1
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Sterling AJ, Smith RC, Anderson EA, Duarte F. Beyond Strain Release: Delocalization-Enabled Organic Reactivity. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9979-9989. [PMID: 38970491 PMCID: PMC11267611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The release of strain energy is a fundamental driving force for organic reactions. However, absolute strain energy alone is an insufficient predictor of reactivity, evidenced by the similar ring strain but disparate reactivity of cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes. In this work, we demonstrate that electronic delocalization is a key factor that operates alongside strain release to boost, or even dominate, reactivity. This delocalization principle extends across a wide range of molecules containing three-membered rings such as epoxides, aziridines, and propellanes and also applies to strain-driven cycloaddition reactions. Our findings lead to a "rule of thumb" for the accurate prediction of activation barriers in such systems, which can be easily applied to reactions involving many of the strained building blocks commonly encountered in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, polymer science, and bioconjugation. Given the significance of electronic delocalization in organic chemistry, for example in aromatic π-systems and hyperconjugation, we anticipate that this concept will serve as a versatile tool to understand and predict organic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J. Sterling
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University
of Texas at Dallas, 800
W. Campbell Rad, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Russell C. Smith
- Abbvie
Drug Discovery Science & Technology (DDST), 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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2
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Johny M, Rajendar G. Effective In Situ Alkoxide Trapping by TMSX in the Presence of TPP Catalyst in Glycidol Acetal Rearrangements. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7036-7046. [PMID: 38716502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a nucleophile-catalyzed, trimethylsilyl halide-promoted rearrangement reaction of glycidol acetals to form halogenated cyclic acetals. The acetal group has been activated selectively in the presence of trimethylsilyl cation, which is used as in situ-generated alkoxide trapping reagent. Nucleophilic chloride and bromide ions participate in addition reactions with epoxides predominantly via SN1-type epoxide opening, while non-nucleophilic iodide and triflate ions induce a positive charge at the epoxide carbon. A systematic investigation of acetal-initiated polyene cyclization of epoxy polyenes has been conducted using bicyclic epoxonium ions as transient intermediates. Unfavorable orbital orientation and other stereoelectronic factors hinder the much-anticipated polyene cyclizations. The potential of this method has been showcased through its application in the total synthesis of parvistone A, a chlorinated styryllactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Johny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Goreti Rajendar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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3
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Wu K, Kang K, Liu D, Zhang C, Wang X, Zhang M, Li Q. Gold-catalyzed endo-selective Ring-opening of Epoxides and its Application in Construction of Poly-ethers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400234. [PMID: 38273816 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tetrahydropyran and tetrahydropyran-fused poly-ethers scaffolds are found in many classes of natural products and medicinally relevant small molecules. Here we describe a catalytic system for 6-endo selective ring-opening of epoxides by Au(I) or Au(III) catalyst that provides rapid access to various tetrahydropyran-derived motifs. It also could efficiently construct the subunits of marine ladder-like poly-ethers through emulating the Nakanishi's hypothesis on the biosynthesis of these toxins. The synthetic utility of this method is also demonstrated in the preparation of the tricyclic core of tetrahydropyran-containing macrolide natural products lituarines A-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehuan Wu
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kaiwen Kang
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chiyue Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Miaocheng Zhang
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Nishikawa K, Teranishi T, Tsuruta T, Niwa T, Morita K, Hashimoto S, Hoshino A, Kumagai M, Morimoto Y. Establishment of "Ring-Size-Divergent" Synthetic Strategy: Divergent Synthesis, Stereochemical Assignments, and Biological Activity Studies of Nerolidol-Type Sesquiterpenoids and Feroniellins. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15844-15861. [PMID: 37924303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic epoxide-opening cascade cyclizations of polyepoxides enable the efficient and rapid construction of polyether skeletons. In this study, we discovered a method for switching the cyclization mode from tetrahydrofuran to tetrahydropyran (THP) formation in epoxide-opening cascades of polyepoxides. The THP formation proceeded via an epoxonium-ion intermediate by simple heating in neutral water. Next, by expanding the switching reaction, we successfully established a "ring-size-divergent" synthetic strategy that enabled the synthesis of the five-, six-, and seven-membered ether rings from identical diepoxide cyclization precursors under simple acidic or neutral conditions. The "ring-size-divergent" synthetic strategy was applied to the short divergent synthesis of nerolidol-type sesquiterpenoids and feroniellins, resulting in the revision of the proposed stereochemistry of certain natural products and the determination of all of the absolute configurations. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activities of the synthetic samples were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tomonori Teranishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tsuruta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Niwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kengo Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Subaru Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Momochika Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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5
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Li JK, Qu G, Li X, Tian Y, Cui C, Zhang FG, Zhang W, Ma JA, Reetz MT, Sun Z. Rational enzyme design for enabling biocatalytic Baldwin cyclization and asymmetric synthesis of chiral heterocycles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7813. [PMID: 36535947 PMCID: PMC9763437 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral heterocyclic compounds are needed for important medicinal applications. We report an in silico strategy for the biocatalytic synthesis of chiral N- and O-heterocycles via Baldwin cyclization modes of hydroxy- and amino-substituted epoxides and oxetanes using the limonene epoxide hydrolase from Rhodococcus erythropolis. This enzyme normally catalyzes hydrolysis with formation of vicinal diols. Firstly, the required shutdown of the undesired natural water-mediated ring-opening is achieved by rational mutagenesis of the active site. In silico enzyme design is then continued with generation of the improved mutants. These variants prove to be versatile catalysts for preparing chiral N- and O-heterocycles with up to 99% conversion, and enantiomeric ratios up to 99:1. Crystal structural data and computational modeling reveal that Baldwin-type cyclizations, catalyzed by the reprogrammed enzyme, are enabled by reshaping the active-site environment that directs the distal RHN and HO-substituents to be intramolecular nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kuan Li
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Department of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Ge Qu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Xu Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Yuchen Tian
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Department of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Chengsen Cui
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Department of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Department of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,grid.419607.d0000 0001 2096 9941Biocatalysis Section, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
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6
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Johny M, Philip RM, Rajendar G. Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Intramolecular Rearrangement of Glycidol Acetal to Alkoxy Cyclic Acetals. Org Lett 2022; 24:6165-6170. [PMID: 35960602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new class of highly regio- and stereoselective intramolecular rearrangements of glycidol acetals to produce alkoxylated 1,3-dioxolane/1,3-dioxane is demonstrated. Selective Lewis acid activation of acetal generates an oxocarbenium ion that initiates the epoxide ring-opening event, giving the bicyclic [3,1,0]epoxonium ion intermediate that undergoes exo/endo-selective opening by a tethered alkoxide. Mechanistic insights into preferential acetal activation over the epoxide were obtained by crossover experiments. The method was applied in the total synthesis of parvistone B and its 8-ethoxy analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Johny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Rose Mary Philip
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Goreti Rajendar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
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7
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Construction of Benzo‐Fused Heterocycles by Epoxide–Heteronucleophile Cyclization: Applications in the Synthesis of Natural Products and Designed Molecules. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Das J, Borah BJ, Das SK. Construction of Benzosultam‐Containing Fused‐ and Linked‐Biheterocycles by a Cascade Double Nucleophilic Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonali Das
- Tezpur University Chemical Sciences Tezpur 784028 Tezpur INDIA
| | | | - Sajal Kumar Das
- Tezpur University Chemical Sciences Napaam 784028 Tezpur INDIA
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9
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Bowen JI, Wang L, Crump MP, Willis CL. Synthetic and biosynthetic methods for selective cyclisations of 4,5-epoxy alcohols to tetrahydropyrans. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1150-1175. [PMID: 35029626 PMCID: PMC8827043 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydropyrans (THPs) are common structural motifs found in natural products and synthetic therapeutic molecules. In Nature these 6-membered oxygen heterocycles are often assembled via intramolecular reactions involving either oxy-Michael additions or ring opening of epoxy-alcohols. Indeed, the polyether natural products have been particularly widely studied due to their fascinating structures and important biological properties; these are commonly formed via endo-selective epoxide-opening cascades. In this review we outline synthetic approaches for endo-selective intramolecular epoxide ring opening (IERO) of 4,5-epoxy-alcohols and their applications in natural product synthesis. In addition, the biosynthesis of THP-containing natural products which utilise IERO reactions are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I Bowen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Luoyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew P Crump
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Christine L Willis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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10
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Vartanova AE, Plodukhin AY, Ratmanova NK, Andreev IA, Anisimov MN, Gudimchuk NB, Rybakov VB, Levina II, Ivanova OA, Trushkov IV, Alabugin IV. Expanding Stereoelectronic Limits of endo- tet Cyclizations: Synthesis of Benz[ b]azepines from Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13952-13961. [PMID: 34406759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The importance of intramolecular constraints in cyclic transition-state geometries is especially pronounced in n-endo-tet cyclizations, where the usual backside approach of a nucleophile to the breaking bond is impossible for the rings containing less than eight atoms. Herein, we expand the limits of endo-tet cyclizations and show that donor-acceptor cyclopropanes can provide a seven-membered ring via a genuine 6-endo-tet process. Substrates containing a N-alkyl-N-arylcarbamoyl moiety as an acceptor group undergo Lewis acid-induced cyclization to form tetrahydrobenz[b]azepin-2-ones in high yields. The reaction proceeds with the inversion of the configuration at the electrophilic carbon. In this process, a formally six-membered transition state yields a seven-membered ring as the pre-existing cycle is merged into the forming ring. The stereochemistry of the products can be controlled by the reaction time and by the nature of Lewis acid, opening access to both diastereomers by tuning of the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Vartanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Science, RUDN University, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Yu Plodukhin
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nina K Ratmanova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A Andreev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail N Anisimov
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita B Gudimchuk
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Victor B Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Irina I Levina
- Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Ivanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Trushkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390 United States
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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12
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Abstract
An efficient and convergent first total syntheses of (±)-japonicol B and (-)-japonicol C have been completed. The notable points of the synthetic route are Lewis-acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reaction for one pot C-C and C-O bond formations resulting in construction of the tricyclic meroterpenoid skeleton, one pot Pd(OH)2/C-catalyzed isomerization/hydrogenation, and site selective sp3 C-H oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatraya H Dethe
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208016, India
| | - Appasaheb K Nirpal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208016, India
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13
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Ali KB. Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins Using Novel Chiral Dihydroisoquinolinium Salts as Organocatalysts. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Nishikawa K, Kumagai M, Matsumura K, Nishikibe K, Morimoto Y. Natural Product Synthesis Strategy Based on the Concept of Directly Constructing the Ring Skeletons from Linear Substrates. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University
| | | | | | | | - Yoshiki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University
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15
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Pachisia S, Gupta R. Architectural and catalytic aspects of designer materials built using metalloligands of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide based ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14731-14748. [PMID: 33084678 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This perspective presents the design, synthesis and crystal structures of a large number of architectures constructed using assorted metalloligands of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide based ligands. The metalloligands offered various appended functional groups, whereas design strategies included varying both their position and number. A combination of these parameters resulted in the development of assorted architectures including discrete trinuclear and tetranuclear complexes as well as 1D/2D/3D coordination polymers. The metalloligand strategy not only assisted in the construction of ordered crystalline materials with varied dimensionalities but also judiciously allowed the incorporation of Lewis acidic and redox-active secondary metals in the resultant architectures. As a result, such designer architectures illustrated their noteworthy role both as homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts in different organic transformation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Pachisia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India.
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16
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Li FX, Ren SJ, Li PF, Yang P, Qu J. An Endo-Selective Epoxide-Opening Cascade for the Fast Assembly of the Polycyclic Core Structure of Marine Ladder Polyethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18473-18478. [PMID: 32666578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid synthesis of marine ladder polyethers from polyepoxide precursors (in analogy with the biosynthetic pathway hypothesized by Nakanishi) is hampered by the fact that the exo-selective epoxide-opening cyclization cascade that gives THF-type polyethers is preferred over the endo-selective cascade that gives the desired products. We found that perfluoro-tert-butanol (PFTB) cooperating with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM]BF4 ) can promote endo-selective epoxide-opening cyclization reactions of trisubstituted epoxy alcohols. Starting from readily accessible homochiral polyepoxy alcohols with a methyl group at all the endo-cyclization sites, we were able to construct polyethers up to five consecutive fused 6-, 7-, and/or 8-membered rings in one step. Notably, molecules with the 7/7/6/6 and 7/7/6/7/6 polyether frameworks of hemibrevetoxin B and brevenal, respectively, could be synthesized in 40 % and 17 % chemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xing Li
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shu-Jian Ren
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Pei-Fang Li
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jin Qu
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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17
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Lenhof J, Hutter M, Huch V, Jauch J. Towards the Total Synthesis of Jerangolids – Synthesis of an Advanced Intermediate for the Pharmacophore Substructure. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lenhof
- Organic Chemistry II Saarland University P.O. Box 111550 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Michael Hutter
- Center for Bioinformatics Saarland University P.O. Box 111550 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Saarland University P.O. Box 111550 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Johann Jauch
- Organic Chemistry II Saarland University P.O. Box 111550 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
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18
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Li F, Ren S, Li P, Yang P, Qu J. An
Endo
‐Selective Epoxide‐Opening Cascade for the Fast Assembly of the Polycyclic Core Structure of Marine Ladder Polyethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Xing Li
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shu‐Jian Ren
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Pei‐Fang Li
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Peng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jin Qu
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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19
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Thombal RS, Feoktistova T, González-Montiel GA, Cheong PHY, Lee YR. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of β-hydroxy compounds via a strained 6,4-palladacycle from directed C-H activation of anilines and C-O insertion of epoxides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7260-7265. [PMID: 34123012 PMCID: PMC8159402 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed C-H activation of acetylated anilines (acetanilides, 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea, 1-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one, and 1-(indolin-1-yl)ethan-1-one) with epoxides using O-coordinating directing groups was accomplished. This C-H alkylation reaction proceeds via formation of a previously unknown 6,4-palladacycle intermediate and provides rapid access to regioselectively functionalized β-hydroxy products. Notably, this catalytic system is applicable for the gram scale mono-functionalization of acetanilide in good yields. The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of the ortho-C(sp2) atom of O-coordinating directing groups with a C(sp3) carbon of chiral epoxides offers diverse substrate scope in good to excellent yields. In addition, further transformations of the synthesized compound led to biologically important heterocycles. Density functional theory reveals that the 6,4-palladacycle leveraged in this work is significantly more strained (>10 kcal mol-1) than the literature known 5,4 palladacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju S Thombal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | | | - Paul H-Y Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
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20
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Wang S, Arguelles AJ, Tay JH, Hotta M, Zimmerman PM, Nagorny P. Experimental and Computational Studies on Regiodivergent Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Mupirocin Methyl Ester. Chemistry 2020; 26:4583-4591. [PMID: 31905253 PMCID: PMC7261366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a new strategy for achieving regiocontrol over the endo versus exo modes of cycloisomerizations of epoxide-containing alcohols, which leads to the formation of five- or six-membered cyclic ethers. Unlike traditional methods relying on achiral reagents or enzymes, this approach utilizes chiral phosphoric acids to catalyze the regiodivergent selective formations of either tetrahydrofuran- or tetrahydropyran-containing products. By using methyl ester of epoxide-containing antibiotic mupirocin as the substrate, it is demonstrated that catalytic chiral phosphoric acids (R)-TCYP and (S)-TIPSY could be used to achieve the selective formation of either the six-membered endo product (95:5 r.r.) or the five-membered exo product (77:23 r.r.), correspondingly. This cyclization was found to be unselective under the standard conditions involving various achiral acids, bases, or buffers. The subsequent mechanistic studies using state-of-the-art quantum chemical solutions provided the description of the potential energy surface, which is fully consistent with the experimental observations. Based on these results, highly detailed reaction paths are obtained and a concerted and highly synchronous mechanism is proposed for the formation of both exo and endo products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibin Wang
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alonso J Arguelles
- Eli Lilly and Company, 1500 South Harding Street, Indiana, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Jia-Hui Tay
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Miyuki Hotta
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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21
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Paraja M, Matile S. Primary Anion–π Catalysis of Epoxide‐Opening Ether Cyclization into Rings of Different Sizes: Access to New Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6273-6277. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Paraja
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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22
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Primary Anion–π Catalysis of Epoxide‐Opening Ether Cyclization into Rings of Different Sizes: Access to New Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Das AJ, Borgohain H, Sarma B, Das SK. Switching of regioselectivity in base-mediated diastereoselective annulation of 2,3-epoxy tosylates and their N-tosylaziridine analogs with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:441-449. [PMID: 31894811 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A base-mediated dinucleophilic cyclization of readily accessible 2,3-epoxy tosylates with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole has been developed for the one-pot diastereoselective synthesis of benzimidazole-based tricyclic compounds equipped with two stereogenic centres. With trans-substrates bearing an aryl or alkyl substituent at the C3 position, the reaction involves an initial S-C1 bond-forming intermolecular alkylation followed by an N-C3 bond-forming, endo-selective intramolecular epoxide ring-opening cyclization reaction. A spectacular regioselectivity switching (tandem S-C3 and N-C1 bond formation reactions) was observed with related trans-N-tosylaziridine substrates. Wide substrate scope, complete diastereoselectivity, high to complete regioselectivity and mild transition metal-free conditions render this protocol particularly efficient and practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Napaam, Assam, India-784028.
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24
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Das J, Borah BJ, Das SK. Base-mediated intramolecular one-pot double-cyclization of epoxide-tethered 2-fluorobenzenesulfonamides: an avenue to 1,4-benzoxazine-fused benzothiaoxazepine-1,1-dioxides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:220-224. [PMID: 31829386 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of hitherto unknown 1,4-benzoxazine-fused benzothiaoxazepine-1,1-dioxides by a NaH-promoted intramolecular one-pot double-cyclization of epoxide-tethered 2-fluorobenzene sulfonamides. Mechanistically, the reactions proceed via an intramolecular epoxide ring-opening followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The high yields, mild conditions, complete regio- and diastereoselectivity, and a wide substrate scope render this protocol well suited for drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonali Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, India-784028.
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25
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Nishikawa K, Morita K, Hashimoto S, Hoshino A, Ikeuchi T, Kumagai M, Morimoto Y. Critical Switching of Cyclization Modes of Polyepoxides in Acidic Aqueous Media and Neutral Water: Synthesis and Revised Structure of a Nerolidol-Type Sesquiterpenoid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10168-10172. [PMID: 31211481 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic epoxide-opening cascades of polyepoxides enable the efficient and rapid construction of polyether frameworks. Herein, we show that the epoxide-opening cascade cyclization that affords tetrahydrofuran products in acidic aqueous media produces tetrahydropyran (THP) in neutral water. THP formation proceeded by simply heating polyepoxides in neutral water and followed a different cyclization mode from those observed so far. The novel cascade cyclization in H2 O was applied to the synthesis of a new nerolidol-type sesquiterpenoid, resulting in revision of the proposed structure and determination of the absolute configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kengo Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Subaru Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takumi Ikeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Momochika Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,Japan Food Research Laboratories, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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26
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Nishikawa K, Morita K, Hashimoto S, Hoshino A, Ikeuchi T, Kumagai M, Morimoto Y. Critical Switching of Cyclization Modes of Polyepoxides in Acidic Aqueous Media and Neutral Water: Synthesis and Revised Structure of a Nerolidol‐Type Sesquiterpenoid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Kengo Morita
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Subaru Hashimoto
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Akihiro Hoshino
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Takumi Ikeuchi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Momochika Kumagai
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
- Japan Food Research Laboratories Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Morimoto
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
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27
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Kumar G, Kumar R, Ogruc-Ildiz G, Fausto R, Husain A. Structure, spectroscopic properties and catalytic activity for epoxide ring-opening of nickel methylxanthate. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Rani P, Sharma A, Husain A, Kumar G, Kaur H, Bhasin KK, Kumar G. Selective recognition of Fe3+ and CrO42− ions using a Zn(ii) metallacycle and a Cd(ii) coordination polymer and their heterogeneous catalytic application. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A Zn(ii) metallacycle [Zn2{(L)2(DMF)2(NO3)2}]·(NO3)2 (1) along with a Cd(ii) coordination polymer [{Cd(L)2(DMF)2}·(NO3)2]n (2) have been synthesized, structurally characterized and exploited as a multifunctional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rani
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Ahmad Husain
- Department of Chemistry
- DAV University
- Jalandhar
- India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | | | - K. K. Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Girijesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukalyan Bhadra
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002 Gujarat, India
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200, Matsumoto-Cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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30
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Mandal TK, Chattopadhyay F, Guha C, Sepay N, Mallik H, Mallik AK. Simple Diastereoselective Synthesis of (2S*,2′R*,3′R*,4S*)-2,3′-Diphenylspiro[chroman-3,2′-oxiran]-4-ols and (2S*,2′S*,3′S*,4S*)-2,3′-Diphenylspiro[chroman-3,2′-oxiran]-4-ols. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2018.1405335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas K. Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | | | - Chayan Guha
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Haimanti Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Lady Brabourne College, P-1/2, Suhrawardy Avenue, Kolkata 700 017, India
| | - Asok K. Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
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31
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Studies toward brevisulcenal F via convergent strategies for marine ladder polyether synthesis. Tetrahedron 2018; 74:1111-1122. [PMID: 29479119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Shortly after the initial isolation of marine ladder polyether natural products, biomimetic epoxide-opening cascade reactions were proposed as an efficient strategy for the synthesis of these compounds. However, difficulties in assembling the cascade precursors have limited the realization of these cascades. In this report, we describe strategies that provide convergent access to cascade precursors via regioselective allylation and efficient fragment coupling. We then investigate epoxide-opening cascades promoted by strong bases for the formation of fused tetrahydropyrans. These strategies are evaluated in the context of the synthesis of rings CDEFG of brevisulcenal F.
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32
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Oseland EE, Rea A, de Heer MI, Fowler JD, Unwin PR. Interfacial kinetics in a model emulsion polymerisation system using microelectrochemical measurements at expanding droplets (MEMED) and time lapse microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 490:703-709. [PMID: 27978455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical processes that take place at the oil-water interface of an epoxy-amine emulsion polymerisation system influence the properties and structural morphology of the polymeric microparticles formed. Investigating these processes, such as the transport of monomers across the liquid/liquid interface brings new understanding which can be used to tune polymeric morphology. Two different approaches are used to provide new insights on these processes. Microelectrochemical measurements at expanding droplets (MEMED) is used to measure the transfer of amine from an organic phase comprised of epoxide and amine into an aqueous receptor phase. The rate of amine transfer across the liquid/liquid interface is characterised using MEMED and finite element method modelling and kinetic values are reported. Time lapse microscopy of epoxide droplets held in deionised water or an aqueous amine solution heated to different temperatures is further used to characterise epoxide dissolution into the aqueous phase. Mass-transport of epoxide into the aqueous phase is shown to be temperature-dependent. Epoxide homopolymerisation at the droplet-water interface is found to influence the rate of epoxide droplet dissolution. The rate of the epoxy-amine cure reaction is shown to be faster than the rate of the epoxide homopolymerisation reaction. The combination of methods used here is not limited to emulsion polymerisation and should find application in a myriad of processes at liquid/liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Oseland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Rea
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Martine I de Heer
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey D Fowler
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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33
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Siva Kumari AL, Siva Reddy A, Swamy KCK. Transition Metal-Free Cascade Cyclization of Epoxy-Ynamides: To Go for 1,3-Oxazines or 1,4-Oxazines? Org Lett 2016; 18:5752-5755. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Leela Siva Kumari
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
| | - Alla Siva Reddy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
| | - K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
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34
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Hu C, Song RJ, Hu M, Yang Y, Li JH, Luo S. [5+2] Cycloaddition of 2-(2-Aminoethyl)oxiranes with Alkynes via Epoxide Ring-Opening: A Facile Access to Azepines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10423-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
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35
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Hu C, Song RJ, Hu M, Yang Y, Li JH, Luo S. [5+2] Cycloaddition of 2-(2-Aminoethyl)oxiranes with Alkynes via Epoxide Ring-Opening: A Facile Access to Azepines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
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36
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Faiz S, Zahoor AF. Ring opening of epoxides with C-nucleophiles. Mol Divers 2016; 20:969-987. [PMID: 27376747 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-016-9686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ring opening of epoxides has been an area of interest for organic chemists, owing to their reactivity toward nucleophiles. Such reactions yield important products depending on the type of nucleophiles used. This review article covers the synthetic approaches (1991-2015) used for the ring opening of epoxides via carbon nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Faiz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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37
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Li DD, Niu LF, Ju ZY, Xu Z, Wu C. Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp2)-H Bond Alkylation of Ketoximes by Using the Ring-Opening of Epoxides. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xuchang University; No. 88, Bayi Road 461000 Xuchang Henan P. R. China
| | - Liang-Feng Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xuchang University; No. 88, Bayi Road 461000 Xuchang Henan P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xuchang University; No. 88, Bayi Road 461000 Xuchang Henan P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xuchang University; No. 88, Bayi Road 461000 Xuchang Henan P. R. China
| | - Changzeng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xuchang University; No. 88, Bayi Road 461000 Xuchang Henan P. R. China
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38
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Ardkhean R, Caputo DFJ, Morrow SM, Shi H, Xiong Y, Anderson EA. Cascade polycyclizations in natural product synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1557-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cascade (domino) reactions have an unparalleled ability to generate molecular complexity from relatively simple starting materials; these transformations are particularly appealing when multiple rings are forged during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - H. Shi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Y. Xiong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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39
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Yadav S, Kumar S, Gupta R. Manganese Complexes of Pyrrole‐ and Indolecarboxamide Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, Electrochemistry, and Applications in Oxidative and Lewis‐Acid‐Assisted Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India, http://people.du.ac.in/~rgupta/
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India, http://people.du.ac.in/~rgupta/
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India, http://people.du.ac.in/~rgupta/
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40
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Armbrust KW, Beaver MG, Jamison TF. Rhodium-catalyzed endo-selective epoxide-opening cascades: formal synthesis of (-)-brevisin. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6941-6. [PMID: 25984951 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[Rh(CO)2Cl]2 is as an effective catalyst for endo-selective cyclizations and cascades of epoxy-(E)-enoate alcohols, thus enabling the synthesis of oxepanes and oxepane-containing polyethers from di- and trisubstituted epoxides. Syntheses of the ABC and EF ring systems of (-)-brevisin via all endo-diepoxide-opening cascades using this method constitute a formal total synthesis and demonstrate the utility of this methodology in the context of the synthesis of marine ladder polyether natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt W Armbrust
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew G Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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41
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Zhang FZ, Tian Y, Li GX, Qu J. Intramolecular etherification and polyene cyclization of π-activated alcohols promoted by hot water. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1107-15. [PMID: 25525716 DOI: 10.1021/jo502636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hot water, acting as a mildly acidic catalyst, efficiently promoted intramolecular direct nucleophilic substitution reactions of unsaturated alcohols with heteroatom or carbon nucleophiles. In a mixed solvent of water and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), polyene cyclizations using allylic alcohols as initiators gave the desired cyclized products, and in neat HFIP, a tricyclization reaction gave a tetracyclic product in 51% chemical yield.
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42
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Czabaniuk LC, Jamison TF. Hydroxyl-substituted ladder polyethers via selective tandem epoxidation/cyclization sequence. Org Lett 2015; 17:774-7. [PMID: 25647091 DOI: 10.1021/ol503400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new and highly selective method for the synthesis of hydroxyl-substituted tetrahydropyrans is described. This method utilizes titanium(IV) isopropoxide and diethyl tartrate to perform a diastereoselective epoxidation followed by in situ epoxide activation and highly selective endo-cyclization to form the desired tetrahydropyran ring. The HIJ ring fragment of the marine ladder polyether yessotoxin was synthesized using this two-stage tactic that proceeds with high efficiency and excellent regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara C Czabaniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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43
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Bansal D, Hundal G, Gupta R. A Metalloligand Appended with Thiazole Rings: Heterometallic {Co
3+
–Zn
2+
} and {Co
3+
–Cd
2+
} Complexes and Their Heterogeneous Catalytic Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201403072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bansal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India, http://people.du.ac.in/~rgupta/
| | - Geeta Hundal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India, http://people.du.ac.in/~rgupta/
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44
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Bansal D, Pandey S, Hundal G, Gupta R. Heterometallic coordination polymers: syntheses, structures and heterogeneous catalytic applications. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterometallic coordination polymers function as heterogeneous catalysts for various organic transformation reactions via preferential interaction with the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bansal
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi, 110 007
- India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi, 110 007
- India
| | - Geeta Hundal
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar–143 005
- India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi, 110 007
- India
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45
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Li PF, Yi CB, Qu J. Hot water-promoted cyclopropylcarbinyl rearrangement facilitates construction of homoallylic alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5012-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hot water can promote the rearrangements of various types of cyclopropyl carbinols to afford acyclic or cyclic homoallylic alcohols in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Cheng-Bo Yi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Jin Qu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
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46
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Wong FT, Hotta K, Chen X, Fang M, Watanabe K, Kim CY. Epoxide Hydrolase–Lasalocid A Structure Provides Mechanistic Insight into Polyether Natural Product Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 137:86-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511374k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fong T. Wong
- Molecular
Engineering Lab, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, 138673 Singapore
| | - Kinya Hotta
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Xi Chen
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Minyi Fang
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Chu-Young Kim
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
- Synthetic
Biology Research Consortium, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
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47
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Bonollo S, Ahmady AZ, Petrucci C, Marrocchi A, Pizzo F, Vaccaro L. A catalytic approach to the metal-free reaction of epoxides with ketene silyl acetals for accessing γ-lactones. Org Lett 2014; 16:5721-3. [PMID: 25321843 DOI: 10.1021/ol502855q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic approach to the nucleophilic addition of silyl ketene acetals 2 to epoxides 1 is reported. The defined protocol is metal-free using tetrabutylammonioum fluoride as the catalyst. It works in a very efficient manner under solvent-free conditions (SolFC) allowing γ-lactones 3 to be directly obtained with high regioselectivities and yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bonollo
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN - Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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48
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Zhu Y, Wang Q, Cornwall RG, Shi Y. Organocatalytic asymmetric epoxidation and aziridination of olefins and their synthetic applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8199-256. [PMID: 24785198 DOI: 10.1021/cr500064w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingguang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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49
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Bansal D, Kumar G, Hundal G, Gupta R. Mononuclear complexes of amide-based ligands containing appended functional groups: role of secondary coordination spheres on catalysis. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14865-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coordination complexes of amide-based ligands with appended heterocyclic rings create a hydrogen bonding cavity that effectively binds the substrate(s). Such cavity-based complexes function as reusable and heterogeneous catalysts for various organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bansal
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007, India
| | | | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007, India
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50
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Liu B, Wei E, Lin S, Zhao B, Liang F. Synthesis of spiro[isoquinolinone-4,2′-oxiranes] and isoindolinones via a multicomponent reaction of 2-acetyl-oxirane-2-carboxamides, arylaldehydes and malononitrile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6995-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02141j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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