1
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Nenavath S, Duvva N, Kaswan RR, Lim GN, D'Souza F, Giribabu L. Intramolecular Photoinduced Energy and Electron Transfer Reactions in Phenanthroimidazole-Boron Dipyromethane Donor-Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6779-6790. [PMID: 37540085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor systems in which a donor phenanthroimidazole (PhI) is directly connected to a BODIPY acceptor (Dyad1) and separated by an ethynyl bridge between PhI and BODIPY (Dyad2) have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by various spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Optical absorption and 1H NMR characteristics of both dyads with those of constituent individuals suggest that there exists a minimum π-π interaction between phenanthroimidazole and BODIPY. Quenched emission of both the dyads was observed when excited either at phenthaoimidazole absorption maxima or at BODIPY absorption maxima in all three investigated solvents. The detailed spectral analysis provided evidence for an intramolecular photoinduced excitation energy transfer (PEnT) from the singlet excited state of phenanthroimidazole to BODIPY and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the ground state of phenanthroimidazole to BODIPY. Transient absorption studies suggest that charge-separated species (PhI•+ - BODIPY•-) are generated at a rate constant of (1.16 ± 0.01) × 108 s-1 for the dyads Dyad1 and (5.15 ± 0.03) × 108 s-1 and for Dyad2 whereas energy transfer rate constants were much higher and were on the order of (1.1 ± 0.02) × 1010 s-1 and (1.6 ± 0.02) × 1010 s-1 for Dyad1 and Dyad2, respectively, signifying their usefulness in light energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Nenavath
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naresh Duvva
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ram R Kaswan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Gary N Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Sarkar M, Patra A. N, N'-octyl biphenothiazine and dibenzothiophene dioxide-based soluble porous organic polymer for biphasic photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2584-2587. [PMID: 36692376 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A donor-acceptor-based soluble porous organic polymer (PzDBS) was fabricated using a flexible core composed of N,N'-octyl biphenothiazine and a rigid building unit involving dibenzothiophene dioxide. The soluble porous organic polymer was explored for aqueous-organic biphasic photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, introducing a promising avenue in the domain of porous polymer photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
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3
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Lv J, Xie J, Mohamed AGA, Zhang X, Feng Y, Jiao L, Zhou E, Yuan D, Wang Y. Solar utilization beyond photosynthesis. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 7:91-105. [PMID: 37117911 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural photosynthesis is an efficient biochemical process which converts solar energy into energy-rich carbohydrates. By understanding the key photoelectrochemical processes and mechanisms that underpin natural photosynthesis, advanced solar utilization technologies have been developed that may be used to provide sustainable energy to help address climate change. The processes of light harvesting, catalysis and energy storage in natural photosynthesis have inspired photovoltaics, photoelectrocatalysis and photo-rechargeable battery technologies. In this Review, we describe how advanced solar utilization technologies have drawn inspiration from natural photosynthesis, to find sustainable solutions to the challenges faced by modern society. We summarize the uses of advanced solar utilization technologies, such as converting solar energy to electrical and chemical energy, electrochemical storage and conversion, and associated thermal tandem technologies. Both the foundational mechanisms and typical materials and devices are reported. Finally, potential future solar utilization technologies are presented that may mimic, and even outperform, natural photosynthesis.
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4
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Joseph J, Lourenço LMO, Tomé JPC, Torres T, Guldi DM. Unique multiphthalocyanine coordination systems: vibrationally hot excited states and charge transfer states that power high energy triplet charge separated states. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13155-13165. [PMID: 36048027 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the molecular architecture of well-organized organic building blocks and linking their functionalities with the impact of solar-light converting systems constitutes a grand challenge in materials science. Strong absorption cross-sections across the visible range of the solar spectrum as well as a finely balanced energy- and redox-gradient are all important features that pave the way for either funneling excited state energy or transducing charges. In light of this, we used thiopyridyl-phthalocyanines (PcSPy) and ruthenium (tert-butyl)-phthalocyanines (RuPc) as versatile building blocks and demonstrated the realization of a family of multi-functional PcSPy-RuPc 1-4 by means of axial coordination. Sizeable electronic couplings between the electron donors and acceptors in PcSPy-RuPc 1-4 govern ground-state as well as excited-state reactivity. Time-resolved techniques, in general, and fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, in particular, helped to corroborate a rapid charge separation next to a slow charge recombination. Key to these charge transfer characteristics are higher lying, vibrationally hot states of the singlet excited states in parallel with a charge transfer state and the presence of several heavy atom effects that are provided by ruthenium and sulfur. As such, our advanced investigations confirm that rapid charge separation evolves from both higher lying, vibrationally hot states as well as from a charge transfer state, populating charge separated states, whose energies exceed those of the singlet excited states. Charge recombination involves triplet rather than singlet charge separated states, which delays the charge recombination by one order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Leandro M O Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João P C Tomé
- CQE, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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5
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Yoneda Y, Noji T, Mizutani N, Kato D, Kondo M, Miyasaka H, Nagasawa Y, Dewa T. Energy transfer dynamics and the mechanism of biohybrid photosynthetic antenna complexes chemically linked with artificial chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24714-24726. [PMID: 36128743 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A light-harvesting strategy is crucial for the utilisation of solar energy. In this study, we addressed the expanding light-harvesting (LH) wavelength of photosynthetic LH complex 2 (LH2, from Rhodoblastus acidophilus strain 10050) through covalent conjugation with extrinsic chromophores. To further understand the conjugation architecture and mechanism of excitation energy transfer (EET), we examined the effects of the linker length and spectral overlap integral between the emission and absorption spectra of the energy donor and acceptor pigments. In the former case, contrary to the intuition based on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory, the observed energy transfer rate was similar regardless of the linker length, and the energy transfer efficiency increased with longer linkers. In the latter case, despite the energy transfer rate increases at higher spectral overlaps, it was quantitatively inconsistent with the FRET theory. The mechanism of EET beyond the FRET theory was discussed in terms of the higher-lying exciton state of B850, which mediates efficient EET despite the small spectral overlap. This systematic investigation provides insights for the development of efficient artificial photosynthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoneda
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomoyasu Noji
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Naoto Mizutani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Daiji Kato
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Kondo
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nagasawa
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Takehisa Dewa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
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6
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Park G, Karimi M, Liu W, Gabbaï FP. Green‐Light‐Driven Reductive Elimination of Chlorine from a Carbene‐Xanthylium Gold(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206265. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongjin Park
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | | | - Wei‐Chun Liu
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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7
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Park G, Karimi M, Liu WC, Gabbai FP. Green‐Light‐Driven Reductive Elimination of Chlorine from a Carbene‐Xanthylium Gold(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Domcke W, Sobolewski AL. Water Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution with Organic Photooxidants: A Theoretical Perspective. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2777-2788. [PMID: 35385277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we discuss a novel water-splitting scenario, namely the direct oxidation of water molecules by organic photooxidants in hydrogen-bonded chromophore-water complexes. In comparison with the established scenario of semiconductor-based water splitting, the distance of electron transfer processes is thereby reduced from mesoscopic scales to the Ångström scale, and the time scale is reduced from milliseconds to femtoseconds, which suppresses competing loss processes. The concept is illustrated by computational studies for the heptazine-H2O complex. The excited-state landscape of this complex has been characterized with ab initio electronic-structure methods and the proton-coupled electron-transfer dynamics has been explored with nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. A unique feature of the heptazine chromophore is the existence of a low-lying and exceptionally long-lived 1ππ* state in which a substantial part of the photon energy can be stored for hundreds of nanoseconds and is available for the oxidation of water molecules. The calculations reveal that the absorption spectra and the photochemical functionalities of heptazine chromophores can be systematically tailored by chemical substitution. The options of harvesting hydrogen and the problems posed by the high reactivity of OH radicals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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9
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Synthesis and optical properties of mono- and di-substituted 1,3,5-triazines functionalized with thiophene and furan. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Seetharaman S, Zink‐Lorre N, Gutiérrez‐Moreno D, Karr PA, Fernández‐Lázaro F, D'Souza F. Quadrupolar Ultrafast Charge Transfer in Diaminoazobenzene‐Bridged Perylenediimide Triads. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104574. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sairaman Seetharaman
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Nathalie Zink‐Lorre
- Área de Química Orgánica Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Spain
| | - David Gutiérrez‐Moreno
- Área de Química Orgánica Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Spain
| | - Paul A. Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics Wayne State College Wayne Nebraska 68787 USA
| | - Fernando Fernández‐Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Spain
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
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11
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Bayard BJ, Zarrabi N, Seetharaman S, Karr P, van der Est A, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Photoinduced energy and electron transfer in a cofacial aluminum(III) porphyrin – Phosphorus(V) porphyrin heterodimer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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12
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Ravichandiran P, Prabakaran DS, Maroli N, Kim AR, Park BH, Han MK, Ramesh T, Ponpandian S, Yoo DJ. Mitochondria-targeted acridine-based dual-channel fluorescence chemosensor for detection of Sn 4+ and Cr 2O 72- ions in water and its application in discriminative detection of cancer cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126409. [PMID: 34171666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present work was to fabricate a new low-cost, easy-to-prepare, dual-channel fluorescence chemosensor comprised of acridine-diphenylacetyl moieties (NDA) to enable remarkable Sn4+ detection in water and biological medium. The resulting NDA-Sn4+ complex was utilized for the distinguished identification of Cr2O72- ions from other anions and biomolecules. These investigations involve the absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical methods for the detection of Sn4+ and Cr2O72- ions in pure water. The mechanism for NDA-mediated Sn4+ detection was experimentally determined by FT-IR, NMR titrations, mass (ESI) analyses, and DFT calculations. The obtained results indicate that the NDA chemosensor possessed excellent performance characteristics including good water solubility and compatibility, quick response time (less than 10 s), high sensitivity (Sn4+ = 0.268 μM and Cr2O72- = 0.160 μM), and selectivity against coexisting metals, anions, amino acids, and peptides. The chemosensor NDA induced negligible toxicity in live cells and was successfully utilized as a biomarker for the tracking of Sn4+ in human normal and cancer cells. More importantly, NDA demonstrates distinguished recognition of Sn4+ in human cancer cells rather than in normal live cells. Additionally, NDA was shown to act as a mitochondria-targeted probe in FaDu cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Ravichandiran
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - D S Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nikhil Maroli
- Center for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Kwan Han
- Department of Microbiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samuel Ponpandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Chen WC, Chang YC. Rational design of organic semiconductors with low internal reorganization energies for hole and electron transport: position effect of aza-substitution in phenalenyl derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18163-18172. [PMID: 34612279 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Amphoteric-redox phenalenyl radical (PLY) is a suitable candidate used to design ambipolar organic materials. Because the singly occupied nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO) of PLY has a perfect local nonbonding character, its internal reorganization energy (λ) for transporting holes (λ+) or electrons (λ-) is known to be small. Herein, PLY is employed to study the position effect of the aza group on the λ. By adding or extracting an electron from the NBMO, the bond length alterations can be minute. Therefore, the PLY derivatives are also an excellent candidate to study the contributions from the bond angle alterations to the λ. Substituting the aza groups at the β- or α-positions of PLY shows two different trends. When consecutively substituting the aza group at the three β-positions of PLY, the λs are consistently decreased. Contrarily, a series of double functionalization of aza groups at the four α-positions of PLY, the λs are increased. It is because the local bonding or antibonding character in frontier orbitals (FMO) is observed in α2N-PLY and α4N-PLY. As the FMOs of the three β-substituted PLYs and α6N-PLY have perfect local nonbonding character, we found the bond angle alterations are the main contributors of λ. The λs for most aza-PLYs were smaller than 100 meV. Thus, we propose a design rule for substituting aza groups on the parent molecules with strong local nonbonding character in their FMOs. Based on the adiabatic ionization potential and electron affinity, two π-extended PLY derivatives with small λ were recommended for fabricating air-stable ambipolar OFET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
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14
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Caballero R, Barrejón M, Cerdá J, Aragó J, Seetharaman S, de la Cruz P, Ortí E, D’Souza F, Langa F. Self-Assembly-Directed Organization of a Fullerene-Bisporphyrin into Supramolecular Giant Donut Structures for Excited-State Charge Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11199-11208. [PMID: 34260220 PMCID: PMC8397305 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functional materials composed of spontaneously self-assembled electron donor and acceptor entities capable of generating long-lived charge-separated states upon photoillumination are in great demand as they are key in building the next generation of light energy harvesting devices. However, creating such well-defined architectures is challenging due to the intricate molecular design, multistep synthesis, and issues associated in demonstrating long-lived electron transfer. In this study, we have accomplished these tasks and report the synthesis of a new fullerene-bis-Zn-porphyrin e-bisadduct by tether-directed functionalization of C60 via a multistep synthetic protocol. Supramolecular oligomers were subsequently formed involving the two porphyrin-bearing arms embracing a fullerene cage of the vicinal molecule as confirmed by MALDI-TOF spectrometry and variable temperature NMR. In addition, the initially formed worm-like oligomers are shown to evolve to generate donut-like aggregates by AFM monitoring that was also supported by theoretical calculations. The final supramolecular donuts revealed an inner cavity size estimated as 23 nm, close to that observed in photosynthetic antenna systems. Upon systematic spectral, computational, and electrochemical studies, an energy level diagram was established to visualize the thermodynamic feasibility of electron transfer in these donor-acceptor constructs. Subsequently, transient pump-probe spectral studies covering the wide femtosecond-to-millisecond time scale were performed to confirm the formation of long-lived charge-separated states. The lifetime of the final charge-separated state was about 40 μs, thus highlighting the significance of the current approach of building giant self-organized donor-acceptor assemblies for light energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Caballero
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Myriam Barrejón
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Neural
Repair and Biomaterials Laboratory, Hospital
Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jesús Cerdá
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46950 Paterna, Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46950 Paterna, Spain
| | - Sairaman Seetharaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46950 Paterna, Spain
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Fernando Langa
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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15
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Sakai KI, Miyamoto N, Ogawa M, Kawano K, Akutagawa T. Photoinduced Generation of the π-Conjugated Zwitterionic State in the ESIPT Fluorophore of 2,4-Bisimidazolylphenol. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4784-4792. [PMID: 34060839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that 2,4-bis(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (2,4-bImP) undergoes photoinduced conversion into the so-called "π-conjugated zwitterion" after causing an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction. The powder sample of 2,4-bImP exhibits largely Stokes-shifted fluorescence characteristics to ESIPT fluorophores. On the other hand, its originally colorless solutions become colored when exposed to UV light for several minutes, whose color depends on the type of solvent. In particular, the CHCl3 solution rapidly turns dark green with the absorption maximum around 700 nm, and the colored solution is nearly restored to original by alternating addition of acid and base. To explain such drastic and reversible color changes, we hypothesized that the occurrence of ESIPT (i.e., deprotonation of the phenol and protonation of the imidazolyl group at its 2-position) triggered the charge-separated structure between the negatively charged phenolate and the positively charged imidazoliumyl group at its 4-position, which allowed resonance with the neutral p-quinoid structure. The formation of this π-conjugated zwitterion was strongly supported by the results of 1H and 15N NMR and Raman measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Sakai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Mayu Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kawano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Polymer Hybrid Materials Research Center, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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16
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Subedi DR, Jang Y, Ganesan A, Schoellhorn S, Reid R, Verbeck GF, D’Souza F. Donor-acceptor conjugates derived from cobalt porphyrin and fullerene via metal-ligand axial coordination: Formation and excited state charge separation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two types of cobalt porphyrins, viz., meso-tetrakis(tolylporphyrinato)cobalt(II), (TTP)Co (1), and meso-tetrakis(triphenylamino porphyrinato)cobalt(II), [(TPA)4P]Co, (2) were self-assembled via metal-ligand axial coordination of phenyl imidazole functionalized fulleropyrrolidine, ImC[Formula: see text] to form a new series of donor–acceptor constructs. A 1:2 complex formation with ImC[Formula: see text] was established in the case of (TTP)Co while for [(TPA)4P]Co only a 1:1 complex was possible to positively identify. The binding constants [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for step-wise addition of ImC[Formula: see text] to (TTP)Co were found to be 1.07 × 105 and 3.20 × 104 M[Formula: see text], respectively. For [(TPA)4P]Co:ImC[Formula: see text], the measured [Formula: see text] values was found to be 6.48 × 104 M[Formula: see text], slightly smaller than that observed for (TTP)Co. Although both cobalt porphyrins were non-fluorescent, they were able to quench the fluorescence of ImC[Formula: see text] indicating occurrence of excited state events in the supramolecular donor-acceptor complexes. Electrochemistry coupled with spectroelectrochemistry, revealed the formation of cobalt(III) porphyrin cation instead of a cobalt(II) porphyrin radical cation, as the main product, during oxidation of phenyl imidazole coordinated cobalt porphyrin. With the help of computational and electrochemical results, an energy level diagram was constructed to witness excited state photo-events. Competitive energy and electron transfer from excited CoP to coordinated ImC[Formula: see text], and electron transfer from Im1C[Formula: see text]* to cobalt(II) porphyrin resulting into the formation of PCo[Formula: see text]:ImC[Formula: see text] charge separated state was possible to envision from the energy diagram. Finally, using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and data analysis by Glotaran, it was possible to establish sequential occurrence of energy transfer and charge separation processes. The lifetime of the final charge separated state was [Formula: see text] 2 ns. A slightly better charge stabilization was observed in the case of [(TPA)4P]Co:ImC[Formula: see text] due to the presence of electron rich, peripheral triphenylamine substituents on the cobalt porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dili R. Subedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Ashwin Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Sydney Schoellhorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Ryan Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Guido F. Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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17
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Zarrabi N, Poddutoori PK. Aluminum(III) porphyrin: A unique building block for artificial photosynthetic systems. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Sharma N, Zou HB, Lee YM, Fukuzumi S, Nam W. A Mononuclear Non-Heme Manganese(III)-Aqua Complex in Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactions via Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1521-1528. [PMID: 33439643 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal-oxygen complexes, such as metal-oxo [M(O2-)], -hydroxo [M(OH-)], -peroxo [M(O22-)], -hydroperoxo [M(OOH-)], and -superoxo [M(O2•-)] species, are capable of conducting oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions with organic substrates, such as thioanisole (PhSMe) and triphenylphosphine (Ph3P). However, OAT of metal-aqua complexes, [M(OH2)]n+, has yet to be reported. We report herein OAT of a mononuclear non-heme Mn(III)-aqua complex, [(dpaq)MnIII(OH2)]2+ (1, dpaq = 2-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)]amino-N-quinolin-8-yl-acetamidate), to PhSMe and Ph3P derivatives for the first time; it is noted that no OAT occurs from the corresponding Mn(III)-hydroxo complex, [(dpaq)MnIII(OH)]+ (2), to the substrates. Mechanistic studies reveal that OAT reaction of 1 occurs via electron transfer from 4-methoxythioanisole to 1 to produce the 4-methoxythioanisole radical cation and [(dpaq)MnII(OH2)]+, followed by nucleophilic attack of H2O in [(dpaq)MnII(OH2)]+ to the 4-methoxythioanisole radical cation to produce an OH adduct radical, 2,4-(MeO)2C6H3S•(OH)Me, which disproportionates or undergoes electron transfer to 1 to yield methyl 4-methoxyphenyl sulfoxide. Formation of the thioanisole radical cation derivatives is detected by the stopped-flow transient absorption measurements in OAT from 1 to 2,4-dimethoxythioanisole and 3,4-dimethoxythioanisole, being compared with that in the photoinduced electron transfer oxidation of PhSMe derivatives, which are detected by laser-induced transient absorption measurements. Similarly, OAT from 1 to Ph3P occurs via electron transfer from Ph3P to 1, and the proton effect on the reaction rate has been discussed. The rate constants of electron transfer from electron donors, including PhSMe and Ph3P derivatives, to 1 are fitted well by the electron transfer driving force dependence of the rate constants predicted by the Marcus theory of outer-sphere electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Huai-Bo Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Applied Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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19
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Zanetti‐Polzi L, Djemili R, Durot S, Heitz V, Daidone I, Ventura B. Allosteric Control of Naphthalene Diimide Encapsulation and Electron Transfer in Porphyrin Containers: Photophysical Studies and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Chemistry 2020; 26:17514-17524. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Djemili
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Stéphanie Durot
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Isabella Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of L'Aquila via Vetoio (Coppito 1) 67010 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
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20
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Benitz A, Thomas MB, Silva I, Nesterov VN, Verbeck GF, D'Souza F. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Axially Coordinated Supramolecular Zinc Tetrapyrrole Bis(styryl)BODIPY Donor‐Acceptor Conjugates. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Benitz
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
| | - Michael B. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
| | - Imesha Silva
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
| | - Vladimir N. Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
| | - Guido F. Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203–5017 USA
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21
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Berna BB, Platzer B, Wolf M, Lavarda G, Nardis S, Galloni P, Torres T, Guldi DM, Paolesse R. Panchromatic Light Harvesting and Stabilizing Charge-Separated States in Corrole-Phthalocyanine Conjugates through Coordinating a Subphthalocyanine. Chemistry 2020; 26:13451-13461. [PMID: 32293078 PMCID: PMC7693288 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the electron-donating and -accepting nature of corroles (Corr) and phthalocyanines (Pc), respectively, we designed and developed two novel covalently linked Corr-Pc conjugates. The synthetic route allows the preparation of the target conjugates in satisfying yields. Comprehensive steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical assays enabled insights into energy and electron-transfer processes upon photoexcitation. Coordinating a pyridine-appended subphthalocyanine (SubPc) to the Pc of the conjugate sets up the ways and means to realize the first example of an array composed by three different porphyrinoids, which drives a cascade of energy and charge-transfer processes. Importantly, the SubPc assists in stabilizing the charge-separated state, that is, one-electron oxidized Corr and the one electron-reduced Pc, upon photoexcitation by means of a reductive charge transfer to the SubPc. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of an intramolecular oxidation of a Corr within electron-donor-acceptor conjugates by means of just photoexcitation. Moreover, the combination of Corr, Pc, and SubPc guarantees panchromatic absorption across the visible range of the solar spectrum, with the SubPc covering the "green gap" that usually affects porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Berionni Berna
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia della Ricerca Scientifica00133RomeItaly
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de CantoblancoC/ Francisco TomásyValiente 728049MadridSpain
- IMDEA—NanocienciaC/Faraday, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Benedikt Platzer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Maximiliam Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de CantoblancoC/ Francisco TomásyValiente 728049MadridSpain
- IMDEA—NanocienciaC/Faraday, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Sara Nardis
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia della Ricerca Scientifica00133RomeItaly
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia della Ricerca Scientifica00133RomeItaly
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de CantoblancoC/ Francisco TomásyValiente 728049MadridSpain
- IMDEA—NanocienciaC/Faraday, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia della Ricerca Scientifica00133RomeItaly
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22
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Hong YH, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Plastoquinol Analogues as a Potential Functional Model of Photosystem I. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14838-14846. [PMID: 33023288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of a functional model of photosystem II (PSII) has paved a new way to connect the PSII model with a functional model of photosystem I (PSI). However, PSI functional models have yet to be reported. We report herein the first potential functional model of PSI, in which plastoquinol (PQH2) analogues were oxidized to plastoquinone (PQ) analogues, accompanied by hydrogen (H2) evolution. Photoirradiation of a deaerated acetonitrile (MeCN) solution containing hydroquinone derivatives (X-QH2) as a hydrogen source, 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr+-Mes) as a photoredox catalyst, and a cobalt(III) complex, CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl (dmgH = dimethylglyoximate monoanion; py = pyridine) as a redox catalyst resulted in the evolution of H2 and formation of the corresponding p-benzoquinone derivatives (X-Q) quantitatively. The maximum quantum yield for photocatalytic H2 evolution from tetrachlorohydroquinone (Cl4QH2) with Acr+-Mes and CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl and H2O in deaerated MeCN was determined to be 10%. Photocatalytic H2 evolution is started by electron transfer (ET) from Cl4QH2 to the triplet ET state of Acr+-Mes to produce Cl4QH2•+ and Acr•-Mes with a rate constant of 7.2 × 107 M-1 s-1, followed by ET from Acr•-Mes to CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl to produce [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]-, accompanied by the regeneration of Acr+-Mes. On the other hand, Cl4QH2•+ is deprotonated to produce Cl4QH•, which transfers either a hydrogen-atom transfer or a proton-coupled electron transfer to [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]- to produce a cobalt(III) hydride complex, [CoIII(H)(dmgH)2pyCl]-, which reacts with H+ to evolve H2, accompanied by the regeneration of CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl. The formation of [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]- was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
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23
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Tran TT, Rabah J, Ha-Thi MH, Allard E, Nizinski S, Burdzinski G, Aloïse S, Fensterbank H, Baczko K, Nasrallah H, Vallée A, Clavier G, Miomandre F, Pino T, Méallet-Renault R. Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Energy Transfer Processes in a Flexible BODIPY-C 60 Dyad. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9396-9410. [PMID: 32897728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new donor-acceptor dyad composed of a BODIPY (4,4'-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) donor and a fullerene C60 acceptor has been synthesized and characterized. This derivative has been prepared using a clickable fullerene building block that bears an alkyne moiety and a maleimide unit. The post-functionalization of the maleimide group by a BODIPY thiol leads to a BODIPY-C60 dyad, leaving the alkyne moiety for further functional arrangement. On the basis of the combination of semi-empirical and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, spectroelectrochemical experiments, and steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies, the photophysical properties of this new BODIPY-C60 dyad were thoroughly studied. By using semi-empirical calculations, the equilibrium of three conformations of the BODIPY-C60 dyad has been deduced, and their molecular orbital structures have been analyzed using DFT calculations. Two short fluorescence lifetimes were attributed to two extended conformers displaying variable donor-acceptor distances (17.5 and 20.0 Å). Additionally, the driving force for photoinduced electron transfer from the singlet excited state of BODIPY to the C60 moiety was calculated using redox potentials determined with electrochemical studies. Spectroelectrochemical measurements were also carried out to investigate the absorption profiles of radicals in the BODIPY-C60 dyad in order to assign the transient species in pump-probe experiments. Under selective photoexcitation of the BODIPY moiety, occurrences of both energy and electron transfers were demonstrated for the dyad by femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies. Photoinduced electron transfer occurs in the folded conformer, while energy transfer is observed in extended conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Trang Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France.,Faculty of Physics and Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Science, Thai Nguyen 24000, Vietnam
| | - Jad Rabah
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Minh-Huong Ha-Thi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Allard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Stanislaw Nizinski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Fac Phys, Quantum Elect Lab, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Gotard Burdzinski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Fac Phys, Quantum Elect Lab, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Stéphane Aloïse
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, UMR-CNRS 8516, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hélène Fensterbank
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Krystyna Baczko
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Houssein Nasrallah
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Anne Vallée
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Gilles Clavier
- PPSM, UMR-CNRS 8531, ENS Paris Saclay, 61 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Fabien Miomandre
- PPSM, UMR-CNRS 8531, ENS Paris Saclay, 61 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Thomas Pino
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Rachel Méallet-Renault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
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24
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Janiga E, Kim G, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kim D, Stępień M. Porphyrin-Ryleneimide Hybrids: Low-Bandgap Acceptors in Energy-Transfer Cassettes. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2854-2858. [PMID: 32667127 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Energy-transfer cassettes consisting of naphthaleneimide-fused metalloporphyrin acceptors (M=Zn and Pd) and BODIPY donors have been designed and synthesized. These systems have rigid pseudo-tetrahedral structures with a donor-acceptor separation of ca. 17.5 Å. Spectroscopic investigations, including femtosecond transient absorption measurements, showed efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) occurring according to the Förster mechanism. Strong fluorescence of the donor units and significant spectral overlap of the donor and acceptor subunits are prerequisites for the efficient EET in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Janiga
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gakhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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25
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Sahoo S, Sangeetha M, Bera S, Usharani D, Rath H. Targeted synthesis of meso-aryl substituted aromatic trans-doubly N-confused dithia/diselena [18] porphyrins (1.1.1.1) with NIR absorption: spectroscopic and theoretical characterization. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6058-6062. [PMID: 32716019 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High yield synthesis and spectroscopic isolation of two hitherto unknown highly stable single conformers of meso-aryl substituted dithia/diselena trans-doubly N-confused porphyrins with fully π-conjugated [18] annulene structures are reported. In-depth solution state spectroscopic measurements and DFT level theoretical calculations strongly show the distinct aromaticity with strong NIR absorption of these new macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Mohandas Sangeetha
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 700020, Karnataka, India.
| | - Soumita Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 700020, Karnataka, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
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26
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Zhan X, Kolanu S, Fite S, Chen QC, Lee W, Churchill DG, Gross Z. Clean Ar-Me conversion to Ar-aldehyde with the aid of carefully designed metallocorrole photocatalysts. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:996-1000. [PMID: 32662800 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Toluene, p-xylene and mesitylene were cleanly converted to their corresponding monoaldehydes via mild photooxygenation utilizing transition metal and main group β-CF3-substituted corroles. Aldehyde yield increased as more electron-donating CH3 groups are present on the substrate. 4-P was most efficient (TON ∼ 1072, mesitylene) via the singlet oxygen vis the superoxide mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhan
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sudhakar Kolanu
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shachar Fite
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Qiu-Cheng Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Woohyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - David G Churchill
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel. .,Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea. .,Centerfor Catalytic Hydrocarhon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea. .,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST) (Therapeutic Bioengineering Section), 291 Daehak-ro, 34141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
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Chahal MK, Gobeze HB, Webre WA, Karr PA, Payne DT, Ariga K, D'Souza F, Hill JP. Electron and energy transfer in a porphyrin-oxoporphyrinogen-fullerene triad, ZnP-OxP-C 60. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14356-14363. [PMID: 32568321 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02696d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A multichromophoric triad, ZnP-OxP-C60 containing porphyrin (ZnTPP hereafter ZnP), oxoporphyrinogen (OxP) and fullerene (C60) has been synthesized to probe the intramolecular dynamics of its electron and energy transfer in relation to the presence of the closely linked electron deficient OxP-C60 'special pair', constructed as a mimic of the naturally occurring photosynthetic antenna-reaction center. The DFT optimized structure of the triad reveals the relative spatial remoteness of the ZnP entity with proximal OxP/C60 entities. Free-energetics of different energy and electron transfer events were estimated using spectral, computational and electrochemical studies, according to the Rehm-Weller approach. Femtosecond transient absorption spectral studies revealed energy transfer from 1ZnP* to OxP to yield ZnP-1OxP*-C60, and electron transfer to yield ZnP˙+-OxP-C60˙- and/or ZnP-OxP˙+-C60˙- charge seperated states. That is, the ZnP entity in the triad operates as both antenna and electron donor to generate relatively long-lived charge separated states thus mimicking the early photoevents of natural photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep K Chahal
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Habtom B Gobeze
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
| | - Whitney A Webre
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
| | - Paul A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska 68787, USA
| | - Daniel T Payne
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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Makhseed S, Ghazal B, Durmuş M. Purple subphthalocyanine‐phthalocyanine dyad: Synthesis, photophysicochemical properties and DFT study. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Makhseed
- Department of ChemistryKuwait University Safat Kuwait
| | - Basma Ghazal
- Department of ChemistryKuwait University Safat Kuwait
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of ChemistryGebze Technical University Gebze‐Kocaeli Turkey
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Zarrabi N, Seetharaman S, Chaudhuri S, Holzer N, Batista VS, van der Est A, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Decelerating Charge Recombination Using Fluorinated Porphyrins in N,N-Bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)aniline-Aluminum(III) Porphyrin-Fullerene Reaction Center Models. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10008-10024. [PMID: 32343561 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In supramolecular reaction center models, the lifetime of the charge-separated state depends on many factors. However, little attention has been paid to the redox potential of the species that lie between the donor and acceptor in the final charge separated state. Here, we report on a series of self-assembled aluminum porphyrin-based triads that provide a unique opportunity to study the influence of the porphyrin redox potential independently of other factors. The triads, BTMPA-Im→AlPorFn-Ph-C60 (n = 0, 3, 5), were constructed by linking the fullerene (C60) and bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)aniline (BTMPA) to the aluminum(III) porphyrin. The porphyrin (AlPor, AlPorF3, or AlPorF5) redox potentials are tuned by the substitution of phenyl (Ph), 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl (PhF3), or 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl (PhF5) groups in its meso positions. The C60 and BTMPA units are bound axially to opposite faces of the porphyrin plane via covalent and coordination bonds, respectively. Excitation of all of the triads results in sequential electron transfer that generates the identical final charge separated state, BTMPA•+-Im→AlPorFn-Ph-C60•-, which lies energetically 1.50 eV above the ground state. Despite the fact that the radical pair is identical in all of the triads, remarkably, the lifetime of the BTMPA•+-Im→AlPorFn-Ph-C60•- radical pair was found to be very different in each of them, that is, 1240, 740, and 56 ns for BTMPA-Im→AlPorF5-Ph-C60, BTMPA-Im→AlPorF3-Ph-C60, and BTMPA-Im→AlPor-Ph-C60, respectively. These results clearly suggest that the charge recombination is an activated process that depends on the midpoint potential of the central aluminum(III) porphyrin (AlPorFn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Sairaman Seetharaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Subhajyoti Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Noah Holzer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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30
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Poddar M, Jang Y, Misra R, D'Souza F. Excited‐State Electron Transfer in 1,1,4,4‐Tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐diene (TCBD)‐ and Cyclohexa‐2,5‐diene‐1,4‐diylidene‐Expanded TCBD‐Substituted BODIPY‐Phenothiazine Donor–Acceptor Conjugates. Chemistry 2020; 26:6869-6878. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Poddar
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
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31
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Arellano LM, Gobeze HB, Gómez-Escalonilla MJ, Fierro JLG, D'Souza F, Langa F. Triplet photosensitizer-nanotube conjugates: synthesis, characterization and photochemistry of charge stabilizing, palladium porphyrin/carbon nanotube conjugates. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9890-9898. [PMID: 32347282 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a triplet photosensitizer to generate long-lived charge separated states, in contrast to traditionally used singlet photosensitizers, in covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube hybrids has been investigated. Enriched single-walled carbon nanotubes with two diameters, namely (6,5) and (7,6), were covalently modified to carry a charge-stabilizing triplet photosensitizer derived from a palladium porphyrin. The nanohybrids were fully characterized and the presence of intramolecular interactions between the porphyrin and nanotubes was established from various spectroscopic, imaging, electrochemical and thermochemical studies. Photoluminescence of palladium porphyrin was found to be quantitatively quenched in the presence of covalently appended SWCNTs and this quenching is due to excited state charge separation and has been established by femtosecond transient absorption studies. Owing to the presence of the triplet photosensitizer, the charge separated states lasted over 3 ns, i.e., much longer than those reported earlier for singlet photosensitizer-derived nanotube hybrids. The nanohybrids also exhibited efficient photocatalytic behavior in experiments involving electron pooling of one-electron reduced methyl viologen in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor. Higher yields of photoproducts were achieved from the present donor-acceptor nanohybrids when compared with those of singlet photosensitizer-derived nanohybrids, more so for (6,5) nanotube derived hybrids compared to (7,6) nanotube derived hybrids. The present findings highlight the importance of triplet photosensitizer derived nanohybrids in artificial photosynthesis of charge separation and photocatalytic applicatons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Arellano
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), 45071-Toledo, Spain.
| | - Habtom B Gobeze
- Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 76203-5017 Denton, TX, USA. Francis.D'
| | - María J Gómez-Escalonilla
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), 45071-Toledo, Spain.
| | - José Luis G Fierro
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 76203-5017 Denton, TX, USA. Francis.D'
| | - Fernando Langa
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), 45071-Toledo, Spain.
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32
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Subedi DR, Gobeze HB, Kandrashkin YE, Poddutoori PK, van der Est A, D'Souza F. Exclusive triplet electron transfer leading to long-lived radical ion-pair formation in an electron rich platinum porphyrin covalently linked to fullerene dyad. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6058-6061. [PMID: 32347866 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a high-energy, long-lived radical ion-pair by electron transfer exclusively from the triplet excited state, is demonstrated in a newly synthesized platinum porphyrin-fullerene dyad, in which the porphyrin ring is modified with three electron rich triphenylamine entities. The spin selectivity of the electron transfer leading to the formation of the radical ion-pair is demonstrated using time-resolved optical and EPR spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dili R Subedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
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Chahal MK, Liyanage A, Gobeze HB, Payne DT, Ariga K, Hill JP, D'Souza F. Supramolecular ultrafast energy and electron transfer in a directly linked BODIPY-oxoporphyrinogen dyad upon fluoride ion binding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3855-3858. [PMID: 32134092 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A directly linked BODIPY-oxoporphyrinogen dyad has been newly synthesized and occurrence of sequential photoinduced energy and electron transfer upon fluoride anion binding to oxoporphyrinogen has been demonstrated by spectral, electrochemical and femtosecond transient absorption studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep K Chahal
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
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Martín‐Gomis L, Díaz‐Puertas R, Seetharaman S, Karr PA, Fernández‐Lázaro F, D'Souza F, Sastre‐Santos Á. Distance Matters: Effect of the Spacer Length on the Photophysical Properties of Multimodular Perylenediimide–Silicon Phthalocyanine–Fullerene Triads. Chemistry 2020; 26:4822-4832. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martín‐Gomis
- División de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche Spain
| | - Rocío Díaz‐Puertas
- División de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche Spain
| | - Sairaman Seetharaman
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas at Denton 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Paul A. Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics Wayne State College 1111 Main Street Wayne Nebraska 68787 USA
| | - Fernando Fernández‐Lázaro
- División de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche Spain
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas at Denton 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Ángela Sastre‐Santos
- División de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche Spain
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36
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Feng W, Wang T, Testoff TT, Bridgmohan CN, Zhao C, Sun H, Hu W, Li W, Liu D, Wang L, Zhou X. Exploiting singlet excited state conformation for rational design of highly efficient photoinduced electron transfer molecules. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:118016. [PMID: 31923789 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.118016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the pivotal role of excited state electronic structures as regulation of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process, the effect of excited state conformation on PET remains elusive. Here we exploit distinguishable emission characters of trans and cis singlet excited states of donor-acceptor-donor ensemble MTPAAZO to reveal that its PET efficiency and rate are closely depended on its singlet excited state conformation. The PET process occurs solely in cis conformation of MTPAAZO singlet excited states. Novel molecule (MTPA)2Ab as-designed with similar structure of MTPAAZO cis singlet excited states shows high PET efficacy and rate, leading to long-lived CS states. Our findings enable the rational design of the novel molecules with highly efficient PET process suitable for charge separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Thomas T Testoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Chelsea N Bridgmohan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Chuanwu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Haiya Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Dongzhi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Lichang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States.
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
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Abstract
Metalloporphyrinoids are utilized as efficient sensitizers and catalysts in photosynthesis and the reverse reaction that is respiration. Because metalloporphyrinoids show strong absorption in the visible region and redox active, metalloporphyrinoids are also suited as photoredox catalysts for photo-driven redox reactions using solar energy. In particular, metalloporphyrins are utilized as pivotal components to mimic the structure and function of the photosynthetic reaction center. Metalloporphyrins are used as photoredox catalysts for hydrogen evolution from electron and proton sources combining hydrogen evolution catalysts. Metalloporphyrins also act as thermal redox catalysts for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with photoredox catalysts. Metalloporphyrins are also used as dual catalysts for a photoredox catalyst for oxygenation of substrates with H2O and a redox catalyst for O2 reduction when dioxygen is used as a two-electron oxidant and H2O as an oxygen source, both of which are the greenest reactants. Free base porphyrins can also be employed as promising photoredox catalysts for C–C bond formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Shiga T, Kumamaru R, Newton GN, Oshio H. Heteroleptic iron( ii) complexes with naphthoquinone-type ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1485-1491. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03946e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic mononuclear iron(ii) complexes with naphthoquinone-type ligands were synthesized, and their structures, magnetic behavior and spin states were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shiga
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Rina Kumamaru
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Graham N. Newton
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2GA
- UK
| | - Hiroki Oshio
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
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39
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Patel A, Patel G, Banerjee S. Visible Light-Emitting Diode Light-Driven Cu 0.9Fe 0.1@RCAC-Catalyzed Highly Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols and Oxidative Azo-Coupling of Anilines: Tandem One Pot Oxidation-Condensation to Imidazoles and Imines. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22445-22455. [PMID: 31909327 PMCID: PMC6941188 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have demonstrated visible light-emitting diode light-driven selective and efficient aerobic oxidation of primary/secondary alcohols to aldehydes/ketones and oxidative azo-coupling of anilines using biomass rice husk-derived chemically activated carbon sheet-supported copper-iron bimetallic hybrid nanomaterials (Cu x Fe1-x @RCAC) under oxidant and additive-free conditions. The catalytic activity of the Cu x Fe1-x @RCAC materials has been investigated for the oxidation of alcohols and anilines, and Cu0.9Fe0.1@RCAC was established as the best catalyst. Moreover, a tandem one-pot protocol has been developed for the sequential oxidation of alcohols followed by condensation to functionalized imidazole and imine derivatives in high isolated yields. The hybrid materials were highly robust and stable under the reaction conditions and were recovered simply by filtration and recycled up to 12th run without considerable loss in catalytic activity.
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41
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Pu YJ, Koyama Y, Otsuki D, Kim M, Chubachi H, Seino Y, Enomoto K, Aizawa N. Exciplex emissions derived from exceptionally long-distance donor and acceptor molecules. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9203-9208. [PMID: 32015800 PMCID: PMC6968732 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04262h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report exceptionally long-distance coupled exciplex emissions between electron-donor and electron-acceptor molecules even with a 70 nm-thick spacer layer.
Intermolecular electron–hole coupling in organic semiconductor excited states plays important roles in organic light-emitting diodes and organic photovoltaics, and the distance of the coupling is typically only on the order of a few nanometers. Here, we report exceptionally long-distance coupled exciplex emissions between electron-donor and electron-acceptor molecules even with a 70 nm-thick spacer layer. Donor/spacer (∼70 nm)/acceptor-type stacked films showed a low-energy band emission, which is not ascribed to the emission of the donor, spacer, and acceptor themselves, but well corresponds to the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital of the donor and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the acceptor. Delayed transient photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) decays and PL quenching by oxygen at the low-energy band were observed and are consistent with the characteristics of the exciplex species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan . .,Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Yuki Koyama
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan . .,Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Daisuke Otsuki
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Minjun Kim
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan .
| | - Hiroya Chubachi
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Yuki Seino
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan .
| | - Kazushi Enomoto
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan .
| | - Naoya Aizawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan . .,JST-PRESTO , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
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Porphyrinoid–Fullerene Hybrids as Candidates in Artificial Photosynthetic Schemes. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural photosynthesis inspired the scientific community to design and synthesize molecular assemblies that possess advanced light-harvesting and electron-transfer features. In this review, we present the preparation and the photophysical investigation of novel porphyrin–fullerene hybrids acting as artificial photosynthetic systems. Porphyrinoids stand as chlorophyll analogues and have emerged as suitable photosensitizers in supramolecular electron donor–acceptor hybrids. Fullerenes (C60) are versatile electron acceptors with small reorganization energy and low reduction potentials. The novel derivatives presented herein mimic the fundamental features of the photosynthetic reaction center, namely, light harvesting, charge separation, and charge transport. To this end, a comprehensive analysis on these key processes that occur in various porphyrin–fullerene entities is illustrated in this work.
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Gini A, Rigotti T, Pérez‐Ruiz R, Uygur M, Mas‐Ballesté R, Corral I, Martínez‐Fernández L, de la Peña O'Shea VA, García Mancheño O, Alemán J. Mesityl or Imide Acridinium Photocatalysts: Accessible Versus Inaccessible Charge‐Transfer States in Photoredox Catalysis. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gini
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez‐Ruiz
- Photoactivated Process UnitIMDEA Energy Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3 28935 Madrid Spain
| | - Mustafa Uygur
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of Mϋnster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Rubén Mas‐Ballesté
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Módulo 7Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- Chemistry Department, Módulo 13Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Lara Martínez‐Fernández
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of Mϋnster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
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44
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Fukuzumi S, Lee YM, Nam W. Kinetics and mechanisms of catalytic water oxidation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:779-798. [PMID: 30560964 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanisms of thermal and photochemical oxidation of water with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, including conversion from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysts in the course of water oxidation, are discussed in this review article. Molecular and homogeneous catalysts have the advantage to clarify the catalytic mechanisms by detecting active intermediates in catalytic water oxidation. On the other hand, heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts have advantages for practical applications due to high catalytic activity, robustness and easier separation of catalysts by filtration as compared with molecular homogeneous precursors. Ligand oxidation of homogeneous catalysts sometimes results in the dissociation of ligands to form nanoparticles, which act as much more efficient catalysts for water oxidation. Since it is quite difficult to identify active intermediates on the heterogeneous catalyst surface, the mechanism of water oxidation has hardly been clarified under heterogeneous catalytic conditions. This review focuses on the kinetics and mechanisms of catalytic water oxidation with homogeneous catalysts, which may be converted to heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts depending on various reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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45
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Sun H, Li P, Liu D, Wang T, Li W, Hu W, Wang L, Zhou X. Tuning photophysical properties via alkoxyl groups in charge-separated triphenylamine sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Halder N, Sangeetha M, Usharani D, Rath H. meso-Aryl substituted stable unorthodox 5,10-porphodimethenes with α,β and β,β-N-methyl pyrrole connectivities: synthesis and spectroscopic, solid state and theoretical characterization. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6131-6135. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
meso-Aryl substituted highly stable single conformers of doubly mutant porphodimethenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Mohandas Sangeetha
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysuru 700020
- India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysuru 700020
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR)
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
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47
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Vidya V, Tripathi A, Prabhakar C. Linear, non-linear optical properties and reorganization energies of D- π-A star-shaped triazine derivatives: A DFT study. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Fazio E, Winterfeld KA, López-Pérez A, Torres T, Guldi DM, de la Torre G. Synergy of light harvesting and energy transfer as well as short-range charge shift reactions in multicomponent conjugates. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22400-22408. [PMID: 30475370 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report herein on the design, the synthesis, and the characterization of a panchromatic, charge stabilizing electron donor-acceptor conjugate: (BBPA)3-ZnPor-ZnPc-SubPc 1. Each component, that is, bis(biphenyl)phenylamine (BBPA), Zn(ii) porphyrin (ZnPor), Zn(ii) phthalocyanine ZnPc, and subphthalocyanine (SubPc), has been carefully chosen and modified to enable a cascade of energy and charge transfer processes. On one hand, ZnPor, has been functionalized with three electron-donating BBPA as primary and secondary electron donors and to stabilize the final charge-separated state, and, on the other hand, a perfluorinated SubPc has been selected as ultimate electron acceptor. In addition, the ZnPc unit contains several trifluoromethylphenyl moieties to match its energy levels to those of the other components. In fact, irradiation of the heteroarray 1 triggers a cascade of light harvesting across the entire visible range, unidirectional energy transfer, exergonic charge separating, and short-range charge shifting to afford in 14% quantum yield a (BBPA)3˙+-ZnPor-ZnPc-SubPc˙- charge-separated state. The lifetime of the latter reaches well into the range of tens of nanoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Fazio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
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Zarrabi N, Obondi CO, Lim GN, Seetharaman S, Boe BG, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Charge-separation in panchromatic, vertically positioned bis(donor styryl)BODIPY-aluminum(iii) porphyrin-fullerene supramolecular triads. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:20723-20739. [PMID: 30398274 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three, broad band capturing, vertically aligned supramolecular triads, R2-BDP-AlPorF3←Im-C60 [R = H, styryl (C2H2-Ph), C2H2-TPA (TPA = triphenylamine); ← = coordinate bond], have been constructed using BODIPY derivative (BDP, BDP-Ph2 or BDP-TPA2), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)aluminum(iii) porphyrin (AlPorF3) and fullerene (C60) entities. The C60 and BDP units are bound to the Al center on the opposite faces of the porphyrin: the BDP derivative through a covalent axial bond using a benzoate spacer and the C60 through a coordination bond via an appended imidazole. Owing to the bis-styryl functionality on BDP, the constructed dyads and triads exhibited panchromatic light capture. Due to the diverse absorption and redox properties of the selected entities, it was possible to demonstrate excitation wavelength dependent photochemical events. In the case of the BDP-AlPorF3 dyad, selective excitation of BDP resulted in singlet-singlet energy transfer to AlPorF3 (kEnT = 1.0 × 1010 s-1). On the other hand, excitation of the AlPorF3 entity in the BDP-AlPorF3←Im-C60 triad revealed charge separation leading to the BDP-(AlPorF3)˙+-(C60)˙- charge separated state (kCS = 2.43 × 109 s-1). In the case of the Ph2-BDP-AlPorF3 dyad, energy transfer from 1AlPorF3* to 1(Ph2-BDP)* was witnessed (kEnT = 1.0 × 1010 s-1); however, upon assembling the supramolecular triad, (Ph2-BDP)-AlPorF3←Im-C60, electron transfer from 1AlPorF3* to C60 (kCS = 3.35 × 109 s-1), followed by hole shift (kHS = 1.00 × 109 s-1) to Ph2-BDP, was witnessed. Finally, in the case of the TPA2-BDP-AlPorF3←Im-C60 triad, only electron transfer leading to the (TPA2-BDP)˙+-AlPorF3←Im-(C60)˙- charge separated state, and no energy transfer, was observed. The facile oxidation of Ph2-BDP and TPA2-BDP compared to AlPorF3 in the latter two triads facilitated charge separation through either an electron migration or hole transfer mechanism depending on the initial excitation. The charge-separated states in these triads persisted for about 20 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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50
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Domcke W, Ehrmaier J, Sobolewski AL. Solar Energy Harvesting with Carbon Nitrides and N-Heterocyclic Frameworks: Do We Understand the Mechanism? CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Johannes Ehrmaier
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; 85747 Garching Germany
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