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Xia N, Gao F, Zhang J, Wang J, Huang Y. Overview on the Development of Electrochemical Immunosensors by the Signal Amplification of Enzyme- or Nanozyme-Based Catalysis Plus Redox Cycling. Molecules 2024; 29:2796. [PMID: 38930860 PMCID: PMC11206384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-linked electrochemical immunosensors have attracted considerable attention for the sensitive and selective detection of various targets in clinical diagnosis, food quality control, and environmental analysis. In order to improve the performances of conventional immunoassays, significant efforts have been made to couple enzyme-linked or nanozyme-based catalysis and redox cycling for signal amplification. The current review summarizes the recent advances in the development of enzyme- or nanozyme-based electrochemical immunosensors with redox cycling for signal amplification. The special features of redox cycling reactions and their synergistic functions in signal amplification are discussed. Additionally, the current challenges and future directions of enzyme- or nanozyme-based electrochemical immunosensors with redox cycling are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fengli Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yaliang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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2
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Chen C, La M, Yi X, Huang M, Xia N, Zhou Y. Progress in Electrochemical Immunosensors with Alkaline Phosphatase as the Signal Label. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:855. [PMID: 37754089 PMCID: PMC10526794 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical immunosensors have shown great potential in clinical diagnosis, food safety, environmental protection, and other fields. The feasible and innovative combination of enzyme catalysis and other signal-amplified elements has yielded exciting progress in the development of electrochemical immunosensors. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is one of the most popularly used enzyme reporters in bioassays. It has been widely utilized to design electrochemical immunosensors owing to its significant advantages (e.g., high catalytic activity, high turnover number, and excellent substrate specificity). In this work, we summarized the achievements of electrochemical immunosensors with ALP as the signal reporter. We mainly focused on detection principles and signal amplification strategies and briefly discussed the challenges regarding how to further improve the performance of ALP-based immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changdong Chen
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 476000, China
| | - Ming La
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 476000, China
| | - Xinyao Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mengjie Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yanbiao Zhou
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 476000, China
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3
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Ionescu RE. Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensors Using Nanobodies as Biocompatible Sniffer Tools of Agricultural Contaminants and Human Disease Biomarkers. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1486. [PMID: 37630022 PMCID: PMC10456424 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies (Nbs) are known as camelid single-domain fragments or variable heavy chain antibodies (VHH) that in vitro recognize the antigens (Ag) similar to full-size antibodies (Abs) and in vivo allow immunoreactions with biomolecule cavities inaccessible to conventional Abs. Currently, Nbs are widely used for clinical treatments due to their remarkably improved performance, ease of production, thermal robustness, superior physical and chemical properties. Interestingly, Nbs are also very promising bioreceptors for future rapid and portable immunoassays, compared to those using unstable full-size antibodies. For all these reasons, Nbs are excellent candidates in ecological risk assessments and advanced medicine, enabling the development of ultrasensitive biosensing platforms. In this review, immobilization strategies of Nbs on conductive supports for enhanced electrochemical immune detection of food contaminants (Fcont) and human biomarkers (Hbio) are discussed. In the case of Fcont, the direct competitive immunoassay detection using coating antigen solid surface is the most commonly used approach for efficient Nbs capture which was characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) when the signal decays for increasing concentrations of free antigen prepared in aqueous solutions. In contrast, for the Hbio investigations on thiolated gold electrodes, increases in amperometric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) signals were recorded, with increases in the antigen concentrations prepared in PBS or spiked real human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Elena Ionescu
- Light, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (L2n) Laboratory, CNRS EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie CS 42060, 10004 Troyes, France
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4
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Kim KJ, Song Y, Park S, Oh SJ, Kwon SJ. Immunosensor for human
IgE
detection using electrochemical redox cycling with ferrocene‐mixed self‐assembled monolayers modified Au electrode. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Yesol Song
- Department of Chemistry Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | | | - Seung Jun Oh
- Pioneering Research Center, LG Chem Ltd. Seoul South Korea
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Abstract
Biocatalysts provide a number of advantages such as high selectivity, the ability to operate under mild reaction conditions and availability from renewable resources that are of interest in the development of bioreactors for applications in the pharmaceutical and other sectors. The use of oxidoreductases in biocatalytic reactors is primarily focused on the use of NAD(P)-dependent enzymes, with the recycling of the cofactor occurring via an additional enzymatic system. The use of electrochemically based systems has been limited. This review focuses on the development of electrochemically based biocatalytic reactors. The mechanisms of mediated and direct electron transfer together with methods of immobilising enzymes are briefly reviewed. The use of electrochemically based batch and flow reactors is reviewed in detail with a focus on recent developments in the use of high surface area electrodes, enzyme engineering and enzyme cascades. A future perspective on electrochemically based bioreactors is presented.
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Electrochemical Immunosensor for Human IgE Using Ferrocene Self-Assembled Monolayers Modified ITO Electrode. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10040038. [PMID: 32295270 PMCID: PMC7235775 DOI: 10.3390/bios10040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in serum is an important factor in the examination of allergy. Ferrocene (Fc)-modified self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were placed on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode as a sensing layer for the detection of human IgE. The Fc moiety in the SAMs facilitated the electron transfer through the organic SAMs layer and electrocatalytic signal amplification. The electrochemical measurement was accomplished after the sandwich type immobilization of the receptor antibody, target human IgE, and enzyme conjugated secondary antibody. The enzyme product, p-aminophenol, was quantitatively analyzed by redox cycling via Fc. In addition, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was investigated for the detection of IgE. The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and dynamic range of the electrochemical sensor were 3 IU/mL, 10 IU/mL, and from 10 IU/mL to 100 IU/mL, respectively.
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7
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Palanna M, Mohammed I, Aralekallu S, Nemakal M, Sannegowda LK. Simultaneous detection of paracetamol and 4-aminophenol at nanomolar levels using biocompatible cysteine-substituted phthalocyanine. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05252f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extension of the conjugation and biocompatibility of the phthalocyanine molecule is expected to improve its stability and interaction with bio-molecules without any fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha Palanna
- Department of Studies in Chemistry/Industrial Chemistry
- Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University
- Ballari-583105
- India
| | - Imadadulla Mohammed
- Department of Studies in Chemistry/Industrial Chemistry
- Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University
- Ballari-583105
- India
| | - Shambhulinga Aralekallu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry/Industrial Chemistry
- Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University
- Ballari-583105
- India
| | - Manjunatha Nemakal
- Department of Studies in Chemistry/Industrial Chemistry
- Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University
- Ballari-583105
- India
| | - Lokesh Koodlur Sannegowda
- Department of Studies in Chemistry/Industrial Chemistry
- Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University
- Ballari-583105
- India
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8
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Electrochemical Immunoassay Based on Indium Tin Oxide Activity Toward a Alkaline Phosphatase. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Nemakal M, Aralekallu S, Mohammed I, Pari M, Venugopala Reddy K, Sannegowda LK. Nanomolar detection of 4-aminophenol using amperometric sensor based on a novel phthalocyanine. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Seo J, Ha H, Park S, Haque AMJ, Kim S, Joo JM, Yang H. Immunosensor Employing Stable, Solid 1-Amino-2-naphthyl Phosphate and Ammonia-Borane toward Ultrasensitive and Simple Point-of-Care Testing. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1240-1246. [PMID: 28806067 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors for ultrasensitive point-of-care testing require dried reagents with long-term stability and a high signal-to-background ratio. Although ortho-substituted diaromatic dihydroxy and aminohydroxy compounds undergo fast redox reactions, they are not used as electrochemical signaling species because they are readily oxidized and polymerized by dissolved oxygen. In this report, stable, solid 1-amino-2-naphthyl phosphate (1A2N-P) and ammonia-borane (H3N-BH3) are respectively employed as a substrate for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a reductant for electrochemical-chemical (EC) redox cycling. ALP converts 1A2N-P to 1-amino-2-naphthol (1A2N), which is then employed in EC redox cycling using H3N-BH3. The oxidation and polymerization of 1A2N by dissolved oxygen is significantly prevented in the presence of H3N-BH3. The electrochemical measurement is performed without modification of indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes with electrocatalytic materials. For comparison, nine aromatic dihydroxy and aminohydroxy compounds, including 1A2N, are evaluated to achieve fast EC redox cycling, and four strong reductants, including H3N-BH3, are evaluated to achieve a low background level. The combination of 1A2N and H3N-BH3 allows the achievement of a very high signal-to-background ratio. When the newly developed combination is applied to the detection of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), the detection limit for CK-MB is ∼80 fg/mL, indicating that the combination allows ultrasensitive detection. The concentrations of CK-MB in clinical serum samples, determined using the developed system, are in good agreement with the concentrations obtained using a commercial instrument. Thus, the use of stable, solid 1A2N-P and H3N-BH3 along with bare ITO electrodes is highly promising for ultrasensitive and simple point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwook Seo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyeri Ha
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seonhwa Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Al-Monsur Jiaul Haque
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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11
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Eisenhart TT, Howland WC, Dempsey JL. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions with Photometric Bases Reveal Free Energy Relationships for Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7896-905. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T. Eisenhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - William C. Howland
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Jillian L. Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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12
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Mars A, Argoubi W, Ben Aoun S, Raouafi N. Induced conformational change on ferrocenyl-terminated alkyls and their application as transducers for label-free immunosensing of Alzheimer's disease biomarker. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoE Alzheimer's disease biomarker can be sensitively detected by a label-free platform using flexible ferrocene-terminated alkyl chains. The immunorecognition triggers conformational changes, which improve the rate constants of electron-transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim Mars
- University of Tunis El-Manar
- Faculty of Science of Tunis
- Chemistry Department
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15)
- Campus Universitaire de Tunis El-Manar 2092
| | - Wicem Argoubi
- University of Tunis El-Manar
- Faculty of Science of Tunis
- Chemistry Department
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15)
- Campus Universitaire de Tunis El-Manar 2092
| | - Sami Ben Aoun
- Taibah University
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Raouafi
- University of Tunis El-Manar
- Faculty of Science of Tunis
- Chemistry Department
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (LR99ES15)
- Campus Universitaire de Tunis El-Manar 2092
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13
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Sharma A, Rao VK, Kamboj DV, Gaur R, Shaik M, Shrivastava AR. Enzyme free detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) using ferrocene carboxylic acid labeled monoclonal antibodies: an electrochemical approach. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a ferrocene based electrochemical immunosensor for staphylococcal enterotoxin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Defence Research and Development Establishment
- Gwalior
- India
| | | | | | - Ritu Gaur
- Defence Research and Development Establishment
- Gwalior
- India
| | - Mahabul Shaik
- Defence Research and Development Establishment
- Gwalior
- India
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14
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Degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics by Microbacterium sp. strain BR1 - elucidating the downstream pathway. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:710-5. [PMID: 25796473 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microbacterium sp. strain BR1 is among the first bacterial isolates which were proven to degrade sulfonamide antibiotics. The degradation is initiated by an ipso-substitution, initiating the decay of the molecule into sulfur dioxide, the substrate specific heterocyclic moiety as a stable metabolite and benzoquinone imine. The latter appears to be instantaneously reduced to p-aminophenol, as that in turn was detected as the first stable intermediate. This study investigated the downstream pathway of sulfonamide antibiotics by testing the strain's ability to degrade suspected intermediates of this pathway. While p-aminophenol was degraded, degradation products could not be identified. Benzoquinone was shown to be degraded to hydroquinone and hydroquinone in turn was shown to be degraded to 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene. The latter is assumed to be the potential substrate for aromatic ring cleavage. However, no products from the degradation of 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene could be identified. There are no signs of accumulation of intermediates causing oxidative stress, which makes Microbacterium sp. strain BR1 an interesting candidate for industrial waste water treatment.
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15
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Jiaul Haque AM, Kim J, Dutta G, Kim S, Yang H. Redox cycling-amplified enzymatic Ag deposition and its application in the highly sensitive detection of creatine kinase-MB. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14493-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports a novel enzymatic Ag-deposition scheme combined with chemical–chemical redox cycling by reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Monsur Jiaul Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Gorachand Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Yonsei University College of Medicine
- Seoul 135-720
- Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
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16
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Park S, Singh A, Kim S, Yang H. Electroreduction-Based Electrochemical-Enzymatic Redox Cycling for the Detection of Cancer Antigen 15-3 Using Graphene Oxide-Modified Indium–Tin Oxide Electrodes. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1560-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seonhwa Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Amardeep Singh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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17
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Xu J, Wang Q, Xiang Y, Yuan R, Chai Y. Cascade signal amplification for ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA detection. Analyst 2014; 139:128-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01673k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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19
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Xia N, Ma F, Zhao F, He Q, Du J, Li S, Chen J, Liu L. Comparing the performances of electrochemical sensors using p-aminophenol redox cycling by different reductants on gold electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Rau NJ, Welles EA, Wenthold PG. Anionic Substituent Control of the Electronic Structure of Aromatic Nitrenes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:683-90. [PMID: 23276248 DOI: 10.1021/ja306364z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Rau
- The Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Emily A. Welles
- The Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Paul G. Wenthold
- The Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
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21
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Yang H. Enzyme-based ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:422-8. [PMID: 22503680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Signal amplification in conventional enzyme-based biosensors is not high enough to achieve the ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules. In recent years, signal amplification has been improved by combining enzymatic reactions with redox cycling or employing multienzyme labels per detection probe. Electrochemical-chemical redox cycling and electrochemical-chemical-chemical redox cycling allow ultrasensitive detection simply by including one or two more chemicals in a solution without the use of an additional enzyme and/or electrode. Multiple horseradish peroxidase labels on magnetic bead carriers provide high signal enhancement along with a multiplex detection possibility. In both cases, the detection procedures are the same as those in conventional enzyme-based electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Boateng A, Brajter-Toth A. Nanomolar detection of p-nitrophenol via in situ generation of p-aminophenol at nanostructured microelectrodes. Analyst 2012; 137:4531-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Akanda MR, Choe YL, Yang H. “Outer-Sphere to Inner-Sphere” Redox Cycling for Ultrasensitive Immunosensors. Anal Chem 2011; 84:1049-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202638y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rajibul Akanda
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Yu-Lim Choe
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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24
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Jiang B, Wang M, Chen Y, Xie J, Xiang Y. Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of cocaine on graphene/AuNP modified electrode via catalytic redox-recycling amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 32:305-8. [PMID: 22204778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated a new strategy for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of cocaine by using two engineered aptamers in connection to redox-recycling signal amplification. The graphene/AuNP nanocomposites were electrochemically deposited on a screen printed carbon electrode to enhance the electron transfers. The cocaine primary binding aptamers were self-assembled on the electrode surface through sulfur-Au interactions. The presence of the target cocaine and the biotin-modified secondary binding aptamers leads to the formation of sandwich complexes on the electrode surface. The streptavidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) were used as labels to generate quantitative signals. The addition of the ALP substrate and the co-reactant NADH results in the formation of a redox cycle between the enzymatic product and the electrochemically oxidized species and the signal is thus significantly amplified. Because of the effective modification of the sensing surface and signal amplification, low nanomolar (1 nM) detection limit for cocaine is achieved. The proposed aptamer-based sandwich sensing approach for amplified detection of cocaine thus opens new opportunities for highly sensitive determination of other small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
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25
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Gold nanolabels and enzymatic recycling dual amplification-based electrochemical immunosensor for the highly sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Akanda MR, Aziz MA, Jo K, Tamilavan V, Hyun MH, Kim S, Yang H. Optimization of Phosphatase- and Redox Cycling-Based Immunosensors and Its Application to Ultrasensitive Detection of Troponin I. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3926-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200447b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rajibul Akanda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Vellaiappillai Tamilavan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Walter A, Wu J, Flechsig GU, Haake DA, Wang J. Redox cycling amplified electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization: application to pathogen E. coli bacterial RNA. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 689:29-33. [PMID: 21338752 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical genosensor in which signal amplification is achieved using p-aminophenol (p-AP) redox cycling by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is presented. An immobilized thiolated capture probe is combined with a sandwich-type hybridization assay, using biotin as a tracer in the detection probe, and streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase as reporter enzyme. The phosphatase liberates the electrochemical mediator p-AP from its electrically inactive phosphate derivative. This generated p-AP is electrooxidized at an Au electrode modified self-assembled monolayer to p-quinone imine (p-QI). In the presence of NADH, p-QI is reduced back to p-AP, which can be re-oxidized on the electrode and produce amplified signal. A detection limit of 1 pM DNA target is offered by this simple one-electrode, one-enzyme format redox cycling strategy. The redox cycling design is applied successfully to the monitoring of the 16S rRNA of E. coli pathogenic bacteria, and provides a detection limit of 250 CFU μL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Walter
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Svoboda M, Kodíček M. Azo-group reduction during the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization process in the presence of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:3351-3356. [PMID: 20973011 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Some time ago, we published an announcement that the azo group that closes model cyclic peptides is often reduced in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) in the presence of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB) as the matrix. In this work, we demonstrate that these peptides are ionized in all DHB matrix isomers, although threshold ionization laser energies as well as the reduction ratios differ in each matrix. Using a NALDI plate, we confirmed that their reduction depends on the presence of DHB matrix and that the hydrogen atoms participating in the reaction come from the DHB matrix hydroxyl group. We show that the reduction ratio is affected by the overall covalent structure of the peptide, by the presence of a free carboxyl group in DHB matrix, by the mutual position of the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, as well as the laser beam intensity. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the azo-group reduction in cyclic peptides is a very complex process and we are far from fully understanding its nature. We hope that our experimental results will help to shed some light on the MALDI process that still remains mysterious in some of its aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Svoboda
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic.
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Lee JY, Kim BK, Hwang SP, Lee YH, Kwak JH. Label-Free Electrochemical DNA Detection Based on Electrostatic Interaction between DNA and Ferrocene Dendrimers. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.11.3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Kwon SJ, Seo ME, Yang HS, Kim SY, Kwak JH. Application of Polyaniline to an Enzyme-Amplified Electrochemical Immunosensor as an Electroactive Report Molecule. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.11.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Qian X, Chai Y, Wang J, Yuan R. Ultrasensitive aptamer-based protein detection via a dual amplified biocatalytic strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:2539-42. [PMID: 20452761 PMCID: PMC2878878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We present an ultrasensitive aptasensor for the electronic monitoring of proteins through a dual amplified strategy in this paper. The target protein thrombin is sandwiched between an electrode surface confined aptamer and an aptamer-enzyme-carbon nanotube bioconjugate. The analytical signal amplification is achieved by coupling the signal amplification nature of multiple enzymes with the biocatalytic signal enhancement of redox-recycling. Our novel dramatic signal amplification strategy, with a detection limit of 8.3fM, shows about 4 orders of magnitude improvement in the sensitivity for thrombin detection compared to other universal single enzyme-based assay. This makes our approach an attractive alternative to other common PCR-based signal amplification in ultralow level of protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yuyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Privett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Lee CS, Kwon D, Yoo JE, Lee BG, Choi J, Chung BH. A highly sensitive enzyme-amplified immunosensor based on a nanoporous niobium oxide (Nb2O5) electrode. SENSORS 2010; 10:5160-70. [PMID: 22399928 PMCID: PMC3292168 DOI: 10.3390/s100505160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the development of an enzyme-amplified sandwich-type immunosensor based on a thin gold film sputtered on an anodic nanoporous niobium oxide (Au@Nb(2)O(5)) electrode. The electrocatalytic activity of enzymatically amplified electroactive species and a stable electrode consisting of Au@Nb(2)O(5) were used to obtain a powerful signal amplification of the electrochemical immunobiosensor. The method using this electrochemical biosensor based on an Au@Nb(2)O(5) electrode provides a much better performance than those based on conventional bulk gold or niobium oxide electrodes. Our novel approach does not require any time-consuming cleaning steps to yield reproducible electrochemical signals. In addition, the strong adhesion of gold films on the niobium oxide electrodes offers a very stable substrate during electrochemical biosensing. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that non-specific binding of proteins to the modified Au@Nb(2)O(5) surface is sufficiently low to be ignored in the case of our novel system. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of the biosensor based on an Au@Nb(2)O(5) offering the enhanced performance with a high resolution and sensitivity. Therefore, it is expected that the biosensor based on an Au@Nb(2)O(5) has great potential for highly efficient biological devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Soo Lee
- BioNanotechnology Research Center (BNRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-333, Korea; E-Mails: (C.-S.L.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dohyoung Kwon
- BioNanotechnology Research Center (BNRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-333, Korea; E-Mails: (C.-S.L.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Jeng Eun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-E.Y.); (B.-G.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Byung Gun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-E.Y.); (B.-G.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinsub Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-E.Y.); (B.-G.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Bong Hyun Chung
- BioNanotechnology Research Center (BNRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-333, Korea; E-Mails: (C.-S.L.); (D.-H.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-42-860-4442; Fax: +82-42-879-8594
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Kang H, Aziz M, Jeon B, Jo K, Yang H. Strategy for Low Background-Current Levels in the Electrochemical Biosensors Using Horse-Radish Peroxidase Labels. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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