1
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Singh V, Sinha N, Adhikari D. Photochemical pincer-catalyzed reductive cyclisation towards indolines and oxindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9542-9545. [PMID: 39145410 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
An organophotocatalytic method has been described towards the synthesis of indolines and oxindoles starting from unusual α-chloro amide and N-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-alkyl methacrylamide substrates. This marks a notable improvement since the earlier syntheses utilized iridium and gold catalysts, and involved C-I or C-Br bond cleavage as the initial step. Our photocatalyst is a pincer ligand that can be easily deprotonated to make a very strong reducing agent. The reductive cleavage of the carbon-chloride bond, and subsequent 5-exo-trig ring cyclization, followed by hydrogen atom abstraction, prepare the desired heterocycles under very mild reaction conditions. An atom economic use of KOtBu has been shown to demonstrate the unusual trifunctional role of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Nidhi Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Ropar-140001, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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2
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Ratzenböck A, Kobras M, Rustler A, Reiser O. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cyclopropane Ring-Opening-Cyclization Cascade Using Thioureas as a N,N-bisnucleophile: Synthesis of Bicyclic Furo-, Pyrano-, and Pyrrololactams via a Formal [4+1]-Addition. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401332. [PMID: 38897923 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Fused bicyclic cyclopropanes were converted by Lewis acid-catalysis with thioureas to furo-, pyrano, and pyrrololactams with yields of up to 99 % and high diastereoselectivity. The formation of the title compounds, representing a formal [4+1]-cycloaddition to a donor-acceptor substituted cyclopropane, follows a cascade reaction involving SN1-type ring-opening addition and cyclization. Thiourea, being a cost-effective and odorless reagent, acts as an N,N-bis-nucleophile to generate bicyclic compounds containing an N-substituted γ-lactam moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ratzenböck
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Kobras
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rustler
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Ni HQ, Alturaifi TM, Rodphon W, Scherschel NF, Yang S, Wang F, McAlpine IJ, Piercey DG, Liu P, Engle KM. Anti-selective Cyclopropanation of Nonconjugated Alkenes with Diverse Pronucleophiles via Directed Nucleopalladation. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39172733 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
A facile approach to obtaining densely functionalized cyclopropanes is described. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions via the directed nucleopalladation of nonconjugated alkenes with readily available pronucleophiles and gives excellent yields and good anti-selectivity using I2 and TBHP as oxidants. Pronucleophiles bearing a diverse collection of electron-withdrawing groups, including -CN, -CO2R, -COR, -SO2Ph, -CONHR, and -NO2, are well tolerated. Internal alkenes, which are generally challenging substrates in other cyclopropanation methods, provide excellent yields and good diastereoselectivity in this methodology, allowing for controlled access to cyclopropanes substituted at all three C atoms. DFT calculations and mechanistic experiments reveal that the major mechanistic pathway involves the initial α-iodination of the nucleophile, followed by anti-carbopalladation and intramolecular C(sp3)-I oxidative addition. Strain-release-promoted C(sp3)-C(sp3) reductive elimination then furnishes the cyclopropanated product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Turki M Alturaifi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Warabhorn Rodphon
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas F Scherschel
- Department of Materials Engineering and Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Shouliang Yang
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Fen Wang
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Indrawan J McAlpine
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
- Genesis Therapeutics, 11568 Sorrento Valley Rd. Suite 8, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Davin G Piercey
- Department of Materials Engineering and Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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4
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Cai Q, Chen L, Sun Y, Liu Q, Gao Y, Chen H. Green Late-Stage Functionalization of Tryptamines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401436. [PMID: 38869004 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid protocol for the oxidative halogenation of tryptamines with 10 % aqueous NaClO has been developed. This reaction is featured by its operational simplicity, metal-free conditions, no purification, and high yield. Notably, the resulting key intermediates are suitable for further functionalization with various nucleophiles, including amines, N-aromatic heterocycles, indoles and phenols. The overall transformation exhibits broad functional-group tolerance and is applicable to the late-stage functionalization of complex biorelevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiling Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qinying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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5
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Han X, Zhang N, Li Q, Zhang Y, Das S. The efficient synthesis of three-membered rings via photo- and electrochemical strategies. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02512a. [PMID: 39156935 PMCID: PMC11325197 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-membered rings, such as epoxides, aziridines, oxaziridines, cyclopropenes, vinyloxaziridines, and azirines, are recognized as crucial pharmacophores and building blocks in organic chemistry and drug discovery. Despite the significant advances in the synthesis of these rings through photo/electrochemical methods over the past decade, there has currently been no focused discussion and updated overviews on this topic. Therefore, we presented this review article on the efficient synthesis of three-membered rings using photo- and electrochemical strategies, covering the literature since 2015. In this study, a conceptual overview and detailed discussions were provided to illustrate the advancement of this field. Moreover, a brief discussion outlines the current challenges and opportunities in synthesizing the three-membered rings using these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Han
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qiannan Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth Bayreuth 95447 Germany
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6
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Liu Y, Yu Z, Li P, Yang T, Ding K, Zhang ZM, Tan Y, Li Z. Proteome-wide Ligand and Target Discovery by Using Strain-Enabled Cyclopropane Electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39018468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The evolving use of covalent ligands as chemical probes and therapeutic agents could greatly benefit from an expanded array of cysteine-reactive electrophiles for efficient and versatile proteome profiling. Herein, to expand the current repertoire of cysteine-reactive electrophiles, we developed a new class of strain-enabled electrophiles based on cyclopropanes. Proteome profiling has unveiled that C163 of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and C88 of adhesion regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1) are ligandable residues to modulate the protein functions. Moreover, fragment-based ligand discovery (FBLD) has revealed that one fragment (Y-35) shows strong reactivity toward C66 of thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 (TXD12), and its covalent binding has been demonstrated to impact its downstream signal pathways. TXD12 plays a pivotal role in enabling Y-35 to exhibit its antisurvival and antiproliferative effects. Finally, dicarbonitrile-cyclopropane has been demonstrated to be an electrophilic warhead in the development of GSTO1-involved dual covalent inhibitors, which is promising to alleviate drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development (MOE), Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development (MOE), Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development (MOE), Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development (MOE), Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development (MOE), Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development (MOE), Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development (MOE), Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development (MOE), Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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7
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Indurmuddam RR, Huang PC, Hong BC, Chien SY. Visible-Light-Photocatalyzed Self-Cyclopropanation Reactions of Dibenzoylmethanes for the Synthesis of Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:5752-5757. [PMID: 38949643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A new self-cyclopropanation of 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione, leading to tetrasubstituted cyclopropane containing three contiguous stereogenic centers with high stereoselectivity, has been achieved through violet-light-emitting diode-irradiated photocatalysis, featuring both cycloaddition and a distinctive rearrangement. Diverging from conventional cyclopropanation pathways, this reaction yields a tetrasubstituted cyclopropane through unprecedented rearrangement and cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Chi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ROC
| | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ROC
| | - Su-Ying Chien
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ROC
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8
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Reyes E, Uria U, Prieto L, Carrillo L, Vicario JL. Organocatalysis as an enabling tool for enantioselective ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7288-7298. [PMID: 38938176 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01933d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The rich reactivity profile of cyclopropanes has been extensively explored to trigger new organic transformations that enable unusual disconnective approaches to synthesize molecular motifs that are not easily reached through conventional reactions. In particular, the chemistry of cyclopropanes has received special attention in the last decade, with multiple new approaches that capitalize on the use of organocatalysis for the activation of the cyclopropane scaffold. This situation has also opened the possibility of developing enantioselective variants of many reactions that until now were only carried out in an enantiospecific or diastereoselective manner. Our group has been particularly active in this field, focusing more specifically on the use of aminocatalysis and Brønsted acid catalysis as major organocatalytic activation manifolds to trigger new unprecedented transformations involving cyclopropanes that add to the current toolbox of general methodologies available to organic chemists for the enantioselective synthesis of chiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Reyes
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Uxue Uria
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Liher Prieto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Luisa Carrillo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jose L Vicario
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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9
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Zhou P, Liang X, Xu Z, Chen H, Wei Z, Liang T, Jiang J, Zhang Z. Regiodivergent C-H alkynylation of 2-arylthiazoles switched by Ru II and Pd II catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6679-6682. [PMID: 38860866 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Two complementary regiodivergent C-H alkynylations of 2-arylthiazoles are reported. When RuII catalysis is employed, an aryl ortho-alkynylation process is favored. The alkynylated products are gained in good yields. With the use of PdII catalysis, a thiazole C5-alkynylation process is developed, allowing for the construction of C5-alkynylated products. This strategy not only expands the methods for the functionalization of 2-arylthiazoles, but also provides new opportunities for the rapid assembly of complex molecular structures, which may have great potential in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Zekun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Honggu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Zongwu Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
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10
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Borisov DD, Platonov DN, Sokolov NA, Novikov RA, Tomilov YV. Formal High-Order Cycloadditions of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Cycloheptatrienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202410081. [PMID: 38923229 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The design of various cycloaddition/annulation processes is one of the most intriguing challenges in the development of donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropane chemistry. In this work, a new class of formal high-order [6+n]-cycloaddition and annulation processes of D-A cyclopropanes with cycloheptatriene systems has been designed and reported, to fill a significant gap in the chemistry of D-A cyclopropanes. The reactivity of methylated cycloheptatrienes from Me1 to Me5 as well as unsubstituted cycloheptatriene was studied in detail under GaCl3 activation conditions, which makes it possible to efficiently generate gallium 1,2-zwitterionic complexes or 1,3-zwitterionic intermediates starting from D-A cyclopropanes, while other Lewis acids are ineffective and non-selective. New examples of formal [6+2]-, [6+3]-, [6+4]-, [6+1]-, and [4+2]-cycloaddition and annulation reactions with cycloheptatrienes along with more complex processes were discovered. Cycloheptatriene itself can also successfully act as a hydride anion donor, which allows the ionic hydrogenation of D-A cyclopropanes to be performed under mild conditions. As a result, a number of efficient and highly diastereoselective protocols for the synthesis of seven-membered carbocycles has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis D Borisov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry N Platonov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita A Sokolov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A Novikov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury V Tomilov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Huang H, Luan X, Zuo Z. Cooperative Photoredox and Cobalt-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Cyclopropylamides towards Allylic N,O-Acyl-acetal Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401579. [PMID: 38609328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We disclose herein a novel photoredox and cobalt co-catalyzed ring-opening/acceptorless dehydrogenative functionalization of mono-donor cyclopropanes. This sustainable and atom-economic approach allows the rapid assembly of a wide range of allylic N,O-acyl-acetal derivatives. The starting materials are readily available and the reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility. The optimized conditions accommodate assorted cycloalkylamides and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, with applications in late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds, stimulating further utility in medicinal chemistry. Moreover, selective nucleophilic substitutions with various carbon nucleophiles were achieved in a one-pot fashion, offering a reliable avenue to access some cyclic and acyclic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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12
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Harikumar S, Kandy LTK, Guin A, Biju AT. Lewis acid-catalyzed one-pot thioalkenylation of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes using in situ generated dithiocarbamates and propiolates. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1834-1838. [PMID: 38334700 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Lewis acid-catalyzed one-pot 1,3-thioalkenylation of donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes has been demonstrated employing in situ generated dithiocarbamates (from amines and CS2) as nucleophilic triggers and alkyl propiolates as electrophiles. This method addresses the limitations of previously known carbothiolation approach, eliminating the need for extra filtration prior to the subsequent trapping with electrophiles. The anticipated thioalkenylated products were obtained in good to excellent yields with a moderate to good E/Z ratio. Three new bonds (C-N, C-S, and C-C) are formed during this 1,3-bisfunctionalization reaction. Notably, employing enantiomerically pure D-A cyclopropanes resulted in enantiopure 1,3-thioalkenylated products, underscoring the stereospecific nature of the developed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevni Harikumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | | | - Avishek Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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13
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Wang J, Ye Q. Borirenes and Boriranes: Development and Perspectives. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303695. [PMID: 38085103 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Strained compounds constitute a highly topical area of research in chemistry. Borirene and borirane both feature a BC2 three-membered ring. They can be viewed as the structural analogues of cyclopropane and cyclopropene, where a CH2 unit of the carbonaceous counterparts is replaced with BH, respectively. Indeed, this structural variation introduces numerous intriguing aspects. For instance, borirane and borirene are both Lewis acidic due to the presence of a tricoordinate borane center. In addition, borirene is 2π aromatic according to Hückel's rule. In addition to their ability to form adducts with Lewis bases and the capacity of borirenes to act as ligands in coordination with metals, both borirenes and boriranes exhibit ring-opening reactivity due to the considerable ring strain. Under specific conditions, coordinated boriranes can even cleave two BC bonds to serve as formal borylene sources (although the reaction mechanisms are quite complex). On the other hand, recent successful syntheses of benzoborienes and their carborane-based three-dimensional analogues (also referred to as carborane-fused boriranes) have introduced novel perspectives to this field. For instance, they display excellent ring-expanding reactivity, possibly attributed to the boosted ring strain arising from the fusion of borirenes with benzene and boriranes with o-carborane. Importantly, their applications as valuable "BC2 " synthons have become increasingly evident along with the newly disclosed reactivity. Additionally, the boosted Lewis acidity of carborane-fused boriranes, thanks to the potent electron-withdrawing effect of o-carborane, combined with their readiness for ring enlargement, makes them promising candidates as electron-accepting building blocks in the construction of chemically responsive luminescent materials. This review provides a summary of the synthesis and reactivity of borirene and borirane derivatives, with the aim of encouraging the design of new borierene- and borirane-based molecules and inspiring further exploration of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Department of chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qing Ye
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry& Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Zhang X, Li Y, Fan W, Huang D. Direct transformation of nitriles to cyanide using chloride anion as catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2058-2061. [PMID: 38288669 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04339h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A simple method is explored for the scission of C-CN bonds into aldehyde and CN- in air. The transformation was mediated by chloride anions. The cyanide anions were extracted from the reaction solution to form (Et4N)2[Zn(CN)4] and (Et4N)2[Ni(CN)4]. A chloride-induced reaction mechanism is proposed based on experimental studies and DFT calculations. This work might guide the study of halogen catalysts for C-C bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Yinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Deguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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15
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Borisov DD, Novikov RA, Tomilov YV. Three-Component Synthesis of Substituted Perhydropyrans from β-Styrylmalonates, Aldehydes, and Alkoxyaluminum Dichlorides. Org Lett 2024; 26:1022-1027. [PMID: 38284999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A three-component synthesis of substituted dimethyl dihydro-2H-pyran-3,3(4H)-dicarboxylates in up to 80% yields by the reaction of β-styrylmalonates with aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of ROAlCl2 prepared in advance either by exposure of EtAlCl2 with air access or by mixing equimolar amounts of AlCl3 with a primary or secondary alcohol has been developed. If EtAlCl2, itself, is used, dihydro-2H-pyran-3,3(4H)-diesters are not formed at all, while dimerization of styrylmalonates by (4 + 2)-annulation-type to give substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes is the main process. The possibility of using the CH-O-Al fragment of alkoxyaluminum dichlorides in cycloaddition reactions with α-CH-functionalization has been shown for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis D Borisov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A Novikov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilov St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yury V Tomilov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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16
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Zaitseva ER, Opryshko VE, Ivanov DS, Mikhaylov AA, Smirnov AY, Baranov MS. Synthesis of chroman-annulated cyclopropanols via photoinduced intramolecular [2 + 1]-cycloaddition of 2-allyloxybenzaldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9082-9085. [PMID: 37942901 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01520c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
2-Allyloxybenzaldehydes undergo [2 + 1] cycloadditions under 365 nm LED irradiation to form the corresponding chroman-fused cyclopropanols. The reaction proceeds easily without any catalysts or additives in dimethyl sulfoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira R Zaitseva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Victoria E Opryshko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitrii S Ivanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Mikhaylov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Yu Smirnov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Baranov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Biswas S, Chandu P, Garai S, Sureshkumar D. Diastereoselective Hydroacylation of Cyclopropenes by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:7863-7867. [PMID: 37882545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and general strategy for the hydroacylation of cyclopropene is disclosed for synthesizing various 2-acylcyclopropane derivatives under mild reaction conditions. High functional group tolerance of this protocol features a novel route to access a divergent synthesis of acylated cyclopropane in a diastereoselective manner by photoinduced decarboxylation of α-ketoacid followed by acyl radical addition to cyclopropene. Additionally, the regioselective addition of acyl radical at the least substituted olefinic carbon center with trans-selective fashion makes this protocol more appealing toward natural product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Sumit Garai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
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18
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Suthar S, Mondal KC. Open shell versus closed shell bonding interaction in cyclopropane derivatives: EDA-NOCV analyses. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2184-2211. [PMID: 37530758 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropane ring is a very common motif in organic/bio-organic compounds. The chemical bonding of this strained ring is taught to all chemistry students. This three-membered cyclic, C3 ring is quite reactive which has attracted both, synthetic and theoretical chemists to rationalize/correlate its stability and bonding with its reactivity and physical properties over a century. There are a few bonding models (mainly the Bent-Bond model and Walsh model) of this C3 ring that are debated to date. Herein, we have carried out energy decomposition analysis coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) to study the two most reactive bonds of cyclopropane rings of 49 different organic compounds containing different functional groups to obtain a much deeper bonding insight toward a more general bonding model of this class of compounds. The EDA-NOCV analyses of fragment orbitals and susequent bond formation revealed that the nature of the CC bond of the cyclopropane (splitting two bonds at a time out of three CC bonds) ring is preferred to form two dative covalent CC bonds (between a singlet olefin-fragment and an excited singlet carbene-fragment with a vacant sp2 orbital and a filled p-orbital) for the majority (37/49) of compounds over two covalent electron sharing bonds in some (7/49) compounds (between an excited triplet olefin and triplet carbene), while a few (5/49) compounds show flexibility to adopt either the electron sharing or dative covalent bond as both are equally possible. The effects of functional groups on the nature of chemical bond in cyclopropane rings have been studied in detail. Our bonding analyses are in line with the QTAIM analyses which produce small negative values of the Laplacian, significantly positive values of bond ellipticity, and accumulation of electron densities around the ring critical point of C3 -rings. These corresponding QTAIM parameters of C3 -rings are quite different for CC single bonds of normal hydrocarbons as expected. The chemical bonding in the majority of cyclopropane rings can be very similar to those of metal-olefin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Suthar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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19
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Hazra A, Ghosh A, Yadav N, Banerjee P. Organocatalytic (3+3)-cycloaddition of ortho-substituted phenyl nitrones with aryl cyclopropane carbaldehydes: a facile access to enantioenriched 1,2-oxazinanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11133-11136. [PMID: 37650130 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The first asymmetric (3+3)-cycloaddition of ortho-substituted phenyl nitrones with aryl cyclopropane carbaldehydes has been demonstrated by secondary amine catalysts. While the other ortho-substituents gave 1,2-oxazinanes, ortho-hydroxy ones provided a novel class of tetrahydrochromeno-1,2-oxazine cores via rare 1,3-aryl migration, followed by cyclization. An unusual type of asymmetric approach was also recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Hazra
- Lab no-406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Asit Ghosh
- Lab no-406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Neeraj Yadav
- Lab no-406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Lab no-406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
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20
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Dong ZB, Gong Z, Dou Q, Cheng B, Wang T. A decade update on the application of β-oxodithioesters in heterocyclic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6806-6829. [PMID: 37555699 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The diverse synthesis of heterocyclic compounds has always been one of the popular subjects of organic chemistry. To this end, great efforts have been devoted to developing new reagents and establishing new strategies and methods concerning efficiency, selectivity and sustainability. β-Oxodithioesters and their enol tautomers (i.e., α-enolic dithioesters), as a class of simple and readily accessible sulfur-containing synthons, have been widely applied in the construction of various five- and six-membered heterocycles (e.g., thiophenes, thiopyrans, thiazoles, pyridines and quinolines) and other useful open-chain frameworks. Due to their unique chemical structures, β-oxodithioesters bear multiple reaction sites, which enable them to participate in two-component or multicomponent reactions to construct various heterocyclic compounds. In the past decade, the application of β-oxodithioesters in the synthesis of heterocycles has made remarkable progress. Herein, an update on the recent advances in the application of β-oxodithioesters in the synthesis of heterocycles during the period from 2013 to 2023/06 is provided. According to the different types of rings concerning heteroatoms in products, this review is divided into five sections under discussion including (i) synthesis of sulfur-containing heterocycles, (ii) synthesis of sulfur and nitrogen-containing heterocycles, (iii) synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, (iv) synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen-containing heterocycles, and (v) modification to other open-chain frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Zhiying Gong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qian Dou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bin Cheng
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Taimin Wang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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21
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Li Y, Feng J, Huang F, Baell JB. Synthesis of 3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Derivates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301017. [PMID: 37269044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles that have been found to be key structural features in a wide range of biologically active natural products, drugs, and agrochemicals. As a cutting-edge area, the synthesis of these derivatives has made spectacular progress in recent decades, with various transition-metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free catalytic systems being developed. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the efficient methods for the synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives since 2010, emphasizing the scope of substrates and synthesis' applications, as well as the mechanisms of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
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22
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He Z, Wang Z, Gao Z, Qian H, Ding W, Jin H, Liu Y, Zhou B. Aryl boronic acid-controlled divergent ring-contraction and ring-opening/isomerization reaction of tert-cyclobutanols enabled by nickel catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6493-6497. [PMID: 37529886 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00894k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we wish to present a nickel-catalyzed divergent ring-contraction and ring-opening/isomerization reaction of tert-cyclobutanols. The key to control these two different reaction pathways is to choose appropriate boronic acid, where the use of phenylboronic acid and pyrimidin-5-ylboronic acid enables a ring-contraction and ring-opening reaction/isomerization, respectively. Both cyclopropyl aryl methanones and 1-aryl butan-1-ones could be selectively obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zhengwen Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zhao Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Hongwei Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Wangqiannan Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Hongwei Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yunkui Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Bingwei Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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23
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Poudel DP, Pokhrel A, Tak RK, Shankar M, Giri R. Photosensitized O 2 enables intermolecular alkene cyclopropanation by active methylene compounds. Science 2023; 381:545-553. [PMID: 37535731 PMCID: PMC11216814 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are key features in many preclinical, clinical, and commercial drugs, as well as natural products. The most prolific technique for their synthesis is the metal-catalyzed reaction of an alkene with a diazoalkane, a highly energetic reagent requiring stringent safety precautions. Discovery of alternative innocuous reagents remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, we report a simple photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular cyclopropanation of unactivated alkenes with active methylene compounds. The reaction proceeds in neutral solvent under air or dioxygen (O2) with a photoredox catalyst excited by blue light-emitting diode light and an iodine co-catalyst that is either added as molecular iodine or generated in situ from alkyl iodides. Mechanistic investigations indicate that photosensitized O2 plays a vital role in the generation of carbon-centered radicals for both the addition of active methylene compounds to alkenes and the ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba P. Poudel
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | | | | | - Majji Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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24
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Lin HZ, Qi Z, Wu QM, Jiang YY, Peng JB. Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric hydrocyclopropanylation of alkynes: synthesis of cyclopropane-fused γ-lactams. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7564-7568. [PMID: 37449077 PMCID: PMC10337766 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric hydrocyclopropanylation of alkynes via C(sp3)-H activation has been developed for the synthesis of cyclopropane-fused γ-lactams. The presented strategy proceeds in a selective and 100% atom-economical manner. A range of cyclopropane-fused γ-lactams were prepared from readily available substrates in good yields and enantioselectivities with a chiral phosphoramidite ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ze Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Qi
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Min Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Yu Jiang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 People's Republic of China
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25
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Debnath B, Sarkar T, Karjee P, Purkayastha SK, Guha AK, Punniyamurthy T. Palladium-Catalyzed Annulative Coupling of Spirovinylcyclopropyl Oxindoles with p-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37437136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed annulative coupling of spirovinylcyclopropyl oxindoles with p-quinone methides has been accomplished via cascade carbon-carbon bond formation to afford bis-spirooxindole scaffolds. The mild reaction conditions, diastereoselectivity, functional group diversity, post-synthetic transformations, and mechanistic studies using DFT calculations are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Tanumay Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Pallab Karjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | | | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, India
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26
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Nan J, Huang G, Liu S, Wang J, Ma Y, Luan X. In(OTf) 3-catalyzed reorganization/cycloaddition of two imine units and subsequent modular assembly of acridinium photocatalysts. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5160-5166. [PMID: 37206409 PMCID: PMC10189902 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a novel reorganization/cycloaddition between two imine units catalyzed by In(OTf)3 Lewis acid that differs from the well-known [4 + 2] cycloaddition version via the Povarov reaction. By means of this unprecedented imine chemistry, a collection of synthetically useful dihydroacridines has been synthesized. Notably, the obtained products give rise to a series of structurally novel and fine-tuneable acridinium photocatalysts, offering a heuristic paradigm for synthesis and efficiently facilitating several encouraging dihydrogen coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Nan
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Guanjie Huang
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Shilei Liu
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710021 China
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27
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Abstract
Cyclopropanes that carry an electron-accepting group react as electrophiles in polar, ring-opening reactions. Analogous reactions at cyclopropanes with additional C2 substituents allow one to access difunctionalized products. Consequently, functionalized cyclopropanes are frequently used building blocks in organic synthesis. The polarization of the C1-C2 bond in 1-acceptor-2-donor-substituted cyclopropanes not only favorably enhances reactivity toward nucleophiles but also directs the nucleophilic attack toward the already substituted C2 position. Monitoring the kinetics of non-catalytic ring-opening reactions with a series of thiophenolates and other strong nucleophiles, such as azide ions, in DMSO provided the inherent SN2 reactivity of electrophilic cyclopropanes. The experimentally determined second-order rate constants k 2 for cyclopropane ring-opening reactions were then compared to those of related Michael additions. Interestingly, cyclopropanes with aryl substituents at the C2 position reacted faster than their unsubstituted analogues. Variation of the electronic properties of the aryl groups at C2 gave rise to parabolic Hammett relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eitzinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5–13, 81377München, Germany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5–13, 81377München, Germany
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28
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Gore BS, Wang JJ. Visible-light-induced oxidant/additive-free atom-economic synthesis of multifunctionalized cyclopropanes via energy transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5878-5881. [PMID: 37096547 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01021j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe intramolecular cascade reactions enabling the synthesis of bridged cyclopropanes, via the photoinduced energy-transfer catalysis of tethered conjugated dienes. Photocatalysis affords the efficient synthesis of complex tricyclic compounds that exhibit multiple stereocenters from readily accessible starting materials that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. This single-step reaction is characterized by its broad substrate scope, atom-economy, excellent selectivity, and satisfactory yield, which includes a facile scale-up synthesis and synthetic transformation. An in-depth mechanistic study reveals that the reaction proceeds via an energy-transfer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babasaheb Sopan Gore
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Jeh-Jeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
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29
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Bao M, Doyle MP. Stereoretentive Catalytic [3 + 2]/[3 + 3]-Cycloaddition of Nonracemic Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrolidines and 1,2-Oxazinanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:3029-3033. [PMID: 37079926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective preparation of substituted pyrrolidines and 1,2-oxazinanes has been achieved via stereoretentive [3 + 2]/[3 + 3]-cycloaddition of nonracemic donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with imines, triazines, and nitrones in good to high yields with broad scope under mild reaction conditions. In comparison with the well-documented approach to donor-acceptor cyclopropane reactions using racemic cyclopropane reactants and a catalyst with chiral ligands, this report features applications of enantioenriched donor-acceptor cyclopropanes as cycloadduct reactants with achiral catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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30
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Yuan B, Zhang C, Dong H, Wang C. Iron-Catalyzed Reductive Ring Opening/ gem-Difluoroallylation of Cyclopropyl Ketones. Org Lett 2023; 25:1883-1888. [PMID: 36912491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
By merging C-C and C-F bond cleavage, we developed a regioselective ring opening/gem-difluoroallylation of cyclopropyl ketones with α-trifluoromethylstyrenes, which proceeds under the catalysis of iron with the combination of manganese and TMSCl as the reducing agents, providing a new entry to the synthesis of carbonyl-containing gem-difluoroalkenes. Remarkably, the ketyl radical-induced selective C-C bond cleavage and the following generation of more-stable carbon-centered radicals enable complete regiocontrol of this ring opening reaction for various substitution patterns of the cyclopropane ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | | | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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31
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Prakash M, Samanta S. Base-promoted cyclization of ortho-hydroxyacetophenones with in situ generated cyclopropenes: diastereoselective access to spirobenzo[ b]oxepines and related precursors. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2001-2014. [PMID: 36789745 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented [5 + 2] spirocyclization route to obtain a vital class of functionalized spirobenzo[b]oxepine-cyclopropanes in good to high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities is reported. This domino reaction proceeds through a regioselective oxa-Michael addition of ortho-hydroxyacetophenones as 1,5-binucleophiles to in situ produced highly reactive cyclopropenes from 2-aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates triggered by Cs2CO3 and the subsequent intramolecular aldol reaction under heating conditions, enabling the formation of new C-O and C-C bonds for benzo[b]oxepine ring synthesis. Moreover, at ambient temperature, the above C-O/C-C bond-forming event takes place preferentially via a [4 + 2] annulation path over a spirocyclization route, leading to substituted fused-cyclopropanes with good diastereoselectivities. Gratifyingly, further alterations of the obtained spirobenzo[b]oxepines and tetrahydrocyclopropa[b]chromenes afford fascinating classes of 4H-chromen-4-ones and cyclopenta[c]chromenes, respectively, under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meher Prakash
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Discipline of Chemistry, 453552, Indore, India.
| | - Sampak Samanta
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Discipline of Chemistry, 453552, Indore, India.
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32
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Zhang J, Xu W, Xu MH. Low Coordination State Rh I -Complex as High Performance Catalyst for Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanation: Construction of penta-Substituted Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216799. [PMID: 36602264 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple, broad-scope rhodium(I)/chiral diene catalytic system for challenging asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation of various tri-substituted allylic diazoacetates was successfully developed. The low coordination state RhI -complex exhibits an extraordinarily high degree of tolerance to the variation in the extent of substitution of the allyl double bond, thus allowing the efficient construction of a wide range of penta-substituted, fused-ring cyclopropanes bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers, including two quaternary carbon stereocenters, in a highly enantioselective manner with ease at catalyst loading as low as 0.1 mol %. The stereoinduction mode of this RhI -carbene-directed asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation was investigated by DFT calculations, indicating that π-π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of chiral diene ligand and diazo substrate play a key role in the control of the reaction enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyou Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weici Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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33
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Zhang D, Chen L, Deng H, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Zhang QF. Asymmetric ring-opening reactions of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 1,3-cyclodiones. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7432-7435. [PMID: 36895764 PMCID: PMC9990749 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08257h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric ring-opening reactions of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 1,3-cyclodiones have been established for the synthesis of enantioenriched γ-hydroxybutyric acid derivatives in the presence of Cu(ii)/trisoxazoline catalyst. These reactions offered the desired products in 70% to 93% yields with 79% to 99% enantiomeric excesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology No. 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan 243002 China
| | - Lvjia Chen
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology No. 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan 243002 China
| | - Huiqing Deng
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology No. 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan 243002 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology No. 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan 243002 China
| | - Qihang Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology No. 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan 243002 China
| | - Qian-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology No. 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan 243002 China
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34
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Hazra A, Kanji T, Banerjee P. Merging Two Strained Carbocycles: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Remote Site-Selective Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of in Situ Generated β-Naphthol. J Org Chem 2023; 88:960-971. [PMID: 36578165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acid catalyzed tandem activation of the two smallest carbocycles, 3-ethoxy cyclobutanones, and donor-acceptor cyclopropanes has been demonstrated. The diphenyl-substituted 3-ethoxy cyclobutanone rearranges itself by intramolecular cyclization for the in situ generation of 1-phenyl 2-naphthol, which further undergoes remote site-selective Friedel-Crafts alkylation with donor-acceptor cyclopropane to synthesize a series of γ-naphthyl butyric acid derivatives. Further control experiments for mechanistic investigations and synthetic applications have also been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Tanmay Kanji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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35
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Gopal B, Singh PR, Kumar M, Goswami A. Synthesis of Indole-Fused Dihydrothiopyrano Scaffolds via (3 + 3)-Annulations of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Indoline-2-Thiones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:132-142. [PMID: 36524970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology for the synthesis of N-haloindole-fused dihydrothiopyrano derivatives via (3 + 3)-annulation of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) with indoline-2-thiones in the presence of Sc(OTf)3 as a Lewis acid catalyst has been developed. This protocol provides a variety of indole-fused dihydrothiopyrano molecules in good to excellent yields, which architecturally resemble other indole-fused tricyclic molecules having potential medicinal value. In addition, we have described a detailed reaction mechanism and transformation of the furnished product into N-fused thiazino indole molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braj Gopal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, SS Bhatnagar Block, Main Campus, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Prasoon Raj Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, SS Bhatnagar Block, Main Campus, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Madan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, SS Bhatnagar Block, Main Campus, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Avijit Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, SS Bhatnagar Block, Main Campus, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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36
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Fischer D, Lindner H, Amberg WM, Carreira EM. Intermolecular Organophotocatalytic Cyclopropanation of Unactivated Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:774-780. [PMID: 36607827 PMCID: PMC9853868 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular cyclopropanation of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted olefins with α-bromo-β-ketoesters and α-bromomalonates under organophotocatalysis is reported. The reaction displays broad functional group tolerance, including substrates bearing acids, alcohols, halides, ethers, ketones, nitriles, esters, amides, carbamates, silanes, stannanes, boronic esters, as well as arenes, and furnishes highly substituted cyclopropanes. The transformation may be performed in the presence of air and moisture with 0.5 mol % of a benzothiazinoquinoxaline as organophotocatalyst. Mechanistic investigations, involving Stern-Volmer quenching, quantum yield determination, and deuteration experiments, are carried out, and a catalytic cycle for the transformation is discussed.
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37
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Knyazev DA, Belaya MA, Volodin AD, Korlyukov AA, Novikov RA, Tomilov YV. Gallium trichloride-mediated reactions of ‘double’ donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with alkenes and dienes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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38
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Dimerization/Elimination of β-Styrylmalonates under Action of TiCl 4. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010270. [PMID: 36615464 PMCID: PMC9822291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of dimerization of dimethyl (β-styryl)malonates in the presence of TiCl4 accompanied by elimination of a methanol molecule was discovered. Selective methods for the synthesis of substituted trimethyl 4-hydroxy-[1,1'-biaryl]-3,3,5(2H)-tricarboxylates and trimethyl 7-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-5,9-methanobenzo[8]annulene-6,8,8(5H)-tricarboxylates were developed. The regularities of the occurring processes were determined and a similar reaction of β-styrylmalonate with benzylidenemalonate in the presence of TiCl4 was performed in the scope of the suggested mechanism.
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39
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Tang T, Wang Q, Cao S, Yang CJ, He Z. Cascade Ring-Opening/Cyclization Reaction of Spiro(nitrocyclopropane)oxindoles with Huisgen Zwitterions and Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4- b]indoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16707-16721. [PMID: 36473167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a ring-opening/cyclization cascade reaction of spiro(nitrocyclopropane)oxindoles with in situ generated Huisgen zwitterions (HZs) from PPh3 and azodicarboxylates. This reaction provides an array of polyfunctionalized pyrazolo[3,4-b]indole derivatives in moderate-to-excellent yields and generally high stereoselectivities with a broad substrate scope. The annulation products obtained from di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylates can be readily transformed into aromatic-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]indoles in moderate yields upon treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, thus providing a new entry to this fused heterocycle skeleton. In terms of nitro-substituted donor-acceptor cyclopropane, this work significantly broadens the substrate scope for the annulation reaction of nitrocyclopropanes and HZs. The dual roles of the oxindole moiety in the ring opening of cyclopropane and a plausible mechanism for the cascade reaction are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shixuan Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Zhengjie He
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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40
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Pramanik S, Saha P, Ghosh P, Mukhopadhyay C. Substrate specific ring opening annulations of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 3-phenacylidene-2-oxindoles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Deng H, Cheng Q, Cai H, Zhang D, Zhang QF. Ring Opening of Cyclopropyl Ketones with 1,3-Diketones for the Synthesis of 1,6-Diketone Derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Ye M, Xu F, Bai Y, Zhang F, Wang W, Qian Y, Chen Z. Base-promoted highly efficient synthesis of nitrile-substituted cyclopropanes via Michael-initiated ring closure. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28576-28579. [PMID: 36320497 PMCID: PMC9536251 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and efficient annulation reaction has been developed for the general synthesis of dinitrile-substituted cyclopropanes in moderate to excellent yields. A variety of 2-arylacetonitriles and α-bromoennitriles were compatible under the standard conditions. The reaction was achieved through tandem Michael-type addition followed by intramolecular cyclization. The preliminary application of this method was confirmed by the synthesis of the 2,4-dioxo-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Fan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Yun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Fanglian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Yiping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Zhengwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
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43
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Abstract
The various facets of the chemistry of cyclopropane derivatives, the smallest carbocycle, are amazingly diverse and continue to fascinate theoreticians, synthetic or structural chemists having interest in fundamental physical, medicinal chemistry, and natural product synthesis. The challenges generated by this intriguing cyclic arrangement of only three tetravalent carbons represent a wide area of the chemical spectrum. From fundamental aspects of bonding through the synthesis of highly strained molecules, the understanding of the mode of action in biological systems to the selective cleavage into acyclic substrates makes the chemistry of these small rings fascinating. Therefore, efficient routes to prepare differently polysubstituted cyclopropanes have always been of a primordial importance. In the past decade, we and others have expanded the scope of the carbometalation reaction of cyclopropenes as a broad and general method to the formation of stereodefined cyclopropane derivatives. Although cyclopropenes, with their even higher strain energy, easily undergo addition reactions of organometallic reagents, their carbometalation reactions generate new regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity issues that needed to be addressed. These various stereochemical aspects accompanied our research from its origins to today, and we are proposing in this Account, a didactic overview of the different ways by which cyclopropenes can lead to the formation of polysubstituted cyclopropanes or open-products possessing several stereogenic centers as a single regio- and diastereomer.We initially launched our research campaign on the chemistry of these strained three-membered rings by the regio- and diastereoselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation of enantiomerically enriched cyclopropenyl carbinols. The directing alcohol governed both the regio- and diastereoselectivity of the addition and also served as a good leaving group as it undergoes a selective 1,2-elimination reaction to provide enantioenriched alkylidenecyclopropanes in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses. Then, we turned our attention to the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of stereodefined tri- and tetrasubstituted cyclopropanes through the diastereoselective addition to sp2- monosubstituted cyclopropenyl ester derivatives. With the aim to further expand this concept to the formation of penta- and hexa-substituted cyclopropanes as single isomer, we had first to design the preparation of the required 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropenes that would control the regioselective addition of the organometallic derivatives. The synthesis of penta- and hexa-substituted cyclopropanes was then reported for the first time as a single regio- and diastereomer. It should be noted that the in situ formed cyclopropyl-metal intermediate is configurationally stable and can be subsequently functionalized with pure retention of the configuration by addition of electrophiles. Then, the enantioselective-catalyzed carbometalation reaction of achiral cyclopropenes allowed the synthesis of several new classes of cyclopropane derivatives in high enantiomeric ratios. Finally, by combining the regio- and diastereoselective carbometalation reaction of a cyclopropene with a subsequent reaction of the resulting cyclopropylmetal species, a selective carbon-carbon bond cleavage was observed to lead to the preparation of acyclic substrates possessing several stereocenters including a quaternary carbon stereogenic center. Our original vision of using strain within an embedded double bond in a three-membered ring has provided new routes to the stereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted cyclopropanes and has been extremely successful, as it represents a current new tool for the synthesis of persubstituted cyclopropanes as a single diastereomer.
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44
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Yu R, Cai S, Li C, Fang X. Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroaryloxy‐ and Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200733. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Song‐Zhou Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Can Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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45
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Nicolai S, Waser J. (4+3) Annulation of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Azadienes: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Azepanones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209006. [PMID: 35833420 PMCID: PMC9545371 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Azepanes are important seven‐membered heterocycles, which are present in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. However, the development of convergent synthetic methods to access them remains challenging. Herein, we report the Lewis acid catalyzed (4+3) annulative addition of aryl and amino donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes with 2‐aza‐1,3‐dienes. Densely substituted azepane derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The reaction occurred under mild conditions with ytterbium triflate as the catalyst. The use of copper triflate with a trisoxazoline (Tox) ligand led to an enantioselective transformation. The obtained cycloadducts were convenient substrates for a series of further modifications, showing the synthetic utility of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nicolai
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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46
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Long Y, Zheng S, Feng Y, Yang Z, Xu X, Song H. Kinetic Solvent Isotope Effect in P450-Mediated Cyclization in Indolactams: Evidence for Branched Reactions and Guide for Their Modulation in Heterocycle Chemoenzymatic Synthesis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xinlei Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Heng Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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47
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Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroaryloxy‐ and Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Nicolai S, Waser J. (4+3) Annulation of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Azadienes: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Azepanones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nicolai
- EPFL ISIC: Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques SB ISIC EPFL SB ISIC LCSOBCH 4301 (Batochime UNIL)Av. F.-A. Forel 2 1015 Lausanne SWITZERLAND
| | - Jerome Waser
- EPFL: Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne SB, Institut des sciences et ingénierie chimiques EPFL SB ISIC LCSOBCH 4306 (Bât. BCH)Av. F.-A. Forel 2 1015 Lausanne SWITZERLAND
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49
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Wang H, Zhang M, Xie M, Guo H. Lewis Acid Catalyzed (3+2)‐Cycloadditions of Chiral Pyrimidinyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes with Nitrosoarenes or Silyl Enol Ethers. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Xia Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Mi‐Mi Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Ming‐Sheng Xie
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Hai‐Ming Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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50
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Kar S, Sarkar T, Maharana PK, Guha AK, Punniyamurthy T. Bi-Catalyzed 1,2-Reactivity of Spirocyclopropyl Oxindoles with Dithianediol: Access to Spiroheterocycles. Org Lett 2022; 24:4965-4970. [PMID: 35770789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The efficient Bi-catalyzed 1,2-reactivity of spirocyclopropyl oxindoles has been disclosed with dithianediols as the sulfur surrogate to furnish spiroheterocycles at moderate temperature. The procedure provides a potential approach for the construction of spirotetrahydrothiophene scaffolds with functional group diversity. The catalytic 1,2-reactivity of cyclopropanes, mechanistic studies using density functional theory studies, diastereoselectivity, and additive-free mild conditions are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradeep Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Tanumay Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Prabhat K Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati 781001, India
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