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Wubie GZ, Lu MN, Desta MA, Weldekirstos HD, Lee MM, Wu WT, Li SR, Wei TC, Sun SS. Structural Engineering of Organic D-A-π-A Dyes Incorporated with a Dibutyl-Fluorene Moiety for High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23513-23522. [PMID: 33840194 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Structural engineering of the light-harvesting dyes employed in DSSCs (dye-sensitized solar cells) with a systematic choice of the electron-donating and -accepting groups as well as the π-bridge allows the (photo)physical properties of dyes to match the criteria needed for improving the DSSC efficiency. Herein, we report an effective approach of molecular engineering of DSSC sensitizers, aiming to gain insights on the configurational impact of the fluorenyl unit on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. Five new organic dyes (GZ116, GZ126, GZ129, MA1116, and MA1118) with a D-A-π-A framework integrated with a fluorenyl moiety were designed and synthesized for DSSCs. The fluorenyl unit is configured as part of the π-spacer for the GZ series, whereas it connected on the electron-deficient quinoxaline motif for the MA series. The devices fabricated from the MA1116 sensitizer produced the best performance under standard AM 1.5 G solar conditions as well as dim-light (300-6000 lx) illumination. The devices fabricated from MA1116 displayed a PCE of 8.68% (Jsc = 15.00 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.82 V, and FF = 0.71) under 1 sun and 26.81% (Jsc = 0.93 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.68 V, and FF = 0.76) under 6000 lx illumination. The device efficiency based on dye MA1116 under 1 sun outperformed that based on the standard N719 dye, whereas a comparable performance between devices based on MA1116 and N719 was achieved under dim-light conditions. A combination of enhancing the charge separation, suppressing dye aggregation, and providing better insulation that prevents the oxidized redox mediator from approaching the TiO2 surface all contribute to the superior performance of DSSCs fabricated based on these light-harvesting dyes. The judicious integration of the fluorenyl unit in a D-A-π-A-based DSSC would be a promising strategy to boost the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebremariam Zebene Wubie
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. R.O.C
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Man-Ning Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mekonnen Abebayehu Desta
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. R.O.C
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hulugirgesh Degefu Weldekirstos
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. R.O.C
- Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Mandy M Lee
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ti Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Sie-Rong Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Chien Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. R.O.C
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Li S, Miao T, Cheng X, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Zhu X. Different phase-dominated chiral assembly of polyfluorenes induced by chiral solvation: axial and supramolecular chirality. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38257-38264. [PMID: 35541783 PMCID: PMC9075892 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of chirality in an achiral system will not only help avoid the tedious and expensive synthesis of chiral substances or catalysts but also greatly expand the ranges of chiral compounds. Herein, the induction of chirality in achiral polyfluorene (PF2/6 and PF8) with different alkyl chains at the C9 position of fluorene was achieved using a binary solvent system, in which ethanol was used as a poor solvent and chiral limonene was employed simultaneously as a good solvent and chiral solvent. The circular dichroism (CD), UV-vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrated that the structures of PFs with linear/branched alkyl side chains and the volume fractions of the cosolvents had an obvious effect on the generation of chirality driven by chiral solvation. During the chiral assembly processes of PFs, PF8 with a linear alkyl side chain demonstrated the obvious chiral β phase, while PF2/6 with a branched alkyl side chain only showed the chiral α phase. WAXD data also confirmed the existence of quite different phases of PF8 and PF2/6. The first induced chirality of PF with a branched alkyl side chain (PF2/6) will help the further understanding of the chiral assembly mechanism of PFs driven by chiral solvation. The induced chirality of PF2/6 was axial chirality of the PF chain but the chirality of PF8 was from the supramolecular chiral assembly of the PF chains. The linear dependence of the maximum CD and gCD values on the enantiomeric purity of chiral limonene demonstrated that the achiral PFs have a potential application as chiral sensors to detect the ee value of limonene. The chiral solvation induced chirality in achiral polyfluorenes showed the axial chirality for PF2/6 with branched side alkyl chain, but supramolecular chirality for PF8 with linear side alkyl chain.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Tengfei Miao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiaoxiao Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yin Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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Yu MN, Soleimaninejad H, Lin JY, Zuo ZY, Liu B, Bo YF, Bai LB, Han YM, Smith TA, Xu M, Wu XP, Dunstan DE, Xia RD, Xie LH, Bradley DDC, Huang W. Photophysical and Fluorescence Anisotropic Behavior of Polyfluorene β-Conformation Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:364-372. [PMID: 29298074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a systematic visualization of the unique photophysical and fluorescence anisotropic properties of polyfluorene coplanar conformation (β-conformation) using time-resolved scanning confocal fluorescence imaging (FLIM) and fluorescence anisotropy imaging microscopy (FAIM) measurements. We observe inhomogeneous morphologies and fluorescence decay profiles at various micrometer-sized regions within all types of polyfluorene β-conformational spin-coated films. Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) (PFO) and poly[4-(octyloxy)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-co-[5-(octyloxy)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2,7-diyl] (PODPF) β-domains both have shorter lifetime than those of the glassy conformation for the longer effective conjugated length and rigid chain structures. Besides, β-conformational regions have larger fluorescence anisotropy for the low molecular rotational motion and high chain orientation, while the low anisotropy in glassy conformational regions shows more rotational freedom of the chain and efficient energy migration from amorphous regions to β-conformation as a whole. Finally, ultrastable ASE threshold in the PODPF β-conformational films also confirms its potential application in organic lasers. In this regard, FLIM and FAIM measurements provide an effective platform to explore the fundamental photophysical process of conformational transitions in conjugated polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Na Yu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hamid Soleimaninejad
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jin-Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zong-Yan Zuo
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Fan Bo
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu-Bing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ya-Min Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Trevor A Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Man Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Wu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dave E Dunstan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rui-Dong Xia
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Departments of Engineering Science and Physics and Division of Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences, Oxford University , 9 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PD, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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4
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Liang J, Yu L, Ying L, Liu F, Yang W, Peng J, Cao Y. Improving efficiency and color purity of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) through addition of a high boiling-point solvent of 1-chloronaphthalene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:284001. [PMID: 27250786 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/28/284001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the β-phase of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) was used as a probe to study the effects of the addition of a high boiling-point solvent of 1-chloronaphthalene on the nanostructures and electroluminescence of PFO films. Both absorption and photoluminescence spectra showed that the content of the β-phase in PFO film was obviously enhanced as a result of the addition of a small amount of 1-chloronaphthalene into the processing solvent of p-xylenes. Apparently rougher morphology associated with the effectively enhanced ordering of polymer chains across the entire film was observed for films processed from p-xylene solutions consisting of a certain amount of 1-chloronaphthalene, as revealed by atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction measurements. In addition to the effects on the nanostructures of films, of particular interest is that the performance and color purity of polymer light-emitting devices can be noticeably enhanced upon the addition of 1-chloronaphthalene. These observations highlight the importance of controlling the nanostructures of the emissive layer, and demonstrate that the addition of a low volume ratio of high boiling-point additive can be a promising strategy to attain high-performance polymer light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhao Y, Abdul Rahim NA, Xia Y, Fujiki M, Song B, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhu X. Supramolecular Chirality in Achiral Polyfluorene: Chiral Gelation, Memory of Chirality, and Chiral Sensing Property. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhao
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yijun Xia
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Bo Song
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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6
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Lin JY, Zhu WS, Liu F, Xie LH, Zhang L, Xia R, Xing GC, Huang W. A Rational Molecular Design of β-Phase Polydiarylfluorenes: Synthesis, Morphology, and Organic Lasers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402585n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yi Lin
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Sai Zhu
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ruidong Xia
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Chuan Xing
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Knaapila M, Monkman AP. Methods for controlling structure and photophysical properties in polyfluorene solutions and gels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1090-1108. [PMID: 23341026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the phase behavior of polyfluorene solutions and gels has expanded tremendously in recent years. The relationship between the structure formation and photophysics is known at the quantitative level. The factors which we understand control these relationships include virtually all important materials parameters such as solvent quality, side chain branching, side chain length, molecular weight, thermal history and myriad functionalizations. This review describes advances in controlling structure and photophysical properties in polyfluorene solutions and gels. It discusses the demarcation lines between solutions, gels, and macrophase separation in conjugated polymers and reviews essential solid state properties needed for understanding of solutions. It gives an insight into polyfluorene and polyfluorene beta phase in solutions and gels and describes all the structural levels in solvent matrices, ranging from intramolecular structures to the diverse aggregate classes and network structures and agglomerates of these units. It goes on to describe the kinetics and thermodynamics of these structures. It details the manifold molecular parameters used in their control and continues with the molecular confinement and touches on permanently cross-linked networks. Particular focus is placed on the experimental results of archetypical polyfluorenes and solvent matrices and connection between structure and photonics. A connection is also made to the mean field type theories of hairy-rod like polymers. This altogether allows generalizations and provides a guideline for materials scientists, synthetic chemists and device engineers as well, for this important class of semiconductor, luminescent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Knaapila
- Physics Department, Institute for Energy Technology, 2027 Kjeller, Norway.
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Chen C, Liao JY, Chi Z, Xu B, Zhang X, Kuang DB, Zhang Y, Liu S, Xu J. Metal-free organic dyes derived from triphenylethylene for dye-sensitized solar cells: tuning of the performance by phenothiazine and carbazole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Palacios R, Formentin P, Martinez-Ferrero E, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. β-Phase Morphology in Ordered Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Nanopillars by Template Wetting Method. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:35. [PMID: 27502658 PMCID: PMC3211439 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method based in template wetting is applied for fabrication of ordered Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) nanopillars with β-phase morphology. In this process, nanoporous alumina obtained by anodization process is used as template. PFO nanostructures are prepared under ambient conditions via infiltration of the polymeric solution into the pores of the alumina with an average pore diameter of 225 nm and a pore depth of 500 nm. The geometric features of the resulting structures are characterized with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), luminescence fluorimeter (PL) and micro μ-X-ray diffractometer (μ-XRD). The characterization demonstrates the β-phase of the PFO in the nanopillars fabricated. Furthermore, the PFO nanopillars are characterized by Raman spectroscopy to study the polymer conformation. These ordered nanostructures can be used in optoelectronic applications such as polymer light-emitting diodes, sensors and organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palacios
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - P Formentin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - E Martinez-Ferrero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - L F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Lee SK, Lee WH, Cho JM, Park SJ, Park JU, Shin WS, Lee JC, Kang IN, Moon SJ. Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Quinoxaline-Based Alternating Copolymers for High-Efficiency Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102943g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Woo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Jung Min Cho
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Song Ju Park
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Jin-Uk Park
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Moon
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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Lee SK, Kang IN, Lee JC, Shin WS, So WW, Moon SJ. Synthesis and characterization of thiazolothiazole-based polymers and their applications in polymer solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Bright DW, Moss KC, Kamtekar KT, Bryce MR, Monkman AP. The β Phase Formation Limit in Two Poly(9,9-di-n
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