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Dumitraş D, Dalmau D, García-Orduña P, Pop A, Silvestru A, Urriolabeitia EP. Orthopalladated imidazolones and thiazolones: synthesis, photophysical properties and photochemical reactivity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8948-8957. [PMID: 38727513 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of Pd(OAc)2 with (Z)-5-arylidene-4-(4H)-imidazolones (2a-e) and (Z)-4-arylidene-5(4H)-thiazolones (3a-e) in trifluoroacetic acid results in the corresponding orthopalladated dinuclear complexes (4a-e, imidazolones; 11a-d, thiazolones) with trifluoroacetate bridges through regioselective C-H activation at the ortho position of the 4-arylidene group. Compound 4e, which contains an imidazolone substituted at 2- and 4-positions of the arylidene ring with methoxide groups and exhibits strong push-pull charge transfer, is an excellent precursor for the synthesis of fluorescent complexes with green yellowish emission and remarkable quantum yields. Breaking the bridging system with pyridine yields the mononuclear complex 5e (ΦF = 5%), while metathesis of trifluoroacetate ligands with chloride leads to the dinuclear complex 6e, also a precursor of fluorescent complexes by breaking the chloride bridging system with pyridine (7e, ΦF = 7%), or by substitution of chloride ligands with pyridine (8e, ΦF = 15%) or acetylacetonate (9e, ΦF = 2%). In addition to notable photophysical properties, dinuclear complexes 4 and 11 also exhibit significant photochemical reactivity. Thus, irradiation of orthopalladates 4a-c and 11a-c in CH2Cl2 with blue light (465 nm) proceeds via [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of the CC double bonds of imidazolone and thiazolone ligands, yielding the corresponding cyclobutane-bridging diaminotruxillic derivatives 10a-c and 12a-c, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Dumitraş
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Dalmau
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Silvestru
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Esteban P Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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2
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Gan Q, Xu G, Deng X, Liu M, Deng Y, Lu W, Ruan Y, Fu C, Yu Y. Self-assembly solid-state enhanced fluorescence emission of GFP chromophore analogues: Formation of microsheets and microtubes oriented by molecular skeleton. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:698-708. [PMID: 37866042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The p-, m- and o-N,N-dimethylamino analogs of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore (denoted as p-DBHI, m-DBHI and o-DBHI) were synthesized by 2,3-cycloaddition. These three compounds were structurally characterized by NMR, HRMS and single crystal X-ray diffraction and were shown to be in the Z-form in both the solid phase and solution. Their fluorescence properties and self-assembly behaviors were investigated by UV-Vis, photoluminescence spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. They exhibited low fluorescence quantum yields in both protic and aprotic solvents, which was consistent with the reported results, and strong emissions in the solid state, thus exhibiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behaviors. By a solvent exchange method, the p-DBHI and o-DBHI were assembled into microsheets, while the m-DBHI was assembled into microtubule-like structures. The photoluminescence properties of the assemblies were compared with those of the pristine microcrystalline powders obtained by evaporation from organic solvents. The fluorescence quantum yields of the microcrystals obtained by self-assembly were recorded to 9.86 %, 3.37 % and 31.65 %, respectively, which were much higher than those of the corresponding pristine powders (4.71 %, 2.51 % and 17.03 %). This indicated that the fluorescence properties in the solid state depended on the morphologies of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Gongnv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xuankai Deng
- Institute of Wuhan Studies, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wangting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yibin Ruan
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co. Ltd., Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
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3
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Ikejiri M, Yoshimizu A, Shiota F, Nagayama A, Fujisaka A, Kuboki Y, Miyashita K. Viscosity-Induced Emission of 5-(Diarylmethylene)imidazolone with Extended Conjugation via Attachment of N-Methylpyrrole at the 2-Position. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:518-523. [PMID: 38825446 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c24-00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a series of 2-monoaryl-5-diarylmethylene analogs of the green fluorescent protein chromophore to study their viscosity-induced emission (VIE) properties. The analogs were synthesized by a condensation with methyl imidate and N-(diarylmethylene)glycinate. Among the analogs, the N-methylpyrrol-2-yl-substituted analog 1h induced the most remarkable VIE behavior in triglyceride and lipid bilayers probably due to the high π-electron-rich property of the pyrrole ring. The pyrrole substituent in imidazolone analogs can be expected to become a common template for introducing VIE behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ai Nagayama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University
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4
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Chowdhury M, Turner JA, Cappello D, Hajjami M, Hudson RHE. Chimeric GFP-uracil based molecular rotor fluorophores. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9463-9470. [PMID: 37997774 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01539d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Uracil has been modified at the 5-position to derive a small library of nucleobase-chromophores which were inspired by green fluorescent protein (GFP). The key steps in the syntheses were Erlenmeyer azlactone synthesis followed by amination by use of hexamethyl disilazane (HMDS) to produce the imidazolinone derivatives. The uracil analogues displayed emission in the green region of visible spectrum and exhibited microenvironmental sensitivity exemplified by polarity-based solvatochromism and viscosity-dependent emission enhancement. Solid-state quantum yields of approximately 0.2 and solvent dependent emission wavelengths beyond 500 nm were observed. Select analogues were incorporated into peptide nucleic acid (PNA) strands which upon duplex formation with DNA showed good response ranging from a turn-off of fluorescence in presence of an opposing mismatched residue to a greater than 3-fold turn-on of fluorescence upon binding to fully complementary DNA strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mria Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7. rhhudson@uwo
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7. rhhudson@uwo
| | - Daniela Cappello
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7. rhhudson@uwo
| | - Maryam Hajjami
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7. rhhudson@uwo
| | - Robert H E Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7. rhhudson@uwo
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5
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Chatterjee T, Mandal M, Mardanya S, Singh M, Saha A, Ghosh S, Mandal PK. meta-Fluorophores: an uncharted ocean of opportunities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14370-14386. [PMID: 37965696 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04182d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
meta-Fluorophores (MFs) are unique ultra-light (in terms of molecular weight (MW)) fluorophores exhibiting luminescence with a wide colour gamut ranging from blue to the NIR. Single benzenic MFs are easy to synthesize, are quite bright (with photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as high as 63%) and exhibit very large Stokes shift (as high as 260 nm (8965 cm-1)), with large solvatochromic shift (as high as 175 nm), and very long excited-state-lifetime (as high as 26 ns) for such ultra-light fluorophores. An emission maximum of ≥600 nm has been achieved with an MF in a polar medium having a MW of only 177 g mol-1 and in a nonpolar medium having MW of only 255 g mol-1; therefore, a large-sized π-conjugated para-fluorophore is no longer a prerequisite for red/NIR emission. Structurally varied MFs pave the way for creating an ocean of opportunities and are thus promising for replacing para-fluorophores for different applications, ranging from bioimaging to LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Sukumar Mardanya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Manjeev Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Arijit Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Swarnali Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Prasun K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
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6
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Chen C, Henderson JN, Ruchkin DA, Kirsh JM, Baranov MS, Bogdanov AM, Mills JH, Boxer SG, Fang C. Structural Characterization of Fluorescent Proteins Using Tunable Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11991. [PMID: 37569365 PMCID: PMC10418586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The versatile functions of fluorescent proteins (FPs) as fluorescence biomarkers depend on their intrinsic chromophores interacting with the protein environment. Besides X-ray crystallography, vibrational spectroscopy represents a highly valuable tool for characterizing the chromophore structure and revealing the roles of chromophore-environment interactions. In this work, we aim to benchmark the ground-state vibrational signatures of a series of FPs with emission colors spanning from green, yellow, orange, to red, as well as the solvated model chromophores for some of these FPs, using wavelength-tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) in conjunction with quantum calculations. We systematically analyzed and discussed four factors underlying the vibrational properties of FP chromophores: sidechain structure, conjugation structure, chromophore conformation, and the protein environment. A prominent bond-stretching mode characteristic of the quinoidal resonance structure is found to be conserved in most FPs and model chromophores investigated, which can be used as a vibrational marker to interpret chromophore-environment interactions and structural effects on the electronic properties of the chromophore. The fundamental insights gained for these light-sensing units (e.g., protein active sites) substantiate the unique and powerful capability of wavelength-tunable FSRS in delineating FP chromophore properties with high sensitivity and resolution in solution and protein matrices. The comprehensive characterization for various FPs across a colorful palette could also serve as a solid foundation for future spectroscopic studies and the rational engineering of FPs with diverse and improved functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - J. Nathan Henderson
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.N.H.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Dmitry A. Ruchkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.R.); (M.S.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Jacob M. Kirsh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.M.K.); (S.G.B.)
| | - Mikhail S. Baranov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.R.); (M.S.B.); (A.M.B.)
- Laboratory of Medicinal Substances Chemistry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Bogdanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.R.); (M.S.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Jeremy H. Mills
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.N.H.); (J.H.M.)
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Steven G. Boxer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.M.K.); (S.G.B.)
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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7
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Dalmau D, Crespo O, Matxain JM, Urriolabeitia EP. Fluorescence Amplification of Unsaturated Oxazolones Using Palladium: Photophysical and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37315074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Weakly fluorescent (Z)-4-arylidene-5-(4H)-oxazolones (1), ΦPL < 0.1%, containing a variety of conjugated aromatic fragments and/or charged arylidene moieties, have been orthopalladated by reaction with Pd(OAc)2. The resulting dinuclear complexes (2) have the oxazolone ligands bonded as a C^N-chelate, restricting intramolecular motions involving the oxazolone. From 2, a variety of mononuclear derivatives, such as [Pd(C^N-oxazolone)(O2CCF3)(py)] (3), [Pd(C^N-oxazolone)(py)2](ClO4) (4), [Pd(C^N-oxazolone)(Cl)(py)] (5), and [Pd(C^N-oxazolone)(X)(NHC)] (6, 7), have been prepared and fully characterized. Most of complexes 3-6 are strongly fluorescent in solution in the range of wavelengths from green to yellow, with values of ΦPL up to 28% (4h), which are among the highest values of quantum yield ever reported for organometallic Pd complexes with bidentate ligands. This means that the introduction of the Pd in the oxazolone scaffold produces in some cases an amplification of the fluorescence of several orders of magnitude from the free ligand 1 to complexes 3-6. Systematic variations of the substituents of the oxazolones and the ancillary ligands show that the wavelength of emission is tuned by the nature of the oxazolone, while the quantum yield is deeply influenced by the change of ligands. TD-DFT studies of complexes 3-6 show a direct correlation between the participation of the Pd orbitals in the HOMO and the loss of emission through non-radiative pathways. This model allows the understanding of the amplification of the fluorescence and the future rational design of new organopalladium systems with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dalmau
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Crespo
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Esteban P Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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8
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Ke HW, Sung K. 7-membered-ring effect on fluorescence quantum yield: does metal-complexation-induced twisting-inhibition of an amino GFP chromophore derivative enhance fluorescence? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14627-14634. [PMID: 37194347 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00467h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate two aspects, namely, (1) the 7-membered-ring effect on fluorescence quantum yield and (2) whether metal-complexation-induced twisting-inhibition of an amino green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore derivative is bound to enhance fluorescence, a novel GFP-chromophore-based triamine ligand, (Z)-o-PABDI, is designed and synthesized. Before complexation with metal ions, the S1 excited state of (Z)-o-PABDI undergoes τ-torsion relaxation (Z/E photoisomerization) with a Z/E photoisomerization quantum yield of 0.28, forming both ground-state (Z)- and (E)-o-PABDI isomers. Since (E)-o-PABDI is less stable than (Z)-o-PABDI, it is thermo-isomerized back to (Z)-o-PABDI at room temperature in acetonitrile with a first-order rate constant of (1.366 ± 0.082) × 10-6 s-1. After complexation with a Zn2+ ion, (Z)-o-PABDI as a tridentate ligand forms a 1 : 1 complex with the Zn2+ ion in acetonitrile and in the solid state, resulting in complete inhibition of the φ-torsion and τ-torsion relaxations, which does not enhance fluorescence but causes fluorescence quenching. (Z)-o-PABDI also forms complexes with other first-row transition metal ions Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+, generating almost the same fluorescence quenching effect. By comparison with the 2/Zn2+ complex, in which a 6-membered ring of Zn2+-complexation enhances fluorescence significantly (a positive 6-membered-ring effect on fluorescence quantum yield), we find that the flexible 7-membered rings of the (Z)-o-PABDI/Mn+ complexes trigger their S1 excited states to relax through internal conversion at a rate much faster than fluorescence (a negative 7-membered-ring effect on fluorescence quantum yield), leading to fluorescence quenching regardless of the type of transition metal that complexes with (Z)-o-PABDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Ke
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Kuangsen Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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9
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Liao JW, Sung R, Sung K. Against the NEER principle: the third type of photochromism for GFP chromophore derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:295-304. [PMID: 34889318 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photochromism is the heart of photochromic fluorescent proteins. Excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) is the major cause of photochromism for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Z-E photoisomerization through τ-torsion is the major cause of photochromism for Dronpa (a GFP mutant). In this article, s-E-1 opens a third type of photochromism for GFP chromophore derivatives, which involves light-driven φ-torsion with no τ-torsion, followed by excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), and is gated by environmental polarity. Since s-E-1 does not follow Z-E photoisomerization through τ-torsion but undergoes light-driven φ-torsion, which involves equilibration of the excited-state rotamers, it is clearly against the NEER (Non-Equilibration of Excited-state Rotamers) principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Kuangsen Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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10
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Kovács E, Cseri L, Jancsó A, Terényi F, Fülöp A, Rózsa B, Galbács G, Mucsi Z. Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of the Aminoimidazolone Analogues of the Green Fluorescent Protein: Towards Advanced Dyes with Enhanced Stokes Shift, Quantum Yield and Two‐Photon Absorption. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ervin Kovács
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Levente Cseri
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science The University of Manchester The Mill, Sackville Street Manchester M1 3BB United Kingdom
| | - Attila Jancsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Ferenc Terényi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Anna Fülöp
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
| | - Balázs Rózsa
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Research Group The Faculty of Information Technology Pázmány Péter Catholic University Práter u. 50/A Budapest 1083 Hungary
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Imaging of Neuronal Networks and Dendritic Integration Institute of Experimental Medicine Szigony utca 43 Budapest 1083 Hungary
| | - Gábor Galbács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mucsi
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering University of Miskolc Egyetem út 1 Miskolc 3515 Hungary
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11
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Boulanger SA, Chen C, Myasnyanko IN, Sokolov AI, Baranov MS, Fang C. Excited-State Dynamics of a meta-Dimethylamino Locked GFP Chromophore as a Fluorescence Turn-on Water Sensor †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:311-324. [PMID: 34714942 DOI: 10.1111/php.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strategic incorporation of a meta-dimethylamino (-NMe2 ) group on the conformationally locked green fluorescent protein (GFP) model chromophore (m-NMe2 -LpHBDI) has drastically altered molecular electronic properties, counterintuitively enhancing fluorescence of only the neutral and cationic chromophores in aqueous solution. A ˜200-fold decrease in fluorescence quantum yield of m-NMe2 -LpHBDI in alcohols (e.g., MeOH, EtOH and 2-PrOH) supports this GFP-derived compound as a fluorescence turn-on water sensor, with large fluorescence intensity differences between H2 O and ROH emissions in various H2 O/ROH binary mixtures. A combination of steady-state electronic spectroscopy, femtosecond transient absorption, ground-state femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) and quantum calculations elucidates an intermolecular hydrogen-bonding chain between a solvent -OH group and the chromophore phenolic ring -NMe2 and -OH functional groups, wherein fluorescence differences arise from an extended hydrogen-bonding network beyond the first solvation shell, as opposed to fluorescence quenching via a dark twisted intramolecular charge-transfer state. The absence of a meta-NMe2 group twisting coordinate upon electronic excitation was corroborated by experiments on control samples without the meta-NMe2 group or with both meta-NMe2 and para-OH groups locked in a six-membered ring. These deep mechanistic insights stemming from GFP chromophore scaffold will enable rational design of organic, compact and environmentally friendly water sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Ivan N Myasnyanko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatolii I Sokolov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Baranov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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12
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Jones CM, List NH, Martínez TJ. Resolving the ultrafast dynamics of the anionic green fluorescent protein chromophore in water. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11347-11363. [PMID: 34667545 PMCID: PMC8447926 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromophore of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is critical for probing environmental influences on fluorescent protein behavior. Using the aqueous system as a bridge between the unconfined vacuum system and a constricting protein scaffold, we investigate the steric and electronic effects of the environment on the photodynamical behavior of the chromophore. Specifically, we apply ab initio multiple spawning to simulate five picoseconds of nonadiabatic dynamics after photoexcitation, resolving the excited-state pathways responsible for internal conversion in the aqueous chromophore. We identify an ultrafast pathway that proceeds through a short-lived (sub-picosecond) imidazolinone-twisted (I-twisted) species and a slower (several picoseconds) channel that proceeds through a long-lived phenolate-twisted (P-twisted) intermediate. The molecule navigates the non-equilibrium energy landscape via an aborted hula-twist-like motion toward the one-bond-flip dominated conical intersection seams, as opposed to following the pure one-bond-flip paths proposed by the excited-state equilibrium picture. We interpret our simulations in the context of time-resolved fluorescence experiments, which use short- and long-time components to describe the fluorescence decay of the aqueous GFP chromophore. Our results suggest that the longer time component is caused by an energetically uphill approach to the P-twisted intersection seam rather than an excited-state barrier to reach the twisted intramolecular charge-transfer species. Irrespective of the location of the nonadiabatic population events, the twisted intersection seams are inefficient at facilitating isomerization in aqueous solution. The disordered and homogeneous nature of the aqueous solvent environment facilitates non-selective stabilization with respect to I- and P-twisted species, offering an important foundation for understanding the consequences of selective stabilization in heterogeneous and rigid protein environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chey M Jones
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Nanna H List
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
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13
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Boulanger SA, Chen C, Tang L, Zhu L, Baleeva NS, Myasnyanko IN, Baranov MS, Fang C. Shedding light on ultrafast ring-twisting pathways of halogenated GFP chromophores from the excited to ground state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14636-14648. [PMID: 34212170 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since green fluorescent protein (GFP) has revolutionized molecular and cellular biology for about three decades, there has been a keen interest in understanding, designing, and controlling the fluorescence properties of GFP chromophore (i.e., HBDI) derivatives from the protein matrix to solution. Amongst these cross-disciplinary efforts, the elucidation of excited-state dynamics of HBDI derivatives holds the key to correlating the light-induced processes and fluorescence quantum yield (FQY). Herein, we implement steady-state electronic spectroscopy, femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA), femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), and quantum calculations to study a series of mono- and dihalogenated HBDI derivatives (X = F, Cl, Br, 2F, 2Cl, and 2Br) in basic aqueous solution, gaining new insights into the photophysical reaction coordinates. In the excited state, the halogenated "floppy" chromophores exhibit an anti-heavy atom effect, reflected by strong correlations between FQY vs. Franck-Condon energy (EFC) or Stokes shift, and knrvs. EFC, as well as a swift bifurcation into the I-ring (major) and P-ring (minor) twisting motions. In the ground state, both ring-twisting motions become more susceptible to sterics and exhibit spectral signatures from the halogen-dependent hot ground-state absorption band decay in TA data. We envision this type of systematic analysis of the halogenated HBDI derivatives to provide guiding principles for the site-specific modification of GFP chromophores, and expand design space for brighter and potentially photoswitchable organic chemical probes in aqueous solution with discernible spectral signatures throughout the photocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Boulanger
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA.
| | - Longteng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA.
| | - Liangdong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA.
| | - Nadezhda S Baleeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ivan N Myasnyanko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Baranov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA.
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14
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Chen C, Tachibana SR, Baleeva NS, Myasnyanko IN, Bogdanov AM, Gavrikov AS, Mishin AS, Malyshevskaya KK, Baranov MS, Fang C. Developing Bright Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-like Fluorogens for Live-Cell Imaging with Nonpolar Protein-Chromophore Interactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:8946-8950. [PMID: 33938061 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-activating proteins (FAPs) that bind a chromophore and activate its fluorescence have gained popularity in bioimaging. The fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag (FAST) is a light-weight FAP that enables fast reversible fluorogen binding, thus advancing multiplex and super-resolution imaging. However, the rational design of FAST-specific fluorogens with large fluorescence enhancement (FE) remains challenging. Herein, a new fluorogen directly engineered from green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore by a unique double-donor-one-acceptor strategy, which exhibits an over 550-fold FE upon FAST binding and a high extinction coefficient of approximately 100,000 M-1 cm-1 , is reported. Correlation analysis of the excited state nonradiative decay rates and environmental factors reveal that the large FE is caused by nonpolar protein-fluorogen interactions. Our deep insights into structure-function relationships could guide the rational design of bright fluorogens for live-cell imaging with extended spectral properties such as redder emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-4003, USA
| | - Sean R Tachibana
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-4003, USA
| | - Nadezhda S Baleeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Ivan N Myasnyanko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey M Bogdanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey S Gavrikov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander S Mishin
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kseniya K Malyshevskaya
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Baranov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-4003, USA
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15
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Li MJ, Lin YH, Sung R, Sung K. E- Z Isomerization Mechanism of the Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore: Remote Regulation by Proton Dissociation of the Phenol Group. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3614-3621. [PMID: 33885302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dronpa, a GFP (green fluorescent protein)-like fluorescent protein, allows its fluorescent and nonfluorescent states to be switched to each other reversibly by light or heat through E-Z isomerization of the GFP chromophore. In this article, a GFP chromophore (p-HBDI) in water is used as a model to explore this E-Z isomerization mechanism. Based on the experimental solvent isotope effect (kH2O/kD2O = 2.30), the E-Z isomerization of p-HBDI in water is suggested to go through the remote-proton-dissociation-regulated direct mechanism with a proton transfer in the rate-determining step. The fractionation factor (ϕ) of the water-associated phenol proton of p-HBDI in the transition state is found to be 0.43, which is exactly in the range of 0.1-0.6 for the fractionation factor (ϕ) of the transferring proton in the transition state of R2O···H···O+H2 in water. This means that the phenol proton of E-p-HBDI in the transition state is on the way to the associated water oxygen during the E-Z isomerization. The proton dissociation from the phenol group of p-HBDI remotely regulates its E-Z isomerization. Less proton dissociation from the phenol group (pKa = 8.0) at pH = 1-4 results in a modest reduction in the E-Z isomerization rate of p-HBDI, while complete proton dissociation from the phenol group at pH = 11-12 also reduces its E-Z isomerization rate by one order of magnitude because of the larger charge separation in the transition state of the p-HBDI anion. All of these results are consistent with the remote-proton-dissociation-regulated direct mechanism but against the water-assisted addition/elimination mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Robert Sung
- Faculty of Family Medicine, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Kuangsen Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
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16
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Fluorescent Orthopalladated Complexes of 4-Aryliden-5(4 H)-oxazolones from the Kaede Protein: Synthesis and Characterization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051238. [PMID: 33669118 PMCID: PMC7956804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the work reported here was to amplify the fluorescent properties of 4-aryliden-5(4H)-oxazolones by suppression of the hula-twist non-radiative deactivation pathway. This aim was achieved by simultaneous bonding of a Pd center to the N atom of the heterocycle and the ortho carbon of the arylidene ring. Two different 4-((Z)-arylidene)-2-((E)-styryl)-5(4H)-oxazolones, the structures of which are closely related to the chromophore of the Kaede protein and substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of the arylidene ring (1a OMe; 1b F), were used as starting materials. Oxazolones 1a and 1b were reacted with Pd(OAc)2 to give the corresponding dinuclear orthometalated palladium derivates 2a and 2b by regioselective C–H activation of the ortho-position of the arylidene ring. Reaction of 2a (2b) with LiCl promoted the metathesis of the bridging carboxylate by chloride ligands to afford dinuclear 3a (3b). Mononuclear complexes containing the orthopalladated oxazolone and a variety of ancillary ligands (acetylacetonate (4a, 4b), hydroxyquinolinate (5a), aminoquinoline (6a), bipyridine (7a), phenanthroline (8a)) were prepared from 3a or 3b through metathesis of anionic ligands or substitution of neutral weakly bonded ligands. All species were fully characterized and the X-ray determination of the molecular structure of 7a was carried out. This structure has strongly distorted ligands due to intramolecular interactions. Fluorescence measurements showed an increase in the quantum yield (QY) by up to one order of magnitude on comparing the free oxazolone (QY < 1%) with the palladated oxazolone (QY = 12% for 6a). This fact shows that the coordination of the oxazolone to the palladium efficiently suppresses the hula-twist deactivation pathway.
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17
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Singh A, Karmakar S, Abraham IM, Rambabu D, Dave D, Manjithaya R, Maji TK. Unraveling the Effect on Luminescent Properties by Postsynthetic Covalent and Noncovalent Grafting of gfp Chromophore Analogues in Nanoscale MOF-808. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8251-8258. [PMID: 32490672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate mimicking of photophysical properties of native green fluorescent protein (gfp) by immobilizing the gfp chromophore analogues in nanoscale MOF-808 and further exploring the bioimaging applications. The two virtually nonfluorescent gfp chromophore analogues carrying different functionalities, BDI-AE (COOH/COOMe) and BDI-EE (COOMe/COOMe) were immobilized in nanosized MOF-808 via postsynthetic modification. An 1H NMR and IR study confirms that BDI-AE was coordinated in NMOF-808, whereas BDI-EE was just noncovalently encapsulated. Interestingly, the extremely weakly fluorescent monomers BDI-AE and BDI-EE (QY = 0.01-0.03%, lifetime = 0.01-0.03 ns) showed a 102-fold increase in quantum efficiency with a significantly longer excited-state lifetime (QY = 1.8-5.6%, lifetime 0.89-1.49 ns) after immobilization in the NMOF-808 scaffold. Moreover, BDI-AE@MOF-808 has 4 times higher quantum efficiency as well as longer excited-state lifetime in comparison to BDI-EE@NMOF-808 due to the rigidity imposed in the chromophore upon coordination with Zr4+ in the former case. Further, a cell viability test performed for BDI-AE@NMOF-808 in HeLa cells confirmed the nontoxic nature of the material and, more importantly, bioimaging applications have also been explored successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Singh
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit (CPMU), School of Advance Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sanchita Karmakar
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit (CPMU), School of Advance Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Irine Maria Abraham
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Unit (MBGU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Darsi Rambabu
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit (CPMU), School of Advance Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Dhwanit Dave
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit (CPMU), School of Advance Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Unit (MBGU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit (CPMU), School of Advance Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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18
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Kim S, Le TH, Choi Y, Lee H, Heo E, Lee U, Kim S, Chae S, Kim YA, Yoon H. Electrical monitoring of photoisomerization of block copolymers intercalated into graphene sheets. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1324. [PMID: 32165623 PMCID: PMC7067762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulating polymers have received little attention in electronic applications. Here, we synthesize a photoresponsive, amphiphilic block copolymer (PEO-b-PVBO) and further control the chain growth of the block segment (PVBO) to obtain different degrees of polymerization (DPs). The benzylidene oxazolone moiety in PEO-b-PVBO facilitated chain-conformational changes due to photoisomerization under visible/ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. Intercalation of the photoresponsive but electrically insulating PEO-b-PVBO into graphene sheets enabled electrical monitoring of the conformational change of the block copolymer at the molecular level. The current change at the microampere level was proportional to the DP of PVBO, demonstrating that the PEO-b-PVBO-intercalated graphene nanohybrid (PGNH) can be used in UV sensors. Additionally, discrete signals at the nanoampere level were separated from the first derivative of the time-dependent current using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Analysis of the harmonic frequencies using the FFT revealed that the PGNH afforded sawtooth-type current flow mediated by Coulomb blockade oscillation. Block copolymers are electrically insulating and therefore characterization with electrical or electrochemical methods is not possible. Here, the authors demonstrate electrical monitoring of the photoisomerization transition in a benzylidene oxazolone block co-polymer intercalated into graphene sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semin Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Thanh-Hai Le
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Yunseok Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Haney Lee
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Eunseo Heo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Unhan Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Saerona Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Subin Chae
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.,Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea. .,Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
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19
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Chen YH, Sung R, Sung K. Dramatic changes in the excited-state behaviour of the green fluorescent protein chromophore by a strong π-donating group through significantly lowering the excited-state potential energy surface with photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2424-2428. [PMID: 31939956 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A strong π-donating group like p-NMe2 dramatically changes the excited-state behavior of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore, such as realizing charge-transfer absorption and executing significant photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), which makes a planar first singlet (S1) excited-state minimum disappear and significantly lowers the S1 excited-state potential energy surface (PES), leading to barrierless τ-torsion and φ-torsion excited-state relaxation and eliciting the φ-torsion S1 excited-state minimum. This finding is critical since a strong π-donating group like p-NMe2 may do the same things to other fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Robert Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kuangsen Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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20
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Deng H, Yu C, Yan D, Zhu X. Dual-Self-Restricted GFP Chromophore Analogues with Significantly Enhanced Emission. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:871-880. [PMID: 31928005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous gap of fluorescence emission of synthetic green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore to the protein itself makes it impossible to use for applications in molecular and cellular imaging. Here, we developed an efficient methodology to enhance the photoluminescence response of synthetic GFP chromophore analogues by constructing dual-self-restricted chromophores. Single self-restricted chromophores were first generated with 2,5-dimethoxy substitution on the aromatic ring, which were further modified with phenyl or 2,5-dimethoxy phenyl to form dual-self-restricted chromophores. These two chromophores showed an obvious solvatofluorochromic color palette across blue to yellow with a maximum emission Stokes shift of 95 nm and dramatically enhanced fluorescence emission in various aprotic solvents, especially in hexane, where the QY reached around 0.6. Importantly, in acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide, the fluorescence QYs of both chromophores were over 0.22, which were the highest reported so far in high polar organic solvents. Meanwhile, the fluorescence lifetimes also improved obviously with the maximum of around 4.5 ns. Theoretical calculations revealed a more favorable Mülliken atomic charge translocation over the double-bond bridge and illustrated much higher energy barriers for the Z/E photoisomerization together with larger bond orders compared with the GFP core chromophore, p-HBDI. Our work significantly improved the fluorescence emission of synthetic GFP chromophore analogues in polar solvents while reserved the multicolor emitting function, providing a solid molecular motif for engineering high-performance fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
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21
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Chen C, Zhu L, Boulanger SA, Baleeva NS, Myasnyanko IN, Baranov MS, Fang C. Ultrafast excited-state proton transfer dynamics in dihalogenated non-fluorescent and fluorescent GFP chromophores. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:021101. [PMID: 31941340 DOI: 10.1063/1.5138666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has enabled a myriad of bioimaging advances due to its photophysical and photochemical properties. To deepen the mechanistic understanding of such light-induced processes, novel derivatives of GFP chromophore p-HBDI were engineered by fluorination or bromination of the phenolic moiety into superphotoacids, which efficiently undergo excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) in aqueous solution within the short lifetime of the excited state, as opposed to p-HBDI where efficient ESPT is not observed. In addition, we tuned the excited-state lifetime from picoseconds to nanoseconds by conformational locking of the p-HBDI backbone, essentially transforming the nonfluorescent chromophores into highly fluorescent ones. The unlocked superphotoacids undergo a barrierless ESPT without much solvent activity, whereas the locked counterparts exhibit two distinct solvent-involved ESPT pathways. Comparative analysis of femtosecond transient absorption spectra of these unlocked and locked superphotoacids reveals that the ESPT rates adopt an "inverted" kinetic behavior as the thermodynamic driving force increases upon locking the backbone. Further experimental and theoretical investigations are expected to shed more light on the interplay between the modified electronic structure (mainly by dihalogenation) and nuclear motions (by conformational locking) of the functionalized GFP derivatives (e.g., fluorescence on and off).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Liangdong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Sean A Boulanger
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Nadezhda S Baleeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ivan N Myasnyanko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Baranov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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22
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Chen YH, Sung R, Sung K. Why does a para-amino group make the green fluorescent protein chromophore non-fluorescent: coherent intramolecular charge transfer reduces the Z/E-photoisomerization barrier. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8991-8994. [PMID: 31290874 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A para-N-phenyl-amino group significantly increases the fluorescence quantum yield of N-phenyl-4-aminostilbene by the "amino conjugation effect", but, in contrast, a para-amino group in the para-amino analogue (p-ABDI) of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore makes p-ABDI non-fluorescent because the coherent photo-induced intramolecular charge transfer reduces the barrier of the Z/E-photoisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Sung
- Faculty of Family Medicine, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kuangsen Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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23
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Povarova NV, Zaitseva SO, Baleeva NS, Smirnov AY, Myasnyanko IN, Zagudaylova MB, Bozhanova NG, Gorbachev DA, Malyshevskaya KK, Gavrikov AS, Mishin AS, Baranov MS. Red-Shifted Substrates for FAST Fluorogen-Activating Protein Based on the GFP-Like Chromophores. Chemistry 2019; 25:9592-9596. [PMID: 31111975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A genetically encoded fluorescent tag for live cell microscopy is presented. This tag is composed of previously published fluorogen-activating protein FAST and a novel fluorogenic derivative of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like chromophore with red fluorescence. The reversible binding of the novel fluorogen and FAST is accompanied by three orders of magnitude increase in red fluorescence (580-650 nm). The proposed dye instantly stains target cellular proteins fused with FAST, washes out in a minute timescale, and exhibits higher photostability of the fluorescence signal in confocal and widefield microscopy, in contrast with previously published fluorogen:FAST complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Povarova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Snizhana O Zaitseva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S Baleeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Smirnov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan N Myasnyanko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina B Zagudaylova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina G Bozhanova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Gorbachev
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Blvd 30, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Kseniya K Malyshevskaya
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Blvd 30, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Alexey S Gavrikov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Mishin
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Baranov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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24
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Xu JJ, Sung R, Sung K. S 1/S 0 Potential Energy Surfaces Experience Different Types of Restricted Rotation: Restricted Z/ E Photoisomerization and E/ Z Thermoisomerization by an Out-of-Plane Benzyl Group or In-Plane m-Pyridinium Group? J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4708-4716. [PMID: 31084005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Any method that can enhance the fluorescence of fluorophores is highly desirable. Fluorescence enhancement accomplished by restricted Z/ E photoisomerization through intramolecular steric hindrance or relatively high bond order of a C═C double bond in a S1 excited state has rarely been studied. In this article, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogues as a model to get new physical insights into the restricted Z/ E photoisomerization and E/ Z thermoisomerization phenomena. We found that the S1 and S0 potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the GFP chromophore analogues experience two dramatically different types of restricted rotation, and 2b can be a representative example. In its S1 PES, it is not the intramolecular steric hindrance between the out-of-plane benzyl group and the in-plane m-pyridinium group but the relatively high bond order of the I-bond in the S1 excited state of 2b that makes it have a higher barrier for the Z/ E photoisomerization, a smaller Z/ E photoisomerization quantum yield, and a higher fluorescence quantum yield. In its S0 PES, it is not the reduced bond order of the I-bond in the S0 ground state of 2b but the intramolecular steric hindrance between the out-of-plane benzyl group and the in-plane m-pyridinium group that makes it have an extra higher barrier for E/ Z thermoisomerization and a much smaller E/ Z thermoisomerization rate constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jia Xu
- Department of Chemistry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Robert Sung
- Department of Chemistry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Kuangsen Sung
- Department of Chemistry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
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25
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Lin CJ, Zeininger L, Savagatrup S, Swager TM. Morphology-Dependent Luminescence in Complex Liquid Colloids. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3802-3806. [PMID: 30785273 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Complex liquid colloids hold great promise as transducers in sensing applications as a result of their tunable morphology and intrinsic optical properties. Herein, we introduce meta-amino substituted green fluorescence protein chromophore (GFPc) surfactants that localize at the organic-water interface of complex multiphase liquid colloids. The meta-amino GFPc exhibits hydrogen-bonding (HB) mediated fluorescence quenching, and are nearly nonemissive in the presence of protic solvents. We demonstrate morphology-dependent fluorescence of complex liquid colloids and investigate the interplay between GFPc surfactants and other simple surfactants. This environmentally responsive surfactant allows us to observe morphological changes of complex emulsions in randomized orientations. We demonstrate utility with an enzyme activity based fluorescence "turn-ON" scheme. The latter employs an oligopeptide-linked GFPc that functions as both a surfactant and trypsin target. The cleavage of hydrophilic peptide results in a morphology change and ultimately a fluorescence turn-on. Fluorescent complex colloids represent a new approach for biosensing in liquid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jen Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Lukas Zeininger
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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26
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Zhong S, Rivera-Molina F, Rivetta A, Toomre D, Santos-Sacchi J, Navaratnam D. Seeing the long tail: A novel green fluorescent protein, SiriusGFP, for ultra long timelapse imaging. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 313:68-76. [PMID: 30578868 PMCID: PMC9431725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have widespread uses in cell biology. However, the practical applications of FPs are significantly limited due to their rapid photobleaching and misfolding when fused to target proteins. NEW METHOD Using a combination of novel and known mutations to eGFP, we developed a well folded and very photostable variant, SiriusGFP. RESULTS The fluorescence spectrum indicated that the excitation and emission peaks of SiriusGFP were red-shifted by 16 and 8 nm, respectively. Co- operative effects of two key mutations, S147R and S205 V, contribute to its photostability. SiriusGFP tagged to the mitochondrial outer membrane protein Omp25 showed sustained fluorescence during continuous 3D-scanning confocal imaging (4D confocal) compared to eGFP-tagged Omp25. Furthermore, with super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) we demonstrate marked improvements in image quality and resolution (130 nm in XY axis, and 310 nm in Z axis), as well as, decreased artifacts due to photobleaching. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Compared to eGFP. SiriusGFP shows a 2-fold increase in photostability in vitro, and folds well when fused to the N- and C- termini of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins. While its quantum yield is ˜3 fold lower than eGFP, its decreased brightness was more than compensated by its increasedphotostability in different experimental paradigms allowing practical experimentation without dynamic adjustment of light intensity or fluorescence sampling times. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a variant of eGFP, SiriusGFP, that shows over a two fold increase in photostability with utility in methods requiring sustained or high intensity excitation as in 4D confocal or SIM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- Dept. of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Dept. of Neurology, United States
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Santos-Sacchi
- Dept. of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Dept. of Neuroscience, United States; Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, United States
| | - Dhasakumar Navaratnam
- Dept. of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Dept. of Neuroscience, United States; Dept. of Neurology, United States.
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27
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Chen X, Song J, Chen ZN, Jin T, Long F, Xie H, Zheng Y, Zhuang W, Zhang L. Rational designing of 8-hydroxyquinolin-imidazolinone-based fluorescent protein mutants with dramatically red shifted emission: A computational study. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2307-2315. [PMID: 30318750 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Engineering fluorescent proteins to be the customized in vivo labels for monitoring cellular dynamic events is critical in biochemical and biomedical studies. The design and development of novel red fluorescent proteins is one of the most important fronts in this field due to their potential of imaging the entire organism. A recent fluorescent protein mutant eqFP650-67-HqAla with the 8-hydroxyquinolin-imidazolinone (HQI) chromophore has the plausible bathochromic shift of ~30 nm in its emission spectrum wavelength comparing to the parent fluorescent protein eqFP650. However, molecular mechanism of this significant shift remains somewhat obscure. In this study, we carefully benchmarked our computational methods and performed extensive calculations to investigate various structural components' effect on the chromophore's emission energy and decipher the molecular origin of the spectral shift. The influences of conjugation size, substituent group, substituent site as well as the number of substituents have been examined by elaborately designed chromophore derivatives. Accordingly, we proposed several chromophore mutants with dramatic bathochromic shift of up to ~60 nm in their emission spectra. We further evaluated their structural stability in the protein using molecular dynamics simulations. Present theoretical study connects the structural feature of chromophore derivatives in red fluorescent proteins with their splendid performances in shifting the emission frequency and offer the molecular insight. The computational protocol and successive examination procedure to extract the structural effect utilized herein can also be widely applied to other fluorescent proteins in general. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Song
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xin Xiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China
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28
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Storti B, Margheritis E, Abbandonato G, Domenichini G, Dreier J, Testa I, Garau G, Nifosì R, Bizzarri R. Role of Gln222 in Photoswitching of Aequorea Fluorescent Proteins: A Twisting and H-Bonding Affair? ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2082-2093. [PMID: 29878744 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) admirably combine the genetic encoding of fluorescence with the ability to repeatedly toggle between a bright and dark state, adding a new temporal dimension to the fluorescence signal. Accordingly, in recent years RSFPs have paved the way to novel applications in cell imaging that rely on their reversible photoswitching, including many super-resolution techniques such as F-PALM, RESOLFT, and SOFI that provide nanoscale pictures of the living matter. Yet many RSFPs have been engineered by a rational approach only to a limited extent, in the absence of clear structure-property relationships that in most cases make anecdotic the emergence of the photoswitching. We reported [ Bizzarri et al. J. Am Chem Soc. 2010 , 102 , 85 ] how the E222Q replacement is a single photoswitching mutation, since it restores the intrinsic cis-trans photoisomerization properties of the chromophore in otherwise nonswitchable Aequorea proteins of different color and mutation pattern (Q-RSFPs). We here investigate the subtle role of Q222 on the excited-state photophysics of the two simplest Q-RSFPs by a combined experimental and theoretical approach, using their nonswitchable anacestor EGFP as benchmark. Our findings link indissolubly photoswitching and Q222 presence, by a simple yet elegant scenario: largely twisted chromophore structures around the double bond (including hula-twist configurations) are uniquely stabilized by Q222 via H-bonds. Likely, these H-bonds subtly modulate the electronic properties of the chromophore, enabling the conical intersection that connects the excited cis to ground trans chromophore. Thus, Q222 belongs to a restricted family of single mutations that change dramatically the functional phenotype of a protein. The capability to distinguish quantitatively T65S/E222Q EGFP ("WildQ", wQ) from the spectrally identical EGFP by quantitative Optical Lock-In Detection (qOLID) witnesses the relevance of this mutation for cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Storti
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and NANO-CNR, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Margheritis
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Jes Dreier
- Department of Applied Physics and Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilaria Testa
- Department of Applied Physics and Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gianpiero Garau
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nifosì
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and NANO-CNR, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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29
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Chen YH, Sung R, Sung K. Insights into Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer: An Alternative Model for Excited State Proton Transfer of Green Fluorescence Protein. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5931-5944. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Robert Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuangsen Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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30
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Chen YH, Sung R, Sung K. Synthesis and Properties of the p-Sulfonamide Analogue of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Chromophore: The Mimic of GFP Chromophore with Very Strong N-H Photoacid Strength. Org Lett 2018. [PMID: 29527893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The para-sulfonamide analogue ( p-TsABDI) of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore was synthesized to mimic the GFP chromophore. Its S1 excited-state p Ka* value in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is -1.5, which is strong enough to partially protonate dipolar aprotic solvents and causes excited-state proton transfer (ESPT), so it can partially mimic the GFP chromophore to further study the ESPT-related photophysics and the blinking phenomenon of GFP. In comparison with 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS) (p Ka = 7.4, p Ka* = 1.3 in water), p-TsABDI (p Ka = 6.7, p Ka* = -1.5 in DMSO) is a better photoacid for pH-jump studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Robert Sung
- Department of Chemistry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Kuangsen Sung
- Department of Chemistry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
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31
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Ikejiri M, Kojima H, Fugono Y, Fujisaka A, Chihara Y, Miyashita K. Synthesis and properties of geometrical 4-diarylmethylene analogs of the green fluorescent protein chromophore. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2397-2401. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The E- and Z-isomers of E/Z-photoisomerizable diarylmethylene analogs of the GFP chromophore (geo-DAIN) produce different colors of aggregation-induced emission (AIE).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haruka Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Osaka Ohtani University
- Tondabayashi
- Japan
| | - Yuumi Fugono
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Osaka Ohtani University
- Tondabayashi
- Japan
| | - Aki Fujisaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Osaka Ohtani University
- Tondabayashi
- Japan
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32
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Sung R, Sung K. TICT excited states of o
- and p
-N
,N
-dimethylamino analogues of GFP chromophore. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sung
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Kuangsen Sung
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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33
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Synthetic green fluorescent protein chromophore analogues with a positive charge at the phenyl-like group. Amino Acids 2017; 50:141-147. [PMID: 28988398 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogues with a positive charge at the phenyl-like group have the highly electrophilic amidine carbon, smaller LUMO-HOMO energy gap, red-shifted electronic absorptions and fluorescent emissions, and accelerated E-Z thermoisomerization rates. They are water-labile and their hydrolysis results in ring-opening of the imidazolinone moiety with a half life around 25-37 h in D2O at 25 °C.
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34
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Baleeva NS, Zaitseva SO, Gorbachev DA, Smirnov AY, Zagudaylova MB, Baranov MS. The Role of N
-Substituents in Radiationless Deactivation of Aminated Derivatives of a Locked GFP Chromophore. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda S. Baleeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Snezhana O. Zaitseva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Gorbachev
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander Yu. Smirnov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Marina B. Zagudaylova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Baranov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 117997 Moscow Russia
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35
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Tsai MS, Ou CL, Tsai CJ, Huang YC, Cheng YC, Sun SS, Yang JS. Fluorescence Enhancement of Unconstrained GFP Chromophore Analogues Based on the Push–Pull Substituent Effect. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8031-8039. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shiue Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Ou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jui Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chin Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chung Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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36
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Lin CY, Both J, Do K, Boxer SG. Mechanism and bottlenecks in strand photodissociation of split green fluorescent proteins (GFPs). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2146-E2155. [PMID: 28242710 PMCID: PMC5358378 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618087114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Split GFPs have been widely applied for monitoring protein-protein interactions by expressing GFPs as two or more constituent parts linked to separate proteins that only fluoresce on complementing with one another. Although this complementation is typically irreversible, it has been shown previously that light accelerates dissociation of a noncovalently attached β-strand from a circularly permuted split GFP, allowing the interaction to be reversible. Reversible complementation is desirable, but photodissociation has too low of an efficiency (quantum yield <1%) to be useful as an optogenetic tool. Understanding the physical origins of this low efficiency can provide strategies to improve it. We elucidated the mechanism of strand photodissociation by measuring the dependence of its rate on light intensity and point mutations. The results show that strand photodissociation is a two-step process involving light-activated cis-trans isomerization of the chromophore followed by light-independent strand dissociation. The dependence of the rate on temperature was then used to establish a potential energy surface (PES) diagram along the photodissociation reaction coordinate. The resulting energetics-function model reveals the rate-limiting process to be the transition from the electronic excited-state to the ground-state PES accompanying cis-trans isomerization. Comparisons between split GFPs and other photosensory proteins, like photoactive yellow protein and rhodopsin, provide potential strategies for improving the photodissociation quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5012
| | - Johan Both
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5012
| | - Keunbong Do
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5012
| | - Steven G Boxer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5012
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37
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Ikejiri M, Mori K, Miyagi R, Konishi R, Chihara Y, Miyashita K. A hybrid molecule of a GFP chromophore analogue and cholestene as a viscosity-dependent and cholesterol-responsive fluorescent sensor. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6948-6958. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01522d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diarylmethylenated and cholestene-hybrid analogues of the GFP chromophore showed viscosity-dependent and cholesterol-responsive fluorescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenta Mori
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Osaka Ohtani University
- Tondabayashi
- Japan
| | - Rina Miyagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Osaka Ohtani University
- Tondabayashi
- Japan
| | - Rino Konishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Osaka Ohtani University
- Tondabayashi
- Japan
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38
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Ge S, Deng H, Su Y, Zhu X. Emission enhancement of GFP chromophore in aggregated state via combination of self-restricted effect and supramolecular host–guest complexation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00974g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emission response of GFP chromophore in aggregated state is greatly enhanced more than 100-fold due to the inhibition of conformational motion and the reduction of strong π–π interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Hongping Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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39
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Chatterjee T, Mandal M, Mandal PK. Solvent H-bond accepting ability induced conformational change and its influence towards fluorescence enhancement and dual fluorescence of hydroxy meta-GFP chromophore analogue. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24332-42. [PMID: 27530959 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04219h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of structural rigidity towards enhancement of fluorescence quantum yield of GFP chromophore analogues has been documented. In the present study, a new way of enhancing the fluorescence quantum yield of two ortho-meta GFP chromophore analogues meta-methoxy-ortho-hydroxy-benzylimidazolidinone (abbreviated as mOMe-HBDI) and meta-diethylamino-ortho-hydroxyl imidazolidinone (abbreviated as MOHIM) has been reported. This enhancement is controlled by the H-bond accepting ability (denoted as β value) of the solvent and happens only in the case of GFP chromophore analogues having ortho (hydroxyl)-meta (electron donating group) and not in the case of analogues having a para electron donating group. The ground state (solid) conformation of mOMe-HBDI has been obtained from single crystal X-ray analysis, exhibiting the existence of strong intramolecular H-bonding. However, in solution phase, as the solvent β value increases, the strength of intramolecular H-bonding decreases. This process has strong influence on the relative conformational orientation of phenyl and imidazolidinone rings. For mOMe-HBDI, fluorescence quantum yield increases with increase in β value of the solvents. However, the effect of solvent polarity cannot be completely ruled out. The lower wavelength emission band (∼480 nm) has been assigned to the normal charge-transferred (CT) species, whereas the highly Stokes shifted emission band (∼660 nm) has been assigned to the proton-transferred (PT) tautomer species for mOMe-HBDI. In solvents of low β value (say hexane) only the PT band and in solvents of high β value (say DMSO) only the CT band is observed. Quite interestingly, in solvents of intermediate β value both CT and PT bands, thus dual emission, are observed. For mOMe-HBDI when fluorescence decay is monitored at the normal CT emission band, it is observed to be biexponential in nature. The short component increases from ∼0.2 ns to 0.6 ns and the long component increases from 1 to 3.6 ns as the β value of the solvent increases. For a particular solvent, when fluorescence decay is monitored at the normal CT band, as the monitoring wavelength increases the amplitude of the long lifetime component increases and that of the short lifetime component decreases. Time-resolved area-normalised emission spectral (TRANES) analysis confirms the possible existence of two conformers having differential stabilisation by solvent polarity. When fluorescence decay is monitored at the PT band an instrument response limited (<60 ps) decay is noted. Strong support in favour of the above-mentioned structural, steady state and time-resolved optical observations and analyses has been obtained from the methoxy derivative mOMe-MBDI and MOMIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West-Bengal 741246, India.
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40
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Deng H, Yu C, Gong L, Zhu X. Self-Restricted Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Analogues: Dramatic Emission Enhancement and Remarkable Solvatofluorochromism. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2935-2944. [PMID: 27404318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The confinement effect of the β-barrel defines the emission profiles of the chromophores of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) family. Here, we describe the design strategy and mimicking of confinement effects via the chromophore itself, termed the self-restricted effect. By systematically tailoring the GFP core, a family of 2,5-dialkoxy-substituted GFP chromophore analogues is found to be highly emissive and show remarkable solvatofluorochromism in fluid solvents. Fluorescence quantum yield (QY) and lifetime measurements, in combination with theoretical calculations, illustrate the mechanism relying on inhibition of torsional rotation around the exocyclic CC bond. Meanwhile, theoretical calculations further reveal that the electrostatic interaction between the solvent and the imidazolinone oxygen can contribute to suppress the radiationless decay channel around the exocyclic C═C double bond. Our findings put forward a universal approach toward unlocked highly emissive GFPc analogues, potentially promoting the understanding of the photophysics and biochemical application of GFP chromophore analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidong Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University , 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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41
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Singh A, Ramanathan G. Rational Design of Heterogeneous Silver Catalysts by Exploitation of Counteranion-Induced Coordination Geometry. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Gurunath Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur 208016 India
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42
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Muselli M, Baudequin C, Perrio C, Hoarau C, Bischoff L. Pd(0)-Catalyzed Direct C−H Functionalization of 2-H-4-Benzylidene Imidazolones: Friendly and Large-Scale Access to GFP and Kaede Protein Fluorophores. Chemistry 2016; 22:5520-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Muselli
- Normandie Univ; COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF; 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex France
| | - Christine Baudequin
- Normandie Univ; COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF; 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex France
| | - Cécile Perrio
- CNRS, UMR6301-ISTCT et FR 3038, LDM-TEP, CEA-DSV/I2BM, UNICAEN; Normandie Univ; GIP CYCERON 14074 Caen France
| | - Christophe Hoarau
- Normandie Univ; COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF; 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex France
| | - Laurent Bischoff
- Normandie Univ; COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF; 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex France
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43
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Huang GJ, Harris MA, Krzyaniak MD, Margulies EA, Dyar SM, Lindquist RJ, Wu Y, Roznyatovskiy VV, Wu YL, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Photoinduced Charge and Energy Transfer within meta- and para-Linked Chlorophyll a-Perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) Donor–Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:756-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jhih Huang
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michelle A. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Eric A. Margulies
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Scott M. Dyar
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Lindquist
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Roznyatovskiy
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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44
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Olsen S, Baranov MS, Baleeva NS, Antonova MM, Johnson KA, Solntsev KM. pH-Sensitive fluorophores from locked GFP chromophores by a non-alternant analogue of the photochemical meta effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26703-26711. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02423h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a pH-sensitive fluorescence switch based on a conformationally-locked green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Olsen
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Mikhail S. Baranov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 117997 Moscow
- Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Nadezhda S. Baleeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 117997 Moscow
- Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Maria M. Antonova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 117997 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Kenneth A. Johnson
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology
- The University of Texas at Austin
- USA
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45
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Chang DH, Ou CL, Hsu HY, Huang GJ, Kao CY, Liu YH, Peng SM, Diau EWG, Yang JS. Cooperativity and Site-Selectivity of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds on the Fluorescence Quenching of Modified GFP Chromophores. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12431-43. [PMID: 26583964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides the first example of experimentally characterized hydrogen-bond cooperativity on fluorescence quenching with a modified green fluorescence protein (GFP) chromophore that contains a 6-membered C═N···H-O and a 7-membered C═O···H-O intramolecular H-bonds. Variable-temperature (1)H NMR and electronic absorption and emission spectroscopies were used to elucidate the preference of intra- vs intermolecular H-bonding at different concentrations (1 mM and 10 μM), and X-ray crystal structures provide clues of possible intermolecular H-bonding modes. In the ground state, the 6-membered H-bond is significant but the 7-membered one is rather weak. However, fluorescence quenching is dominated by the 7-membered H-bond, indicating a strengthening of the H-bond in the excited state. The H-bonding effect is more pronounced in more polar solvents, and no intermediates were observed from femtosecond fluorescence decays. The fluorescence quenching is attributed to the occurrence of diabatic excited-state proton transfer. Cooperativity of the two intramolecular H-bonds on spectral shifts and fluorescence quenching is evidenced by comparing with both the single H-bonded and the non-H-bonded counterparts. The H-bond cooperativity does not belong to the conventional patterns of σ- and π-cooperativity but a new type of polarization interactions, which demonstrates the significant interplay of H-bonds for multiple H-bonding systems in the electronically excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Ou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhih Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Kao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Eric Wei-Guang Diau
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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46
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Gutiérrez S, Martínez-López D, Morón M, Sucunza D, Sampedro D, Domingo A, Salgado A, Vaquero JJ. Highly Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Analogues Made by Decorating the Imidazolone Ring. Chemistry 2015; 21:18758-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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48
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Baleeva NS, Myannik KA, Yampolsky IV, Baranov MS. Bioinspired Fluorescent Dyes Based on a Conformationally Locked Chromophore of the Fluorescent Protein Kaede. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Deng H, Su Y, Hu M, Jin X, He L, Pang Y, Dong R, Zhu X. Multicolor Fluorescent Polymers Inspired from Green Fluorescent Protein. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Deng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Su
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Minxi Hu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lin He
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Pang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruijiao Dong
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal
Matrix Composites, and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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50
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Chatterjee T, Mandal M, Gude V, Bag PP, Mandal PK. Strong electron donation induced differential nonradiative decay pathways for para and meta GFP chromophore analogues. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:20515-21. [PMID: 26176350 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Z-E Isomerisation because of rotation around the exocyclic double bond (known as the τ-twist) and not any other internal conversion has been reported to be the major nonradiative decay channel for non-hydroxylic unconstrained para and meta GFP chromophore analogues. The equation Φf + 2ΦZE = 1 has been shown to hold well for both para and meta GFP chromophore analogues. If the above equation holds true, then upon reducing the extent of Z-E isomerisation (ΦZE), the fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) should increase. To probe the above proposition two sets of non-hydroxylic unconstrained para and meta GFP chromophore analogues were synthesized. Quite interestingly by introducing the strongly electron donating -NEt2 group to the benzenic moiety these para and meta GFP chromophore analogues were shown to exhibit differential optical behaviour w.r.t. the extent of the solvatochromic shift, Φf, ΦZE, and τf. For the first time it has been shown that the well accepted equation Φf + 2ΦZE = 1 does not hold at all for these non-hydroxylic unconstrained meta analogues. Although ΦZE has been shown to be <10%, Φf is much lower than the expected near unity value for these meta analogues. After detailed investigation into the nonradiative excited state decay channel, contrary to literature reports, energy gap law governed internal conversion and not Z-E isomerisation was shown to be the major nonradiative decay channel for these meta analogues. Two models are put forward to understand the differential optical behaviour of these para and meta GFP chromophore analogues. Support from X-ray crystal structures, NMR experiments, and computational calculations has also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohanpur, Kolkata, West-Bengal 741246, India.
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