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Sato M. Structural diversity of decalin forming Diels-Alderase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:719-726. [PMID: 38758077 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction, specifically referring to the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in pericyclic reactions, is a process that forms two carbon-carbon covalent bonds in a single step via an electron ring transition state. Among the secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms, numerous compounds are biosynthesized through DA reactions, most of which are enzymatic. Our research group has discovered an enzyme named Diels-Alderase (DAase) that catalyzes the DA reaction in filamentous fungi, and we have been investigating its catalytic mechanism. This review describes the reported microbial DAase enzymes, with a particular focus on those involved in the construction of the decalin ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Sato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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2
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Jiang P, Fu X, Niu H, Chen S, Liu F, Luo Y, Zhang D, Lei H. Recent advances on Pestalotiopsis genus: chemistry, biological activities, structure-activity relationship, and biosynthesis. Arch Pharm Res 2023:10.1007/s12272-023-01453-2. [PMID: 37389739 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Strains of the fungal genus Pestalotiopsis are reported as large promising sources of structurally varied biologically active metabolites. Many bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse structural features have been derived from Pestalotiopsis. Moreover, some of these compounds can potentially be developed into lead compounds. Herein, we have systematically reviewed the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the fungal genus Pestalotiopsis, covering a period ranging from January 2016 to December 2022. As many as 307 compounds, including terpenoids, coumarins, lactones, polyketides, and alkaloids, were isolated during this period. Furthermore, for the benefit of readers, the biosynthesis and potential medicinal value of these new compounds are also discussed in this review. Finally, the perspectives and directions for future research and the potential applications of the new compounds are summarized in various tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Bernal A, Jacob S, Andresen K, Yemelin A, Hartmann H, Antelo L, Thines E. Identification of the polyketide synthase gene responsible for the synthesis of tanzawaic acids in Penicillium steckii IBWF104-06. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 164:103750. [PMID: 36379411 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have been used as biological control agents (BCAs) in agriculture for a long time, but their importance has increased dramatically over the last few years. The Penicillium steckii IBWF104-06 strain has presented strong BCA activity in greenhouse experiments performed against phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. P. steckii strains generally produce different antifungal tanzawaic acids; interesting compounds known to be catalyzed by polyketide synthetases in other fungi. Since the decalin structure is characteristic for tanzawaic acids, two polyketide synthase genes (PsPKS1 and PsPKS2) were selected for further analysis, which have similarity in sequence and gene cluster structure with genes that are known to be responsible for the biosynthesis of decalin-containing compounds. Subsequently, gene-inactivation mutants of both PsPKS1 and PsPKS2 have been generated. It was found, that the ΔPspks1 mutant cannot produce tanzawaic acids any more, whereas reintegration of the original PsPKS1 gene into the genome of ΔPspks1 reestablished tanzawaic acid production. The mutant ΔPspks2 is not altered in tanzawaic acids production. Interestingly, both mutants ΔPsPKS1 and ΔPsPKS2 still display strong BCA activity, indicating that the mechanism of action is not related to the production of tanzawaic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Bernal
- Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research gGmbH (IBWF), Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Jacob
- Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research gGmbH (IBWF), Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karsten Andresen
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Microbiology and Biotechnology at the Institute of Molecular Physiology, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Yemelin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research gGmbH (IBWF), Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Luis Antelo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research gGmbH (IBWF), Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Microbiology and Biotechnology at the Institute of Molecular Physiology, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research gGmbH (IBWF), Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Microbiology and Biotechnology at the Institute of Molecular Physiology, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Wang J, Li T, Wang P, Ding W, Xu J. Tanzawaic Acids from a Deep-Sea Derived Penicillium Species. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1218-1228. [PMID: 35420798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new tanzawaic acid derivatives, penitanzacids A-F (1-6), and G-J (9-12), and hatsusamides C-D (13-14), together with two revised structures [tanzawaic acids I-J (7-8)] and three known compounds (15-17) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium sp. KWF32. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, HRESIMS data, modified Mosher's method, chemical degradation studies, ECD calculations, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and biogenic considerations in comparison with reported known analogues. Penitanzacids H-J (10-12) represent the first examples of this family with a C3 side chain and support the proposed biosynthetic pathway in which the side chain is connected to the decalin backbone. Hatsusamides C-D (13-14) have a hybrid skeleton formed by linking a tanzawaic acid and a diketopiperazine through an ester bond. Compounds 13 and 14 exhibit weak cytotoxicity against the A549 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Institute of Marine Biology & Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiwei Li
- Institute of Marine Biology & Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinmei Wang
- Institute of Marine Biology & Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjing Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology & Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhong Xu
- Institute of Marine Biology & Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
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5
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Watanabe K, Sato M, Osada H. Recent advances in the chemo-biological characterization of decalin natural products and unraveling of the workings of Diels-Alderases. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:9. [PMID: 35488322 PMCID: PMC9055775 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Diels–Alder (DA) reaction refers to a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction that falls under the category of pericyclic reactions. It is a reaction that allows regio- and stereo-selective construction of two carbon–carbon bonds simultaneously in a concerted manner to generate a six-membered ring structure through a six-electron cyclic transition state. The DA reaction is one of the most widely applied reactions in organic synthesis, yet its role in biological systems has been debated intensely over the last four decades. A survey of secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms suggests strongly that many of the compounds possess features that are likely formed through DA reactions, and most of them are considered to be catalyzed by enzymes that are commonly referred to as Diels–Alderases (DAases). In recent years, especially over the past 10 years or so, we have seen an accumulation of a substantial body of work that substantiates the argument that DAases indeed exist and play a critical role in the biosynthesis of complex metabolites. This review will cover the DAases involved in the biosynthesis of decalin moieties, which are found in many of the medicinally important natural products, especially those produced by fungi. In particular, we will focus on a subset of secondary metabolites referred to as pyrrolidine-2-one-bearing decalin compounds and discuss the decalin ring stereochemistry and the biological activities of those compounds. We will also look into the genes and enzymes that drive the biosynthetic construction of those complex natural products, and highlight the recent progress made on the structural and mechanistic understanding of DAases, especially regarding how those enzymes exert stereochemical control over the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions they catalyze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan. .,Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Japan.
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6
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Abstract
It has been proposed that biosyntheses of many natural products involve pericyclic reactions, including Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. However, only a small set of enzymes have been proposed to catalyze pericyclic reactions. Most surprisingly, there has been no formal identification of natural enzymes that can be defined to catalyze DA reactions (DAases), despite the wide application of the reaction in chemical syntheses of complex organic compounds. However, recent studies began to accumulate a growing body of evidence that supports the notion that enzymes that formally catalyze DA reactions, in fact exist. In this review, I will begin by describing a short history behind the discovery and characterization of macrophomate synthase, one of the earliest enzymes that was proposed to catalyze an intermolecular DA reaction during the biosynthesis of a substituted benzoic acid in a phytopathogenic fungus Macrophoma commelinae. Then, I will discuss representative enzymes that have been chemically authenticated to catalyze DA reactions, with emphasis on more recent discoveries of DAases involved mainly in fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis except for one example from a marine streptomycete. The current success in identification of a series of DAases and enzymes that catalyze other pericyclic reactions owes to the combined efforts from both the experimental and theoretical approaches in discovering natural products. Such efforts typically involve identifying the chemical features derived from cycloaddition reactions, isolating the biosynthetic genes that encode enzymes that generate such chemical features and deciphering the reaction mechanisms for the enzyme-catalyzed pericyclic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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7
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Daley SK, Cordell GA. Natural Products, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and the Quintuple Helix. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211003029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The profound interconnectedness of the sciences and technologies embodied in the Fourth Industrial Revolution is discussed in terms of the global role of natural products, and how that interplays with the development of sustainable and climate-conscious practices of cyberecoethnopharmacolomics within the Quintuple Helix for the promotion of a healthier planet and society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey A. Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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9
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Lichman BR, O'Connor SE, Kries H. Biocatalytic Strategies towards [4+2] Cycloadditions. Chemistry 2019; 25:6864-6877. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Lichman
- Department of Biological Chemistry; The John Innes Centre; Colney Lane Norwich UK
- Current address: Department of Biology; University of York; York YO10 5YW UK
| | - Sarah E. O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry; The John Innes Centre; Colney Lane Norwich UK
| | - Hajo Kries
- Independent Junior Research Group, Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI Jena); Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
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10
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Abstract
Covering: up to mid of 2018 Type I fatty acid synthases (FASs) are giant multienzymes catalyzing all steps of the biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetyl- and malonyl-CoA by iterative precursor extension. Two strikingly different architectures of FAS evolved in yeast (as well as in other fungi and some bacteria) and metazoans. Yeast-type FAS (yFAS) assembles into a barrel-shaped structure of more than 2 MDa molecular weight. Catalytic domains of yFAS are embedded in an extensive scaffolding matrix and arranged around two enclosed reaction chambers. Metazoan FAS (mFAS) is a 540 kDa X-shaped dimer, with lateral reaction clefts, minimal scaffolding and pronounced conformational variability. All naturally occurring yFAS are strictly specialized for the production of saturated fatty acids. The yFAS architecture is not used for the biosynthesis of any other secondary metabolite. On the contrary, mFAS is related at the domain organization level to major classes of polyketide synthases (PKSs). PKSs produce a variety of complex and potent secondary metabolites; they either act iteratively (iPKS), or are linked via directed substrate transfer into modular assembly lines (modPKSs). Here, we review the architectures of yFAS, mFAS, and iPKSs. We rationalize the evolution of the yFAS assembly, and provide examples for re-engineering of yFAS. Recent studies have provided novel insights into the organization of iPKS. A hybrid crystallographic model of a mycocerosic acid synthase-like Pks5 yielded a comprehensive visualization of the organization and dynamics of fully-reducing iPKS. Deconstruction experiments, structural and functional studies of specialized enzymatic domains, such as the product template (PT) and the starter-unit acyltransferase (SAT) domain have revealed functional principles of non-reducing iterative PKS (NR-PKSs). Most recently, a six-domain loading region of an NR-PKS has been visualized at high-resolution together with cryo-EM studies of a trapped loading intermediate. Altogether, these data reveal the related, yet divergent architectures of mFAS, iPKS and also modPKSs. The new insights highlight extensive dynamics, and conformational coupling as key features of mFAS and iPKS and are an important step towards collection of a comprehensive series of snapshots of PKS action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A Herbst
- Department Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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11
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Quijano-Quiñones RF, Castro-Segura CS, Mena-Rejón GJ, Quesadas-Rojas M, Cáceres-Castillo D. Biosynthesis of Grandione: An Example of Tandem Hetero Diels-Alder/Retro-Claisen Rearrangement Reaction? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102505. [PMID: 30274324 PMCID: PMC6222908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic theoretical studies about the feasibility of the traditional proposed mechanism of formation for icetexane diterpene dimer grandione were assessed using density functional method at the M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. Bulk water solvent effects were taken into account implicitly using the polarizable continuum model (SCI-PCM). The results were compared with the selectivity found in the biomimetic synthesis performed by experimental research groups. The relative free energy calculation shows that the one-step H-DA formation mechanism nominated in the literature is not a viable mechanism. We found that an alternative competing Tandem pathway is consistent with the experimental trends. Thus, our results suggested that the compound grandione is formed via a H-DA/retro-Claisen rearrangement and not by the traditional H-DA mechanism proposed early in the experimental studies. The H-DA initial step produce a biecyclic adduct followed by a domino retro-Claisen rearrangement that releases the energy strain of the bicyclic intermediary. Steric issues and hyperconjugation interactions are the mainly factors driving the reaction nature and the selectivity in the formation reaction. Finally, the enzymatic assistance for dimer formation was analyzed in terms of the calculated transition state energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gonzalo J Mena-Rejón
- Chemistry Faculty, Autonomous University of Yucatan, 97069 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Li X, Zheng Q, Yin J, Liu W, Gao S. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of equisetin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:4695-4697. [PMID: 28401214 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01929g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We here report that the biosynthesis of equisetin, a fungal tetramate natural product with potent anti-infectious activity, relies on Fsa2, a Diels-Alderase that constructs the trans-decalin system of the molecule in a stereo-selective manner. This finding led to the development of a concise chemo-enzymatic route toward the synthesis of equisetin, which involves facile preparation of a linear polyene precursor via 7-steps and Fsa2 activity for equisetin maturation through an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, thus exemplifying the significance of the combination of chemical and biological methods to achieve structurally complex cyclic natural products and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Abstract
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The enzyme SpnF, involved in the
biosynthesis of spinosyn A, catalyzes
a formal [4+2] cycloaddition of a 22-membered macrolactone, which
may proceed as a concerted [4+2] Diels–Alder reaction or a
stepwise [6+4] cycloaddition followed by a Cope rearrangement. Quantum
mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations combined with free
energy simulations show that the Diels–Alder pathway is favored
in the enzyme environment. OM2/CHARMM free energy simulations for
the SpnF-catalyzed reaction predict a free energy barrier of 22 kcal/mol
for the concerted Diels–Alder process and provide no evidence
of a competitive stepwise pathway. Compared with the gas phase, the
enzyme lowers the Diels–Alder barrier significantly, consistent
with experimental observations. Inspection of the optimized geometries
indicates that the enzyme may prearrange the substrate within the
active site to accelerate the [4+2] cycloaddition and impede the [6+4]
cycloaddition through interactions with active-site residues. Judging
from partial charge analysis, we find that the hydrogen bond between
the Thr196 residue of SpnF and the substrate C15 carbonyl group contributes
to the enhancement of the rate of the Diels–Alder reaction.
QM/MM simulations show that the substrate can easily adopt a reactive
conformation in the active site of SpnF because interconversion between
the C5–C6 s-trans and s-cis conformers is facile. Our QM/MM study suggests that the enzyme SpnF
does behave as a Diels-Alderase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zheng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Genome editing approaches: manipulating of lovastatin and taxol synthesis of filamentous fungi by CRISPR/Cas9 system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3953-3976. [PMID: 28389711 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are prolific repertoire of structurally diverse secondary metabolites of remarkable biological activities such as lovastatin and paclitaxel that have been approved by FDA as drugs for hypercholesterolemia and cancer treatment. The clusters of genes encoding lovastatin and paclitaxel are cryptic at standard laboratory cultural conditions (Kennedy et al. Science 284:1368-1372, 1999; Bergmann et al. Nature Chem Biol 3:213-217, 2007). The expression of these genes might be triggered in response to nutritional and physical conditions; nevertheless, the overall yield of these metabolites does not match the global need. Consequently, overexpression of the downstream limiting enzymes and/or blocking the competing metabolic pathways of these metabolites could be the most successful technologies to enhance their yield. This is the first review summarizing the different strategies implemented for fungal genome editing, molecular regulatory mechanisms, and prospective of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 system in metabolic engineering of fungi to improve their yield of lovastatin and taxol to industrial scale. Thus, elucidating the putative metabolic pathways in fungi for overproduction of lovastatin and taxol was the ultimate objective of this review.
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15
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Lin CI, McCarty RM, Liu HW. The Enzymology of Organic Transformations: A Survey of Name Reactions in Biological Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3446-3489. [PMID: 27505692 PMCID: PMC5477795 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactions that are named in honor of their true, or at least perceived, discoverers are known as "name reactions". This Review is a collection of biological representatives of named chemical reactions. Emphasis is placed on reaction types and catalytic mechanisms that showcase both the chemical diversity in natural product biosynthesis as well as the parallels with synthetic organic chemistry. An attempt has been made, whenever possible, to describe the enzymatic mechanisms of catalysis within the context of their synthetic counterparts and to discuss the mechanistic hypotheses for those reactions that are currently active areas of investigation. This Review has been categorized by reaction type, for example condensation, nucleophilic addition, reduction and oxidation, substitution, carboxylation, radical-mediated, and rearrangements, which are subdivided by name reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-I Lin
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78731, USA
| | - Reid M McCarty
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78731, USA
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78731, USA
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16
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Lin C, McCarty RM, Liu H. Die Enzymologie organischer Umwandlungen: Namensreaktionen in biologischen Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐I. Lin
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78731 USA
| | - Reid M. McCarty
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78731 USA
| | - Hung‐wen Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78731 USA
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17
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Droce A, Saei W, Jørgensen SH, Wimmer R, Giese H, Wollenberg RD, Sondergaard TE, Sørensen JL. Functional Analysis of the Fusarielin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121710. [PMID: 27983606 PMCID: PMC6274466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarielins are polyketides with a decalin core produced by various species of Aspergillus and Fusarium. Although the responsible gene cluster has been identified, the biosynthetic pathway remains to be elucidated. In the present study, members of the gene cluster were deleted individually in a Fusarium graminearum strain overexpressing the local transcription factor. The results suggest that a trans-acting enoyl reductase (FSL5) assists the polyketide synthase FSL1 in biosynthesis of a polyketide product, which is released by hydrolysis by a trans-acting thioesterase (FSL2). Deletion of the epimerase (FSL3) resulted in accumulation of an unstable compound, which could be the released product. A novel compound, named prefusarielin, accumulated in the deletion mutant of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase FSL4. Unlike the known fusarielins from Fusarium, this compound does not contain oxygenized decalin rings, suggesting that FSL4 is responsible for the oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Droce
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Wagma Saei
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Simon Hartung Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Henriette Giese
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Dam Wollenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Teis Esben Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
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18
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Abstract
[4 + 2]-Cycloadditions are increasingly being recognized in the biosynthetic pathways of many structurally complex natural products. A relatively small collection of enzymes from these pathways have been demonstrated to increase rates of cyclization and impose stereochemical constraints on the reactions. While mechanistic investigation of these enzymes is just beginning, recent studies have provided new insights with implications for understanding their biosynthetic roles, mechanisms of catalysis, and evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Sun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Shao-An Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mark W Ruszczycky
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Hashimoto T, Kuzuyama T. Mechanistic insights into Diels-Alder reactions in natural product biosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 35:117-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Liu L, Han Y, Xiao J, Li L, Guo L, Jiang X, Kong L, Che Y. Chlorotheolides A and B, Spiroketals Generated via Diels-Alder Reactions in the Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis theae. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2616-2623. [PMID: 27731995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorotheolides A (1) and B (2), two new spiroketals possessing the unique [4,7]methanochromene and dispiro-trione skeletons, respectively, and their putative biosynthetic precursors, 1-undecen-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (3) and maldoxin (4), were isolated from the solid substrate fermentation of the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis theae (N635). Their structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Biogenetically, compounds 1 and 2 could be generated from the co-isolated 3 and 4 via Diels-Alder reactions. Chlorotheolide (2) showed an antiproliferative effect against the human tumor cell line HeLa and induced an autophagic process in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangdong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
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21
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Tantillo DJ. Does Nature Know Best? Pericyclic Reactions in the Daphniphyllum Alkaloid-Forming Cation Cascade. Org Lett 2016; 18:4482-4. [PMID: 27559932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heathcock's classic cyclization/rearrangement cascade for formation of Daphniphyllum alkaloids is subjected to analysis using density functional theory calculations. The results of these calculations are consistent with a two-step pathway involving two pericyclic reactions, a Diels-Alder cycloaddition and an ene reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
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22
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Liu J, Bedell TA, West JG, Sorensen EJ. Design and Synthesis of Molecular Scaffolds with Anti-infective Activity. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:3579-3592. [PMID: 27284210 PMCID: PMC4894353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Aaron Bedell
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Julian G. West
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Erik J. Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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23
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Pang B, Wang M, Liu W. Cyclization of polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides on and off their assembly lines. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:162-73. [PMID: 26604034 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are multifunctional megaenzymes that serve as templates to program the assembly of short carboxylic acids and amino acids in a primarily co-linear manner. The variation, combination, permutation and evolution of their functional units (e.g., modules, domains and proteins) along with their association with external enzymes have resulted in the generation of numerous versions of templates, the roles of which have not been fully recognized in the structural diversification of polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides and their hybrids present in nature. In this Highlight, we focus on the assembly-line enzymology and associated chemistry by providing examples of some newly characterized cyclization reactions that occur on and off the assembly lines during and after chain elongation for the purpose of elucidating the template effects of PKSs and NRPSs. A fundamental understanding of the underlying biosynthetic logic would facilitate the elucidation of chemical information contained within the PKS or NRPS templates and benefit the development of strategies for genome mining, biosynthesis-inspired chemical synthesis and combinatorial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China. and Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation, 1366 Hongfeng Road, Huzhou 313000, China
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24
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Byrne MJ, Lees NR, Han LC, van der Kamp MW, Mulholland AJ, Stach JEM, Willis CL, Race PR. The Catalytic Mechanism of a Natural Diels–Alderase Revealed in Molecular Detail. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6095-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Byrne
- School
of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio
Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Lees
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Li-Chen Han
- BrisSynBio
Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Marc W. van der Kamp
- School
of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio
Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Mulholland
- BrisSynBio
Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - James E. M. Stach
- School
of Biology, Newcastle University, Ridley Building, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Synthetic Biology and the Bioeconomy, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Christine L. Willis
- BrisSynBio
Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Race
- School
of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio
Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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25
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Klas K, Tsukamoto S, Sherman DH, Williams RM. Natural Diels-Alderases: Elusive and Irresistable. J Org Chem 2016; 80:11672-85. [PMID: 26495876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eight examples of biosynthetic pathways wherein a natural enzyme has been identified and claimed to function as a catalyst for the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, namely, Diels-Alderases, are briefly reviewed. These are discussed in the context of the mechanistic challenges associated with the technical difficulty of proving that the net formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition under study indeed proceeds through a synchronous mechanism and that the putative biosynthetic enzyme deploys the pericyclic transition state required for a Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Klas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States
| | - Sachiko Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - David H Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, and Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert M Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States.,University of Colorado Cancer Center , Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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26
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Patel A, Chen Z, Yang Z, Gutiérrez O, Liu HW, Houk KN, Singleton DA. Dynamically Complex [6+4] and [4+2] Cycloadditions in the Biosynthesis of Spinosyn A. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3631-4. [PMID: 26909570 PMCID: PMC5367884 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SpnF, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of spinosyn A, catalyzes a transannular Diels-Alder reaction. Quantum mechanical computations and dynamic simulations now show that this cycloaddition is not well described as either a concerted or stepwise process, and dynamical effects influence the identity and timing of bond formation. The transition state for the reaction is ambimodal and leads directly to both the observed Diels-Alder and an unobserved [6+4] cycloadduct. The potential energy surface bifurcates and the cycloadditions occur by dynamically stepwise modes featuring an "entropic intermediate". A rapid Cope rearrangement converts the [6+4] adduct into the observed [4+2] adduct. Control of nonstatistical dynamical effects may serve as another way by which enzymes control reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashay Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Hung-wen Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Daniel A. Singleton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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27
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Pang B, Zhong G, Tang Z, Liu W. Enzymatic [4+2] Cycloadditions in the Biosynthesis of Spirotetramates and Spirotetronates. Methods Enzymol 2016; 575:39-63. [PMID: 27417924 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction is a quintessential type of [4+2] cycloaddition that remains one of the most intriguing transformations in synthetic chemistry. This reaction has long been envisaged to participate in the biosynthesis of a number of cyclohexene-containing natural products, although the question of whether a bona fide Diels-Alderase exists remains unsolved. In nature, there are remarkably few enzymes known to have the activity of [4+2] cycloaddition. These enzymes are phylogenetically distinct and are often classified according to the specific chemical structures. The variation of protein ancestors and in many cases the instability/complexity of the substrates and products pose a significant challenge in identification of the [4+2] cycloaddition catalysts using general homology-based mining approaches. We here provide the detailed description of the multiple comparison-based strategy and methods for the characterization of two distinct types of dedicated [4+2] cyclases (eg, PyrE3 and PyrI4) in the biosynthesis of spirotetramates and spirotetronates, where they act in tandem for coordinated cross-bridging of a linear polyene intermediate into a enantiomerically pure pentacyclic core. The search of new protein scaffolds with the [4+2] cycloaddition activity could enrich the pool of the candidates for mechanistic examination of a true enzymatic Diels-Alder reaction. The protocols presented in this study would also be applicable to the study of other functionally similar but phylogenetically different proteins, eg, the spiroketal cyclases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - G Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Z Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - W Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China; Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation, Huzhou, PR China.
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28
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29
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Zhang J, Liu L, Wang B, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu X, Che Y. Phomanolides A and B from the Fungus Phoma sp.: Meroterpenoids Derived from a Putative Tropolonic Sesquiterpene via Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:3058-3066. [PMID: 26651221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phomanolides A (1) and B (2), unique meroterpenoids with new pentacyclic and tetracyclic skeletons, respectively, and phomanoxide (3), the double-epoxidation product of a putative biosynthetic precursor of 1 and 2, were isolated from the solid substrate fermentation cultures of the fungus Phoma sp., along with the known compound eupenifeldin (4). The structures of 1-3 were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism calculations and further secured by X-ray crystallography. Biogenetically, compounds 1 and 2 could be derived from a hypothetical monotropolonic sesquiterpene intermediate via hetero-Diels-Alder reactions. Compound 4 showed potent antiproliferative effects against three human glioma cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.08-0.13 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
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30
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Świderek K, Moliner V. Computational Studies of Candida Antarctica Lipase B to Test Its Capability as a Starting Point To Redesign New Diels-Alderases. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:2053-70. [PMID: 26624234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The design of new biocatalysts is a target that is receiving increasing attention. One of the most popular reactions in this regard is the Diels-Alder cycloaddition because of its applications in organic synthesis and the absence of efficient natural enzymes that catalyze it. In this paper, the possibilities of using the highly promiscuous Candida Antarctica lipase B as a protein scaffold to redesign a Diels-Alderase has been explored by means of theoretical quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulations. Free energy surfaces have been computed for two reactions in the wild-type and in several mutants with hybrid AM1/MM potentials with corrections at M06-2X/MM level. The study of the counterpart reactions in solution has allowed performing comparative analysis that render interesting conclusions. Since the dienophile anchors very well in the oxyanion hole of all tested protein variants, the slight electronic changes from reactant complex to the transition state suggest that mutations should be focused in favoring the formation of reactive conformations of a reactant complex that, in turn, would reduce the energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Świderek
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , 90-924 Lodz, Poland.,Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universitat Jaume I , 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universitat Jaume I , 12071 Castellón, Spain
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31
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Ferreira ELF, Williams DE, Ióca LP, Morais-Urano RP, Santos MFC, Patrick BO, Elias LM, Lira SP, Ferreira AG, Passarini MRZ, Sette LD, Andersen RJ, Berlinck RGS. Structure and Biogenesis of Roussoellatide, a Dichlorinated Polyketide from the Marine-Derived Fungus Roussoella sp. DLM33. Org Lett 2015; 17:5152-5. [PMID: 26444492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the fungal metabolite roussoellatide (1) has been established by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses. Results from feeding experiments with [1-(13)C]acetate, [2-(13)C]acetate, and [1,2-(13)C]acetate were consistent with a biosynthetic pathway to the unprecedented skeleton of 1 involving Favorskii rearrangements in separate pentaketides, subsequently joined via an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton L F Ferreira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - David E Williams
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel P Morais-Urano
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario F C Santos
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Luciana M Elias
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 9, Agronomia, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone P Lira
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 9, Agronomia, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel R Z Passarini
- Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , CEP 13140-000, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara D Sette
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" , 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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32
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Świderek K, Tuñón I, Moliner V, Bertran J. Computational strategies for the design of new enzymatic functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 582:68-79. [PMID: 25797438 PMCID: PMC4554825 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, recent developments in the design of biocatalysts are reviewed with particular emphasis in the de novo strategy. Studies based on three different reactions, Kemp elimination, Diels-Alder and Retro-Aldolase, are used to illustrate different success achieved during the last years. Finally, a section is devoted to the particular case of designed metalloenzymes. As a general conclusion, the interplay between new and more sophisticated engineering protocols and computational methods, based on molecular dynamics simulations with Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics potentials and fully flexible models, seems to constitute the bed rock for present and future successful design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Świderek
- Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjasot, Spain; Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - I Tuñón
- Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjasot, Spain
| | - V Moliner
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - J Bertran
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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33
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Healy AR, Westwood NJ. Synthetic studies on the bioactive tetramic acid JBIR-22 using a late stage Diels-Alder reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10527-31. [PMID: 26337398 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01771h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A late stage Diels-Alder reaction is used to prepare a mixture of JBIR-22, a natural product from the Equisetin family of tetramic acids, and one of its diastereomers. This is achieved in just 8 steps from pyruvate. The success of the late stage DA approach is discussed in the context of the biosynthesis of JBIR-22 (and perhaps related natural products).
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Healy
- School of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews & EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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34
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Watanabe K. Effective use of heterologous hosts for characterization of biosynthetic enzymes allows production of natural products and promotes new natural product discovery. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 62:1153-65. [PMID: 25450623 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been impressive progress in elucidating the mechanism of biosynthesis of various natural products accomplished through the use of genetic, molecular biological and biochemical techniques. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the current results from our studies on fungal natural product biosynthetic enzymes, including nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase hybrid synthetase, as well as auxiliary enzymes, such as methyltransferases and oxygenases. Specifically, biosynthesis of the following compounds is described in detail: (i) Sch210972, potentially involving a Diels-Alder reaction that may be catalyzed by CghA, a functionally unknown protein identified by targeted gene disruption in the wild type fungus; (ii) chaetoglobosin A, formed via multi-step oxidations catalyzed by three redox enzymes, one flavin-containing monooxygenase and two cytochrome P450 oxygenases as characterized by in vivo biotransformation of relevant intermediates in our engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae; (iii) (-)-ditryptophenaline, formed by a cytochrome P450, revealing the dimerization mechanism for the biosynthesis of diketopiperazine alkaloids; (iv) pseurotins, whose variations in the C- and O-methylations and the degree of oxidation are introduced combinatorially by multiple redox enzymes; and (v) spirotryprostatins, whose spiro-carbon moiety is formed by a flavin-containing monooxygenase or a cytochrome P450 as determined by heterologous de novo production of the biosynthetic intermediates and final products in Aspergillus niger. We close our discussion by summarizing some of the key techniques that have facilitated the discovery of new natural products, production of their analogs and identification of biosynthetic mechanisms in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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35
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Cardoso-Martínez F, de la Rosa JM, Díaz-Marrero AR, Darias J, Cerella C, Diederich M, Cueto M. Tanzawaic acids isolated from a marine-derived fungus of the genus Penicillium with cytotoxic activities. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7248-56. [PMID: 26055397 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tanzawaic acids M (1), N (2), O (3) and P (4) and the known tanzawaic acids B (5) and E (6), have been isolated from an extract of a cultured marine-derived fungus (strain CF07370) identified as a member of the genus Penicillium. The structures of 1-4 were determined based on spectroscopic evidence. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-6 were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faviola Cardoso-Martínez
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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36
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Li G, Kusari S, Spiteller M. Natural products containing 'decalin' motif in microorganisms. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 31:1175-201. [PMID: 24984916 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are well-known producers of a wide variety of bioactive compounds that are utilized not only for their primary metabolism but also for other purposes such as defense, detoxification, or communication with other micro- and macro-organisms. Natural products containing a 'decalin ring' occur often in microorganisms. They exhibit diverse and remarkable biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer and immunosuppressive activities, to name a few. This review surveys the natural decalin-type compounds that have been isolated from microorganisms, with emphasis on both chemical and biological implications. Total syntheses of some important decalin moiety-containing natural products are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str.6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
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37
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Computational study of a model system of enzyme-mediated [4+2] cycloaddition reaction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119984. [PMID: 25853669 PMCID: PMC4390235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible mechanistic pathway related to an enzyme-catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition reac-tion was studied by theoretical calculations at density functional (B3LYP, O3LYP, M062X) and semiempirical levels (PM6-DH2, PM6) performed on a model system. The calculations were carried out for the key [4+2] cycloaddition step considering enzyme-catalyzed biosynthesis of Spinosyn A in a model reaction, where a reliable example of a biological Diels-Alder reaction was reported experimentally. In the present study it was demonstrated that the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction may benefit from moving along the energetically balanced reaction coordinate, which enabled the catalytic rate enhancement of the [4+2] cycloaddition pathway involving a single transition state. Modeling of such a system with coordination of three amino acids indicated a reliable decrease of activation energy by ~18.0 kcal/mol as compared to a non-catalytic transformation.
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38
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Wever WJ, Bogart JW, Baccile JA, Chan AN, Schroeder FC, Bowers AA. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of thiazolyl peptide natural products featuring an enzyme-catalyzed formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3494-7. [PMID: 25742119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiocillins from Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 are members of the well-known thiazolyl peptide class of natural product antibiotics, the biosynthesis of which has recently been shown to proceed via post-translational modification of ribosomally encoded precursor peptides. It has long been hypothesized that the final step of thiazolyl peptide biosynthesis involves a formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition between two dehydroalanines, a unique transformation that had eluded enzymatic characterization. Here we demonstrate that TclM, a single enzyme from the thiocillin biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes this transformation. To facilitate characterization of this new class of enzyme, we have developed a combined chemical and biological route to the complex peptide substrate, relying on chemical synthesis of a modified C-terminal fragment and coupling to a 38-residue leader peptide by means of native chemical ligation (NCL). This strategy, combined with active enzyme, provides a new chemoenzymatic route to this promising class of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Wever
- †Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jonathan W Bogart
- †Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joshua A Baccile
- ‡Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrew N Chan
- §Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- ‡Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Albert A Bowers
- †Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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39
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An enzymatic [4+2] cyclization cascade creates the pentacyclic core of pyrroindomycins. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:259-65. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Sprague D, Nugent BM, Yoder RA, Vara BA, Johnston JN. Adaptation of a small-molecule hydrogen-bond donor catalyst to an enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reaction hypothesized for brevianamide biosynthesis. Org Lett 2015; 17:880-3. [PMID: 25697748 PMCID: PMC4339957 DOI: 10.1021/ol503626w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral diamine-derived hydrogen-bond donors were evaluated for their ability to effect stereocontrol in an intramolecular hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) reaction hypothesized in the biosynthesis of brevianamides A and B. Collectively, these results provide proof of principle that small-molecule hydrogen-bond catalysis, if even based on a hypothetical biosynthesis construct, holds significant potential within enantioselective natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
J. Sprague
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Nugent
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ryan A. Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Brandon A. Vara
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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41
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New emerging bio-catalysts design in biotransformations. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:605-13. [PMID: 25560932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of new and successful biotransformation processes of key interest in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry involves creating new biocatalysts with improved or even new activities and selectivities. This review emphasizes the new emerging developed strategies to achieve this goal, site-selective chemical modification of enzymes using tailor-made peptides, specific insertion of metals or organometallic complexes into proteins producing bio-catalysts with multiple activities and computational design for creating evolved artificial enzymes with non-natural synthetic catalytic activities.
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42
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Jadulco R, Koch M, Kakule T, Schmidt EW, Orendt A, He H, Janso JE, Carter GT, Larson EC, Pond C, Matainaho T, Barrows LR. Isolation of pyrrolocins A-C: cis- and trans-decalin tetramic acid antibiotics from an endophytic fungal-derived pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2537-2544. [PMID: 25351193 PMCID: PMC4251065 DOI: 10.1021/np500617u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Three new decalin-type tetramic acid analogues, pyrrolocins A (1), B (2), and C (3), were defined as products of a metabolic pathway from a fern endophyte, NRRL 50135, from Papua New Guinea. NRRL 50135 initially produced 1 but ceased its production before chemical or biological evaluation could be completed. Upon transfer of the biosynthetic pathway to a model host, 1-3 were produced. All three compounds are structurally related to equisetin-type compounds, with 1 and 3 having a trans-decalin ring system, while 2 has a cis-fused decalin. All were active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the trans-decalin analogues 1 and 3 exhibiting lower MICs than the cis-decalin analogue 2. Here we report the isolation, structure elucidation, and antimycobacterial activities of 1-3 from the recombinant expression as well as the isolation of 1 from the wild-type fungus NRRL 50135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel
C. Jadulco
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Thomas
B. Kakule
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Anita Orendt
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Haiyin He
- Natural
Products − Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Janso
- Natural
Products − Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Guy T. Carter
- Carter-Bernan
Consulting, 350 Phillips
Hill Road, New City, New
York 10956, United
States
| | - Erica C. Larson
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Christopher Pond
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Teatulohi
K. Matainaho
- School
of Medicine and Health Sciences, University
of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea
| | - Louis R. Barrows
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
- School
of Medicine and Health Sciences, University
of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea
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Tadano KI. Our recent progress on the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction approach in natural products synthesis: synthetic studies of the octahydronaphthalene substructure of versipelostatins and the A/B/C-tricyclic substructure of GKK1032s. CHEM REC 2014; 14:623-40. [PMID: 25049071 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During this decade, the enantio- and stereoselective synthesis of natural products has been actively explored in the author's laboratory. In this account, the author outlines practical syntheses of the polycyclic substructures of two novel structurally formidable antibiotics, namely, the trans-fused octahydronaphthalene moiety of versipelostatins and the A/B/C-tricyclic decahydrofluorene moiety of GKK1032s. Both syntheses have been achieved with remarkable regio- and stereoselectivity via intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions using well-designed enantiomeric substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Ichi Tadano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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45
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Vieweg L, Reichau S, Schobert R, Leadlay PF, Süssmuth RD. Recent advances in the field of bioactive tetronates. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1554-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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47
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Griffith DR, Botta L, St Denis TG, Snyder SA. Explorations of caffeic acid derivatives: total syntheses of rufescenolide, yunnaneic acids C and D, and studies toward yunnaneic acids A and B. J Org Chem 2013; 79:88-105. [PMID: 24328186 DOI: 10.1021/jo4023167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Yunnaneic acids A-D, isolated from the roots of Salvia yunnanensis , are hexameric (A and B) and trimeric (C and D) assemblies of caffeic acid that feature an array of synthetically challenging and structurally interesting domains. In addition to being caffeic acid oligomers, yunnaneic acids A and B are formally dimeric and heterodimeric adducts of yunnaneic acids C and D. Herein we report the first total syntheses of yunnaneic acids C and D featuring the formation of their bicyclo[2.2.2]octene cores in a single step from simple precursors via an oxidative dearomatization/Diels-Alder cascade that may have biogenetic relevance. In addition, exploitation of the key intermediate resulting from this cascade reaction has enabled rapid access to the structurally related caffeic acid metabolite rufescenolide through an unexpected Lewis acid-mediated reduction. Finally, we report the results of extensive model studies toward forming the dimeric yunnaneic acids A and B. These explorations indicate that the innate reactivities of the monomeric fragments do not favor spontaneous formation of the desired dimeric linkages. Consequently, enzymatic involvement may be required for the biosynthesis of these more complex family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
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48
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Painter PP, Pemberton RP, Wong BM, Ho KC, Tantillo DJ. The Viability of Nitrone–Alkene (3 + 2) Cycloadditions in Alkaloid Biosynthesis. J Org Chem 2013; 79:432-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402487d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P. Painter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ryan P. Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bonnie M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Krystina C. Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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49
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Li XW, Ear A, Nay B. Hirsutellones and beyond: figuring out the biological and synthetic logics toward chemical complexity in fungal PKS-NRPS compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:765-82. [PMID: 23640165 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to early 2013. Fungal polyketides and their hybrid non ribosomal peptide derivatives are characterized by often striking structural features and biological activities. Their diversity and their complexity arise from highly organized and programmable biosynthetic pathways and have been challenged by many synthetic chemists. This review will conceptually illustrate how complexity can be generated, starting from a general biosynthetic purpose (the fundaments of PKS-NRPS assembly lines) and finally showing how the particular class of hirsutellone compounds has emerged from such processes in relation to post-elongation and secondary tailoring events. Synthetic efforts to produce these natural products will be described with a special emphasis on complexity-generating strategies and steps. Thus, the biosynthetic and synthetic works will be analyzed in a continuous flow, focusing on both the logic of Nature and organic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Wen Li
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), 57 rue Cuvier (CP 54), 75005 Paris, France
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50
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Zou GF, Pan F, Liao WW. Lewis base catalyzed asymmetric substitution/Diels–Alder cascade reaction: a rapid and efficient construction of enantioenriched diverse tricyclic heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7080-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41454j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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