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Abstract
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles have a high biocompatibility and biodegradability due to their chemical similarity to human hard tissue, for example, bone and teeth. They can be used as efficient carriers for different kinds of biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, antibodies, or drugs, which alone are not able to enter cells where their biological effect is required. They can be loaded with cargo molecules by incorporating them, unlike solid nanoparticles, and also by surface functionalization. This offers protection, for example, against nucleases, and the possibility for cell targeting. If such nanoparticles are functionalized with fluorescing dyes, they can be applied for imaging in vitro and in vivo. Synthesis, functionalization and cell uptake mechanisms of calcium phosphate nanoparticles are discussed together with applications in transfection, gene silencing, imaging, immunization, and bone substitution. Biodistribution data of calcium phosphate nanoparticles in vivo are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Sokolova
- Inorganic chemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenUniversitaetsstr. 5–745117EssenGermany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic chemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenUniversitaetsstr. 5–745117EssenGermany
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2
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Liu S, Huang Z, Li F, Yan T, Fu S, Tian R, Hou C, Luo Q, Xu J, Liu J. Supramolecular polymer nanocapsules by enzymatic covalent condensation: biocompatible and biodegradable drug-delivery systems for chemo-photothermal anticancer therapy. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer nanocapsules were constructed by enzymatic covalent condensation and they acted as drug-delivery systems for chemo-photothermal anticancer therapy.
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3
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Choi JS, Meghani N. Impact of surface modification in BSA nanoparticles for uptake in cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:653-661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Luo D, Shahid S, Wilson RM, Cattell MJ, Sukhorukov GB. Novel Formulation of Chlorhexidine Spheres and Sustained Release with Multilayered Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12652-12660. [PMID: 27176115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the synthesis of new chlorhexidine polymorphs with controlled morphology and symmetry, which were used as a template for layer-by-layer (LbL) encapsulation. LbL self-assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes onto the drug surface was used in the current work, as an efficient method to produce a carrier with high drug content, improved drug solubility and sustained release. Coprecipitation of the chlorhexidine polymorphs was performed using chlorhexidine diacetate and calcium chloride solutions. Porous interconnected chlorhexidine spheres were produced by tuning the concentration of calcium chloride. The size of these drug colloids could be further controlled from 5.6 μm to over 20 μm (diameter) by adjusting the coprecipitation temperature. The chlorhexidine content in the spheres was determined to be as high as 90%. These particles were further stabilized by depositing 3.5 bilayers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) on the surface. In vitro release kinetics of chlorhexidine capsules showed that the multilayer shells could prolong the release, which was further demonstrated by characterizing the remaining chlorhexidine capsules with SEM and confocal microscopy. The new chlorhexidine polymorph and LbL coating has created novel chlorhexidine formulations. Further modification to the chlorhexidine polymorph structure is possible to achieve both sustained and stimuli responsive release, which will enhance its clinical performance in medicine and dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Saroash Shahid
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 2AD, United Kingdom
| | - Rory M Wilson
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Cattell
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 2AD, United Kingdom
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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5
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Sharma S, Verma A, Teja BV, Pandey G, Mittapelly N, Trivedi R, Mishra PR. An insight into functionalized calcium based inorganic nanomaterials in biomedicine: Trends and transitions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 133:120-39. [PMID: 26094145 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the recent years the use of biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles in biomedicine has become a significant priority. Calcium based ceramic nanoparticles like calcium phosphate (CaP) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) are therefore considered as attractive carriers as they are naturally present in human body with nanosize range. Their application in tissue engineering and localized controlled delivery of bioactives for bones and teeth is well established now, but recently their use has increased significantly as carrier of bioactives through other routes also. These delivery systems have become most potential alternatives to other commonly used delivery system because of their cost effectiveness, biodegradability, chemical stability, controlled and stimuli responsive behaviour. This review comprehensively covers their characteristic features, method of preparation and applications but the thrust is to focus their recent development, functionalization and use in systemic delivery. On the same platform mineralization of other nanoparticulate delivery system which has widened their application drug delivery will be discussed. The emphasis has been given on their pH dependent properties which make them excellent carriers for tumour targeting and intracellular delivery. Finally this review also attempts to discuss their drawback which limits their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Ashwni Verma
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - B Venkatesh Teja
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Gitu Pandey
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Naresh Mittapelly
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - P R Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India.
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6
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Carregal-Romero S, Guardia P, Yu X, Hartmann R, Pellegrino T, Parak WJ. Magnetically triggered release of molecular cargo from iron oxide nanoparticle loaded microcapsules. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:570-6. [PMID: 25415565 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04055d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal release of cargo molecules has been extensively studied for bioapplications. For instance, microcapsules decorated with plasmonic nanoparticles have been widely used in in vitro assays. However, some concerns about their suitability for some in vivo applications cannot be easily overcome, in particular the limited penetration depth of light (even infrared). Magnetic nanoparticles are alternative heat-mediators for local heating, which can be triggered by applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF). AMFs are much less absorbed by tissue than light and thus can penetrate deeper overcoming the above mentioned limitations. Here we present iron oxide nanocube-modified microcapsules as a platform for magnetically triggered molecular release. Layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte microcapsules with 4.6 μm diameter, which had 18 nm diameter iron oxide nanocubes integrated in their walls, were synthesized. The microcapsules were further loaded with an organic fluorescent polymer (Cascade Blue-labelled dextran), which was used as a model of molecular cargo. Through an AMF the magnetic nanoparticles were able to heat their surroundings and destroy the microcapsule walls, leading to a final release of the embedded cargo to the surrounding solution. The cargo release was monitored in solution by measuring the increase in both absorbance and fluorescence signal after the exposure to an AMF. Our results demonstrate that magnetothermal release of the encapsulated material is possible using magnetic nanoparticles with a high heating performance.
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Yang F, Ma S, Zong W, Luo N, Lv M, Hu Y, Zhou L, Han X. Fabrication of pH sensitive microcapsules using soft templates and their application to drug release. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The schematic depiction of the process preparing hollow microcapsules and drug loading via layer-by-layer assembly technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Shenghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Wei Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Nan Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Minlan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Lili Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
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Parakhonskiy BV, Yashchenok AM, Konrad M, Skirtach AG. Colloidal micro- and nano-particles as templates for polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 207:253-64. [PMID: 24594104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal particles play an important role in various areas of material and pharmaceutical sciences, biotechnology, and biomedicine. In this overview we describe micro- and nano-particles used for the preparation of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules and as drug delivery vehicles. An essential feature of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsule preparations is the ability to adsorb polymeric layers onto colloidal particles or templates followed by dissolution of these templates. The choice of the template is determined by various physico-chemical conditions: solvent needed for dissolution, porosity, aggregation tendency, as well as release of materials from capsules. Historically, the first templates were based on melamine formaldehyde, later evolving towards more elaborate materials such as silica and calcium carbonate. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed here in comparison to non-particulate templates such as red blood cells. Further steps in this area include development of anisotropic particles, which themselves can serve as delivery carriers. We provide insights into application of particles as drug delivery carriers in comparison to microcapsules templated on them.
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Ruesing J, Rotan O, Gross-Heitfeld C, Mayer C, Epple M. Nanocapsules of a cationic polyelectrolyte and nucleic acid for efficient cellular uptake and gene transfer. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4625-4630. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Prinz EM, Szamocki R, Nica V, Hempelmann R. Mixed Micellization Behavior of Gemini (Cationic Ester-Bonded) Surfactants with Conventional (Cationic, Anionic and Nonionic) Surfactants in Aqueous Medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two cationic ester-bonded cleavable gemini surfactants of different hydrophobic chain length ethane-1,2-diyl bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-alkylammoniumacetoxy)dichloride, C
n
H2n+1(CH3)2N+(CH2COOCH2)2N+(CH3)2C
n
H2n+1. 2Cl- (n-E2-n, n=12, 16), having ester linkage in the spacer, were synthesized adopting the reported procedure. Physicochemical properties of the single and binary gemini-conventional mixed micelles of different mole fractions were studied by conductivity measurements at 30 ºC. The conventional surfactants used were: DTAC (dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride), CTAC (hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride), CPC (cetylpyridinium chloride), SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate), TX-100 (t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol) and Brij 58 (polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether). Whereas the critical micelle concentration (cmc) values for the dicationic geminis (12-E2-12 and 16-E2-16) were found to be very low as compared to the respective monomeric surfactant with the same number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic chain per hydrophilic head group, those for all the binary systems were found to be less than the ideal cmc values studied at different mole fractions of the geminis. This synergistic interaction between the surfactants has been analyzed in the light of various theoretical models such as Clint, Rubingh, Motomura and Maeda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Marie Prinz
- Saarland University, Physical Chemistry, Saarbrücken, Deutschland
| | | | - Valentin Nica
- Alexandru I. Cuza University, Physics Department, Iasi, Rumänien
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11
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Feng D, Shi J, Wang X, Zhang L, Cao S. Hollow hybrid hydroxyapatite microparticles with sustained and pH-responsive drug delivery properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Mu B, Liu P. Temperature and pH dual responsive crosslinked polymeric nanocapsules via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Huang M, Wang Y. Synthesis of calcium phosphate microcapsules using yeast-based biotemplate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13905c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Klesing J, Chernousova S, Epple M. Freeze-dried cationic calcium phosphatenanorods as versatile carriers of nucleic acids (DNA, siRNA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13502c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Mu B, Lu C, Liu P. Disintegration-controllable stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules via covalent layer-by-layer assembly. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 82:385-90. [PMID: 21074380 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The disintegration-controllable stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules have been fabricated via the covalent layer-by-layer assembly between the amino groups of chitosan (CS) and the aldehyde groups of the oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) onto the sacrificial templates (polystyrene sulfonate, PSS) which was removed by dialysis subsequently. The covalent crosslinking bonds of the multilayer microcapsules were confirmed by FTIR analysis. The TEM analysis showed that the diameter of the multilayer microcapsules was <200nm. The diameter of the multilayer microcapsules decreased with the increasing of the pH values or the ionic strength. The pH and ionic strength dual-responsive multilayer microcapsules were stable in acidic and neutral media while they could disintegrate only at strong basic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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16
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Uskoković V, Uskoković DP. Nanosized hydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphates: Chemistry of formation and application as drug and gene delivery agents. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 96:152-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Li J, Stöver HDH. Pickering emulsion templated layer-by-layer assembly for making microcapsules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:15554-60. [PMID: 20812695 DOI: 10.1021/la1020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions stabilized by poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSS) surface-modified LUDOX CL particles were used as templates for the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolytes and charged nanoparticles to form composite shells. The microcapsules resulting from repeated LbL coating with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and PSS had porous walls due to the loose arrangement of the original nanoparticle aggregates at the oil-water interface, leading to significant microcapsule rupture and low encapsulation efficiency. Microcapsules formed by coating with PDADMAC and anionic LUDOX HS nanoparticles led to dense walls and stronger microcapsules, suitable for microencapsulation of hydrophobic materials with a wide range of polarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
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Kim D, Kim E, Lee J, Hong S, Sung W, Lim N, Park CG, Kim K. Direct Synthesis of Polymer Nanocapsules: Self-Assembly of Polymer Hollow Spheres through Irreversible Covalent Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9908-19. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1039242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Department of Physics, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Department of Physics, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Department of Physics, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonsang Hong
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Department of Physics, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Wokyung Sung
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Department of Physics, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Namseok Lim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Department of Physics, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Gyung Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Department of Physics, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Department of Physics, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Calcium phosphate is a natural biomineral and therefore possesses an excellent biocompatibility due to its chemical similarity to human hard tissue (bone and teeth). Calcium phosphate nanoparticles can be precipitated under controlled conditions and used as carrier in biological systems, e.g. to transfer nucleic acids or drugs. Such nanoparticles can also be suitably functionalized with fluorescing dyes, polymeric agents, pro-drugs or activators. The small monodisperse nanoparticles only mildly influence the intracellular calcium level and therefore are not toxic for cells.
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Dorozhkin SV. Nanosized and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:715-34. [PMID: 19861183 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in biomineralization have already demonstrated that nanosized crystals and particles play an important role in the formation of hard tissues of animals. Namely, it is well established that the basic inorganic building blocks of bones and teeth of mammals are nanosized and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates in the form of apatites. In mammals, tens to hundreds nanocrystals of a biological apatite have been found to be combined into self-assembled structures under the control of bioorganic matrixes. Therefore, application and prospective use of the nanosized and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates for a clinical repair of damaged bones and teeth are also well known. For example, greater viability and better proliferation of various types of cells have been detected on smaller crystals of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, the nanosized and nanocrystalline forms of calcium orthophosphates have great potential to revolutionize the hard tissue-engineering field, starting from bone repair and augmentation to controlled drug delivery systems. This paper reviews the current state of art and recent developments of various nanosized and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates, starting from synthesis and characterization to biomedical and clinical applications. The review also provides possible directions for future research and development.
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Preetz C, Hauser A, Hause G, Kramer A, Mäder K. Application of atomic force microscopy and ultrasonic resonator technology on nanoscale: Distinction of nanoemulsions from nanocapsules. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 39:141-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Gui Z, Qian J, An Q, Zhao Q, Jin H, Du B. Layer-by-layer self-assembly, controllable disintegration of polycarboxybetaine multilayers and preparation of free-standing films at physiological conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b918170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Ye J, Wang C, Su P, Wu H, Zhou Y, Yao K, Yang J, Gou Z. Biochemically active hydrosol as a means of collecting electrospun microcapsules for drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Epple M, Ganesan K, Heumann R, Klesing J, Kovtun A, Neumann S, Sokolova V. Application of calcium phosphatenanoparticles in biomedicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b910885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Mu B, Shen R, Liu P. Crosslinked polymeric nanocapsules from polymer brushes grafted silica nanoparticles via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74:511-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Apatites and Other Calcium Orthophosphates in Biomedical Engineering, Biology and Medicine. MATERIALS 2009. [PMCID: PMC5513572 DOI: 10.3390/ma2041975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in biomineralization have already demonstrated that nanosized particles play an important role in the formation of hard tissues of animals. Namely, the basic inorganic building blocks of bones and teeth of mammals are nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates (in the form of apatites) of a biological origin. In mammals, tens to hundreds nanocrystals of a biological apatite were found to be combined into self-assembled structures under the control of various bioorganic matrixes. In addition, the structures of both dental enamel and bones could be mimicked by an oriented aggregation of nanosized calcium orthophosphates, determined by the biomolecules. The application and prospective use of nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates for a clinical repair of damaged bones and teeth are also known. For example, a greater viability and a better proliferation of various types of cells were detected on smaller crystals of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, the nanodimensional and nanocrystalline forms of calcium orthophosphates have a great potential to revolutionize the field of hard tissue engineering starting from bone repair and augmentation to the controlled drug delivery devices. This paper reviews current state of knowledge and recent developments of this subject starting from the synthesis and characterization to biomedical and clinical applications. More to the point, this review provides possible directions of future research and development.
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Liu G, Liu P. Mono-dispersed Functional Polymeric Nanocapsules with Multi-lacuna via Soapless Microemulsion Polymerization with Spindle-like alpha-Fe(2)O(3) Nanoparticles as Templates. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2009; 4:281-285. [PMID: 20596437 PMCID: PMC2893870 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mono-dispersed crosslinked polymeric multi-lacuna nanocapsules (CP(St-OA) nanocapsules) about 40 nm with carboxylic groups on their inner and outer surfaces were fabricated in the present work. The small conglomerations of the oleic acid modified spindle-like alpha-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles (OA-Fe(2)O(3)) were encapsulated in the facile microemulsion polymerization with styrene (St) as monomer and divinyl benzene (DVB) as crosslinker. Then the templates, small conglomerations of OA-Fe(2)O(3), were etched with HCl in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The surface carboxylic groups of the crosslinked polymeric multi-lacuna nanocapsules were validated by the Zeta potential analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao Q, Qian J, An Q, Du B. Speedy fabrication of free-standing layer-by-layer multilayer films by using polyelectrolyte complex particles as building blocks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b911386j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Urch H, Vallet-Regi M, Ruiz L, Gonzalez-Calbet JM, Epple M. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles with adjustable dispersability and crystallinity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b810026h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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