Incorporation of Pyrazine and Bipyridine Linkers with High-Spin Fe(II) and Co(II) in a Metal-Organic Framework

A series of isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of the formula M(BDC)(L) (M = Fe(II) or Co(II), BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, L = pyrazine (pyz) or 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy)) has been synthesized and characterized by N₂ gas uptake measurements, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, magnetometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. These studies indicate the formation of a permanently porous solid with high-spin Fe(II) and Co(II) centers that are weakly coupled, consistent with first-principles density functional theory calculations. This family of materials represents unusual examples of paramagnetic metal centers coordinated by linkers capable of mediating magnetic or electronic coupling in a porous framework. While only weak interactions are observed, the rigid 3D framework of the MOF dramatically impacts the properties of these materials when compared with close structural analogues.

Towards a better understanding of honeycomb alternating magnetic networks

The honeycomb mixed-ligand complex {[Co₂(bpm)(ox)₂]_n·5nH₂O} was prepared and magneto-structurally characterized. The values of the antiferromagnetic interactions through bpm (J_bpm= −5.0 cm⁻¹) and ox (J_ox= −11.1 cm⁻¹) ligands obtained by fit were suported by DFT type calculations.

Ferromagnetic coupling and spin canting behaviour in heterobimetallic Re(IV)M(II/III) (M = Co(II/III), Ni(II)) species

Three novel heterobimetallic Re(IV) compounds of formulae [ReBr(4)(μ-ox)M(4,7-Cl(2)phen)(2)]·CH(3)CN·CH(3)NO(2) [M = Co(II) (1) and Ni(II) (2)] and [ReBr(4)(ox)](3)[Co(III)(5,6-dmphen)(3)](2)·CH(3)CN·2CH(3)NO(2)·4H(2)O (3) [ox = oxalate, 4,7-Cl(2)phen = 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline and 5,6-dmphen = 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline] have been synthesised and the structures of 1 and 3 determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is an oxalato-bridged Re(IV)Co(II) heterodinuclear complex where the [ReBr(4)(ox)](2-) unit acts as a bidentate ligand towards the [Co(4,7-Cl(2)phen)(2)](2+) entity, the separation between Re(IV) and Co(II) across the oxalate being 5.482(1) Å. Compound 3 is an ionic salt whose structure is made up of [Re(IV)Br(4)(ox)](2-) anions and [Co(III)(5,6-dmphen)(3)](3+) cations plus acetonitrile, nitromethane and water as solvent molecules. The magnetic properties of 1-3 were investigated in the temperature range 1.9-300 K. Relatively large ferromagnetic interactions between Re(IV) and M(II) through the bis(bidentate) oxalato occur in 1 and 2 [J(ReM) = +11.0 (1) and +12.2 cm(-1) (2), the Hamiltonian being defined as Ĥ = -J(ReM)Ŝ(Re)·Ŝ(M)] which are explained on the basis of orbital symmetry considerations. A behaviour typical of a magnetically diluted Re(IV) complex with a large and positive value of zero-field splitting for the ground level (D(Re) = +43 cm(-1)) is observed for 3 in the high temperature range, whereas it exhibits spin canting in the low temperature domain as well as magnetic ordering below ca. 4.8 K.

Synthesis, structure and magnetism of homodinuclear complexes of Co, Ni and Cu supported by a novel bitriazine scaffold

Btzn (1), an amine-functionalized bi(1,3,5-triazine) 4,4'-(NH(2))(2)-6,6'-(NHC(6)H(5))(2)-2,2'-(1,3,5-C(3)N(3))(2), is reported, and its coordination with Co, Ni and Cu is explored. Reactions of metal salts (2 equiv) with Btzn (1 equiv) result in dimeric species [(Btzn)Co(2)(NCS)(4)(EtOH)(2)(DMF)(2)], (2), [(Btzn)Ni(2)(η(1)-ONO(2))(2)(MeOH)(4)(DMF)(2)]·2[NO(3)], (3), [(Btzn)Cu(2)Cl(4)(DMF)(2)], (4), and [(Btzn)Cu(2)(η(2)-O(2)NO)(2)(OH(2))(2)(DMF)(2)]·2[NO(3)], (5). These complexes are the first examples of the coordination of transition metals with bi(1,3,5-triazine) ligands. Their structures display a bridging bis-bidentate coordination mode for Btzn. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility of the complexes reveals antiferromagnetic exchange between the spin carriers, with calculated exchange coupling values (J) of -4.7 cm(-1) for 3, -18.2 cm(-1) for 4, and -5.5 cm(-1) for 5. An in-depth evaluation of the metal geometry highlights the inefficient overlap of the magnetic d-orbitals through the bridging ligand, most likely leading to reduced delocalization and coupling.

Europium(II) compounds: simple synthesis of a molecular complex in water and coordination polymers with 2,2'-bipyrimidine-mediated ferromagnetic interactions

Reaction between EuCl(2) and 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm) in de-oxygenated water afforded a cationic molecular complex [EuCl(bpm)(2)(H(2)O)(4)][Cl]·H(2)O (1). When performed in an organic solvent such as THF or methanol, the same reaction yielded a 3-dimensional coordination polymer of formula [EuCl(2)(bpm)(MeOH)(0.5)](∞) (2) in which both bpm and the chloride ions act as linkers between the Eu(II) ions. Upon replacing Cl(-) by I(-), two coordination polymers of formula {[Eu(bpm)(2)(H(2)O)(3)][I](2)·0.5bpm}(∞) (3) and {[Eu(I)(bpm)(MeOH)][I]}(∞) (4) were obtained from reaction in water and methanol, respectively. All these compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Investigations of the magnetic properties revealed a weak antiferromagnetic coupling in 2, while 3 and 4 showed a weak ferromagnetic coupling at low temperature.

Solution behavior of amidine complexes: an unexpected cis/trans isomerization and formation of di- and trinuclear platinum(III) and platinum(II) species

Platinum bis-amidine complexes (both the cis and trans isomers) are stable in acetone and chlorinated solvents but are unstable in protic solvents such as methanol or water. In the latter solvents an initial cis/trans isomerization leads to formation of an equilibrium mixture with a cis/trans ratio of about 1:4; subsequently a dinuclear platinum(III) complex (1) is formed under aerobic conditions while, under anaerobic conditions, a trinuclear platinum(II) compound (2) is obtained. We hypothesize that the process of isomerization and formation of polynuclear compounds (1 and 2) have a common precursor: a dinuclear platinum(II) species supported by two bridging amidinato ligands (3), formed in small yield, which can either dissociate back to monomers of cis/trans configuration or evolve in two different polynuclear species depending upon the aerobic/anaerobic conditions. In aerobic conditions, oxidation of platinum(II) to platinum(III) together with formation of two additional amidinato bridges across the two platinum centers takes place leading to compound 1. In contrast, in anaerobic conditions, oxidation of platinum is prevented and the dinuclear platinum(II) precursor remains in solution until it reacts with an extra molecule of the starting mononuclear complex which loses its two amidine ligands and cross-links the two bridging amidinato ligands of 3 to yield compound 2. This latter features two triply bridging amidinato ligands linking the three platinum units to form a pocket. Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized by means of IR and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography.