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Zhang Z, Yang S, Li Z, Wu Y, Tang J, Feng M, Chen S. High-titer production of staurosporine by heterologous expression and process optimization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5701-5714. [PMID: 37480372 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Staurosporine is the most well-known member of the indolocarbazole alkaloid family; it can induce apoptosis of many types of cells as a strong protein kinase inhibitor, and is used as an important lead compound for the synthesis of the antitumor drugs. However, the low fermentation level of the native producer remains the bottleneck of staurosporine production. Herein, integration of multi-copy biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) in well characterized heterologous host and optimization of the fermentation process were performed to enable high-level production of staurosporine. First, the 22.5 kb staurosporine BGC was captured by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TAR (transformation-associated recombination) from the native producer (145 mg/L), and then introduced into three heterologous hosts Streptomyces avermitilis (ATCC 31267), Streptomyces lividans TK24 and Streptomyces albus J1074 to evaluate the staurosporine production capacity. The highest yield was achieved in S. albus J1074 (750 mg/L), which was used for further production improvement. Next, we integrated two additional staurosporine BGCs into the chromosome of strain S-STA via two different attB sites (vwb and TG1), leading to a double increase in the production of staurosporine. And finally, optimization of fermentation process by controlling the pH and glucose feeding could improve the yield of staurosporine to 4568 mg/L, which was approximately 30-fold higher than that of the native producer. This is the highest yield ever reported, paving the way for the industrial production of staurosporine. KEYPOINTS: • Streptomyces albus J1074 was the most suitable heterologous host to express the biosynthetic gene cluster of staurosporine. • Amplification of the biosynthetic gene cluster had obvious effect on improving the production of staurosporine. • The highest yield of staurosporine was achieved to 4568 mg/L by stepwise increase strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Songbai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Tao H, Zuo L, Xu H, Li C, Qiao G, Guo M, Lin X. Alkaloids as Anticancer Agents: A Review of Chinese Patents in Recent 5 Years. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:2-13. [PMID: 32003702 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200131120618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many novel alkaloids with anticancer activity have been found in China, and some of them are promising for developing as anticancer agents. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the information about alkaloid anticancer agents disclosed in Chinese patents, and discusses their potential to be developed as anticancer drugs used clinically. METHODS Anticancer alkaloids disclosed in Chinese patents in recent 5 years were presented according to their mode of actions. Their study results published on PubMed, and SciDirect databases were presented. RESULTS More than one hundred anticancer alkaloids were disclosed in Chinese patents and their mode of action referred to arresting cell cycle, inhibiting protein kinases, affecting DNA synthesis and p53 expression, etc. Conclusion: Many newly found alkaloids displayed potent anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo, and some of the anticancer alkaloids acted as protein kinase inhibitors or CDK inhibitors possess the potential for developing as novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Huanli Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gan Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
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A Co-Culturing Approach Enables Discovery and Biosynthesis of a Bioactive Indole Alkaloid Metabolite. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020256. [PMID: 31936318 PMCID: PMC7024260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequence data of the genus Streptomyces have shown a far greater chemical diversity of metabolites than what have been discovered under typical laboratory fermentation conditions. In our previous natural product discovery efforts on Streptomyces sp. MA37, a bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere soil sample in Legon, Ghana, we discovered a handful of specialised metabolites from this talented strain. However, analysis of the draft genome of MA37 suggested that most of the encoded biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) remained cryptic or silent, and only a small fraction of BGCs for the production of specialised metabolites were expressed when cultured in our laboratory conditions. In order to induce the expression of the seemingly silent BGCs, we have carried out a co-culture experiment by growing the MA37 strain with the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas sp. in a co-culture chamber that allows co-fermentation of two microorganisms with no direct contact but allows exchange of nutrients, metabolites, and other chemical cues. This co-culture approach led to the upregulation of several metabolites that were not previously observed in the monocultures of each strain. Moreover, the co-culture induced the expression of the cryptic indole alkaloid BGC in MA37 and led to the characterization of the known indolocarbazole alkaloid, BE-13793C 1. Neither bacterium produced compound 1 when cultured alone. The structure of 1 was elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry analyses and comparison of experimental with literature data. A putative biosynthetic pathway of 1 was proposed. Furthermore, BE-13793C 1 showed strong anti-proliferative activity against HT-29 (ATCC HTB-38) cells but no toxic effect to normal lung (ATCC CCL-171) cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for the activity of 1 against HT-29. No significant antimicrobial and anti-trypanosomal activities for 1 were observed. This research provides a solid foundation for the fact that a co-culture approach paves the way for increasing the chemical diversity of strain MA37. Further characterization of other upregulated metabolites in this strain is currently ongoing in our laboratory.
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Janosik T, Rannug A, Rannug U, Wahlström N, Slätt J, Bergman J. Chemistry and Properties of Indolocarbazoles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9058-9128. [PMID: 30191712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazoles are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles which has evolved significantly in recent years, with numerous studies focusing on their diverse biological effects, or targeting new materials with potential applications in organic electronics. This review aims at providing a broad survey of the chemistry and properties of indolocarbazoles from an interdisciplinary point of view, with particular emphasis on practical synthetic aspects, as well as certain topics which have not been previously accounted for in detail, such as the occurrence, formation, biological activities, and metabolism of indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles. The literature of the past decade forms the basis of the text, which is further supplemented with older key references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janosik
- Research Institutes of Sweden , Bioscience and Materials, RISE Surface, Process and Formulation , SE-151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Agneta Rannug
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Johnny Slätt
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jan Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet , Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , SE-141 83 Huddinge , Sweden
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Mo X, Gui C, Wang Q. Elucidation of a carboxylate O-methyltransferase NcmP in nocamycin biosynthetic pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4431-4435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ma L, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Zhang G, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Yuan C, Zhang C. Identification and characterization of a biosynthetic gene cluster for tryptophan dimers in deep sea-derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 03032. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6123-6136. [PMID: 28620687 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan dimers (TDs) are an important class of natural products with diverse bioactivities and share conserved biosynthetic pathways. We report the identification of a partial gene cluster (spm) responsible for the biosynthesis of a class of unusual TDs with non-planar skeletons including spiroindimicins (SPMs), indimicins (IDMs), and lynamicins (LNMs) from the deep-sea derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 03032. Bioinformatics analysis, targeted gene disruptions, and heterologous expression studies confirmed the involvement of the spm gene cluster in the biosynthesis of SPM/IDM/LNMs, and revealed the indispensable roles for the halogenase/reductase pair SpmHF, the amino acid oxidase SpmO, and the chromopyrrolic acid (CPA) synthase SpmD, as well as the positive regulator SpmR and the putative transporter SpmA. However, the spm gene cluster was unable to confer a heterologous host the ability to produce SPM/IDM/LNMs. In addition, the P450 enzyme SpmP and the monooxygenase SpmX2 were found to be non-relevant to the biosynthesis of SPM/IDM/LNMs. Sequence alignment and structure modeling suggested the lack of key conserved amino acid residues in the substrate-binding pocket of SpmP. Furthermore, feeding experiments in the non-producing ΔspmO mutant revealed several biosynthetic precursors en route to SPMs, indicating that key enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of SPMs should be encoded by genes outside of the identified spm gene cluster. Finally, the biosynthetic pathways of SPM/IDM/LNMs are proposed to lay a basis for further insights into their intriguing biosynthetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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Mo X, Shi C, Gui C, Zhang Y, Ju J, Wang Q. Identification of nocamycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Saccharothrix syringae NRRL B-16468 and generation of new nocamycin derivatives by manipulating gene cluster. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:100. [PMID: 28599654 PMCID: PMC5466765 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocamycins I and II, produced by the rare actinomycete Saccharothrix syringae, belong to the tetramic acid family natural products. Nocamycins show potent antimicrobial activity and they hold great potential for antibacterial agent design. However, up to now, little is known about the exact biosynthetic mechanism of nocamycin. RESULTS In this report, we identified the gene cluster responsible for nocamycin biosynthesis from S. syringae and generated new nocamycin derivatives by manipulating its gene cluster. The biosynthetic gene cluster for nocamycin contains a 61 kb DNA locus, consisting of 21 open reading frames (ORFs). Five type I polyketide synthases (NcmAI, NcmAII, NcmAIII, NcmAIV, NcmAV) and a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NcmB) are proposed to be involved in synthesis of the backbone structure, a Dieckmann cyclase NcmC catalyze the releasing of linear chain and the formation of tetramic acid moiety, five enzymes (NcmEDGOP) are related to post-tailoring steps, and five enzymes (NcmNJKIM) function as regulators. Targeted inactivation of ncmB led to nocamycin production being completely abolished, which demonstrates that this gene cluster is involved in nocamycin biosynthesis. To generate new nocamycin derivatives, the gene ncmG, encoding for a cytochrome P450 oxidase, was inactivated. Two new nocamycin derivatives nocamycin III and nocamycin IV were isolated from the ncmG deletion mutant strain and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses. Based on bioinformatics analysis and new derivatives isolated from gene inactivation mutant strains, a biosynthetic pathway of nocamycins was proposed. CONCLUSION These findings provide the basis for further understanding of nocamycin biosynthetic mechanism, and set the stage to rationally engineer new nocamycin derivatives via combinatorial biosynthesis strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Mo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Chunrong Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Chun Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Rd., Guangzhou, 510301 China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Rd., Guangzhou, 510301 China
| | - Qingji Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
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Abstract
Oxidative cyclizations are important transformations that occur widely during natural product biosynthesis. The transformations from acyclic precursors to cyclized products can afford morphed scaffolds, structural rigidity, and biological activities. Some of the most dramatic structural alterations in natural product biosynthesis occur through oxidative cyclization. In this Review, we examine the different strategies used by nature to create new intra(inter)molecular bonds via redox chemistry. This Review will cover both oxidation- and reduction-enabled cyclization mechanisms, with an emphasis on the former. Radical cyclizations catalyzed by P450, nonheme iron, α-KG-dependent oxygenases, and radical SAM enzymes are discussed to illustrate the use of molecular oxygen and S-adenosylmethionine to forge new bonds at unactivated sites via one-electron manifolds. Nonradical cyclizations catalyzed by flavin-dependent monooxygenases and NAD(P)H-dependent reductases are covered to show the use of two-electron manifolds in initiating cyclization reactions. The oxidative installations of epoxides and halogens into acyclic scaffolds to drive subsequent cyclizations are separately discussed as examples of "disappearing" reactive handles. Last, oxidative rearrangement of rings systems, including contractions and expansions, will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Cheng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Christopher T. Walsh
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Chiu HT, Weng CP, Lin YC, Chen KH. Target-specific identification and characterization of the putative gene cluster for brasilinolide biosynthesis revealing the mechanistic insights and combinatorial synthetic utility of 2-deoxy-l-fucose biosynthetic enzymes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1988-2006. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02292d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From Nocardia was cloned and functionally characterized a giant gene cluster for biosyntheses of brasilinolides as potent immunosuppressive and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tai Chiu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 701
- Taiwan
| | - Chien-Pao Weng
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 701
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan 701
- Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- Taiwan
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Chang FY, Ternei MA, Calle PY, Brady SF. Targeted metagenomics: finding rare tryptophan dimer natural products in the environment. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6044-52. [PMID: 25872030 PMCID: PMC4839266 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural product discovery from environmental genomes (metagenomics) has largely been limited to the screening of existing environmental DNA (eDNA) libraries. Here, we have coupled a chemical-biogeographic survey of chromopyrrolic acid synthase (CPAS) gene diversity with targeted eDNA library production to more efficiently access rare tryptophan dimer (TD) biosynthetic gene clusters. A combination of traditional and synthetic biology-based heterologous expression efforts using eDNA-derived gene clusters led to the production of hydroxysporine (1) and reductasporine (2), two bioactive TDs. As suggested by our phylogenetic analysis of CPAS genes, identified in our survey of crude eDNA extracts, reductasporine (2) contains an unprecedented TD core structure: a pyrrolinium indolocarbazole core that is likely key to its unusual bioactivity profile. This work demonstrates the potential for the discovery of structurally rare and biologically interesting natural products using targeted metagenomics, where environmental samples are prescreened to identify the most phylogenetically unique gene sequences and molecules associated with these genes are accessed through targeted metagenomic library construction and heterologous expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Chang
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Melinda A. Ternei
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Paula Y. Calle
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Sean F. Brady
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
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Zhang W, Ma L, Li S, Liu Z, Chen Y, Zhang H, Zhang G, Zhang Q, Tian X, Yuan C, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhang C. Indimicins A-E, Bisindole Alkaloids from the Deep-Sea-Derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 03032. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1887-1892. [PMID: 25069084 DOI: 10.1021/np500362p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Five new bisindole alkaloids, indimicins A-E (1-5), bearing a unique 1',3'-dimethyl-2'-hydroindole moiety, were isolated from the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 03032, along with two new compounds, lynamicins F and G (6 and 7). Their planar structures were elucidated by detailed interpretation of their MS and NMR spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis (for 1), comparison of CD spectra (for 2-4), and quantum chemical calculations (for 5). Indimicin B (2) exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity toward the MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Guangzhoujinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University , 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchan Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology , 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpeng Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology , 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
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Chang FY, Brady SF. Characterization of an environmental DNA-derived gene cluster that encodes the bisindolylmaleimide methylarcyriarubin. Chembiochem 2014; 15:815-21. [PMID: 24648189 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisindolylmaleimides represent a naturally occurring class of metabolites that are of interest because of their protein kinase inhibition activity. From a metagenomic library constructed with soil DNA, we identified the four gene mar cluster, a bisindolylmaleimide gene cluster that encodes for methylarcyriarubin (1) production. Heterologous expression of the mar gene cluster in E. coli revealed that the Rieske dioxygenase MarC facilitates the oxidative decarboxylation of a chromopyrrolic acid (CPA) intermediate to yield the bisindolylmaleimide core. The characterization of the mar cluster defines a new role for CPA in the biosynthesis of structurally diverse bacterial tryptophan dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Chang
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
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Chang FY, Ternei MA, Calle PY, Brady SF. Discovery and synthetic refactoring of tryptophan dimer gene clusters from the environment. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17906-12. [PMID: 24171465 DOI: 10.1021/ja408683p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigate bacterial tryptophan dimer (TD) biosynthesis by probing environmental DNA (eDNA) libraries for chromopyrrolic acid (CPA) synthase genes. Functional and bioinformatics analyses of TD clusters indicate that CPA synthase gene sequences diverge in concert with the functional output of their respective clusters, making this gene a powerful tool for guiding the discovery of novel TDs from the environment. Twelve unprecedented TD biosynthetic gene clusters that can be arranged into five groups (A-E) based on their ability to generate distinct TD core substructures were recovered from eDNA libraries. Four of these groups contain clusters from both cultured and culture independent studies, while the remaining group consists entirely of eDNA-derived clusters. The complete synthetic refactoring of a representative gene cluster from the latter eDNA specific group led to the characterization of the erdasporines, cytotoxins with a novel carboxy-indolocarbazole TD substructure. Analysis of CPA synthase genes in crude eDNA suggests the presence of additional TD gene clusters in soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Chang
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University , 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Cloning, characterization and heterologous expression of the indolocarbazole biosynthetic gene cluster from marine-derived Streptomyces sanyensis FMA. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:466-88. [PMID: 23389092 PMCID: PMC3640393 DOI: 10.3390/md11020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The indolocarbazole (ICZ) alkaloids have attracted much attention due to their unique structures and potential therapeutic applications. A series of ICZs were recently isolated and identified from a marine-derived actinomycete strain, Streptomyces sanyensis FMA. To elucidate the biosynthetic machinery associated with ICZs production in S.sanyensis FMA, PCR using degenerate primers was carried out to clone the FAD-dependent monooxygenase gene fragment for ICZ ring formation, which was used as a probe to isolate the 34.6-kb DNA region containing the spc gene cluster. Sequence analysis revealed genes for ICZ ring formation (spcO, D, P, C), sugar unit formation (spcA, B, E, K, J, I), glycosylation (spcN, G), methylation (spcMA, MB), as well as regulation (spcR). Their involvement in ICZ biosynthesis was confirmed by gene inactivation and heterologous expression in Streptomyces coelicolor M1152. This work represents the first cloning and characterization of an ICZ gene cluster isolated from a marine-derived actinomycete strain and would be helpful for thoroughly understanding the biosynthetic mechanism of ICZ glycosides.
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Fu P, Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Liu P, Qi X, Gu K, Zhang D, Zhu W. New Indolocarbazoles from a Mutant Strain of the Marine-Derived Actinomycete Streptomyces fradiae 007M135. Org Lett 2012; 14:6194-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302940y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kangbo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Daojing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Saerens KMJ, Zhang J, Saey L, Van Bogaert INA, Soetaert W. Cloning and functional characterization of the UDP-glucosyltransferase UgtB1 involved in sophorolipid production by Candida bombicola and creation of a glucolipid-producing yeast strain. Yeast 2011; 28:279-92. [PMID: 21456054 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sophorolipids produced by the non-pathogenic yeast Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 are glycolipid biosurfactants applied commercially as biodegradable and eco-friendly detergents. Their low cell toxicity, excellent wetting capability and antimicrobial activity attract the attention of high-value markets, such as the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Although sophorolipid production yields have been increased by the optimization of fermentation parameters and feed sources, the biosynthetic pathway and genetic mechanism behind sophorolipid production still remains unclear. Here we identify a UDP-glucosyltransferase gene, UGTB1, with a key function in this economically important pathway. The protein shows sequence and structural homology to several bacterial glycosyltransferases involved in macrolide antibiotic synthesis. Deletion of UGTB1 in C. bombicola did not affect cell growth and resulted in a yeast producing glucolipids, thereby opening the route for in vivo production of these glycolipid intermediates. Activity assays on cell lysates confirmed that the identified gene is responsible for the second glucosylation step during sophorolipid production and illustrated that sophorolipid production in C. bombicola involves the stepwise action of two independent glucosyltransferases. The complete UGTB1 sequence data have been submitted to the GenBank database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) under Accession No. HM440974.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M J Saerens
- Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Groom K, Bhattacharya A, Zechel DL. Rebeccamycin and Staurosporine Biosynthesis: Insight into the Mechanisms of the Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenases RebC and StaC. Chembiochem 2011; 12:396-400. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chiu HT, Lin YC, Lee MN, Chen YL, Wang MS, Lai CC. Biochemical characterization and substrate specificity of the gene cluster for biosyntheses of K-252a and its analogs by in vitro heterologous expression system of Escherichia coli. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:1192-203. [DOI: 10.1039/b912395b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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