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Martynov IV, Inasaridze LN, Troshin PA. Resist or Oxidize: Identifying Molecular Structure-Photostability Relationships for Conjugated Polymers Used in Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202101336. [PMID: 34519424 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although organic solar cells have started to demonstrate competitive power conversion efficiencies of >18 %, their operational lifetimes remain insufficient for wide practical use and the factors influencing the photostability of absorber materials and completed devices are still not completely understood. A systematic study of two series of structurally similar [XTBT]n and [XTTBTBTT]n polymers (16 structures in total) reveals the building blocks that enable the highest material stability towards photooxidation: fluorene, silafluorene, carbazole, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and isoindigo. Furthermore, a direct correlation is evident between the electronic properties of the conjugated polymers and their reactivity towards oxygen. The structures with the lowest highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies show the highest electrochemical oxidation potentials and appear to be the most resistant towards chemical oxidation. These relationships set important guidelines for the further rational design of new absorber materials for efficient and stable organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Martynov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Liana N Inasaridze
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Troshin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russian Federation
- Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
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2
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Kobayashi S, Ashiya M, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Yamamoto Y, Isono T, Satoh T. Suzuki-Miyaura Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation of Triolborate-Type Carbazole Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234168. [PMID: 34883672 PMCID: PMC8659485 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst-transfer polycondensation (SCTP) of triolborate-type carbazole monomers, i.e., potassium 3-(6-bromo-9-(2-octyldodecyl)-9H-carbazole-2-yl)triolborate (M1) and potassium 2-(7-bromo-9-(2-octyldodecyl)-9H-carbazole-2-yl) triolborate (M2), as an efficient and versatile approach for precisely synthesizing poly[9-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-carbazole] (3,6-PCz) and poly[9-(2-octyldodecyl)-2,7-carbazole] (2,7-PCz), respectively. The SCTP of triolborate-type carbazole monomers was performed in a mixture of THF/H2O using an initiating system consisted of 4-iodobenzyl alcohol, Pd2(dba)3•CHCl3, and t-Bu3P. In the SCTP of M1, cyclic by-product formation was confirmed, as reported for the corresponding pinacolboronate-type monomer. By optimizing the reaction temperature and reaction time, we successfully synthesized linear end-functionalized 3,6-PCz for the first time. The SCTP of M2 proceeded with almost no side reaction, yielding 2,7-PCz with a functional initiator residue at the α-chain end. Kinetic and block copolymerization experiments demonstrated that the SCTP of M2 proceeded in a chain-growth and controlled/living polymerization manner. This is a novel study on the synthesis of 2,7-PCz via SCTP. By taking advantage of the well-controlled nature of this polymerization system, we demonstrated the synthesis of high-molecular-weight 2,7-PCzs (Mn = 5–38 kg mol−1) with a relatively narrow ÐM (1.35–1.48). Furthermore, we successfully synthesized fluorene/carbazole copolymers as well as 2,7-PCz-containing diblock copolymers, demonstrating the versatility of the present polymerization system as a novel synthetic strategy for well-defined polycarbazole-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saburo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mayoh Ashiya
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yasunori Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.T.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.T.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (T.S.)
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Socol M, Preda N. Hybrid Nanocomposite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1117. [PMID: 33925952 PMCID: PMC8145415 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuing growth in global energy consumption and the growing concerns regarding climate change and environmental pollution are the strongest drivers of renewable energy deployment. Solar energy is the most abundant and cleanest renewable energy source available. Nowadays, photovoltaic technologies can be regarded as viable pathways to provide sustainable energy generation, the achievement attained in designing nanomaterials with tunable properties and the progress made in the production processes having a major impact in their development. Solar cells involving hybrid nanocomposite layers have, lately, received extensive research attention due to the possibility to combine the advantages derived from the properties of both components: flexibility and processability from the organic part and stability and optoelectronics features from the inorganic part. Thus, this review provides a synopsis on hybrid solar cells developed in the last decade which involve composite layers deposited by spin-coating, the most used deposition method, and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation, a relatively new deposition technique. The overview is focused on the hybrid nanocomposite films that can use conducting polymers and metal phthalocyanines as p-type materials, fullerene derivatives and non-fullerene compounds as n-type materials, and semiconductor nanostructures based on metal oxide, chalcogenides, and silicon. A survey regarding the influence of various factors on the hybrid solar cell efficiency is given in order to identify new strategies for enhancing the device performance in the upcoming years.
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A Di-Carbazole-Based Dye as a Potential Sensitizer for Greenhouse-Integrated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14041159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For the first time in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technology, a di-carbazole-based dye was synthesized and evaluated for its usage as a potential sensitizer for the development of wavelength selective semi-transparent DSSCs for greenhouses-oriented applications. The dye was designed to demonstrate a blue light absorption, allowing a high transmittance in the red region of the visible light, even after its adsorption on the anode semiconductor, which is the most important one for the photosynthetic action of the plants. The application of the new dye to DSSCs was examined using either a high-performance iodide-based electrolyte or a highly transparent iodine-free electrolyte to determine a good balance between electric power generation and device transparency. The spectral engineered DSSCs demonstrated quite promising characteristics, providing a high external quantum efficiency (higher than 70%) in the whole blue–green region of the visible light, while allowing high transparency (up to 55%) in the red region, where the second peak in the absorbance spectrum of chlorophyll is located. Finally, the derived results were discussed under the consideration of important metrics for this niche application, including the transparency of the solar cells in the region of photosynthetic active radiation and the attained crop growth factor. The present work constitutes one of the few comprehensive studies carried out up to now in the direction of the development of 3rd generation “agrivoltaics” for their possible integration as cladding materials in energy-autonomous greenhouses.
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Optical Gain in Semiconducting Polymer Nano and Mesoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041138. [PMID: 33672710 PMCID: PMC7924374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of excited-states and charge-separated species was identified through UV and visible laser pump and visible/near-infrared probe femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in spin coated films of poly[N-9″-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) nanoparticles and mesoparticles. Optical gain in the mesoparticle films is observed after excitation at both 400 and 610 nm. In the mesoparticle film, charge generation after UV excitation appears after around 50 ps, but little is observed after visible pump excitation. In the nanoparticle film, as for a uniform film of the pure polymer, charge formation was efficiently induced by UV excitation pump, while excitation of the low energetic absorption states (at 610 nm) induces in the nanoparticle film a large optical gain region reducing the charge formation efficiency. It is proposed that the different intermolecular interactions and molecular order within the nanoparticles and mesoparticles are responsible for their markedly different photophysical behavior. These results therefore demonstrate the possibility of a hitherto unexplored route to stimulated emission in a conjugated polymer that has relatively undemanding film preparation requirements.
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R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, Hi H, N. Abdullah S, Brza MA, Abdulwahid RT. Influence of Fluorine Substitution on the Optical, Thermal, Electrochemical and Structural Properties of Carbazole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternate Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2910. [PMID: 33291677 PMCID: PMC7761964 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work four novel donor-acceptor copolymers, PCDTBTDI-DMO, PCDTBTDI-8, P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8, were designed and synthesised via Suzuki polymerisation. The first two copolymers consist of 2,7-carbazole flanked by thienyl moieties as the electron donor unit and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron acceptor units. In the structures of P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8 copolymers, two fluorine atoms were incorporated at 3,6-positions of 2,7-carbazole to investigate the impact of fluorine upon the optoelectronic, structural and thermal properties of the resulting polymers. P2F-CDTBTDI-8 possesses the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 24,200 g mol-1) among all the polymers synthesised. PCDTBTDI-DMO and PCDTBTDI-8 show identical optical band gaps of 1.76 eV. However, the optical band gaps of fluorinated copolymers are slightly higher than non-fluorinated counterparts. All polymers have deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels. Changing the alkyl chain substituents on BTDI moieties from linear n-octyl to branched 3,7-dimethyloctyl groups as well as substituting the two hydrogen atoms at 3,6-positions of carbazole unit by fluorine atoms has negligible impact on the HOMO levels of the polymers. Similarly, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are almost comparable for all polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has shown that all polymers have good thermal stability and also confirmed that the fluorinated copolymers have higher thermal stability relative to those non-fluorinated analogues. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies proved that all polymers have an amorphous nature in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq;
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
- Department of Civil engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Hunan Hi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Sozan N. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - M. A. Brza
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
| | - Rebar T. Abdulwahid
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
- Department of Physics, College of Education, Old Campus, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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Nevostruev DA, Baranov DS, Zinoviev VA, Sukhikh AS, Kulik LV. Photovoltaic Properties of Electron-Accepting 2,2'-[2,2'-Arenediylbis(11-oxoanthra[1,2-b]thiophene-6-ylidene)]dipropanedinitriles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024420090216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Mohamed MG, El-Mahdy AFM, Ahmed MMM, Kuo SW. Direct Synthesis of Microporous Bicarbazole-Based Covalent Triazine Frameworks for High-Performance Energy Storage and Carbon Dioxide Uptake. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1767-1774. [PMID: 31943884 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study a series of bicarbazole-based covalent triazine frameworks (Car-CTFs) were synthesized under ionothermal conditions from [9,9'-bicarbazole]-3,3',6,6'-tetracarbonitrile (Car-4CN) in the presence of molten zinc chloride. Thermogravimetric and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses revealed that these Car-CTFs possessed excellent thermal stabilities and high specific surface areas (ca. 1400 m2 /g). The electrochemical performances of this Car-CTF series, investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, showed a highest capacitance of (545 F/g at 5 mV/s), which also exhibited excellent columbic efficiencies of 96.1 % after 8000 cycles at 100 μA/0.5 cm2 . The other Car-CTF samples displayed similar efficiencies. Furthermore, based on CO2 uptake measurements, one of the series showed the highest CO2 uptake capacities: 3.91 and 7.60 mmol/g at 298 and 273 K, respectively. These results suggest a simple method for the preparation of CTF materials that provide excellent electrochemical and CO2 uptake performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chemistry Department Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F M El-Mahdy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chemistry Department Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M M Ahmed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
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Pedroso Silva Santos B, Candido L, Furtado JGDM, Ribeiro ADC, Valaski R, Marques MDFV. Random and block conjugated polymers: a comparative study of properties. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1698966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Pedroso Silva Santos
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano (IMA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Elétrica (Cepel), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ludmila Candido
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano (IMA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | - Rogério Valaski
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Xerém, Brasil
| | - Maria de Fátima Vieira Marques
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano (IMA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Virgili T, Botta C, Mróz MM, Parrenin L, Brochon C, Cloutet E, Pavlopoulou E, Hadziioannou G, Geoghegan M. Size-Dependent Photophysical Behavior of Low Bandgap Semiconducting Polymer Particles. Front Chem 2019; 7:409. [PMID: 31263691 PMCID: PMC6584897 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The photophysics of water and propan-1-ol suspensions of poly [N-9"-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'- benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) nanoparticles and mesoparticles has been studied by ultrafast spectroscopy. High molar mass polymer (HMM > 20 kg/mol) forms nanoparticles with around 50 nm diameter via mini-emulsion post-polymerization, while low molar mass (LMM < 5 kg/mol) polymer prepared by dispersion polymerization results in particles with a diameter of almost one order of magnitude larger (450 ± 50 nm). In this study, the presence of excited-states and charge separated species was identified through UV pump and visible/near-infrared probe femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. A different behavior for the HMM nanoparticles has been identified compared to the LMM mesoparticles. The nanoparticles exhibit typical features of an energetically disordered conjugated polymer with a broad density of states, allowing for delayed spectral relaxation of excited states, while the mesoparticles show a J-aggregate-like behavior where interchain interactions are less efficient. Stimulated emission in the red-near infrared region has been found in the mesoparticles which indicates that they present a more energetically ordered system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tersilla Virgili
- IFN-CNR Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Botta
- Laboratory Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR-ISMAC, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta M Mróz
- IFN-CNR Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laurie Parrenin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Mark Geoghegan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Silicon Phthalocyanines as Acceptor Candidates in Mixed Solution/Evaporation Processed Planar Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicon phthalocyanines (SiPc) are showing promise as both ternary additives and non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) as a result of their ease of synthesis, chemical stability and strong absorption. In this study, bis(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy) silicon phthalocyanine ((345F)2-SiPc)) and bis(2,4,6-trifluorophenoxy) silicon phthalocyanine ((246F)2-SiPc)) are employed as acceptors in mixed solution/evaporation planar heterojunction (PHJ) devices. The donor layer, either poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) or poly[N-9′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT), was spin coated followed by the evaporation of the SiPc acceptor thin film. Several different donor/acceptor combinations were investigated in addition to investigations to determine the effect of film thickness on device performance. Finally, the effects of annealing, prior to SiPc deposition, after SiPc deposition, and during SiPc deposition were also investigated. The devices which performed the best were obtained using PCDTBT as the donor, with a 90 nm film of (345F)2-SiPc as the acceptor, followed by thermal annealing at 150 °C for 30 min of the entire mixed solution/evaporation device. An open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.88 V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.52 were achieved leading to devices that outperformed corresponding fullerene-based PHJ devices.
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Fei X, Liao L, Fan J. 9,9′‐Bicarbazole: New Molecular Skeleton for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes. Chemistry 2019; 25:4501-4508. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional, Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Yuan‐Lan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional, Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Xiyu Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional, Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Liang‐Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional, Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional, Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
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Kim SW, Lee YJ, Lee YW, Koh CW, Lee Y, Kim MJ, Liao K, Cho JH, Kim BJ, Woo HY. Impact of Terminal End-Group of Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor-type Small Molecules on Molecular Packing and Photovoltaic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39952-39961. [PMID: 30379525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized two acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-type small molecules (SMs) (P3T4-VCN and P3T4-INCN) with different terminal end-groups (dicyanovinyl (VCN) and 2-methylene-3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)indanone (INCN)) based on the 1,4-bis(thiophenylphenylthiophene)-2,5-difluorophenylene (P3T4) core that possesses high coplanarity because of intrachain noncovalent Coulombic interactions. We investigated the influence of terminal end-groups on intermolecular packing and the resulting electrical and photovoltaic characteristics. A small change in the end-group structure of the SMs induces a significant variation in the torsional structures, molecular packing, and pristine/blend film morphology. It is noteworthy that the less crystalline P3T4-INCN with tilted conformation is highly sensitive to post-treatments (i.e., additives and annealing) such that it permits facile morphological modulation. However, the highly planar and crystalline P3T4-VCN exhibits a strong tolerance toward processing treatments. After morphology optimization, the fullerene-based bulk-heterojunction solar cell of tilted P3T4-INCN exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.68%, which is significantly superior to that of P3T4-VCN:PC71BM (PCE = 1.29%). Our results demonstrate the importance of the terminal end-group for the design of A-D-A-type SMs and their sensitivity toward the postprocessing treatments in optimizing their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woong Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeran Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Je Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kin Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Khalifa University , Abu Dhabi 127788 , United Arab Emirates
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
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14
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Lee H, Park C, Sin DH, Park JH, Cho K. Recent Advances in Morphology Optimization for Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800453. [PMID: 29921007 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics are an important part of a next-generation energy-harvesting technology that uses a practically infinite pollutant-free energy source. They have the advantages of light weight, solution processability, cheap materials, low production cost, and deformability. However, to date, the moderate photovoltaic efficiencies and poor stabilities of organic photovoltaics impede their use as replacements for inorganic photovoltaics. Recent developments in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics mean that they have almost reached the lower efficiency limit for feasible commercialization. In this review article, the recent understanding of the ideal bulk-heterojunction morphology of the photoactive layer for efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport is described, and recent attempts as well as early-stage trials to realize this ideal morphology are discussed systematically from a morphological viewpoint. The various approaches to optimizing morphologies consisting of an interpenetrating bicontinuous network with appropriate domain sizes and mixed regions are categorized, and in each category, the recent trends in the morphology control on the multilength scale are highlighted and discussed in detail. This review article concludes by identifying the remaining challenges for the control of active layer morphologies and by providing perspectives toward real application and commercialization of organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Chaneui Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Sin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Creative and Fundamental Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, 51543, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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15
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Liu Q, Surendran A, Feron K, Manzhos S, Jiao X, McNeill CR, Bottle SE, Bell J, Leong WL, Sonar P. Diketopyrrolopyrrole based organic semiconductors with different numbers of thiophene units: symmetry tuning effect on electronic devices. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03505e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Three new DPP small molecules were synthesized and used them in OFET devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering (CPME)
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane QLD 4000
- Australia
| | - Abhijith Surendran
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
- Singapore
| | - Krishna Feron
- CSIRO Energy Centre
- Mayfield West
- Australia
- Centre for Organic Electronics
- University of Newcastle
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Monash Univeristy
- Clayton
- Australia
| | | | - Steven E. Bottle
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering (CPME)
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane QLD 4000
- Australia
| | - John Bell
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering (CPME)
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane QLD 4000
- Australia
| | - Wei Lin Leong
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
- Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering (CPME)
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane QLD 4000
- Australia
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16
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Otsuka R, Wang Y, Mori T, Michinobu T. Linear-type carbazoledioxazine-based organic semiconductors: the effect of backbone planarity on the molecular orientation and charge transport properties. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9822-9832. [PMID: 35540857 PMCID: PMC9078715 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a linear-type dibromocarbazoledioxazine (CZ) derivative as a new precursor for semiconducting polymers. The chemical structures of the CZ unit and its polymers with thiophene or thienothiophene spacers (namely, PCZT and PCZTT) were fully characterized. PCZT and PCZTT possessed similar medium optical band gap (Eoptg) and electrochemical band gap (Ecvg) of around 1.70 eV estimated from the onset absorption and electrochemical redox potentials of the thin films, respectively. Computational density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the backbone of the PCZT might be highly twisted, while that of PCZTT could be very planar. The effect of different backbone geometries on the charge–transport properties was studied by using thin film transistors (TFTs). The TFT device based on PCZTT showed a four times higher hole mobility as compared to that based on PCZT. The superior TFT performances of PCZTT were reasonably attributed to its edge-on backbone packing orientations toward the Si substrate revealed by the grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), which was favorable for in-plane charge transport in the TFT devices. A linear-type dibromocarbazoledioxazine (CZ) derivative and its two polymers are newly designed and synthesized. Structure–property relationship studies reveal that PCZTT shows a four times higher hole mobility than PCZT.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuo Otsuka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
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17
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Kim HD, Yanagawa N, Shimazaki A, Endo M, Wakamiya A, Ohkita H, Benten H, Ito S. Origin of Open-Circuit Voltage Loss in Polymer Solar Cells and Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:19988-19997. [PMID: 28553705 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the open-circuit voltage (VOC) loss in both polymer solar cells and perovskite solar cells is quantitatively analyzed by measuring the temperature dependence of VOC to discuss the difference in the primary loss mechanism of VOC between them. As a result, the photon energy loss for polymer solar cells is in the range of about 0.7-1.4 eV, which is ascribed to temperature-independent and -dependent loss mechanisms, while that for perovskite solar cells is as small as about 0.5 eV, which is ascribed to a temperature-dependent loss mechanism. This difference is attributed to the different charge generation and recombination mechanisms between the two devices. The potential strategies for the improvement of VOC in both solar cells are further discussed on the basis of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Do Kim
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nayu Yanagawa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ai Shimazaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaru Endo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Benten
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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18
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Heuvel R, van Franeker JJ, Janssen RAJ. Energy Level Tuning of Poly(phenylene- alt-dithienobenzothiadiazole)s for Low Photon Energy Loss Solar Cells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017; 218:1600502. [PMID: 28503056 PMCID: PMC5405580 DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Six poly(phenylene‐alt‐dithienobenzothiadiazole)‐based polymers have been synthesized for application in polymer–fullerene solar cells. Hydrogen, fluorine, or nitrile substitution on benzothiadiazole and alkoxy or ester substitution on the phenylene moiety are investigated to reduce the energy loss per converted photon. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 6.6% have been obtained. The best performance is found for the polymer–fullerene combination with distinct phase separation and crystalline domains. This improves the maximum external quantum efficiency for charge formation and collection to 66%. The resulting higher photocurrent compensates for the relatively large energy loss per photon (Eloss = 0.97 eV) in achieving a high PCE. By contrast, the polymer that provides a reduced energy loss (Eloss = 0.49 eV) gives a lower photocurrent and a reduced PCE of 1.8% because the external quantum efficiency of 17% is limited by a suboptimal morphology and a reduced driving force for charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruurd Heuvel
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus J van Franeker
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute P.O. Box 9025600AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands.,Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research De Zaale 205612AJ Eindhoven The Netherlands
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19
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Parrenin L, Laurans G, Pavlopoulou E, Fleury G, Pecastaings G, Brochon C, Vignau L, Hadziioannou G, Cloutet E. Photoactive Donor-Acceptor Composite Nanoparticles Dispersed in Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1507-1515. [PMID: 28099813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A major issue that inhibits the large-scale fabrication of organic solar modules is the use of chlorinated solvents considered to be toxic and hazardous. In this work, composite particles of poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole] (PCDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were obtained in water from a versatile and a ready-to-market methodology based on postpolymerization miniemulsification. Depending on the experimental conditions, size-controlled particles comprising both the electron donor and the electron acceptor were obtained and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), UV-visible absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Intimate mixing of the two components was definitely asserted through PCDTBT fluorescence quenching in the composite nanoparticles. The water-based inks were used for the preparation of photovoltaic active layers that were subsequently integrated into organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Parrenin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Gildas Laurans
- Laboratoire IMS, Bordeaux INP, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
- Laboratoire IMS, Université de Bordeaux, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Gilles Pecastaings
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Laurence Vignau
- Laboratoire IMS, Bordeaux INP, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
- Laboratoire IMS, Université de Bordeaux, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
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20
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Gao Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Yang Y, Zhao L. Recent Development on Narrow Bandgap Conjugated Polymers for Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E39. [PMID: 30970721 PMCID: PMC6432257 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been exciting developments in the field of polymer solar cells (PSCs) as the potential competitor to the traditional silicon-based solar cells in the past decades. The most successful PSCs are based on the bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) structure, which contains a bicontinuous nanoscale interpenetrating network of a conjugated polymer and a fullerene blend. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of BHJ PSCs have now exceeded 11%. In this review, we present an overview of recent emerging developments of narrow bandgap conjugated polymers for PSCs. We focus on a few important acceptors used in the donor-acceptor type conjugated polymers for highly efficient PSCs. We also reviewed the emerged donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) side chains polymers. The band-gaps and energy levels as well as the photovoltaic performances of conjugated polymers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhitian Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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21
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Shibasaki K, Yasuda T, Yamamoto Y, Kijima M. Dual substitution at 4,9-positions of carbazole in donor-π-acceptor copolymer enhances performance of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Gobalasingham NS, Ekiz S, Pankow RM, Livi F, Bundgaard E, Thompson BC. Carbazole-based copolymers via direct arylation polymerization (DArP) for Suzuki-convergent polymer solar cell performance. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00859g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct arylation polymerization (DArP) is used to synthesize a variety of carbazole-based copolymers for evaluation in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemal S. Gobalasingham
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Seyma Ekiz
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Francesco Livi
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
- DTU Energy
| | - Eva Bundgaard
- DTU Energy
- Technical University of Denmark
- Roskilde
- Denmark
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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23
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Zhao NJ, Wang YW, Liu Q, Lin ZH, Liang R, Fu LM, Ai XC, Bo Z, Zhang JP. A femtosecond transient absorption study of charge photogeneration and recombination dynamics in photovoltaic polymers with different side-chain linkages. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18390-18399. [PMID: 27766335 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A pair of 9-arylidene-9H-fluorene and benzothiadiazole based, low-bandgap copolymers differing merely in the para or meta substitution of alkoxy groups to the arylidene linkages, i.e. p-PAFDTBT and m-PAFDTBT respectively, were comparatively investigated by using morphological characterization, ultrafast spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Despite the subtle difference in the alkoxy substitution patterns, p-PAFDTBT molecules in photoactive films were shown to have a higher degree of crystallinity owing to the relatively less rotational torsion of the arylidene linkages. As a result, in either neat or fullerene-blended films, p-PAFDTBT compared to m-PAFDTBT gave rise to a substantially higher charge yield and much slower charge recombination. This work demonstrates that the alkoxy substitution pattern and the arylidene linkage are highly influencing on the morphology of the photoactive layers and thereby on the photovoltaic performance of the semiconducting copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jiu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Hong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ran Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Min Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi-Cheng Ai
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Electron density profile at the interfaces of bulk heterojunction solar cells and its implication on the S-kink characteristics. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Ko EY, Park GE, Lee DH, Um HA, Shin J, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Enhanced Performance of Polymer Solar Cells Comprising Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Regular Terpolymer Bearing Two Different π-Extended Donor Units. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28303-28310. [PMID: 26645584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
New regular and random diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based terpolymers (i.e., Reg-PBDPPT and Ran-PBDPPT, respectively) bearing DPP as an electron deficient unit and 2,2'-bithiophene and (E)-1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene as electron donating units were designed and synthesized, and their performance in photovoltaic cells was investigated precisely. The absorption properties and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of Reg-PBDPPT were found to be different from those of Ran-PBDPPT. The results of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that Ran-PBDPPT typically had a predominantly edge-on chain orientation on the substrate, whereas Reg-PBDPPT showed mixed chain orientation both in pristine and thermally annealed films. Although Reg-PBDPPT exhibited a lower degree of edge-on chain orientation on the substrate, the corresponding TFTs showed a high hole mobility of 0.42-0.96 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and maintained a high current on/off ratio (>10(6)). A polymer solar cell (PSC) composed of Reg-PBDPPT and PC71BM exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 5.24-5.45%, which were higher than those of the Ran-PBDPPT-based PSCs. The enhanced efficiency was supported by an increase in the short circuit current, which is strongly related to the unique internal crystalline morphology and pronounced nanophase segregation behavior in the blend films. These results obviously manifested that this synthetic strategy for regular conjugated terpolymers could be employed to control morphological properties to obtain high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yi Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences Korea University , 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Gi Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences Korea University , 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Dae Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences Korea University , 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Um
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences Korea University , 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jicheol Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences Korea University , 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences Korea University , 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences Korea University , 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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26
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da Silva WJ, Schneider FK, Yusoff ARBM, Jang J. High performance polymer tandem solar cell. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18090. [PMID: 26669577 PMCID: PMC4680961 DOI: 10.1038/srep18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A power conversion efficiency of 9.02% is obtained for a fully solution-processed polymer tandem solar cell, based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole unit polymer as a low bandgap photoactive material in the rear subcell, in conjunction with a new robust interconnecting layer. This interconnecting layer is optically transparent, electrically conductive, and physically strong, thus, the charges can be collected and recombined in the interconnecting layer under illumination, while the charge is generated and extracted under dark conditions. This indicates that careful interface engineering of the charge-carrier transport layer is a useful approach to further improve the performance of polymer tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Jose da Silva
- Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana, GPGEI - Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165 - CEP 80230-901 - Curitiba, Parana, Brasil
| | - Fabio Kurt Schneider
- Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana, GPGEI - Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165 - CEP 80230-901 - Curitiba, Parana, Brasil
| | - Abd Rashid Bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Information, Display and Advanced Display Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul, 130-171 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Department of Information, Display and Advanced Display Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul, 130-171 Republic of Korea
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27
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Lee J, Rajeeva BB, Yuan T, Guo ZH, Lin YH, Al-Hashimi M, Zheng Y, Fang L. Thermodynamic synthesis of solution processable ladder polymers. Chem Sci 2015; 7:881-889. [PMID: 28791119 PMCID: PMC5530004 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02385h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a carbazole-derived, well-defined ladder polymer was achieved under thermodynamic control by employing reversible ring-closing olefin metathesis.
The synthesis of a carbazole-derived, well-defined ladder polymer was achieved under thermodynamic control by employing reversible ring-closing olefin metathesis. This unique approach featured mild conditions and excellent efficiency, affording the ladder polymer backbone with minimum levels of unreacted defects. Rigorous NMR analysis on a 13C isotope-enriched product revealed that the main-chain contained less than 1% of unreacted precursory vinyl groups. The rigid conformation of the ladder-type backbone was confirmed by photophysical analysis, while the extended rod-like structure was visualized under scanning tunneling microscope. Excellent solubility of this polymer in common organic solvents allowed for feasible processing of thin films using solution-casting techniques. Atomic force microscopy and grazing incident X-ray scattering revealed a uniform and amorphous morphology of these films, in sharp contrast to the polycrystalline thin films of its small molecular counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbok Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , TX 77843 , USA .
| | - Bharath Bangalore Rajeeva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Materials Science and Engineering Program , Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA
| | - Tianyu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , TX 77843 , USA . .,Materials Science & Engineering Department , Texas A&M University , 3003 TAMU , College Station , TX 77843 , USA
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , TX 77843 , USA .
| | - Yen-Hao Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , TX 77843 , USA .
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University at Qatar , P.O. Box 23874 , Doha , Qatar
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Materials Science and Engineering Program , Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , TX 77843 , USA . .,Materials Science & Engineering Department , Texas A&M University , 3003 TAMU , College Station , TX 77843 , USA
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Katsouras A, Gasparini N, Koulogiannis C, Spanos M, Ameri T, Brabec CJ, Chochos CL, Avgeropoulos A. Systematic Analysis of Polymer Molecular Weight Influence on the Organic Photovoltaic Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1778-97. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Michael Spanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern); Haberstrasse 2a 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
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29
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Parrenin L, Brochon C, Hadziioannou G, Cloutet E. Low Bandgap Semiconducting Copolymer Nanoparticles by Suzuki Cross-Coupling Polymerization in Alcoholic Dispersed Media. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1816-21. [PMID: 26293155 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and formulation of organic semiconductors for the emerging technology of organic electronics requires the use of preparative methods and solvents being environment friendly. Today most of the active layer materials for the organic photovoltaic devices and modules are using chlorinated solvents, which are toxic and hazardous. In this work, the synthesis of poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole] (PCDTBT) in propan-1-ol is presented as the dispersant continuous phase in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) used as stabilizer. Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensation of 9-(9-heptadecanyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diboronic acid bis(pinacol) ester and 4,7-bis(2-bromo-5-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole in alcohol dispersion yields colloidally stable nanoparticles of PCDTBT with particles size of 330-1300 nm, depending on the stabilizer concentration. Other reaction parameters are also discussed such as the amount of base or Pd catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Parrenin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des, Polymères Organiques (LCPO)UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France.,Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP), Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des, Polymères Organiques (LCPO)UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France.,Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP), Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des, Polymères Organiques (LCPO)UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France.,Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP), Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des, Polymères Organiques (LCPO)UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France.,Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP), Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac CEDEX, F-33607, France
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Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhou S, Yan K, Guan Z, Tsang SW, Xu J. Enhanced Performance of Polymeric Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells via Molecular Doping with TFSA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13415-13421. [PMID: 26039377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells based on bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA, [CF3SO2]2NH) bulk doped poly[N-9''-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT):C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were fabricated to study the effect of molecular doping. By adding TFSA (0.2-0.8 wt %, TFSA to PCDTBT) in the conventional PCDTBT:PC71BM blends, we found that the hole mobility was increased with the reduced series resistance in photovoltaic devices. The p-doping effect of TFSA was confirmed by photoemission spectroscopy that the Fermi level of doped PCDTBT shifts downward to the HOMO level and it results in a larger internal electrical field at the donor/acceptor interface for more efficient charge transfer. Moreover, the doping effect was also confirmed by charge modulated electroabsorption spectroscopy (CMEAS), showing that there are additional polaron signals in the sub-bandgap region in the doped thin films. With decreased series resistance, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) was increased from 0.85 to 0.91 V and the fill factor (FF) was improved from 60.7% to 67.3%, resulting in a largely enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 5.39% to 6.46%. Our finding suggests the molecular doping by TFSA can be a facile approach to improve the electrical properties of organic materials for future development of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Xiao
- †Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- †Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- †Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Keyou Yan
- †Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- ‡Department of Physics and Materials Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- ‡Department of Physics and Materials Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- †Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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31
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Aluicio-Sarduy E, Singh R, Kan Z, Ye T, Baidak A, Calloni A, Berti G, Duò L, Iosifidis A, Beaupré S, Leclerc M, Butt HJ, Floudas G, Keivanidis PE. Elucidating the impact of molecular packing and device architecture on the performance of nanostructured perylene diimide solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8687-8698. [PMID: 25822414 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The performance of organic photovoltaic devices (OPV) with nanostructured polymer:perylene diimide (PDI) photoactive layers approaches the levels of the corresponding polymer:fullerene systems. Nevertheless, a coherent understanding of the difficulty for PDI-based OPV devices to deliver high power conversion efficiencies remains elusive. Here we perform a comparative study of a set of four different polymer:PDI OPV model systems. The different device performances observed are attributed to differences in the nanostructural motif of these composites, as determined by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements. Long-range structural order in the PDI domain dictates (i) the stabilization energy and (ii) the concentration of the PDI excimers in the composites. The quenching of the PDI excimer photoluminescence (PL) is found to be insensitive to the former, but it depends on the latter. High PL quenching occurs for the low concentration of PDI excimers that are formed in PDI columns with a length comparable to the PDI excimer diffusion length. The stabilization of the PDI excimer state increases as the long-range order in the PDI domains improves. The structural order of the PDI domains primarily affects charge transport. Electron mobility reduces as the size of the PDI domain increases, suggesting that well-ordered PDI domains suffer from poor electronic connectivity. WAXS further reveals the presence of additional intermolecular PDI interactions, other than the direct face-to-face intermolecular coupling, that introduce a substantial energetic disorder in the polymer:PDI composites. Conventional device architectures with hole-collecting ITO/PEDOT:PSS bottom electrodes are compared with inverted device architectures bearing bottom electron-collecting electrodes of ITO/ZnO. In all cases the ZnO-functionalized devices surpass the performance of the conventional device analogues. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy explains that in PEDOT PSS-functionalized devices, the PDI component preferentially segregates closer to the hydrophilic PEDOT PSS electrode, thus impeding the efficient charge extraction and limiting device photocurrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- †Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology@PoliMi, Via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ranbir Singh
- †Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology@PoliMi, Via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- †Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology@PoliMi, Via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Tengling Ye
- †Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology@PoliMi, Via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Aliaksandr Baidak
- †Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology@PoliMi, Via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Calloni
- ‡Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Berti
- ‡Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lamberto Duò
- ‡Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Serge Beaupré
- §Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Pavillon A-Vachon 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1 V 0A6
| | - Mario Leclerc
- §Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Pavillon A-Vachon 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1 V 0A6
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- ∥Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- ⊥University of Ioannina, Department of Physics, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis E Keivanidis
- #Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Dorothea Bldg 511, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou Street, 3041 Limassol, Cyprus
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32
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Stolterfoht M, Armin A, Philippa B, White RD, Burn PL, Meredith P, Juška G, Pivrikas A. Photocarrier drift distance in organic solar cells and photodetectors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9949. [PMID: 25919439 PMCID: PMC4412075 DOI: 10.1038/srep09949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Light harvesting systems based upon disordered materials are not only widespread in nature, but are also increasingly prevalent in solar cells and photodetectors. Examples include organic semiconductors, which typically possess low charge carrier mobilities and Langevin-type recombination dynamics--both of which negatively impact the device performance. It is accepted wisdom that the "drift distance" (i.e., the distance a photocarrier drifts before recombination) is defined by the mobility-lifetime product in solar cells. We demonstrate that this traditional figure of merit is inadequate for describing the charge transport physics of organic light harvesting systems. It is experimentally shown that the onset of the photocarrier recombination is determined by the electrode charge and we propose the mobility-recombination coefficient product as an alternative figure of merit. The implications of these findings are relevant to a wide range of light harvesting systems and will necessitate a rethink of the critical parameters of charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stolterfoht
- Centre For Organic Photonics &Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Centre For Organic Photonics &Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Bronson Philippa
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Ronald D White
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre For Organic Photonics &Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Meredith
- Centre For Organic Photonics &Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Gytis Juška
- Department of Solid State Electronics Vilnius University 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almantas Pivrikas
- 1] Centre For Organic Photonics &Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia [2] School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
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Yamane S, Mizukado J, Takahashi T, Suzuki Y, Sakurai M, Hagihara H, Suda H. Fulleropyrrolidine Derivatives with Benzophenone Moiety as Electron Acceptors in Thermally Stable Organic Photovoltaic Devices. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.141119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Yamane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Junji Mizukado
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | | | - Yasumasa Suzuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Miho Sakurai
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Hideaki Hagihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Hiroyuki Suda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Meng L, Wu F, Liu H, Zhao B, Zhang J, Zhong J, Pei Y, Chen H, Tan S. Novel solution-processible small molecules based on benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′:5,6-b′′]trithiophene for effective organic photovoltaics with high open-circuit voltage. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15721d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel A–D–A small molecules D1 and D2, containing benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′:5,6-b′′]trithiophene as the central electron-donating unit and two thiophenes or three thiophenes as conjugated π-bridges, were designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucheng Meng
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan
- PR China
| | - Fen Wu
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan
- PR China
| | - Hailu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan
- PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Material Science & Engineering
- Guilin University of Electrical Technology
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Juan Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan
- PR China
| | - Yong Pei
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan
- PR China
| | - Huajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- PR China
| | - Songting Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
- PR China
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35
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Wang DH, Kyaw AKK, Park JH. Enhanced fill factor of tandem organic solar cells incorporating a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based low-bandgap polymer and optimized interlayer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:331-336. [PMID: 25404201 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that reproducible results can be obtained from tandem solar cells based on the wide-bandgap poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole] (PCDTBT) and the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based narrow bandgap polymer (DT-PDPP2T-TT) with a decyltetradecyl (DT) and an electron-rich 2,5-di-2-thienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (2T-TT) group fabricated using an optimized interlayer (ZnO NPs/ph-n-PEDOT:PSS) [NPs: nanoparticles; ph-n: pH-neutral PEDOT: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); PSS: polystyrene sulfonate]. The tandem cells are fabricated by applying a simple process without thermal annealing. The ZnO NP interlayer operates well when the ZnO NPs are dispersed in 2-methoxyethanol, as no precipitation and chemical reactions occur. In addition to the ZnO NP film, we used neutral PEDOT:PSS as a second interlayer which is not affect to the sequential deposited bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layer of acidification. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a tandem device reaches 7.4 % (open-circuit voltage VOC =1.53 V, short-circuit current density JSC =7.3 mA cm(-2) , and fill factor FF=67 %). Furthermore, FF is increased to up to 71 % when another promising large bandgap (bandgap ∼1.94 eV) polymer (PBnDT-FTAZ) is used. The surface of each layer with nanoscale morphology (BHJ1/ZnO NPs film/ph-n-PEDOT:PSS/BHJ2) was examined by means of AFM analysis during sequential processing. The combination of these factors, efficient DPP-based narrow bandgap material and optimized interlayer, leads to the high FF (average approaches 70 %) and reproducibly operating tandem BHJ solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Wang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756 (Republic of Korea).
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36
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Shibasaki K, Yasuda T, Yamamoto Y, Kijima M. Monosubstitution at the 4-position of 2,7-carbazolylene expands the structural design and fundamental properties of D-π-A copolymers for organic photovoltaic cells. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00716j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 4-octyloxy-carbazole-2,7-diyl unit was newly developed, and was combined with dithienylbenzothiadiazole derivatives by using the Suzuki-coupling reaction to synthesize good processable D-π-A copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Shibasaki
- Institute of Materials Science
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Photovoltaic Materials Unit
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0047
- Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Division of Materials Science
| | - Masashi Kijima
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Division of Materials Science
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Carrera EI, Seferos DS. Semiconducting Polymers Containing Tellurium: Perspectives Toward Obtaining High-Performance Materials. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502307b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa I. Carrera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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38
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Williams M, Tummala NR, Aziz SG, Risko C, Brédas JL. Influence of Molecular Shape on Solid-State Packing in Disordered PC61BM and PC71BM Fullerenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3427-3433. [PMID: 26278457 DOI: 10.1021/jz501559q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and polymer packings in pure and mixed domains and at interfacial regions play an important role in the photoconversion processes occurring within bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate molecular packing in disordered (amorphous) phenyl-C70-butyric acid-methyl ester (PC71BM) and its C60 analogue (PC61BM), the two most widely used molecular-based electron-accepting materials in OSCs. The more ellipsoidal character of PC71BM leads to different molecular packings and phase transitions when compared to the more spherical PC61BM. Though electronic structure calculations indicate that the average intermolecular electronic couplings are comparable for the two systems, the electronic couplings as a function of orientation reveal important variations. Overall, this work highlights a series of intrinsic differences between PC71BM and PC61BM that should be considered for a detailed interpretation and modeling of the photoconversion process in OSCs where these materials are used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saadullah G Aziz
- ‡Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- ‡Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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39
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Clulow AJ, Tao C, Lee KH, Velusamy M, McEwan JA, Shaw PE, Yamada NL, James M, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Meredith P. Time-resolved neutron reflectometry and photovoltaic device studies on sequentially deposited PCDTBT-fullerene layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11474-11484. [PMID: 25222029 DOI: 10.1021/la5020779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have used steady-state and time-resolved neutron reflectometry to study the diffusion of fullerene derivatives into the narrow optical gap polymer poly[N-9″-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) to explore the sequential processing of the donor and acceptor for the preparation of efficient organic solar cells. It was found that when [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric-acid-methyl-ester (60-PCBM) was deposited onto a thin film of PCDTBT from dichloromethane (DCM), a three-layer structure was formed that was stable below the glass-transition temperature of the polymer. When good solvents for the polymer were used in conjunction with DCM, both 60-PCBM and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric-acid-methyl-ester (70-PCBM) were seen to form films that had a thick fullerene layer containing little polymer and a PCDTBT-rich layer near the interface with the substrate. Devices composed of films prepared by sequential deposition of the polymer and fullerene had efficiencies of up to 5.3%, with those based on 60-PCBM close to optimized bulk heterojunction (BHJ) cells processed in the conventional manner. Sequential deposition of pure components to form the active layer is attractive for large-area device fabrication, and the results demonstrate that this processing method can give efficient solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Clulow
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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40
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Synthesis of Novel Carbazole based Styryl: Rational Approach for Photophysical Properties and TD-DFT. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:1457-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Law C, Miseikis L, Dimitrov S, Shakya-Tuladhar P, Li X, Barnes PRF, Durrant J, O'Regan BC. Performance and stability of lead perovskite/TiO2, polymer/PCBM, and dye sensitized solar cells at light intensities up to 70 suns. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6268-73. [PMID: 25091315 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three organic or hybrid photovoltaic technologies are compared with respect to performance and stability under the harsh regime of concentrated light. Although all three technologies show surprisingly high (and linear) photocurrents, and better than expected stability, no golden apples are awarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhung Law
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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42
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Hendriks KH, Li W, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Small-Bandgap Semiconducting Polymers with High Near-Infrared Photoresponse. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12130-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja506265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen H. Hendriks
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems,
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Weiwei Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems,
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems,
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems,
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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43
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Philippa B, Stolterfoht M, White RD, Velusamy M, Burn PL, Meredith P, Pivrikas A. Molecular weight dependent bimolecular recombination in organic solar cells. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:054903. [PMID: 25106609 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge carrier recombination is studied in operational organic solar cells made from the polymer:fullerene system PCDTBT:PC71BM (poly[N-9''-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)]: [6,6]-phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester). A newly developed technique High Intensity Resistance dependent PhotoVoltage is presented for reliably quantifying the bimolecular recombination coefficient independently of variations in experimental conditions, thereby resolving key limitations of previous experimental approaches. Experiments are performed on solar cells of varying thicknesses and varying polymeric molecular weights. It is shown that solar cells made from low molecular weight PCDTBT exhibit Langevin recombination, whereas suppressed (non-Langevin) recombination is found in solar cells made with high molecular weight PCDTBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronson Philippa
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Ronald D White
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Marrapan Velusamy
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Meredith
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Almantas Pivrikas
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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44
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Hendriks KH, Li W, Heintges GHL, van Pruissen GWP, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Homocoupling Defects in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Copolymers and Their Effect on Photovoltaic Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11128-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen H. Hendriks
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems,
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Weiwei Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems,
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gaël H. L. Heintges
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems,
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs W. P. van Pruissen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems,
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems,
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems,
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology,
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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45
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Molecular weight dependent vertical composition profiles of PCDTBT:PC₇₁BM blends for organic photovoltaics. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5286. [PMID: 24924096 PMCID: PMC4055896 DOI: 10.1038/srep05286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used Soxhlet solvent purification to fractionate a broad molecular weight distribution of the polycarbazole polymer PCDTBT into three lower polydispersity molecular weight fractions. Organic photovoltaic devices were made using a blend of the fullerene acceptor PC71BM with the molecular weight fractions. An average power conversion efficiency of 5.89% (peak efficiency of 6.15%) was measured for PCDTBT blend devices with a number average molecular weight of Mn = 25.5 kDa. There was significant variation between the molecular weight fractions with low (Mn = 15.0 kDa) and high (Mn = 34.9 kDa) fractions producing devices with average efficiencies of 5.02% and 3.70% respectively. Neutron reflectivity measurements on these polymer:PC71BM blend layers showed that larger molecular weights leads to an increase in the polymer enrichment layer thickness at the anode interface, this improves efficiency up to a limiting point where the polymer solubility causes a reduction of the PCDTBT concentration in the active layer.
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46
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Singh SP, Sharma GD. Near Infrared Organic Semiconducting Materials for Bulk Heterojunction and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2014; 14:419-81. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Singh
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technolog; Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - G. D. Sharma
- R & D center for Engineering and Science; JEC group of Colleges; Jaipur Engineering College Campus; Kukas Jaipur India
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47
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Li W, Roelofs WSC, Turbiez M, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Polymer solar cells with diketopyrrolopyrrole conjugated polymers as the electron donor and electron acceptor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3304-3309. [PMID: 24668859 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new class of diketopyrrolopyrrole conjugated acceptor polymer incorporating thiazoles with low-lying energy levels, high electron mobility, and broad absorption to the near infrared region provides a power conversion efficiency of 2.9% in solar cells with a second diketopyrrolo-pyrrole polymer as the donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L. Gibson
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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49
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Broggi A, Tomasi I, Bianchi L, Marrocchi A, Vaccaro L. Small Molecular Aryl Acetylenes: Chemically Tailoring High-Efficiency Organic Semiconductors for Solar Cells and Field-Effect Transistors. Chempluschem 2014; 79:486-507. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Han L, Bao X, Hu T, Du Z, Chen W, Zhu D, Liu Q, Sun M, Yang R. Novel Donor-Acceptor Polymer Containing 4,7-Bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole for Polymer Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency of 6.21%. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1153-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Tong Hu
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Zhengkun Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Weichao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Dangqiang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
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