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Petters SS, Kjærgaard ER, Hasager F, Massling A, Glasius M, Bilde M. Morphology and hygroscopicity of nanoplastics in sea spray. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32430-32442. [PMID: 37991397 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The role of airborne nanoparticles in atmospheric chemistry and public health is largely controlled by particle size, morphology, surface composition, and coating. Aerosol mass spectrometry provides real-time chemical characterization of submicron atmospheric particles, but analysis of nanoplastics in complex aerosol mixtures such as sea spray is severely limited by challenges associated with separation and ionization of the aerosol matrix. Here we characterize the internal and external mixing state of synthetic sea spray aerosols spiked with 150 nm nanoplastics. Aerosols generated from pneumatic atomization and from a sea spray tank are compared. A humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer is used as a size and hygroscopicity filter, resulting in separation of nanoplastics from sea spray, and an inline high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer is used to characterize particle composition and ionization efficiency. The separation technique amplified the detection limit of the airborne nanoplastics. A salt coating was found on the nanoplastics with coating thickness increasing exponentially with increasing bulk solution salinity, which was varied from 0 to 40 g kg-1. Relative ionization efficiencies of polystyrene and sea salt chloride were 0.19 and 0.36, respectively. The growth-factor derived hygroscopicity of sea salt was 1.4 at 75% relative humidity. These results underscore the importance of separating airborne nanoplastics from sea salt aerosol for detailed online characterization by aerosol mass spectrometry and characterization of salt coatings as a function of water composition. The surface coating of nanoplastic aerosols by salts can profoundly impact their surface chemistry, water uptake, and humidified particle size distributions in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Freja Hasager
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Massling
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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2
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Zhang T, Wen M, Ju Y, Kang J, Wang R, Cao J, Roy SK. Theoretical studies on the mechanism and kinetic for CH3
CH2
O + HO2
and CH3
CHOH + HO2
reactions. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Shaanxi University of Technology; Hanzhong Shaanxi China
| | - Mingjie Wen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Shaanxi University of Technology; Hanzhong Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Ju
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Jiaxin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Shaanxi University of Technology; Hanzhong Shaanxi China
| | - Jia Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering; Yan'an University; Yan'an Shaanxi China
| | - Soumendra K. Roy
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Shaanxi University of Technology; Hanzhong Shaanxi China
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3
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Herrmann H, Schaefer T, Tilgner A, Styler SA, Weller C, Teich M, Otto T. Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4259-334. [PMID: 25950643 DOI: 10.1021/cr500447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah A Styler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Weller
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monique Teich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Lakey PSJ, George IJ, Whalley LK, Baeza-Romero MT, Heard DE. Measurements of the HO2 uptake coefficients onto single component organic aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4878-4885. [PMID: 25811311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of HO2 uptake coefficients (γ) were made onto a variety of organic aerosols derived from glutaric acid, glyoxal, malonic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, squalene, monoethanol amine sulfate, monomethyl amine sulfate, and two sources of humic acid, for an initial HO2 concentration of 1 × 10(9) molecules cm(-3), room temperature and at atmospheric pressure. Values in the range of γ < 0.004 to γ = 0.008 ± 0.004 were measured for all of the aerosols apart from the aerosols from the two sources of humic acid. For humic acid aerosols, uptake coefficients in the range of γ = 0.007 ± 0.002 to γ = 0.09 ± 0.03 were measured. Elevated concentrations of copper (16 ± 1 and 380 ± 20 ppb) and iron (600 ± 30 and 51 000 ± 3000 ppb) ions were measured in the humic acid atomizer solutions compared to the other organics that can explain the higher uptake values measured. A strong dependence upon relative humidity was also observed for uptake onto humic acid, with larger uptake coefficients seen at higher humidities. Possible hypotheses for the humidity dependence include the changing liquid water content of the aerosol, a change in the mass accommodation coefficient or in the Henry's law constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S J Lakey
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - I J George
- ‡National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - L K Whalley
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
- §National Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - M T Baeza-Romero
- ∥Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n Real Fábrica de Armas, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - D E Heard
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
- §National Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
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5
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Dodson LG, Shen L, Savee JD, Eddingsaas NC, Welz O, Taatjes CA, Osborn DL, Sander SP, Okumura M. VUV photoionization cross sections of HO2, H2O2, and H2CO. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1279-91. [PMID: 25621533 DOI: 10.1021/jp508942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The absolute vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization spectra of the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and formaldehyde (H2CO) have been measured from their first ionization thresholds to 12.008 eV. HO2, H2O2, and H2CO were generated from the oxidation of methanol initiated by pulsed-laser-photolysis of Cl2 in a low-pressure slow flow reactor. Reactants, intermediates, and products were detected by time-resolved multiplexed synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry. Absolute concentrations were obtained from the time-dependent photoion signals by modeling the kinetics of the methanol oxidation chemistry. Photoionization cross sections were determined at several photon energies relative to the cross section of methanol, which was in turn determined relative to that of propene. These measurements were used to place relative photoionization spectra of HO2, H2O2, and H2CO on an absolute scale, resulting in absolute photoionization spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah G Dodson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and §NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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6
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Bedjanian Y, Romanias MN, El Zein A. Interaction of OH Radicals with Arizona Test Dust: Uptake and Products. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:393-400. [DOI: 10.1021/jp311235h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Bedjanian
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS,
45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Manolis N. Romanias
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS,
45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Atallah El Zein
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS,
45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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7
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George IJ, Matthews PSJ, Whalley LK, Brooks B, Goddard A, Baeza-Romero MT, Heard DE. Measurements of uptake coefficients for heterogeneous loss of HO2 onto submicron inorganic salt aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12829-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51831k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Romanias MN, El Zein A, Bedjanian Y. Heterogeneous Interaction of H2O2 with TiO2 Surface under Dark and UV Light Irradiation Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8191-200. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305366v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N. Romanias
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité
et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS, 45071 Orléans
Cedex 2, France
| | - Atallah El Zein
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité
et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS, 45071 Orléans
Cedex 2, France
| | - Yuri Bedjanian
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité
et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS, 45071 Orléans
Cedex 2, France
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9
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Woods E, Yi C, Gerson JR, Zaman RA. Uptake of Pyrene by NaCl, NaNO3, and MgCl2 Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:4137-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3014145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346, United
States
| | - Colin Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346, United
States
| | - Jacqueline R. Gerson
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346, United
States
| | - Rifat A. Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346, United
States
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10
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Ciuraru R, Gosselin S, Visez N, Petitprez D. Heterogeneous reactivity of chlorine atoms with ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4527-37. [PMID: 22374517 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this laboratory study, model particles of ammonium sulfate (AS) and ammonium nitrate (AN) were exposed to chlorine atoms and uptake experiments were performed in a coated wall flow tube reactor coupled to a molecular beam mass spectrometer. The reactive surfaces were prepared by coating the inner surface of the reactor using two different methods: either by depositing size-selected particles on the halocarbon wax or by spray depositing thin films using a constant output atomizer. The observed uptake coefficients vary for (NH(4))(2)SO(4), ranging from γ(Cl)(AS)≈ 1 × 10(-3) for size-selected particles to γ(Cl)(AS)≈ 6 × 10(-2) for thin films prepared by spray. An uptake coefficient of γ(Cl)(AN)≈ 2.5 × 10(-3) of Cl˙ on size-selected NH(4)NO(3) particles was measured. A heterogeneous recombination of Cl atoms to from Cl(2) molecules was observed for the two surfaces. Furthermore, an ageing process was observed for AS particles, this phenomenon leading to the formation of new chlorine species on the solid substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ciuraru
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, UMR CNRS Lille, Université Lille1-Sciences et Technologies, France
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11
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El Zein A, Bedjanian Y. Reactive Uptake of HONO to TiO2 Surface: “Dark” Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3665-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300859w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atallah El Zein
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique,
Réactivité
et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS, 45071 Orléans
Cedex 2, France
| | - Yuri Bedjanian
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique,
Réactivité
et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS, 45071 Orléans
Cedex 2, France
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12
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Abbatt JPD, Lee AKY, Thornton JA. Quantifying trace gas uptake to tropospheric aerosol: recent advances and remaining challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6555-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Ciuraru R, Gosselin S, Visez N, Petitprez D. Heterogeneous reactivity of chlorine atoms with sodium chloride and synthetic sea salt particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19460-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol particles play pivotal roles in climate and air quality. Just as chemically reduced gases experience oxidation in the atmosphere, it is now apparent that solid and liquid atmospheric particulates are also subject to similar oxidative processes. The most reactive atmospheric gas-phase radicals, in particular the hydroxyl radical, readily promote such chemistry through surficial interactions. This Review looks at progress made in this field, discussing the radical-initiated heterogeneous oxidation of organic and inorganic constituents of atmospheric aerosols. We focus on the kinetics and reaction mechanisms of such processes as well as how they can affect the physico-chemical properties of particles, such as their composition, size, density and hygroscopicity. Potential impacts on the atmosphere include the release of chemically reactive gases such as halogens, aldehydes and organic acids, reactive loss of particle-borne molecular tracer and toxic species, and enhanced hygroscopic properties of aerosols that may improve their ability to form cloud droplets.
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