhang J. Impacts of the Degradation of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene into Trifluoroacetic Acid from Its Application in Automobile Air Conditioners in China, the United States, and Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2819-2826. [PMID: 29381347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) was proposed as an automobile air conditioner (MAC) refrigerant worldwide. However, its atmospheric degradation product is the highly soluble and phytotoxic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), which persists in aquatic environments. We used a global three-dimensional chemical transport model to assess the potential environmental effects resulting from complete future conversion of the refrigerant in all MAC to HFO-1234yf in China, the United States, and Europe. The annual mean atmospheric concentrations of HFO-1234yf were 2.62, 2.20, and 2.73 pptv, and the mean deposition rates of TFA were 0.96, 0.45, and 0.52 kg km-2 yr-1, in three regions. The regional TFA deposition sources mainly came from emissions within the same region. The annual TFA deposition in the North Pole region was lower than the global average and mainly originated from European emissions. A potential doubling in the future HFO-1234yf emissions in China mainly affected the local TFA depositions. The TFA concentrations in rainwater were strongly affected by the regional precipitation rates. North Africa and the Middle East, regions with scant rainfall, had extremely high TFA concentrations. The rainwater concentrations of TFA during individual rain events can exceed the level considered to be safe, indicating substantial potential regional risks from future HFO-1234yf use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control , College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Stephan Henne
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Uberlandstrasse 129 , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
| | - Boya Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control , College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jianxin Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control , College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control , College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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28
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Meißner G, Kretschmar K, Braun T, Kemnitz E. Consecutive Transformations of Tetrafluoropropenes: Hydrogermylation and Catalytic C−F Activation Steps at a Lewis Acidic Aluminum Fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16338-16341. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Meißner
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Konrad Kretschmar
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Erhard Kemnitz
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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29
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Meißner G, Kretschmar K, Braun T, Kemnitz E. Consecutive Transformations of Tetrafluoropropenes: Hydrogermylation and Catalytic C−F Activation Steps at a Lewis Acidic Aluminum Fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Meißner
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Konrad Kretschmar
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Erhard Kemnitz
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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30
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Antiñolo M, Bravo I, Jiménez E, Ballesteros B, Albaladejo J. Atmospheric Chemistry of E- and Z-CF3CH═CHF (HFO-1234ze): OH Reaction Kinetics as a Function of Temperature and UV and IR Absorption Cross Sections. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8322-8331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Antiñolo
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación
Atmosférica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores,
s/n, 13071 Ciudad
Real, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario de Albacete, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación
Atmosférica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores,
s/n, 13071 Ciudad
Real, Spain
| | - Bernabé Ballesteros
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación
Atmosférica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores,
s/n, 13071 Ciudad
Real, Spain
| | - José Albaladejo
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación
Atmosférica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores,
s/n, 13071 Ciudad
Real, Spain
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31
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Liu C, Long Y, Xie J, Xie X. Towards green polyurethane foams via renewable castor oil-derived polyol and carbon dioxide releasing blowing agents from alkylated polyethylenimines. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Vijayakumar S, Ramya CB, Kumar A, Rajakumar B. Kinetic investigations of Cl atom initiated photo-oxidation reactions of cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons in the gas phase: an experimental and theoretical study. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cl atom initiated photo oxidation kinetics of cyclohexene and cycloheptene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vijayakumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - C. B. Ramya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - B. Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
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Huber ML, Assael MJ. Correlations for the Viscosity of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)). REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID 2016; 71:39-45. [PMID: 27840461 DOI: 10.1021/je200811n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to concerns about global warming, there is interest in 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) as potential replacements for refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP). In this manuscript we survey available data and provide viscosity correlations that cover the entire fluid range including vapor, liquid, and supercritical regions. The correlation for R1234yf is valid from the triple point (220 K) to 410 K at pressures up to 30 MPa, and the correlation for R1234ze(E) is valid from the triple point (169 K) to 420 K at pressures up to 100 MPa. The estimated uncertainty for both correlations at a 95 % confidence level is 2 % for the liquid phase over the temperature range 243 K to 363 K at pressures to 30 MPa, and 3 % for the gas phase at atmospheric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L Huber
- Applied Chemical and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder, Colorado 80305-3328, U.S.A
| | - Marc J Assael
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
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34
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Baasandorj M, Burkholder JB. Rate Coefficient for the Gas-Phase OH + CHF=CF2Reaction between 212 and 375 K. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Munkhbayar Baasandorj
- Earth System Research Laboratory; Chemical Sciences Division; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309
| | - James B. Burkholder
- Earth System Research Laboratory; Chemical Sciences Division; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder CO 80305
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Papadimitriou VC, Burkholder JB. OH Radical Reaction Rate Coefficients, Infrared Spectrum, and Global Warming Potential of (CF3)2CFCH═CHF (HFO-1438ezy(E)). J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6618-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b06096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vassileios C. Papadimitriou
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Chemical Kinetics, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - James B. Burkholder
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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36
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Wang H, Tirtowidjojo M, Zarth C, Laitar D. Kinetic modeling of 1,2-dichloropropane (PDC) free-radical chlorination. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hangyao Wang
- The Dow Chemical Company; Olefins, Aromatics and Alternatives R&D; Building 251, 2301 N. Brazosport Blvd. Freeport TX 77541
| | - Max Tirtowidjojo
- Olin Blue Cube Operations, LLC; 4239 East Hwy 332, OC-1120/260 Freeport TX 77541
| | - Christina Zarth
- The Dow Chemical Company, Mathematical Modeling; Hagebuttenweg 30 D-27404 Zeven Germany
| | - David Laitar
- The Dow Chemical Company, Corporate R&D, 1776 Building; Midland MI 48674
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37
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Ramanjaneyulu C, Rajakumar B. Kinetic parameters for the reaction of OH radical with cis-CHFCHCHF2, trans-CHFCHCHF2, CF2CHCHF2 and CF2CCHF: Hybrid meta DFT and CVT/SCT/ISPE calculations. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Papadimitriou VC, Karafas ES, Gierczak T, Burkholder JB. CH3CO + O2 + M (M = He, N2) Reaction Rate Coefficient Measurements and Implications for the OH Radical Product Yield. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7481-97. [PMID: 25803714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase CH3CO + O2 reaction is known to proceed via a chemical activation mechanism leading to the formation of OH and CH3C(O)OO radicals via bimolecular and termolecular reactive channels, respectively. In this work, rate coefficients, k, for the CH3CO + O2 reaction were measured over a range of temperature (241-373 K) and pressure (0.009-600 Torr) with He and N2 as the bath gas and used to characterize the bi- and ter-molecular reaction channels. Three independent experimental methods (pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF), pulsed laser photolysis-cavity ring-down spectroscopy (PLP-CRDS), and a very low-pressure reactor (VLPR)) were used to characterize k(T,M). PLP-LIF was the primary method used to measure k(T,M) in the high-pressure regime under pseudo-first-order conditions. CH3CO was produced by PLP, and LIF was used to monitor the OH radical bimolecular channel reaction product. CRDS, a complementary high-pressure method, measured k(295 K,M) over the pressure range 25-600 Torr (He) by monitoring the temporal CH3CO radical absorption following its production via PLP in the presence of excess O2. The VLPR technique was used in a relative rate mode to measure k(296 K,M) in the low-pressure regime (9-32 mTorr) with CH3CO + Cl2 used as the reference reaction. A kinetic mechanism analysis of the combined kinetic data set yielded a zero pressure limit rate coefficient, kint(T), of (6.4 ± 4) × 10(-14) exp((820 ± 150)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (with kint(296 K) measured to be (9.94 ± 1.3) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)), k0(T) = (7.39 ± 0.3) × 10(-30) (T/300)(-2.2±0.3) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1), and k∞(T) = (4.88 ± 0.05) × 10(-12) (T/300)(-0.85±0.07) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with Fc = 0.8 and M = N2. A He/N2 collision efficiency ratio of 0.60 ± 0.05 was determined. The phenomenological kinetic results were used to define the pressure and temperature dependence of the OH radical yield in the CH3CO + O2 reaction. The present results are compared with results from previous studies and the discrepancies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassileios C Papadimitriou
- †Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States.,‡Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Colorado University, 216 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,§Laboratory of Photochemistry and Chemical Kinetics, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel S Karafas
- §Laboratory of Photochemistry and Chemical Kinetics, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Tomasz Gierczak
- †Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States.,‡Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Colorado University, 216 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James B Burkholder
- †Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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González S, Jiménez E, Ballesteros B, Martínez E, Albaladejo J. Hydroxyl radical reaction rate coefficients as a function of temperature and IR absorption cross sections for CF3CH=CH2 (HFO-1243zf), potential replacement of CF3CH2F (HFC-134a). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4793-4805. [PMID: 25138554 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CF3CH=CH2 (hydrofluoroolefin, HFO-1243zf) is a potential replacement of high global-warming potential (GWP) hydrofluorocarbon (HFC-134a, CF3CFH2). Both the atmospheric lifetime and the radiative efficiency of HFO-1243zf are parameters needed for estimating the GWP of this species. Therefore, the aim of this work is (i) to estimate the atmospheric lifetime of HFO-1243zf from the reported OH rate coefficients, k OH, determined under tropospheric conditions and (ii) to calculate its radiative efficiency from the reported IR absorption cross sections. The OH rate coefficient at 298 K also allows the estimation of the photochemical ozone creation potential (ε(POCP)). The pulsed laser photolysis coupled to a laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to determine k OH for the reaction of OH radicals with HFO-1243zf as a function of pressure (50-650 Torr of He) and temperature (263-358 K). Gas-phase IR spectra of HFO-1243zf were recorded at room temperature using a Fourier transform IR spectrometer between 500 and 4,000 cm(-1). At all temperatures, k OH did not depend on bath gas concentration (i.e., on the total pressure between 50 and 650 Torr of He). A slight but noticeable T dependence of k OH was observed in the temperature range investigated. The observed behavior is well described by the following Arrhenius expression: k OH(T) = (7.65 ± 0.26) × 10(-13) exp [(165 ± 10) / T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Negligible IR absorption of HFO-1243zf was observed at wavenumbers greater than 1,700 cm(-1). Therefore, IR absorption cross sections, [Formula: see text], were determined in the 500-1,700 cm(-1) range. Integrated [Formula: see text] were determined between 650 and 1,800 cm(-1) for comparison purposes. The main diurnal removal pathway for HFO-1243zf is the reaction with OH radicals, which accounts for 64% of the overall loss by homogeneous reactions at 298 K. Globally, the lifetime due to OH reaction (τ OH) was estimated to be 8.7 days under the assumption of a well-mixed atmosphere. Assuming other removal pathways, the atmospheric lifetime (τ) was estimated to be ∼6 days. Considering the estimated τ OH and the measured IR absorption cross sections of HFO-1243zf in the atmospheric window (720-1,250 cm(-1)), its lifetime corrected radiative efficiency was calculated to be 0.019 W m(-2) ppbv(-1). GWP100 years for the HFO investigated, 0.29, is negligible compared to that of HFC-134a, the HFC to be potentially replaced (GWP100 years = 1,300, Hodnebrog et al. (Rev Geophys 51:300-378, 2013)). ε POCP for HFO-1243zf was estimated to be around 1 order of magnitude lower than that for ethylene. In conclusion, HFO-1243zf is fast degraded in the atmosphere, and it does not appreciably contribute to global warming and local/regional air pollution. Therefore, HFO-1243zf can be a suitable replacement for HFC-134a in air conditioning units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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40
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Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of (Z)-CF3CH CHF and (E)-CF3CH CHF with OH radicals at 253–328 K. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Papadimitriou VC, Spitieri CS, Papagiannakopoulos P, Cazaunau M, Lendar M, Daële V, Mellouki A. Atmospheric chemistry of (CF3)2CCH2: OH radicals, Cl atoms and O3 rate coefficients, oxidation end-products and IR spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25607-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OH, Cl and O3 kinetics and IR spectra of (CF3)2CCH2 utilized to estimate tropospheric lifetimes, radiative efficiencies, global warming potentials, estimated photochemical ozone creation potentials and tropospheric oxidation end-products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina S. Spitieri
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Kinetics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Panos Papagiannakopoulos
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Kinetics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Crete
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Institut de Combustion
- Aérothermique
- Réactivité et Environnement
- CNRS/OSUC
- Orléans
| | - Maria Lendar
- Institut de Combustion
- Aérothermique
- Réactivité et Environnement
- CNRS/OSUC
- Orléans
| | - Véronique Daële
- Institut de Combustion
- Aérothermique
- Réactivité et Environnement
- CNRS/OSUC
- Orléans
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion
- Aérothermique
- Réactivité et Environnement
- CNRS/OSUC
- Orléans
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42
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Gierczak T, Baasandorj M, Burkholder JB. OH + (E)- and (Z)-1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene-1 (CF3CH═CHCl) Reaction Rate Coefficients: Stereoisomer-Dependent Reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11015-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gierczak
- Earth System Research
Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - M. Baasandorj
- Earth System Research
Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James B. Burkholder
- Earth System Research
Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder Colorado 80305, United States
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43
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Orkin VL, Khamaganov VG, Guschin AG. Photochemical Properties of Hydrofluoroethers CH3OCHF2, CH3OCF3, and CHF2OCH2CF3: Reactivity toward OH, IR Absorption Cross Sections, Atmospheric Lifetimes, and Global Warming Potentials. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10770-7. [PMID: 25242348 DOI: 10.1021/jp506377w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L. Orkin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
of Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117829, Russia
| | - Victor G. Khamaganov
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
of Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117829, Russia
| | - Andrey G. Guschin
- Institute
of Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117829, Russia
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44
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Jubb AM, Gierczak T, Baasandorj M, Waterland RL, Burkholder JB. Methyl-perfluoroheptene-ethers (CH3OC7F13): measured OH radical reaction rate coefficients for several isomers and enantiomers and their atmospheric lifetimes and global warming potentials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4954-4962. [PMID: 24702168 DOI: 10.1021/es500888v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of methyl-perfluoroheptene-ethers (CH3OC7F13, MPHEs) are currently in use as replacements for perfluorinated alkanes (PFCs) and poly-ether heat transfer fluids, which are persistent greenhouse gases with lifetimes >1000 years. At present, the atmospheric processing and environmental impact from the use of MPHEs is unknown. In this work, rate coefficients at 296 K for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with six key isomers (including stereoisomers and enantiomers) of MPHEs used commercially were measured using a relative rate method. Rate coefficients for the six MPHE isomers ranged from ∼ 0.1 to 2.9 × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with a strong stereoisomer and -OCH3 group position dependence; the (E)-stereoisomers with the -OCH3 group in an α- position relative to the double bond had the greatest reactivity. Rate coefficients measured for the d3-MPHE isomer analogues showed decreased reactivity consistent with a minor contribution of H atom abstraction from the -OCH3 group to the overall reactivity. Estimated atmospheric lifetimes for the MPHE isomers range from days to months. Atmospheric lifetimes, radiative efficiencies, and global warming potentials for these short-lived MPHE isomers were estimated based on the measured OH rate coefficients along with measured and theoretically calculated MPHE infrared absorption spectra. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying the atmospheric impact of individual components in an isomeric mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Jubb
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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45
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Mechanism, kinetics and atmospheric fate of CF3CHCH2, CF3CFCH2, and CF3CFCF2 by its reaction with OH-radicals: CVT/SCT/ISPE and hybrid meta-DFT methods. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 48:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Wang H, Wang B, Wang B, Yang B. Theoretical study of a reaction mechanism of tropospheric interest: CH 3CH 2F + OH. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/146867813x13744829848125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dual-level electronic structure calculation has been performed to investigate the mechanism and all possible channels of OH radical reaction with CH3CH2F. Geometries and frequencies are computed at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory for all stationary points and complexes and transition states are located. Potential energy surfaces are constructed at the PMP2/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level + ZPE correction. Four types of reaction channels are identified: hydrogen abstraction, fluorine abstraction and attack on carbon atom along or perpendicular to the C–C bond axis. Hydrogen abstraction channels have lower barriers and are more exothermic, while out-of-plane β–H abstraction with the lowest barrier is competitive with a–H abstraction. Due to the high energy barrier, contributions of non-H abstraction channels are excluded. The influence of hydrogen bonding interaction is clearly observed in the barrier heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
| | - Bingxing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P.R. China
| | - Bingli Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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47
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McGillen MR, Baasandorj M, Burkholder JB. Gas-phase rate coefficients for the OH + n-, i-, s-, and t-butanol reactions measured between 220 and 380 K: non-Arrhenius behavior and site-specific reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4636-56. [PMID: 23627621 DOI: 10.1021/jp402702u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Butanol (C4H9OH) is a potential biofuel alternative in fossil fuel gasoline and diesel formulations. The usage of butanol would necessarily lead to direct emissions into the atmosphere; thus, an understanding of its atmospheric processing and environmental impact is desired. Reaction with the OH radical is expected to be the predominant atmospheric removal process for the four aliphatic isomers of butanol. In this work, rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of the n-, i-, s-, and t-butanol isomers with the OH radical were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and laser induced fluorescence to monitor its temporal profile. Rate coefficients were measured over the temperature range 221-381 K at total pressures between 50 and 200 Torr (He). The reactions exhibited non-Arrhenius behavior over this temperature range and no dependence on total pressure with k(296 K) values of (9.68 ± 0.75), (9.72 ± 0.72), (8.88 ± 0.69), and (1.04 ± 0.08) (in units of 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) for n-, i-, s-, and t-butanol, respectively. The quoted uncertainties are at the 2σ level and include estimated systematic errors. The observed non-Arrhenius behavior is interpreted here to result from a competition between the available H-atom abstraction reactive sites, which have different activation energies and pre-exponential factors. The present results are compared with results from previous kinetic studies, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and theoretical calculations and the discrepancies are discussed. Results from this work were combined with available high temperature (1200-1800 K) rate coefficient data and room temperature reaction end-product yields, where available, to derive a self-consistent site-specific set of reaction rate coefficients of the form AT(n) exp(-E/RT) for use in atmospheric and combustion chemistry modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R McGillen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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48
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Baasandorj M, Fleming EL, Jackman CH, Burkholder JB. O(1D) Kinetic Study of Key Ozone Depleting Substances and Greenhouse Gases. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2434-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312781c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munkhbayar Baasandorj
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder,
Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United
States
| | - Eric L. Fleming
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771,
United States
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland
20706, United States
| | - Charles H. Jackman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771,
United States
| | - James B. Burkholder
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder,
Colorado 80305, United States
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49
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Balaganesh M, Rajakumar B. Rate Coefficients and Reaction Mechanism for the Reaction of OH Radicals with (E)-CF3CH═CHF, (Z)-CF3CH═CHF, (E)-CF3CF═CHF, and (Z)-CF3CF═CHF between 200 and 400 K: Hybrid Density Functional Theory and Canonical Variational Transition State Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9832-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3077276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Balaganesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - B. Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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50
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Zhang W, Du B. Quantum chemical study of the mechanism for OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation reaction of (Z)-CF3CFCHF. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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