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Tischler D, Gädke E, Eggerichs D, Gomez Baraibar A, Mügge C, Scholtissek A, Paul CE. Asymmetric Reduction of (R)-Carvone through a Thermostable and Organic-Solvent-Tolerant Ene-Reductase. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1217-1225. [PMID: 31692216 PMCID: PMC7216909 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ene‐reductases allow regio‐ and stereoselective reduction of activated C=C double bonds at the expense of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactors [NAD(P)H]. Biological NAD(P)H can be replaced by synthetic mimics to facilitate enzyme screening and process optimization. The ene‐reductase FOYE‐1, originating from an acidophilic iron oxidizer, has been described as a promising candidate and is now being explored for applied biocatalysis. Biological and synthetic nicotinamide cofactors were evaluated to fuel FOYE‐1 to produce valuable compounds. A maximum activity of (319.7±3.2) U mg−1 with NADPH or of (206.7±3.4) U mg−1 with 1‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) for the reduction of N‐methylmaleimide was observed at 30 °C. Notably, BNAH was found to be a promising reductant but exhibits poor solubility in water. Different organic solvents were therefore assayed: FOYE‐1 showed excellent performance in most systems with up to 20 vol% solvent and at temperatures up to 40 °C. Purification and application strategies were evaluated on a small scale to optimize the process. Finally, a 200 mL biotransformation of 750 mg (R)‐carvone afforded 495 mg of (2R,5R)‐dihydrocarvone (>95 % ee), demonstrating the simplicity of handling and application of FOYE‐1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Tischler
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eric Gädke
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.,Environmental Microbiology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Eggerichs
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alvaro Gomez Baraibar
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carolin Mügge
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anika Scholtissek
- Environmental Microbiology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.,Present address: BRAIN AG, Darmstädter Strasse 34, 64673, Zwingenberg, Germany
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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Abstract
In the last decade many molecular machines with controlled molecular motions have been synthesized. In the present review chapter we will present and discuss our contribution to the field, in particular through some examples of rotating molecular machines that have been designed, synthesized, and studied in our group. After starting by explaining why it is so important to study such machines as single molecules, we will focus on two families of molecular machines, nanovehicles and molecular motors. The first members of the nanovehicle family are molecules with two triptycenes as wheels: the axle and the wheelbarrow. Then come the four-wheel nanocars. Since triptycene wheels are not very mobile on metallic surfaces, alternative wheels with a bowl-shape structure have also been synthesized and studied on surfaces. The molecular motors are built around ruthenium organometallic centers and have a piano-stool geometry with peripheric ferrocenyl groups.
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Goretti M, Turchetti B, Cramarossa MR, Forti L, Buzzini P. Production of flavours and fragrances via bioreduction of (4R)-(-)-carvone and (1R)-(-)-myrtenal by non-conventional yeast whole-cells. Molecules 2013; 18:5736-48. [PMID: 23681058 PMCID: PMC6270020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of a program aiming at the selection of yeast strains which might be of interest as sources of natural flavours and fragrances, the bioreduction of (4R)-(-)-carvone and (1R)-(-)-myrtenal by whole-cells of non-conventional yeasts (NCYs) belonging to the genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Hanseniaspora, Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, Lindnera, Nakaseomyces, Vanderwaltozyma and Wickerhamomyces was studied. Volatiles produced were sampled by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and the compounds were analysed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Yields (expressed as % of biotransformation) varied in dependence of the strain. The reduction of both (4R)-(-)-carvone and (1R)-(-)-myrtenal were catalyzed by some ene-reductases (ERs) and/or carbonyl reductases (CRs), which determined the formation of (1R,4R)-dihydrocarvone and (1R)-myrtenol respectively, as main flavouring products. The potential of NCYs as novel whole-cell biocatalysts for selective biotransformation of electron-poor alkenes for producing flavours and fragrances of industrial interest is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Goretti
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia 06121, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.); (B.T.)
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia 06121, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.); (B.T.)
| | - Maria Rita Cramarossa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 183, Modena 41125, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Luca Forti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 183, Modena 41125, Italy; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mails: (L.F.); (P.B.); Tel.: +39-059-2055110 (L.F.); Fax: +39-059-373543 (L.F.); Tel.: +39-075-5856455 (P.B.); Fax: +39-075-5856470 (P.B.)
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia 06121, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.); (B.T.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mails: (L.F.); (P.B.); Tel.: +39-059-2055110 (L.F.); Fax: +39-059-373543 (L.F.); Tel.: +39-075-5856455 (P.B.); Fax: +39-075-5856470 (P.B.)
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Winkler CK, Tasnádi G, Clay D, Hall M, Faber K. Asymmetric bioreduction of activated alkenes to industrially relevant optically active compounds. J Biotechnol 2012; 162:381-9. [PMID: 22498437 PMCID: PMC3521962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ene-reductases from the ‘Old Yellow Enzyme’ family of flavoproteins catalyze the asymmetric reduction of various α,β-unsaturated compounds at the expense of a nicotinamide cofactor. They have been applied to the synthesis of valuable enantiopure products, including chiral building blocks with broad industrial applications, terpenoids, amino acid derivatives and fragrances. The combination of these highly stereoselective biocatalysts with a cofactor recycling system has allowed the development of cost-effective methods for the generation of optically active molecules, which is strengthened by the availability of stereo-complementary enzyme homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph K Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Strakova I, Kumpiņa I, Rjabovs V, Lugiņina J, Belyakov S, Turks M. Resolution, absolute configuration, and synthetic transformations of 7-amino-tetrahydroindazolones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Desrochers PJ, Besel BM, Corken AL, Evanov JR, Hamilton AL, Nutt DL, Tarkka RM. Immobilized boron-centered heteroscorpionates: heterocycle metathesis and coordination chemistry. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1931-41. [PMID: 21188979 DOI: 10.1021/ic102392x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of a resin-supported boron-scorpionate ligand and its nickel(II) coordination complexes are reported. The supported ligand is prepared as its potassium salt, making it a general reagent suitable for chelation of any transition metal ion. Resin-immobilized benzotriazole (Bead-btz) reacted cleanly with KTp* (Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) by heterocycle metathesis in warm dimethylformamide (DMF) to yield bead-Tp'K, {resin-btz(H)B(pz*)(2)}K. Significantly, bead-Tp'K readily bound nickel(II) from simple salts with minimal leaching of the nickel ion. Bead-Tp'NiNO(3) reacts further with cysteine thiolate (ethyl ester), imparting the deep green color to the beads characteristic of a Tp(R)NiCysEt coordination sphere. Bead-Tp'NiCysEt exhibited an oxygen sensitivity similar to Tp*NiCysEt in solution (Inorg. Chem. 1999, p 5690) and also independently verified for a selenocystamine analogue, Tp*NiSeCysAm. Addition of fresh cysteine thiolate ethyl ester to oxidized bead-Tp'NiCysEt reproduced the original green color. Heterocycle metathesis was also used to prepare KTp' as a white solid. Reaction with nickel(II) gave (Tp')(2)Ni, separable into two different isomers. The air-sensitive molybdenum(0) complex, [PPh(4)][Tp'Mo(CO)(3)], was also prepared and the C(s) complex symmetry demonstrated by infrared and (13)C NMR spectroscopies. Immobilized TpmMo(CO)(3) was prepared from the previously reported resin-supported tris(pyrazolyl)methane. In contrast to its weak coordination of nickel(II) (Inorg. Chem. 2009, p 3535), bead-Tpm proved a strong chelate toward this second row metal. The supported scorpionates described here should find use in studies of selective metal-protein binding, metalloprotein modeling, and heterogeneous catalysis, and render such scorpionate applications amenable to combinatorial methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Desrochers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035, USA.
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Jacquot de Rouville HP, Villenave D, Rapenne G. Synthesis of a photoswitchable azobenzene-functionalized tris(indazol-1-yl) borate ligand and its ruthenium(II) cyclopentadienide complex. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rapenne G. Synthesis of substituted indazoles and their corresponding tris(indazolyl)borate tripodal ligands as key building blocks for molecular motors. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vives G, de Rouville HPJ, Carella A, Launay JP, Rapenne G. Prototypes of molecular motors based on star-shaped organometallic ruthenium complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:1551-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b804684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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