1
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Liu W, Zhai S, Zhang L, Chen Y, Liu Z, Ma W, Zhang T, Zhang W, Ma L, Zhang C, Zhang W. Expanding the Chemical Diversity of Grisechelins via Heterologous Expression. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:371-380. [PMID: 38301035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Thiazole scaffold-based small molecules exhibit a range of biological activities and play important roles in drug discovery. Based on bioinformatics analysis, a putative biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for thiazole-containing compounds was identified from Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 40020. Heterologous expression of this BGC led to the production of eight new thiazole-containing compounds, grisechelins E, F, and I-N (1, 2, 5-10), and two quinoline derivatives, grisechelins G and H (3 and 4). The structures of 1-10, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated by HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic data, ECD calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Grisechelin F (2) is a unique derivative, distinguished by the presence of a salicylic acid moiety. The biosynthetic pathway for 2 was proposed based on bioinformatics analysis and in vivo gene knockout experiments. Grisechelin E (1) displayed moderate antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (MIC of 8 μg mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanli Ma
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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2
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Di Meo F, Esposito R, Cuciniello R, Favale G, Arenga M, Ruocco N, Nuzzo G, Fontana A, Filosa S, Crispi S, Costantini M. Organic extract of Geodia cydonium induces cell cycle block in human mesothelioma cells. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:286. [PMID: 35814825 PMCID: PMC9260718 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Meo
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources‑UOS Naples, National Research Council, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Esposito
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Zoological Station Anton Dohrn, I‑80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Cuciniello
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources‑UOS Naples, National Research Council, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gregorio Favale
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources‑UOS Naples, National Research Council, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Arenga
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources‑UOS Naples, National Research Council, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Ruocco
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Zoological Station Anton Dohrn, I‑80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, I‑80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, I‑80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Filosa
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources‑UOS Naples, National Research Council, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Crispi
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources‑UOS Naples, National Research Council, I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Zoological Station Anton Dohrn, I‑80121 Naples, Italy
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3
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Luhavaya H, Sigrist R, Chekan JR, McKinnie SMK, Moore BS. Biosynthesis of l-4-Chlorokynurenine, an Antidepressant Prodrug and a Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acid Found in Lipopeptide Antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8394-8399. [PMID: 30963655 PMCID: PMC6555645 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
l-4-Chlorokynurenine (l-4-Cl-Kyn) is a neuropharmaceutical drug candidate that is in development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Recently, this amino acid was naturally found as a residue in the lipopeptide antibiotic taromycin. Herein, we report the unprecedented conversion of l-tryptophan into l-4-Cl-Kyn catalyzed by four enzymes in the taromycin biosynthetic pathway from the marine bacterium Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ-490. We used genetic, biochemical, structural, and analytical techniques to establish l-4-Cl-Kyn biosynthesis, which is initiated by the flavin-dependent tryptophan chlorinase Tar14 and its flavin reductase partner Tar15. This work revealed the first tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tar13) and kynurenine formamidase (Tar16) enzymes that are selective for chlorinated substrates. The substrate scope of Tar13, Tar14, and Tar16 was examined and revealed intriguing promiscuity, thereby opening doors for the targeted engineering of these enzymes as useful biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Luhavaya
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Renata Sigrist
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz s/n, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonathan R Chekan
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaun M K McKinnie
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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4
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Luhavaya H, Sigrist R, Chekan JR, McKinnie SMK, Moore BS. Biosynthesis of
l
‐4‐Chlorokynurenine, an Antidepressant Prodrug and a Non‐Proteinogenic Amino Acid Found in Lipopeptide Antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Luhavaya
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and BiomedicineScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Renata Sigrist
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and BiomedicineScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Campinas UNICAMPCidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz s/n P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Jonathan R. Chekan
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and BiomedicineScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Shaun M. K. McKinnie
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and BiomedicineScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and BiomedicineScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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5
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Mori S, Green KD, Choi R, Buchko GW, Fried MG, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Using MbtH-Like Proteins to Alter the Substrate Profile of a Nonribosomal Peptide Adenylation Enzyme. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2186-2194. [PMID: 30134012 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
MbtH-like proteins (MLPs) are required for soluble expression and/or optimal activity of some adenylation (A) domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases. Because A domains can interact with noncognate MLP partners, how the function of an A domain, TioK, involved in the biosynthesis of the bisintercalator thiocoraline, is altered by noncognate MLPs has been investigated. Measuring TioK activity with 12 different MLPs from a variety of bacterial species by using a radiometric assay suggested that the A domain substrate promiscuity could be altered by foreign MLPs. Kinetic studies and bioinformatics analysis expanded the complexity of MLP functions and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lee T. Todd, Jr. Building, 789 South Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lee T. Todd, Jr. Building, 789 South Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Ryan Choi
- University of Washington, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,University of Washington, Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Diseases, 307 Westlake Avenue N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Garry W Buchko
- University of Washington, Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Diseases, 307 Westlake Avenue N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, Richmond, WA, 99352, USA.,School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, P. O. Box 647520, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Michael G Fried
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Biological Sciences Research Bldg, 741 South Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lee T. Todd, Jr. Building, 789 South Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
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6
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Mori S, Garzan A, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Deciphering Nature’s Intricate Way of N,S-Dimethylating l-Cysteine: Sequential Action of Two Bifunctional Adenylation Domains. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6087-6097. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Atefeh Garzan
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Oleg V. Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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7
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Costantini S, Guerriero E, Teta R, Capone F, Caso A, Sorice A, Romano G, Ianora A, Ruocco N, Budillon A, Costantino V, Costantini M. Evaluating the Effects of an Organic Extract from the Mediterranean Sponge Geodia cydonium on Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102112. [PMID: 28991212 PMCID: PMC5666794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are an excellent source of bioactive secondary metabolites for pharmacological applications. In the present study, we evaluated the chemistry, cytotoxicity and metabolomics of an organic extract from the Mediterranean marine sponge Geodia cydonium, collected in coastal waters of the Gulf of Naples. We identified an active fraction able to block proliferation of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB231, and MDA-MB468 and to induce cellular apoptosis, whereas it was inactive on normal breast cells (MCF-10A). Metabolomic studies showed that this active fraction was able to interfere with amino acid metabolism, as well as to modulate glycolysis and glycosphingolipid metabolic pathways. In addition, the evaluation of the cytokinome profile on the polar fractions of three treated breast cancer cell lines (compared to untreated cells) demonstrated that this fraction induced a slight anti-inflammatory effect. Finally, the chemical entities present in this fraction were analyzed by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry combined with molecular networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Costantini
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Eliana Guerriero
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Roberta Teta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Capone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessia Caso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Sorice
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nadia Ruocco
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valeria Costantino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
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8
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Mori S, Shrestha SK, Fernández J, Álvarez San Millán M, Garzan A, Al-Mestarihi AH, Lombó F, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Activation and Loading of the Starter Unit during Thiocoraline Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4457-4467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Mori
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sanjib K. Shrestha
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Javier Fernández
- Departamento
de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología
del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - María Álvarez San Millán
- Departamento
de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología
del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Atefeh Garzan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Ahmad H. Al-Mestarihi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Departamento
de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología
del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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9
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Zhang Y, Zou Y, Brock NL, Huang T, Lan Y, Wang X, Deng Z, Tang Y, Lin S. Characterization of 2-Oxindole Forming Heme Enzyme MarE, Expanding the Functional Diversity of the Tryptophan Dioxygenase Superfamily. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11887-11894. [PMID: 28809552 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
3-Substituted 2-oxindoles are important structural motifs found in many biologically active natural products and pharmaceutical lead compounds. Here, we report an enzymatic formation of the 3-substituted 2-oxindoles catalyzed by MarE in the maremycin biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces sp. B9173. MarE is a homologue of FeII/heme-dependent tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases (TDOs). Typical TDOs usually catalyze the insertion of two oxygen atoms from O2 into an indole ring to generate N-formylkynurenine (NFK)-like products. In contrast, MarE catalyzes the insertion of a single oxygen atom from O2 into an indole ring, to probably generate an epoxyindole intermediate that undergoes an unprecedented 2,3-hydride migration to form 2-oxindole structure. MarE shows substrate robustness to catalyze the conversion of a series of 3-substituted indoles into their corresponding 3-substituted 2-oxindoles. Although containing most key amino acid residues conserved in well-known TDO homologues, MarE falls into a separate new subgroup in the phylogenetic tree. The characterization of MarE and its homologue enriches the functional diversities of TDO superfamily and provides a new strategy for discovering novel natural products containing 3-substituted 2-oxindole pharmacophores by genome mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles , 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nelson L Brock
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingxia Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles , 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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10
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Yan Y, Yang J, Yu Z, Yu M, Ma YT, Wang L, Su C, Luo J, Horsman GP, Huang SX. Non-enzymatic pyridine ring formation in the biosynthesis of the rubrolone tropolone alkaloids. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13083. [PMID: 27713400 PMCID: PMC5059770 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyridine ring is a potent pharmacophore in alkaloid natural products. Nonetheless, its biosynthetic pathways are poorly understood. Rubrolones A and B are tropolone alkaloid natural products possessing a unique tetra-substituted pyridine moiety. Here, we report the gene cluster and propose a biosynthetic pathway for rubrolones, identifying a key intermediate that accumulates upon inactivation of sugar biosynthetic genes. Critically, this intermediate was converted to the aglycones of rubrolones by non-enzymatic condensation and cyclization with either ammonia or anthranilic acid to generate the respective pyridine rings. We propose that this non-enzymatic reaction occurs via hydrolysis of the key intermediate, which possesses a 1,5-dione moiety as an amine acceptor capable of cyclization. This study suggests that 1,5-dione moieties may represent a general strategy for pyridine ring biosynthesis, and more broadly highlights the utility of non-enzymatic diversification for exploring and expanding natural product chemical space.
The biosynthesis of pyridine rings is still poorly understood. Here the authors propose a biosynthetic pathway for pyridine-containing rubrolones, which is characterized by a non-enzymatic condensation and cyclization of the pyridine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhiyin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ya-Tuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Can Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jianying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Geoffrey P Horsman
- Department of Chemistry &Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3C5
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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11
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Shrestha SK, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Expanding Substrate Promiscuity by Engineering a Novel Adenylating-Methylating NRPS Bifunctional Enzyme. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1328-32. [PMID: 27128382 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptides synthetases (NRPSs), which are multifunctional mega-enzymes producing many biologically active metabolites, are ideal targets for enzyme engineering. NRPS adenylation domains play a critical role in selecting/activating the amino acids to be transferred to downstream NRPS domains in the biosynthesis of natural products. Both monofunctional and bifunctional A domains interrupted with an auxiliary domain are found in nature. Here, we show that a bifunctional interrupted A domain can be uninterrupted by deleting its methyltransferase auxiliary domain portion to make an active monofunctional enzyme. We also demonstrate that a portion of an auxiliary domain with almost no sequence identity to the original auxiliary domain can be insert into naturally interrupted A domain to develop a new active bifunctional A domain with increased substrate profile. This work shows promise for the creation of new interrupted A domains in engineered NRPS enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib K Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, BioPharm Complex (Room 423), 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, BioPharm Complex (Room 423), 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
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12
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13
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Al-Mestarihi AH, Villamizar G, Fernández J, Zolova OE, Lombó F, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Adenylation and S-methylation of cysteine by the bifunctional enzyme TioN in thiocoraline biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17350-4. [PMID: 25409494 DOI: 10.1021/ja510489j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor agent thiocoraline is a nonribosomally biosynthesized bisintercalator natural product, which contains in its peptidic backbone two S-methylated l-cysteine residues. S-Methylation occurs very rarely in nature, and is observed extremely rarely in nonribosomal peptide scaffolds. We have proposed that during thiocoraline biosynthesis, TioN, a stand-alone adenylation domain interrupted by the S-adenosyl-l-methionine binding region of a methyltransferase enzyme, is capable of performing two functions: the adenylation and S-methylation of l-cysteine. Herein, by preparation of knockouts of TioN and its MbtH-like protein partner TioT, we confirmed their role in thiocoraline biosynthesis. We also co-expressed recombinant TioN and TioT and biochemically investigated three potential pathways involving activation, methylation, and loading of l-cysteine onto the TioN partner thiolation domain, TioS(T4). The valuable insights gained into the pathway(s) followed for the production of S-Me-l-Cys-S-TioS(T4) will serve as a guide for the development of novel engineered interrupted adenylation enzymes for combinatorial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Al-Mestarihi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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14
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Wyche TP, Dammalapati A, Cho H, Harrison AD, Kwon GS, Chen H, Bugni TS, Jaskula-Sztul R. Thiocoraline activates the Notch pathway in carcinoids and reduces tumor progression in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:518-25. [PMID: 25412645 PMCID: PMC4270822 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoids are slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that are characterized by hormone overproduction; surgery is currently the only option for treatment. Activation of the Notch pathway has previously been shown to have a role in tumor suppression in NETs. The marine-derived thiodepsipeptide thiocoraline was investigated in vitro in two carcinoid cell lines (BON and H727). Carcinoid cells treated with nanomolar concentrations of thiocoraline resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and an alteration of malignant phenotype evidenced by decrease of NET markers, ASCL-1, CgA, and NSE. Western blot analysis demonstrated the activation of Notch1 on the protein level in BON cells. Additionally, thiocoraline activated downstream Notch targets HES1, HES5, and HEY2. Thiocoraline effectively suppressed carcinoid cell growth by promoting cell cycle arrest in BON and H727 cells. An in vivo study demonstrated that thiocoraline, formulated with polymeric micelles, slowed carcinoid tumor progression. Thus, the therapeutic potential of thiocoraline, which induced activation of the Notch pathway, in carcinoid tumors was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Wyche
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A Dammalapati
- Department of Surgery Endocrine Research Laboratories, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Cho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A D Harrison
- Department of Surgery Endocrine Research Laboratories, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - G S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Chen
- Department of Surgery Endocrine Research Laboratories, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T S Bugni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery Endocrine Research Laboratories, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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15
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Fernández J, Marín L, Alvarez-Alonso R, Redondo S, Carvajal J, Villamizar G, Villar CJ, Lombó F. Biosynthetic modularity rules in the bisintercalator family of antitumor compounds. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2668-99. [PMID: 24821625 PMCID: PMC4052310 DOI: 10.3390/md12052668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse actinomycetes produce a family of structurally and biosynthetically related non-ribosomal peptide compounds which belong to the chromodepsipeptide family. These compounds act as bisintercalators into the DNA helix. They give rise to antitumor, antiparasitic, antibacterial and antiviral bioactivities. These compounds show a high degree of conserved modularity (chromophores, number and type of amino acids). This modularity and their high sequence similarities at the genetic level imply a common biosynthetic origin for these pathways. Here, we describe insights about rules governing this modular biosynthesis, taking advantage of the fact that nowadays five of these gene clusters have been made public (thiocoraline, triostin, SW-163 and echinomycin/quinomycin). This modularity has potential application for designing and producing novel genetic engineered derivatives, as well as for developing new chemical synthesis strategies. These would facilitate their clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández
- Research Group BITTEN, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 7, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Laura Marín
- Research Group BITTEN, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 7, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Raquel Alvarez-Alonso
- Research Group BITTEN, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 7, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Saúl Redondo
- Research Group BITTEN, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 7, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Juan Carvajal
- Research Group BITTEN, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 7, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Germán Villamizar
- Research Group BITTEN, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 7, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Research Group BITTEN, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 7, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Group BITTEN, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 7, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
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16
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Tulla-Puche J, Auriemma S, Falciani C, Albericio F. Orthogonal chemistry for the synthesis of thiocoraline-triostin hybrids. Exploring their structure-activity relationship. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5587-600. [PMID: 23746132 DOI: 10.1021/jm4006093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural compounds triostin and thiocoraline are potent antitumor agents that act as DNA bisintercalators. From a pharmaceutical point of view, these compounds are highly attractive although they present a low pharmacokinetic profile, in part due to their low solubility. Synthetically, they represent a tour de force because no robust strategies have been developed to access a broad range of these bicyclic (depsi)peptides in a straightforward manner. Here we describe solid-phase strategies to synthesize new bisintercalators, such as thiocoraline-triostin hybrids, as well as analogues bearing soluble tags. Orthogonal protection schemes (up to five from: Fmoc, Boc Alloc, pNZ, o-NBS, and Troc), together with the right concourse of the coupling reagents (HOSu, HOBt, HOAt, Oxyma, EDC, DIPCDI, PyAOP, PyBOP, HATU, COMU), were crucial to establish the synthetic plan. In vitro studies and structure-activity relationships have been shown trends in the structure-activity relationship that will facilitate the design of new bisintercalators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Tulla-Puche
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona , Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Zhang C, Kong L, Liu Q, Lei X, Zhu T, Yin J, Lin B, Deng Z, You D. In vitro characterization of echinomycin biosynthesis: formation and hydroxylation of L-tryptophanyl-S-enzyme and oxidation of (2S,3S) β-hydroxytryptophan. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56772. [PMID: 23437232 PMCID: PMC3578932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QXC) and 3-hydroxyquinaldic acid (HQA) feature in quinomycin family and confer anticancer activity. In light of the significant potency against cancer, the biosynthetic gene clusters have been reported from many different Streptomyces strains, and the biosynthetic pathway were proposed mainly based on the in vivo feeding experiment with isotope labeled putative intermediates. Herein we report another gene cluster from Streptomyces griseovariabilis subsp. bandungensis subsp. nov responsible for the biosynthesis of echinomycin (a member of quinomycin family, also named quinomycin A) and presented in vitro evidence to corroborate the previous hypothesis on QXC biosynthesis, showing that only with the assistance of a MbtH-like protein Qui5, did the didomain NRPS protein (Qui18) perform the loading of a L-tryptophan onto its own PCP domain. Particularly, it was found that Qui5 and Qui18 subunits form a functional tetramer through size exclusion chromatography. The subsequent hydroxylation on β-carbon of the loaded L-tryptophan proved in vitro to be completed by cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylase Qui15. Importantly, only the Qui18 loaded L-tryptophan can be hydroxylated by Qui15 and the enzyme was inactive on free L-tryptophan. Additionally, the chemically synthesized (2S,3S) β-hydroxytryptophan was detected to be converted by the tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Qui17 through LC-MS, which enriched our previous knowledge that tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase nearly exclusively acted on L-tryptophan and 6-fluoro-tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingxin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Birun Lin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Delin You
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Liao G, Shi T, Xie J. Regulation mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of daptomycin and related lipopeptides. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:735-41. [PMID: 22020738 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotics used to treat Gram-positive pathogens infections, including drug-resistant strains. In-depth exploration of its biosynthesis and regulation is crucial for metabolic engineering improvement of this ever-increasing important antibiotic. The past years have witnessed the significant progresses in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and regulation of daptomycin. This information was updated in our review, with special focus on the regulatory network integrating a wide variety of physiological and environmental inputs. This should provide novel insight into the regulatory mechanism of biosynthesis of daptomycin and nodes for strain improvement to increase the yields of daptomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Liao
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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19
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Zolova OE, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Importance of the MbtH-like protein TioT for production and activation of the thiocoraline adenylation domain of TioK. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20131c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Tang MC, Fu CY, Tang GL. Characterization of SfmD as a Heme peroxidase that catalyzes the regioselective hydroxylation of 3-methyltyrosine to 3-hydroxy-5-methyltyrosine in saframycin A biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:5112-21. [PMID: 22187429 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.306316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Saframycin A (SFM-A) is a potent antitumor antibiotic that belongs to the tetrahydroisoquinoline family. Biosynthetic studies have revealed that its unique pentacyclic core structure is derived from alanine, glycine, and non-proteinogenic amino acid 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-O-methyltyrosine (3-OH-5-Me-OMe-Tyr). SfmD, a hypothetical protein in the biosynthetic pathway of SFM-A, was hypothesized to be responsible for the generation of the 3-hydroxy group of 3-OH-5-Me-OMe-Tyr based on previously heterologous expression results. We now report the in vitro characterization of SfmD as a novel heme-containing peroxidase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of 3-methyltyrosine to 3-hydroxy-5-methyltyrosine using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. In addition, we elucidated the biosynthetic pathway of 3-OH-5-Me-OMe-Tyr by kinetic studies of SfmD in combination with biochemical assays of SfmM2, a methyltransferase within the same pathway. Furthermore, SacD, a counterpart of SfmD involved in safracin B biosynthesis, was also characterized as a heme-containing peroxidase, suggesting that SfmD-like heme-containing peroxidases may be commonly involved in the biosynthesis of SFM-A and its analogs. Finally, we found that the conserved motif HXXXC is crucial for heme binding using comparative UV-Vis and Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD) spectra studies of SfmD wild-type and mutants. Together, these findings expand the category of heme-containing peroxidases and set the stage for further mechanistic studies. In addition, this study has critical implications for delineating the biosynthetic pathway of other related tetrahydroisoquinoline family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Cheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Wyche TP, Hou Y, Braun D, Cohen HC, Xiong MP, Bugni TS. First natural analogs of the cytotoxic thiodepsipeptide thiocoraline A from a marine Verrucosispora sp. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6542-7. [PMID: 21736356 DOI: 10.1021/jo200661n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A marine Verrucosispora sp. isolated from the sponge Chondrilla caribensis f. caribensis was found to produce thiocoraline, a potent cytotoxic compound. Five new analogs of thiocoraline were isolated and represent the first analogs of thiocoraline. 22'-Deoxythiocoraline (2), thiochondrilline C (5), and 12'-sulfoxythiocoraline (6) demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against the A549 human cancer cell line with EC(50) values of 0.13, 2.86, and 1.26 μM, respectively. The analogs provide insight into the SAR and biosynthesis of thiocoraline. The DP4 probability method was used to analyze ab initio NMR calculations to confirm stereochemical assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Wyche
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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22
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Mady ASA, Zolova OE, Millán MÁS, Villamizar G, de la Calle F, Lombó F, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Characterization of TioQ, a type II thioesterase from the thiocoraline biosynthetic cluster. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1999-2011. [PMID: 21483938 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05044c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An antitumor agent thiocoraline is a thiodepsipeptide marine product derived from two Micromonospora sp. strains that inhibits protein synthesis by binding of its key 3-hydroxyquinaldic acid (3HQA) chromophores to duplex DNA. There are at least two potential pathways via which the 3HQA moiety could be biosynthesized from L-Trp. By biochemical characterization and by preparation of knockouts of an adenylation-thiolation enzyme, TioK, and of two type II thioesterases, TioP and TioQ, found in the thiocoraline biosynthetic gene cluster, we gained valuable insight into the pathway followed for the production of 3HQA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S A Mady
- University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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23
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Hirose Y, Watanabe K, Minami A, Nakamura T, Oguri H, Oikawa H. Involvement of common intermediate 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine in chromophore biosynthesis of quinomycin family antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 64:117-22. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Zolova OE, Mady ASA, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Recent developments in bisintercalator natural products. Biopolymers 2010; 93:777-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Biswas T, Zolova OE, Lombó F, de la Calle F, Salas JA, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A new scaffold of an old protein fold ensures binding to the bisintercalator thiocoraline. J Mol Biol 2010; 397:495-507. [PMID: 20122935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiocoraline is a thiodepsipeptide with potent antitumor activity. TioX, a protein with an unidentified function, is encoded by a gene of the thiocoraline biosynthetic gene cluster. The crystal structure of the full-length TioX protein at 2.15 A resolution reveals that TioX protomer shares an ancient betaalphabetabetabeta fold motif with glyoxalase I and bleomycin resistance protein families, despite a very low sequence homology. Intriguingly, four TioX monomers form a unique 2-fold symmetric tetrameric assembly that is stabilized by four intermolecular disulfide bonds formed cyclically between Cys60 and Cys66 of adjacent monomers. The arrangement of two of the four monomers in the TioX tetramer is analogous to that in dimeric bleomycin resistance proteins. This analogy indicates that this novel higher-order structural scaffold of TioX may have evolved to bind thiocoraline. Our equilibrium titration studies demonstrate the binding of a thiocoraline chromophore analog, quinaldic acid, to TioX, thereby substantiating this model. Furthermore, a strain of Streptomyces albus containing an exogenous thiocoraline gene cluster devoid of functional tioX maintains thiocoraline production, albeit with a lower yield. Taken together, these observations rule out a direct enzymatic function of TioX and suggest that TioX is involved in thiocoraline resistance or secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Biswas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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26
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Abstract
Thiopeptides, or thiazolylpeptides, are a family of highly modified peptide antibiotics first discovered several decades ago. Dozens of thiopeptides have since been identified, but, until recently, the biosynthetic genes responsible for their production remained elusive. The biosynthetic systems for a handful of thiopeptide metabolites were identified in the first portion of 2009. The surprising finding that these metabolites arise from the enzymatic tailoring of a simple, linear, ribosomally-synthesized precursor peptide led to a renewed appreciation of the architectural complexity accessible by posttranslational modification. This recent progress toward understanding thiopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis benefits the discovery of novel thiopeptides by either directed screening techniques or by mining available microbial genome sequences. Furthermore, access to the biosynthetic machinery now opens an avenue to the biosynthetic engineering of thiopeptide analogs. This Highlight discusses the genetic and biochemical insights revealed by these initial reports of the biosynthetic gene clusters for thiopeptide metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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27
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Kelly WL, Pan L, Li C. Thiostrepton Biosynthesis: Prototype for a New Family of Bacteriocins. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4327-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ja807890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L. Kelly
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Lisa Pan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Chaoxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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28
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McQuade TJ, Shallop AD, Sheoran A, Delproposto JE, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A nonradioactive high-throughput assay for screening and characterization of adenylation domains for nonribosomal peptide combinatorial biosynthesis. Anal Biochem 2008; 386:244-50. [PMID: 19135023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenylation domains are critical enzymes that dictate the identity of the amino acid building blocks to be incorporated during nonribosomal peptide (NRP) biosynthesis. NRPs display a wide range of biological activities and are some of the most important drugs currently used in clinics. Traditionally, activity of adenylation domains has been measured by radioactive ATP-[32P]pyrophosphate (PP(i)) exchange assays. To identify adenylation domains for future combinatorial production of novel NRPs as potential drugs, we report a convenient high-throughput nonradioactive method to measure activity of these enzymes. In our assay, malachite green is used to measure orthophosphate (P(i)) concentrations after degradation by inorganic pyrophosphatase of the PP(i) released during aminoacyl-AMP formation by action of the adenylation domains. The assay is quantitative, accurate, and robust, and it can be performed in 96- and 384-well plate formats. The performance of our assay was tested by using NcpB-A(4), one of the seven adenylation domains involved in nostocyclopeptide biosynthesis. The kinetics of pyrophosphate release monitored by this method are much slower than those measured by a traditional ATP-[32P]PP(i) exchange assay. This observation indicates that the formation of the adenylated amino acid and its release are the rate-limiting steps during the catalytic turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J McQuade
- Center for Chemical Genomics, High-Throughput Screening Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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