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Bayach I, Almutlaq N, Alkhalifah MA, Asif M, Ayub K, Sheikh NS. Nonlinear Optical Properties and Phototunable Absorption of a Substituted Dihydroazulene-Vinylheptafulvene Pair of Photochromes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18951-18963. [PMID: 37273631 PMCID: PMC10233684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum calculations were used to study UV-vis absorption properties and nonlinear optical characteristics of a variety of substituted dihydroazulene (DHA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photoswitches. The absorption properties are substantially based on the position and nature of the substituent. In general, electron-donating groups cause red shifts compared to the parent compound. Any electron-withdrawing group, on the other hand, would generate a blue shift. Furthermore, the steric effect at some positions is accountable for the loss of planarity and, as a response, a decrease in electronic conjugation within the molecule, which in most cases result in blue shifts in maximum absorption. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of substitution at the seven-membered ring of the DHA/VHF system on the absorption spectra and nonlinear optical characteristics of dihydroazulene photoswitches. UV-vis spectra and hyperpolarizability are determined since a prospective photoswitch should have a minimum overlap of absorption spectra from both isomers. Furthermore, the differential in hyperpolarizability between DHA and VHF is critical for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Bayach
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiah Almutlaq
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alkhalifah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbah Asif
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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The competitive mechanism between photoisomerization and excited state intramolecular proton transfer process of 2′-Hydroxychalcone system. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bayach I, Al-Faiyz YSS, Alkhalifah MA, Almutlaq N, Ayub K, Sheikh NS. Phototunable Absorption and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Thermally Stable Dihydroazulene-Vinylheptafulvene Photochrome Pair. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35863-35874. [PMID: 36249387 PMCID: PMC9558242 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The UV-vis absorption characteristics and nonlinear optical properties of a series of substituted dihydroazulene (DHA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photoswitches are investigated by applying quantum calculations. Introduction of substituents at the seven-membered ring resulted in significant changes in their absorption properties depending on the nature and position of the substituent. Electron-donating groups at positions 5, 6, 7, and 8 generally exhibited red shifts with respect to the parent compound. However, the steric effect at positions 8a and 4 is responsible for the loss of planarity and conjugation, which generally leads to blue shifts. In contrast, any electron-withdrawing group, particularly at positions 8a and 4, would cause a blue shift. The presence of bulky groups at position 8a results in a loss of planarity and, as a result, a decrease in electronic conjugation within the molecule, resulting in a blue shift in the maximum absorption. When it comes to halogens, the red shift is directly correlated to the nucleophilicity; the higher the nucleophilicity, the larger the red shift. Regarding hyperpolarizability, the charge separation induces higher hyperpolarizabilities for all substituted VHFs compared to the corresponding DHAs, resulting in a much higher NLO response. In addition, for all DHA and VHF, the highest values of hyperpolarizabilities are calculated for 6-substituted systems. Finally, the objective of this detailed theoretical investigation is to continue exploring the photophysical properties of DHA-VHF through structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Bayach
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasair S. S. Al-Faiyz
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alkhalifah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiah Almutlaq
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Hillers-Bendtsen AE, Kjeldal FØ, Mikkelsen KV. Electric Properties of Photochromic Molecules Physisorbed on Silver and Copper Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3145-3156. [PMID: 35583037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the electric properties of the photochromic dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene system as it is physisorbed onto silver and copper nanoparticles. Our focus is on how the polarizability and hyperpolarizability of the dihydroazulene, s-cis-vinylheptafulvene, and s-trans-vinylheptafulvene molecules depend on molecular orientation with respect to the nanoparticles, the molecule-cluster separation, and the type of nanoparticle. The computational approach utilizes a combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical method in which the molecules are treated quantum mechanically while the nanoparticles are treated with a simpler classical method. The molecules are described with density functional theory. The electric properties are calculated using response theory utilizing the long-range-corrected functional CAM-B3LYP and the correlation consistent basis set aug-cc-pVDZ. The atoms of the nanoparticles are represented using atomic polarizabilities. The interactions between the nanoparticles and the molecular systems are calculated using a polarizable embedding scheme after which the molecular properties are calculated with time-dependent density functional theory. The results show that the electric properties are indeed affected by the presence of the nanoparticles. It is also clear that it is the hyperpolarizabilities that change the most while the polarizabilities are less affected. Furthermore, the influence of the nanoparticles on the molecules depends heavily on the relative molecular orientation with respect to the nanoparticles and molecular conformation. Finally, it is observed that a copper nanoparticle has a larger influence on the molecular systems than a silver nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederik Ørsted Kjeldal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Arif AM, Yousaf A, Zhong RL, Akhtar M, Muhammad S, Xu HL, Su ZM. Metal ions doped into merocyanine form of coumarin derivatives: nonlinear optical molecular switches. J Mol Model 2019; 25:212. [PMID: 31280370 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, DFT calculations are carried out on domestically designed 7-methyl-2-phenyl-5'H-spiro[chromene-4,2'-chromeno[3,4-e][1,3]oxazin]-5'-one spiropyran and merocyanine derivatives to recognize alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. Detection of these metal ions can be attained by exploiting the variation of the second-order nonlinear optical properties. Merocyanine forms of these derivatives exhibit the ability to complex with different metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, and Ca2+), which is associated with large contrasts in the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) response as a function of metal size and charge. Interestingly, in this study, Mero-Li+ shows significant nonlinear optical response with dynamic HRS first hyperpolarizability amounting to 7607 a.u., which is about nine times higher than its corresponding spiro form (846 a.u.) at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311G* level of theory. The present investigation clarifies the effect of metal nature on the enhancement of the first hyperpolarizability between the closed and open forms of the studied coumarin derivatives. Graphical abstract The coumarin-based compound 3 demonstrate the higher second-order NLO responses as a function of metal cation size and charges. Complexation of smaller alkali metal ions leads to the formation of stronger metal-ligand bonds, larger geometrical relaxations and significant enhancement of the HRS first hyperpolarizabilities. This present investigation elucidates the effect of metal nature on the enhancement of the first hyperpolarizability between the closed and open forms of studied coumarin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Muhammad Arif
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Afifa Yousaf
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Lin Zhong
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mansoor Akhtar
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong-Liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Hillers-Bendtsen AE, Hansen MH, Mikkelsen KV. The influence of nanoparticles on the excitation energies of the photochromic dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6689-6698. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06539j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies how nanoparticles affect photochromic systems, focusing on the influence of gold nanoparticles on the optical properties of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Harring Hansen
- Department of Chemistry
- H. C. Ørsted Institute, University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry
- H. C. Ørsted Institute, University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
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Tonnelé C, Champagne B, Muccioli L, Castet F. Second-order nonlinear optical properties of Stenhouse photoswitches: insights from density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27658-27667. [PMID: 30375601 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05843a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first investigation of the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs), an emerging class of colored photochromes that undergo photoswitching with visible light to a colorless form. By using time-dependent density functional theory, we provide insights into the relationships linking the nature of the chemical substituents to the amplitude and contrasts of the NLO response. Solvent and frequency dispersion effects are also analyzed. The calculations predict that DASAs behave as high contrast NLO switches, a finding that extends their potential applications to photo-responsive NLO materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Tonnelé
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR CNRS 5255), University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France.
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Dong L, Feng Y, Wang L, Feng W. Azobenzene-based solar thermal fuels: design, properties, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7339-7368. [PMID: 30168543 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of renewable energy technologies has been a significant area of research amongst scientists with the aim of attaining a sustainable world society. Solar thermal fuels that can capture, convert, store, and release solar energy in the form of heat through reversible photoisomerization of molecular photoswitches such as azobenzene derivatives are currently in the limelight of research. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art account on the recent advancements in solar thermal fuels based on azobenzene photoswitches. We begin with an overview on the importance of azobenzene-based solar thermal fuels and their fundamentals. Then, we highlight the recent advances in diverse azobenzene materials for solar thermal fuels such as pure azobenzene derivatives, nanocarbon-templated azobenzene, and polymer-templated azobenzene. The basic design concepts of these advanced solar energy storage materials are discussed, and their promising applications are highlighted. We then introduce the recent endeavors in the molecular design of azobenzene derivatives toward efficient solar thermal fuels, and conclude with new perspectives on the future scope, opportunities and challenges. It is expected that continuous pioneering research involving scientists and engineers from diverse technological backgrounds could trigger the rapid advancement of this important interdisciplinary field, which embraces chemistry, physics, engineering, nanoscience, nanotechnology, materials science, polymer science, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
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9
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DFT/TDDFT, NPA, and AIM-based study of the molecular switching properties of photocyclization and metallochromism of the DAE complexes. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Arshad Y, Khan S, Hashmi MA, Ayub K. Transition metal doping: a new and effective approach for remarkably high nonlinear optical response in aluminum nitride nanocages. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04971d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NLO response of early transition metal (Sc)-doped aluminum nitride nanocages is comparable to those of their alkali-metal-doped analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Arshad
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad 22060
- Pakistan
| | - Saima Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad 22060
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Hashmi
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences (SCPS)
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington
- New Zealand
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad 22060
- Pakistan
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11
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Boye IMI, Hansen MH, Mikkelsen KV. The influence of nanoparticles on the polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities of photochromic molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23320-23327. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03645d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We consider how nanoparticles affect molecular photoswitches and our focus is on how the polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene system changes, when the compounds interact with gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Marie Ingmer Boye
- Center for Exploitation of Solar Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Mia Harring Hansen
- Center for Exploitation of Solar Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Center for Exploitation of Solar Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
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12
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M···π-conjugated complexes: simple materials with dramatic NLO features (M = Li, Na, K, and π = butadiene, cyclobutadiene, hexatriene, benzene). Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-1038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Nisa RU, Shahzad N, Ayub K. Density functional theory study of linear and non-linear optical properties of dihydroazulene-vinylheptafulvene photoswitches. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Kamalinahad S, Solimannejad M, Shakerzadeh E. Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Response of Pristine and Functionalized Dodecadehydrotribenzo[18]annulene ([18]DBA): A Theoretical Study. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ehsan Shakerzadeh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
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15
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Wang HQ, Wang WY, Fang XY, Wang L, Zhu CL, Chen ZZ, Chen H, Qiu YQ. Second-order nonlinear optical responses of carboranyl-substituted indole/indoline derivatives: impact of different substituents. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 67:111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Beaujean P, Bondu F, Plaquet A, Garcia-Amorós J, Cusido J, Raymo FM, Castet F, Rodriguez V, Champagne B. Oxazines: A New Class of Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Switches. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5052-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Beaujean
- University of Namur, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique,
Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Flavie Bondu
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
(ISM), UMR 5255 CNRS, Cours de la Libération 351, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Plaquet
- University of Namur, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique,
Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Laboratory
for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Janet Cusido
- Laboratory
for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory
for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
(ISM), UMR 5255 CNRS, Cours de la Libération 351, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Rodriguez
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
(ISM), UMR 5255 CNRS, Cours de la Libération 351, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Champagne
- University of Namur, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique,
Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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Maria M, Iqbal J, Ayub K. Theoretical study of the non linear optical properties of alkali metal (Li, Na, K) doped aluminum nitride nanocages. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21797d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of alkali metal (Li, Na, and K) doping in aluminum nitride (Al12N12) nanocages is studied through density functional theory (DFT) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maria
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad
- Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Agriculture
- Faisalabad
- Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad
- Pakistan
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18
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"Dancing inside the ball": the structures and nonlinear optical properties of three Sc2S@C3v(8)-C82 isomers. J Mol Model 2015; 21:259. [PMID: 26373544 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the crystal structures and electrochemical properties of the isomers (Sc2S "trapped" in C82) have been reported, in which the Sc2S is located inside the different positions of the C82 cage. In the present work, three isomers of endohedral metallofullerenes Sc2S@C3v(8)-C82 (A, B, and C) have been designed to explore the effect of the position of Sc2S on their interaction energies and nonlinear optical properties. Among three isomers, the Sc2S is located in different positions of the C82 cage: the angles of Sc-S-Sc in A, B, and C are 104.9, 114.8, and 115.7°, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of natural bond orbital (NBO) charge indicates that the electron-transfer is from the Sc2S to the adjacent carbon atoms of the C82 cage. The interaction energy of B is the smallest among three isomers which is -226.2 kcal mol(-1). It was worth mentioning that their first hyperpolarizabilities (β tot) were studied, we found that their β tot values were related to the positions of Sc2S: C (2100) > B (1191) > A (947 au). We hope that the present work can provide a new strategy to promote the nonlinear optical properties of endohedral metallofullerenes by changing the positions of the encapsulated molecular. Graphical abstract Three isomers of endohedral metallofullerenes Sc2S@C3v(8)-C82 (A, B, and C) have been designed to explore the position effect of Sc2S on the interaction energies and nonlinear optical properties. Among three isomers, the Sc2S in B has the most stable position. Significantly, the first hyperpolarizability is related to the position of Sc2S inside the C82 cage, which provides a novel strategy to enhance the first hyperpolarizability by the Sc2S revolving inside the C82 cage.
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19
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Gao FW, Zhong RL, Sun SL, Xu HL, Zhao L, Su ZM. Charge transfer and first hyperpolarizability: cage-like radicals C59X and lithium encapsulated Li@C59X (X=B, N). J Mol Model 2015; 21:258. [PMID: 26369918 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Very recently, two new cage-like radicals (C59B and C59N) formed by a boron or nitrogen atom substituting one carbon atom of C60 were synthesized and characterized. In order to explore the structure-property relationships of combination the cage-like radical and alkali metal, the endohedral Li@C59B and Li@C59N are designed by lithium (Li) atom encapsulated into the cage-like radicals C59B and C59N. Further, the structures, natural bond orbital (NBO) charges, and nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of C59B, C59N, Li@C59B, and Li@C59N were investigated by quantum chemical method. Three density functional methods (BHandHLYP, CAM-B3LYP, and M05-2X) were employed to estimate their first hyperpolarizabilities (β tot) and obtained the same trend in the β tot value. The β tot values by BHandHLYP functional of the pure cage-like radicals C59B (1.30 × 10(3) au) and C59N (1.70 × 10(3) au) are close to each other. Interestingly, when one Li atom encapsulated into the electron-rich radical C59N, the β tot value of the Li@C59N increases to 2.46 × 10(3) au. However, when one Li atom encapsulated into the electron-deficient radical C59B, the β tot value of the Li@C59B sharply decreases to 1.54 × 10(2) au. The natural bond orbital analysis indicates that the encapsulated Li atom leads to an obvious charge transfer and valence electrons distribution plays a significant role in the β tot value. Further, frontier molecular orbital explains that the interesting charge transfer between the encapsulated Li atom and cage-like radicals (C59B and C59N) leads to differences in the β tot value. It is our expectation that this work will provide useful information for the design of high-performance NLO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Wei Gao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Rong-Lin Zhong
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shi-Ling Sun
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hong-Liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Schulze M, Utecht M, Moldt T, Przyrembel D, Gahl C, Weinelt M, Saalfrank P, Tegeder P. Nonlinear optical response of photochromic azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18079-86. [PMID: 26100382 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of photochromic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) constitutes an intriguing step towards novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. By utilizing the second-order NLO process of second harmonic generation (SHG), supported by density-functional theory and correlated wave function method calculations, we demonstrate that the photochromic interface provides the necessary prerequisites en route towards possible future technical applications: we find a high NLO contrast on the order of 16% between the switching states. These are furthermore accessible reversibly and with high efficiencies in terms of cross sections on the order of 10(-18) cm(2) for both photoisomerization reactions, i.e., drivable by means of low-power LED light sources. Finally, both photostationary states (PSSs) are thermally stable at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schulze
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heildeberg, Germany.
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21
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Laurent AD, Adamo C, Jacquemin D. Dye chemistry with time-dependent density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:14334-56. [PMID: 24548975 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we present an overview of the determination of excited-state properties of "real-life" dyes, and notably of their optical absorption and emission spectra, performed during the last decade with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). We discuss the results obtained with both vertical and adiabatic (vibronic) approximations, choosing relevant examples for several series of dyes. These examples include reproducing absorption wavelengths of numerous families of coloured molecules, understanding the specific band shape of amino-anthraquinones, optimising the properties of dyes used in solar cells, mimicking the fluorescence wavelengths of fluorescent brighteners and BODIPY dyes, studying optically active biomolecules and photo-induced proton transfer, as well as improving the properties of photochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle D Laurent
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS no. 6230, BP 92208, Université de Nantes, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
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22
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Broman SL, Kushnir O, Rosenberg M, Kadziola A, Daub J, Nielsen MB. Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Photoswitch: Ultrafast Back Reaction Induced by Dihydronaphthalene Annulation. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Schulze M, Utecht M, Hebert A, Rück-Braun K, Saalfrank P, Tegeder P. Reversible Photoswitching of the Interfacial Nonlinear Optical Response. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:505-9. [PMID: 26261971 DOI: 10.1021/jz502477m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating photochromic molecules into organic/inorganic hybrid materials may lead to photoresponsive systems. In such systems, the second-order nonlinear properties can be controlled via external stimulation with light at an appropriate wavelength. By creating photochromic molecular switches containing self-assembled monolayers on Si(111), we can demonstrate efficient reversible switching, which is accompanied by a pronounced modulation of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of the system. The concept of utilizing functionalized photoswitchable Si surfaces could be a way for the generation of two-dimensional NLO switching materials, which are promising for applications in photonic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schulze
- †Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- ‡Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Utecht
- ¶Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Hebert
- §Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karola Rück-Braun
- §Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- ¶Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- †Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Li Y, Xu HL, Zhong RL, Sun SL, Su ZM. The Effect of the different spin multiplicity on nonlinear optical properties of lithium decahydroborate dimers. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2415. [PMID: 25213111 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, an innovative type of lithium decahydroborate (Li@B(10)H(14)) complex with a basketlike complexant of decaborane (B(10)H(14)) was designed and studied. Theoretical investigation is very important for designing high-performance nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. In the present work, an unusual Li@B(10)H(14) dimer with different spin multiplicities was designed theoretically to explore the influence of the spin multiplicity on NLO properties: 1 (triplet), 2 (open-shell singlet) and 3 (singlet). Interestingly, the results show that the intersection angle (between cage A and cage A') follows the order of 1 (13.71°) > 2 (1.65°) > 3 (0°). As a result, the first hyperpolarizability (β(tot)) value follows the order of 1 (19,129 a.u.) < 2 (35,992 a.u.) < 3 (77,660 a.u.). Additionally, 1, 2 and 3 of λ(max) shows an apparent red shift with three spin multiplicities in the absorption spectrum. The results of this work can be expected to provide useful information for designing high-performance NLO materials based on decaborane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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25
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Broman SL, Nielsen MB. Dihydroazulene: from controlling photochromism to molecular electronics devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21172-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Second harmonic generation and electro-optical Pockels effect of 1- and 3-nitro-6-azabenzo[a]pyrene N-oxide isomers: A Hartree–Fock and Coulomb-attenuating density functional theory investigation. J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Wang WY, Ma NN, Wang CH, Zhang MY, Sun SL, Qiu YQ. Enhancement of second-order nonlinear optical response in boron nitride nanocone: Li-doped effect. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 48:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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The Li-substituted effect on the geometries and second-order nonlinear optical properties of indeno[1,2-b]fluorene. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Li Y, Xu HL, Wu HQ, Zhong RL, Sun SL, Su ZM. Isomeric thiophene-fused benzocarborane molecules—different lithium doping effect on the nonlinear optical property. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2656-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Broman SL, Jevric M, Bond AD, Nielsen MB. Syntheses of Donor–Acceptor-Functionalized Dihydroazulenes. J Org Chem 2013; 79:41-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Lindbæk Broman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Martyn Jevric
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Andrew D. Bond
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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31
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Alparone A. Theoretical study on the static and dynamic first-order hyperpolarisabilities of adenine tautomers. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.861088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alparone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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32
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Alparone A. Static and dynamic electronic (hyper)polarizabilities of dimethylnaphthalene isomers: characterization of spatial contributions by density analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:832682. [PMID: 24288508 PMCID: PMC3830888 DOI: 10.1155/2013/832682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Static and frequency-dependent electronic (hyper)polarizabilities of the dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) isomers were computed in vacuum using the Coulomb-attenuating Density Functional Theory method. The nonlinear optical Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Electro-Optical Pockels Effect (EOPE) were investigated at the characteristic Nd:YAG laser wavelength of 1064 nm. The response electric properties especially the longitudinal polarizability, polarizability anisotropy, and first-order hyperpolarizability are significantly affected by the position of the methyl groups. The SHG and EOPE techniques can be potentially useful to discriminate the α,α-DMN isomers (2,6-DMN < 2,7-DMN < 2,3-DMN) as well as the β,β-DMN isomers (1,5-DMN < 1,4-DMN < 1,8-DMN). The (hyper)polarizability differences among the investigated DMNs were elucidated through density analysis calculations. The predicted polarizabilities exhibit good linear relationships with the experimental first-order biomass-normalized rate coefficient, a physicochemical property connected to the rates of biodegradation processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alparone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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33
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Coe BJ, Avramopoulos A, Papadopoulos MG, Pierloot K, Vancoillie S, Reis H. Theoretical modelling of photoswitching of hyperpolarisabilities in ruthenium complexes. Chemistry 2013; 19:15955-63. [PMID: 24123546 PMCID: PMC4068215 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Static excited-state polarisabilities and hyperpolarisabilities of three RuII ammine complexes are computed at the density functional theory (DFT) and several correlated ab initio levels. Most accurate modelling of the low energy electronic absorption spectrum is obtained with the hybrid functionals B3LYP, B3P86 or M06 for the complex [RuII(NH3)5(MeQ+)]3+ (MeQ+=N-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium, 3) in acetonitrile. The match with experimental data is less good for [RuII(NH3)5L]3+ (L=N-methylpyrazinium, 2; N-methyl-4-{E,E-4-(4-pyridyl)buta-1,3-dienyl}pyridinium, 4). These calculations confirm that the first dipole- allowed excited state (FDAES) has metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) character. Both the solution and gas-phase results obtained for 3 by using B3LYP, B3P86 or M06 are very similar to those from restricted active-space SCF second-order perturbation theory (RASPT2) with a very large basis set and large active space. However, the time-dependent DFT λmax predictions from the long-range corrected functionals CAM-B3LYP, LC-ωPBE and wB97XB and also the fully ab initio resolution of identity approximate coupled-cluster method (gas-phase only) are less accurate for all three complexes. The ground state (GS) two-state approximation first hyperpolarisability β2SA for 3 from RASPT2 is very close to that derived experimentally via hyper-Rayleigh scattering, whereas the corresponding DFT-based values are considerably larger. The β responses calculated by using B3LYP, B3P86 or M06 increase markedly as the π-conjugation extends on moving along the series 2→4, for both the GS and FDAES species. All three functionals predict substantial FDAES β enhancements for each complex, increasing with the π-conjugation, up to about sevenfold for 4. Also, the computed second hyperpolarisabilities γ generally increase in the FDAES, but the results vary between the different functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Coe
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL (UK).
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34
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Li T, Jevric M, Hauptmann JR, Hviid R, Wei Z, Wang R, Reeler NEA, Thyrhaug E, Petersen S, Meyer JAS, Bovet N, Vosch T, Nygård J, Qiu X, Hu W, Liu Y, Solomon GC, Kjaergaard HG, Bjørnholm T, Nielsen MB, Laursen BW, Nørgaard K. Ultrathin reduced graphene oxide films as transparent top-contacts for light switchable solid-state molecular junctions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4164-4170. [PMID: 23765569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new type of solid-state molecular junction is introduced, which employs reduced graphene oxide as a transparent top contact that permits a self-assembled molecular monolayer to be photoswitched in situ, while simultaneously enabling charge-transport measurements across the molecules. The electrical switching behavior of a less-studied molecular switch, dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene, is described, which is used as a test case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
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35
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The symmetric and asymmetric thiophene-fused benzocarborane: structures and first hyperpolarizabilities. J Mol Model 2013; 19:3741-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Broman SL, Jevric M, Nielsen MB. Linear Free-Energy Correlations for the Vinylheptafulvene Ring Closure: A Probe for Hammett σ Values. Chemistry 2013; 19:9542-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Alparone A. Electron correlation effects and density analysis of the first-order hyperpolarizability of neutral guanine tautomers. J Mol Model 2013; 19:3095-102. [PMID: 23605138 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dipole moments (μ), charge distributions, and static electronic first-order hyperpolarizabilities (β(μ)) of the two lowest-energy keto tautomers of guanine (7H and 9H) were determined in the gas phase using Hartree-Fock, Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2 and MP4), and DFT (PBE1PBE, B97-1, B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP) methods with Dunning's correlation-consistent aug-cc-pVDZ and d-aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets. The most stable isomer 7H exhibits a μ value smaller than that of the 9H form by a factor of ca. 3.5. The β μ value of the 9H tautomer is strongly dependent on the computational method employed, as it dramatically influences the β(μ) (9H)/β(μ) (7H) ratio, which at the highest correlated MP4/aug-cc-pVDZ level is predicted to be ca. 5. The Coulomb-attenuating hybrid exchange-correlation CAM-B3LYP method is superior to the conventional PBE1PBE, B3LYP, and B97-1 functionals in predicting the β(μ) values. Differences between the largest diagonal hyperpolarizability components were clarified through hyperpolarizability density analyses. Dipole moment and first-order hyperpolarizability are molecular properties that are potentially useful for distinguishing the 7H from the 9H tautomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alparone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
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38
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Shahzad N, Nisa RU, Ayub K. Substituents effect on thermal electrocyclic reaction of dihydroazulene–vinylheptafulvene photoswitch: a DFT study to improve the photoswitch. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Serra-Crespo P, van der Veen MA, Gobechiya E, Houthoofd K, Filinchuk Y, Kirschhock CEA, Martens JA, Sels BF, De Vos DE, Kapteijn F, Gascon J. NH2-MIL-53(Al): A High-Contrast Reversible Solid-State Nonlinear Optical Switch. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8314-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Serra-Crespo
- Catalysis Engineering, Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Monique A. van der Veen
- Centre for Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Molecular Electronics and Photonics,
Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Gobechiya
- Centre for Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Houthoofd
- Centre for Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yaroslav Filinchuk
- Institute of Condensed Matter
and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christine E. A. Kirschhock
- Centre for Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Centre for Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk E. De Vos
- Centre for Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Freek Kapteijn
- Catalysis Engineering, Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Gascon
- Catalysis Engineering, Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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40
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Zhong RL, Xu HL, Muhammad S, Zhang J, Su ZM. The stability and nonlinear optical properties: Encapsulation of an excess electron compound LiCN⋯Li within boron nitride nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Zhong RL, Zhang J, Muhammad S, Hu YY, Xu HL, Su ZM. Boron/Nitrogen Substitution of the Central Carbon Atoms of the Biphenalenyl Diradical π Dimer: A Novel 2e-12c Bond and Large NLO Responses. Chemistry 2011; 17:11773-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Plaquet A, Champagne B, Kulhánek J, Bureš F, Bogdan E, Castet F, Ducasse L, Rodriguez V. Effects of the nature and length of the π-conjugated bridge on the second-order nonlinear optical responses of push-pull molecules including 4,5-dicyanoimidazole and their protonated forms. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:3245-52. [PMID: 21830291 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical and experimental methods of characterization have been employed to investigate a series of six push-pull molecules containing a 4,5-dicyanoimidazole acceptor (A) unit, a N,N-dimethylamino donor (D) group, and systematically enlarged π-conjugated linkers (π) with the view of assessing their first hyperpolarizabilities (β) as well as their variations upon protonation. The results demonstrated that protonation occurred at the N,N-dimethylamino function, which led to disruption of the electronic charge-transfer delocalization: the A-π-D pattern of the neutral species with large β values was transformed into an A-π-A' pattern, which displayed much smaller β values. This feature makes these systems applicable as pH-triggered nonlinear optics (NLO) switches. In particular, protonation led to a decrease of the hyper-Rayleigh scattering first hyperpolarizabilities by at least one order of magnitude as well as to a decrease of the depolarization ratio, from about five for neutral species, which also supported the 1D-like NLO-phore nature, to about two for the protonated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Plaquet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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43
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Perrier A, Maurel F, Jacquemin D. Diarylethene-dihydroazulene multimode photochrome: a theoretical spectroscopic investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:13791-9. [PMID: 21720612 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21007f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory, we have assessed the structural, energetic and spectroscopic properties of a hybrid diarylethene-dihydroazulene multi-addressable switch synthesized by Mrozek et al. [Chem. Commun., 1999, 1487-1488]. All possible closed/open structures have been considered and the different activation barriers along each reaction path have been evaluated. The determination of the energetic profiles allowed us to pinpoint the thermally possible reactions. To simulate the electronic absorption spectra of this compact two-way four-state hybrid compound, we relied on a PCM-TD-DFT approach combined with a molecular orbital analysis. Key insights are reached and the experimental photochromic properties of this multi-component switch are rationalised. From a more methodological point of view, this work also shows that range-separated hybrid functionals (CAM-B3LYP and ωB97XD) allow to reproduce the measured spectroscopic features with a remarkable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Perrier
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue JA de Baif, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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44
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Petersen MÅ, Broman SL, Kilså K, Kadziola A, Nielsen MB. Gaining Control: Direct Suzuki Arylation of Dihydroazulenes and Tuning of Photo- and Thermochromism. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Broman SL, Petersen MA, Tortzen CG, Kadziola A, Kilså K, Nielsen MB. Arylethynyl derivatives of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene photo/thermoswitch: tuning the switching event. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9165-74. [PMID: 20552980 DOI: 10.1021/ja103235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A selection of dihydroazulene (DHA) photoswitches incorporating an arylethynyl-substituent in the seven-membered ring was prepared by palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions employing a suitable bromo-functionalized DHA. Shielding of the alkyne bridge and separating the aryl and DHA units, by sterically demanding groups, was required to obtain stable compounds. The DHAs underwent a light-induced ring-opening to vinylheptafulvenes (VHFs) which were thermally converted to a mixture of two DHA regioisomers, one of which was the original one. The influence of the aryl groups on the DHA and VHF absorptions and on their interconversion was investigated in detail. The rates of the switching events were finely tuned by the donor or acceptor strength of the aryl group. The thermal ring closure was found to proceed most readily in the presence of an electron-donating group on the seven-membered ring. The rate constant was found to follow a Hammett linear free energy correlation, which signals that stabilization of a positive charge in the seven-membered ring plays a crucial role in the ring-closure reaction. In view of these findings, it was possible to control the switching event by protonation/deprotonation of an anilino-substituted DHA. Also, the light-induced ring opening reaction was strongly controlled by acid/base. In addition to the mesomeric effects exerted by an arylethynyl group, the inductive effects exerted by different groups on the thermal ring closure were elucidated. Although the alkyne bridge transmits the electronic character of the aryl group, the ring-closure is retarded for all the ethynylated compounds relative to the parent unsubstituted compound. Along with our synthesis of suitable arylalkynes, we discovered an interesting byproduct in a Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction involving a nitrophenyl group, namely a diaryl azoxy compound. Its structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Lindbaek Broman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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