1
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Song B, Yang P, Zhang S. Cell fate regulation governed by p53: Friends or reversible foes in cancer therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:297-360. [PMID: 38311377 PMCID: PMC10958678 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeted therapies aimed at key oncogenic driver mutations in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as immunotherapy have benefited cancer patients considerably. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), a crucial tumor suppressor gene encoding p53, regulates numerous downstream genes and cellular phenotypes in response to various stressors. The affected genes are involved in diverse processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, metabolic homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, accumulating recent studies have continued to reveal novel and unexpected functions of p53 in governing the fate of tumors, for example, functions in ferroptosis, immunity, the tumor microenvironment and microbiome metabolism. Among the possibilities, the evolutionary plasticity of p53 is the most controversial, partially due to the dizzying array of biological functions that have been attributed to different regulatory mechanisms of p53 signaling. Nearly 40 years after its discovery, this key tumor suppressor remains somewhat enigmatic. The intricate and diverse functions of p53 in regulating cell fate during cancer treatment are only the tip of the iceberg with respect to its equally complicated structural biology, which has been painstakingly revealed. Additionally, TP53 mutation is one of the most significant genetic alterations in cancer, contributing to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor progression. Here, we summarized recent advances that implicate altered p53 in modulating the response to various cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, we also discussed potential strategies for targeting p53 as a therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChina National Nuclear Corporation 416 HospitalChengduSichuanP. R. China
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical TransformationWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
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2
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Paull EO, Aytes A, Jones SJ, Subramaniam PS, Giorgi FM, Douglass EF, Tagore S, Chu B, Vasciaveo A, Zheng S, Verhaak R, Abate-Shen C, Alvarez MJ, Califano A. A modular master regulator landscape controls cancer transcriptional identity. Cell 2021; 184:334-351.e20. [PMID: 33434495 PMCID: PMC8103356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts, the mechanisms linking genomic alterations to the transcriptional identity of cancer cells remain elusive. Integrative genomic analysis, using a network-based approach, identified 407 master regulator (MR) proteins responsible for canalizing the genetics of individual samples from 20 cohorts in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) into 112 transcriptionally distinct tumor subtypes. MR proteins could be further organized into 24 pan-cancer, master regulator block modules (MRBs), each regulating key cancer hallmarks and predictive of patient outcome in multiple cohorts. Of all somatic alterations detected in each individual sample, >50% were predicted to induce aberrant MR activity, yielding insight into mechanisms linking tumor genetics and transcriptional identity and establishing non-oncogene dependencies. Genetic and pharmacological validation assays confirmed the predicted effect of upstream mutations and MR activity on downstream cellular identity and phenotype. Thus, co-analysis of mutational and gene expression profiles identified elusive subtypes and provided testable hypothesis for mechanisms mediating the effect of genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan O Paull
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alvaro Aytes
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain; Program Against Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Sunny J Jones
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Prem S Subramaniam
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Eugene F Douglass
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Somnath Tagore
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brennan Chu
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alessandro Vasciaveo
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roel Verhaak
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Mariano J Alvarez
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; DarwinHealth, Inc. New York, NY 10018, USA.
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; DarwinHealth, Inc. New York, NY 10018, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Liu M, Yu T, Li M, Fang X, Hou B, Liu G, Wang J. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain promotes cell proliferation and phenotypic modulation through 14-3-3ε/YAP signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 147:35-48. [PMID: 32771410 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In response to vascular injury, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) may change from a contractile phenotype to a proliferative phenotype and consequently become conducive to neointima formation. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) was initially discovered as an endogenous apoptosis inhibitor, but whether ARC plays a role in VSMCs and whether it can participate in the regulation of atherosclerosis are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Protein and mRNA levels of ARC in tissues and cells were detected by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the protein location, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect protein expression in tissues. VSMC proliferation was analysed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU assays, while migration was assessed by Transwell assay. Mechanistically, the direct binding between two proteins was verified by immunoprecipitation. We found that ARC expression was stimulated in VSMCs during cell proliferation. Our results also showed that ARC promoted cell proliferation and induced phenotypic modulation of VSMCs in vitro and vivo. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ARC increased the nuclear localization of Yes associated protein (YAP) by binding to 14-3-3ε and that ARC played a role in promoting cell proliferation and phenotypic modulation. Additionally, the transcription factor p53 negatively regulated ARC expression at the transcriptional level during cell proliferation and phenotypic modulation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define a novel role for ARC in the phenotypic transition of proliferating VSMCs, which may provide a new strategy for regulating neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The affiliated hospital of Qingdao university, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gaoli Liu
- Department of Cardiac surgery, The affiliated hospital of Qingdao university, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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4
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Gain-of-Function Mutant p53: All the Roads Lead to Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246197. [PMID: 31817996 PMCID: PMC6940767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is mutated in about 50% of human cancers. Aside from losing the tumor-suppressive functions of the wild-type form, mutant p53 proteins often acquire inherent, novel oncogenic functions, a phenomenon termed mutant p53 gain-of-function (GOF). A growing body of evidence suggests that these pro-oncogenic functions of mutant p53 proteins are mediated by affecting the transcription of various genes, as well as by protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other effectors. In the current review, we discuss the various GOF effects of mutant p53, and how it may serve as a central node in a network of genes and proteins, which, altogether, promote the tumorigenic process. Finally, we discuss mechanisms by which "Mother Nature" tries to abrogate the pro-oncogenic functions of mutant p53. Thus, we suggest that targeting mutant p53, via its reactivation to the wild-type form, may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for many cancers that harbor mutant p53. Not only will this strategy abrogate mutant p53 GOF, but it will also restore WT p53 tumor-suppressive functions.
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5
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Lulla AR, Slifker MJ, Zhou Y, Lev A, Einarson MB, Dicker DT, El-Deiry WS. miR-6883 Family miRNAs Target CDK4/6 to Induce G 1 Phase Cell-Cycle Arrest in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6902-6913. [PMID: 29061672 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CDK4/6 targeting is a promising therapeutic strategy under development for various tumor types. In this study, we used computational methods and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset analysis to identify novel miRNAs that target CDK4/6 and exhibit potential for therapeutic development in colorectal cancer. The 3'UTR of CDK4/6 mRNAs are targeted by a family of miRNAs, which includes miR-6883-5p, miR-149*, miR-6785-5p, and miR-4728-5p. Ectopic expression of miR-6883-5p or miR-149* downregulated CDK4 and CDK6 levels in human colorectal cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed an inverse relationship between the expression of CDK4/6 and miR-149* and intronic miRNA-6883-5p encoding the clock gene PER1 in colorectal cancer patient samples. Restoring expression of miR-6883-5p and miR-149* blocked cell growth leading to G0-G1 phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. CDK4/6 targeting by miR-6883-5p and miR-149* could only partially explain the observed antiproliferative effects. Notably, both miRNAs synergized with the frontline colorectal cancer chemotherapy drug irinotecan. Further, they resensitized mutant p53-expressing cell lines resistant to 5-fluorouracil. Taken together, our results established the foundations of a candidate miRNA-based theranostic strategy to improve colorectal cancer management. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6902-13. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amriti R Lulla
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Yan Zhou
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Avital Lev
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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6
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Shetzer Y, Molchadsky A, Rotter V. Oncogenic Mutant p53 Gain of Function Nourishes the Vicious Cycle of Tumor Development and Cancer Stem-Cell Formation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026203. [PMID: 27235476 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
More than half of human tumors harbor an inactivated p53 tumor-suppressor gene. It is well accepted that mutant p53 shows an oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) activity that facilitates the transformed phenotype of cancer cells. In addition, a growing body of evidence supports the notion that cancer stem cells comprise a seminal constituent in the initiation and progression of cancer development. Here, we elaborate on the mutant p53 oncogenic GOF leading toward the acquisition of a transformed phenotype, as well as placing mutant p53 as a major component in the establishment of cancer stem cell entity. Therefore, therapy targeted toward cancer stem cells harboring mutant p53 is expected to pave the way to eradicate tumor growth and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Shetzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alina Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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7
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A dual molecular analogue tuner for dissecting protein function in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11742. [PMID: 27230261 PMCID: PMC4895048 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function studies are fundamental for dissecting gene function. Yet, methods
to rapidly and effectively perturb genes in mammalian cells, and particularly in
stem cells, are scarce. Here we present a system for simultaneous conditional
regulation of two different proteins in the same mammalian cell. This system
harnesses the plant auxin and jasmonate hormone-induced degradation pathways, and is
deliverable with only two lentiviral vectors. It combines RNAi-mediated silencing of
two endogenous proteins with the expression of two exogenous proteins whose
degradation is induced by external ligands in a rapid, reversible, titratable and
independent manner. By engineering molecular tuners for NANOG, CHK1, p53 and NOTCH1
in mammalian stem cells, we have validated the applicability of the system and
demonstrated its potential to unravel complex biological processes. Loss-of-function approaches are fundamental for dissecting the roles
played by genes but methods to simultaneously perturb several proteins in the same
mammalian cell are scarce. Here the authors harness the plant auxin and jasmonate
hormone-degradation pathways and RNAi technology, to control the levels of two proteins
and validate its application in stem cells.
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8
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Shatz M, Shats I, Menendez D, Resnick MA. p53 amplifies Toll-like receptor 5 response in human primary and cancer cells through interaction with multiple signal transduction pathways. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26220208 PMCID: PMC4627285 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor regulates transcription of genes associated with diverse cellular functions including apoptosis, growth arrest, DNA repair and differentiation. Recently, we established that p53 can modulate expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) innate immunity genes but the degree of cross-talk between p53 and TLR pathways remained unclear. Here, using gene expression profiling we characterize the global effect of p53 on the TLR5-mediated transcription in MCF7 cells. We found that combined activation of p53 and TLR5 pathways synergistically increases expression of over 200 genes, mostly associated with immunity and inflammation. The synergy was observed in several human cancer cells and primary lymphocytes. The p53-dependent amplification of transcriptional response to TLR5 activation required expression of NFκB subunit p65 and was mediated by several molecular mechanisms including increased phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, PI3K and STAT3 signaling. Additionally, p53 induction increased cytokine expression in response to TNFα, another activator of NFκB and MAP kinase pathways, suggesting a broad interaction between p53 and these signaling pathways. The expression of many synergistically induced genes is elevated in breast cancer patients responsive to chemotherapy. We suggest that p53's capacity to enhance immune response could be exploited to increase antitumor immunity and to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shatz
- Chromosome Stability Group, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Igor Shats
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Menendez
- Chromosome Stability Group, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Resnick
- Chromosome Stability Group, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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9
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Trian T, Allard B, Ozier A, Maurat E, Dupin I, Thumerel M, Ousova O, Gillibert-Duplantier J, Le Morvan V, Begueret H, Girodet PO, Marthan R, Berger P. Selective dysfunction of p53 for mitochondrial biogenesis induces cellular proliferation in bronchial smooth muscle from asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1717-1726.e13. [PMID: 26688517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increase of bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) mass is a crucial feature of asthma remodeling. The mechanisms of such an increased BSM mass are complex but involve enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to increased proliferation of BSM cells in asthmatic patients. The major tumor suppressor protein p53 is a key cell regulator involved in cell proliferation and has also been implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the role of p53 in BSM cell proliferation and mitochondrial biogenesis has not been investigated thus far. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the role of p53 in proliferation of BSM cells in asthmatic patients and mitochondrial biogenesis. METHODS The expression of p53 was assessed both in vitro by using flow cytometry and Western blotting and ex vivo by using RT-PCR after laser microdissection. The role of p53 was assessed with small hairpin RNA lentivirus in both asthmatic patients and control subjects with BSM cell proliferation by using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and cell counting and in the expression of p21, BCL2-associated X protein, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). RESULTS Twenty-nine patients with moderate-to-severe asthma and 26 control subjects were enrolled in the study. p53 expression was increased in BSM from asthmatic patients both ex vivo and in vitro, with a decreased interaction with mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2) and an increased phosphorylation of serine 20. p53 did not inhibit the transcription of both TFAM and PGC-1α in BSM cells from asthmatic patients. As a consequence, p53 is unable to slow the increased mitochondrial biogenesis and hence the subsequent increased proliferation of BSM cells in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION This study suggests that p53 might act as a new potential therapeutic target against BSM remodeling in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Trian
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Benoit Allard
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Annaig Ozier
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
| | - Elise Maurat
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Thumerel
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
| | - Olga Ousova
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jennifer Gillibert-Duplantier
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hugues Begueret
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Girodet
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
| | - Roger Marthan
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
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10
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Desantis A, Bruno T, Catena V, De Nicola F, Goeman F, Iezzi S, Sorino C, Gentileschi MP, Germoni S, Monteleone V, Pellegrino M, Kann M, De Meo PD, Pallocca M, Höpker K, Moretti F, Mattei E, Reinhardt HC, Floridi A, Passananti C, Benzing T, Blandino G, Fanciulli M. Che-1 modulates the decision between cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by its binding to p53. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1764. [PMID: 25996291 PMCID: PMC4669697 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is mainly involved in the transcriptional regulation of a large number of growth-arrest- and apoptosis-related genes. However, a clear understanding of which factor/s influences the choice between these two opposing p53-dependent outcomes remains largely elusive. We have previously described that in response to DNA damage, the RNA polymerase II-binding protein Che-1/AATF transcriptionally activates p53. Here, we show that Che-1 binds directly to p53. This interaction essentially occurs in the first hours of DNA damage, whereas it is lost when cells undergo apoptosis in response to posttranscriptional modifications. Moreover, Che-1 sits in a ternary complex with p53 and the oncosuppressor Brca1. Accordingly, our analysis of genome-wide chromatin occupancy by p53 revealed that p53/Che1 interaction results in preferential transactivation of growth arrest p53 target genes over its pro-apoptotic target genes. Notably, exposure of Che-1+/− mice to ionizing radiations resulted in enhanced apoptosis of thymocytes, compared with WT mice. These results confirm Che-1 as an important regulator of p53 activity and suggest Che-1 to be a promising yet attractive drug target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Desantis
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - T Bruno
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - V Catena
- 1] Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy [2] Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 2, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - F De Nicola
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - F Goeman
- Oncogenomic Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - S Iezzi
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - C Sorino
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - M P Gentileschi
- SAFU, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - S Germoni
- SAFU, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - V Monteleone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - M Pellegrino
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - M Kann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P D De Meo
- HPC CINECA, Via dei Tizii, 6, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - M Pallocca
- Oncogenomic Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - K Höpker
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Moretti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - E Mattei
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - H C Reinhardt
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Floridi
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - C Passananti
- IBMN-CNR, Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - T Benzing
- 1] Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [3] Systems Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Blandino
- Oncogenomic Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - M Fanciulli
- 1] Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy [2] SAFU, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
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11
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Shetzer Y, Kagan S, Koifman G, Sarig R, Kogan-Sakin I, Charni M, Kaufman T, Zapatka M, Molchadsky A, Rivlin N, Dinowitz N, Levin S, Landan G, Goldstein I, Goldfinger N, Pe'er D, Radlwimmer B, Lichter P, Rotter V, Aloni-Grinstein R. The onset of p53 loss of heterozygosity is differentially induced in various stem cell types and may involve the loss of either allele. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1419-31. [PMID: 24832469 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 loss of heterozygosity (p53LOH) is frequently observed in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) patients who carry a mutant (Mut) p53 germ-line mutation. Here, we focused on elucidating the link between p53LOH and tumor development in stem cells (SCs). Although adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) robustly underwent p53LOH, p53LOH in induced embryonic pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was significantly attenuated. Only SCs that underwent p53LOH induced malignant tumors in mice. These results may explain why LFS patients develop normally, yet acquire tumors in adulthood. Surprisingly, an analysis of single-cell sub-clones of iPSCs, MSCs and ex vivo bone marrow (BM) progenitors revealed that p53LOH is a bi-directional process, which may result in either the loss of wild-type (WT) or Mut p53 allele. Interestingly, most BM progenitors underwent Mutp53LOH. Our results suggest that the bi-directional p53LOH process may function as a cell-fate checkpoint. The loss of Mutp53 may be regarded as a DNA repair event leading to genome stability. Indeed, gene expression analysis of the p53LOH process revealed upregulation of a specific chromatin remodeler and a burst of DNA repair genes. However, in the case of loss of WTp53, cells are endowed with uncontrolled growth that promotes cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shetzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Kagan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - G Koifman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - R Sarig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Kogan-Sakin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M Charni
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - T Kaufman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Rivlin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Dinowitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Levin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - G Landan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Goldstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Goldfinger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D Pe'er
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - R Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Abstract
p53 is a crucial tumour suppressor that responds to diverse stress signals by orchestrating specific cellular responses, including transient cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence and apoptosis, which are all processes associated with tumour suppression. However, recent studies have challenged the relative importance of these canonical cellular responses for p53-mediated tumour suppression and have highlighted roles for p53 in modulating other cellular processes, including metabolism, stem cell maintenance, invasion and metastasis, as well as communication within the tumour microenvironment. In this Opinion article, we discuss the roles of classical p53 functions, as well as emerging p53-regulated processes, in tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Bieging
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR-South, Room 1255, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Stephano Spano Mello
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR-South, Room 1255, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Laura D Attardi
- 1] Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR-South, Room 1255, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR-South, Room 1255, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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13
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Shetzer Y, Solomon H, Koifman G, Molchadsky A, Horesh S, Rotter V. The paradigm of mutant p53-expressing cancer stem cells and drug resistance. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1196-208. [PMID: 24658181 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that expression of mutant p53 involves the gain of oncogenic-specific activities accentuating the malignant phenotype. Depending on the specific cancer type, mutant p53 can contribute to either the early or the late events of the multiphase process underlying the transformation of a normal cell into a cancerous one. This multifactorial system is evident in ~50% of human cancers. Mutant p53 was shown to interfere with a variety of cellular functions that lead to augmented cell survival, cellular plasticity, aberration of DNA repair machinery and other effects. All these effects culminate in the acquisition of drug resistance often seen in cancer cells. Interestingly, drug resistance has also been suggested to be associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which reside within growing tumors. The notion that p53 plays a regulatory role in the life of stem cells, coupled with the observations that p53 mutations may contribute to the evolvement of CSCs makes it challenging to speculate that drug resistance and cancer recurrence are mediated by CSCs expressing mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Shetzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hilla Solomon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gabriela Koifman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alina Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Stav Horesh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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14
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Busch M, Schwindt H, Brandt A, Beier M, Görldt N, Romaniuk P, Toska E, Roberts S, Royer HD, Royer-Pokora B. Classification of a frameshift/extended and a stop mutation in WT1 as gain-of-function mutations that activate cell cycle genes and promote Wilms tumour cell proliferation. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3958-74. [PMID: 24619359 PMCID: PMC4082364 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The WT1 gene encodes a zinc finger transcription factor important for normal kidney development. WT1 is a suppressor for Wilms tumour development and an oncogene for diverse malignant tumours. We recently established cell lines from primary Wilms tumours with different WT1 mutations. To investigate the function of mutant WT1 proteins, we performed WT1 knockdown experiments in cell lines with a frameshift/extension (p.V432fsX87 = Wilms3) and a stop mutation (p.P362X = Wilms2) of WT1, followed by genome-wide gene expression analysis. We also expressed wild-type and mutant WT1 proteins in human mesenchymal stem cells and established gene expression profiles. A detailed analysis of gene expression data enabled us to classify the WT1 mutations as gain-of-function mutations. The mutant WT1Wilms2 and WT1Wilms3 proteins acquired an ability to modulate the expression of a highly significant number of genes from the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and WT1 knockdown experiments showed that they are required for Wilms tumour cell proliferation. p53 negatively regulates the activity of a large number of these genes that are also part of a core proliferation cluster in diverse human cancers. Our data strongly suggest that mutant WT1 proteins facilitate expression of these cell cycle genes by antagonizing transcriptional repression mediated by p53. We show that mutant WT1 can physically interact with p53. Together the findings show for the first time that mutant WT1 proteins have a gain-of-function and act as oncogenes for Wilms tumour development by regulating Wilms tumour cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Busch
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Heinrich Schwindt
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Artur Brandt
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Manfred Beier
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Nicole Görldt
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Paul Romaniuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2
| | - Eneda Toska
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Stefan Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Hans-Dieter Royer
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Brigitte Royer-Pokora
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
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15
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Pils D, Bachmayr-Heyda A, Auer K, Svoboda M, Auner V, Hager G, Obermayr E, Reiner A, Reinthaller A, Speiser P, Braicu I, Sehouli J, Lambrechts S, Vergote I, Mahner S, Berger A, Cacsire Castillo-Tong D, Zeillinger R. Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) as independent positive prognostic factor in advanced stage serous ovarian cancer patients – A study of the OVCAD consortium. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Simon R. Identification of potential synthetic lethal genes to p53 using a computational biology approach. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6:30. [PMID: 24025726 PMCID: PMC3847148 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of genes that are synthetic lethal to p53 is an important strategy for anticancer therapy as p53 mutations have been reported to occur in more than half of all human cancer cases. Although genome-wide RNAi screening is an effective approach to finding synthetic lethal genes, it is costly and labor-intensive. METHODS To illustrate this approach, we identified potentially druggable genes synthetically lethal for p53 using three microarray datasets for gene expression profiles of the NCI-60 cancer cell lines, one next-generation sequencing (RNA-Seq) dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, and one gene expression data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) project. We selected the genes which encoded kinases and had significantly higher expression in the tumors with functional p53 mutations (somatic mutations) than in the tumors without functional p53 mutations as the candidates of druggable synthetic lethal genes for p53. We identified important regulatory networks and functional categories pertinent to these genes, and performed an extensive survey of literature to find experimental evidence that support the synthetic lethality relationships between the genes identified and p53. We also examined the drug sensitivity difference between NCI-60 cell lines with functional p53 mutations and NCI-60 cell lines without functional p53 mutations for the compounds that target the kinases encoded by the genes identified. RESULTS Our results indicated that some of the candidate genes we identified had been experimentally verified to be synthetic lethal for p53 and promising targets for anticancer therapy while some other genes were putative targets for development of cancer therapeutic agents. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that pre-screening of potential synthetic lethal genes using gene expression profiles is a promising approach for improving the efficiency of synthetic lethal RNAi screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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17
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Brosh R, Assia-Alroy Y, Molchadsky A, Bornstein C, Dekel E, Madar S, Shetzer Y, Rivlin N, Goldfinger N, Sarig R, Rotter V. p53 counteracts reprogramming by inhibiting mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Cell Death Differ 2012; 20:312-20. [PMID: 22996684 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of somatic cell reprogramming is gaining increasing interest as reprogrammed cells are considered to hold a great therapeutic potential. However, with current technologies this process is relatively inefficient. Recent studies reported that inhibition of the p53 tumor suppressor profoundly facilitates reprogramming and attributed this effect to the ability of p53 to restrict proliferation and induce apoptosis. Given that mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) was recently shown to be necessary for reprogramming of fibroblasts, we investigated whether p53 counteracts reprogramming by affecting MET. We found that p53 restricts MET during the early phases of reprogramming and that this effect is primarily mediated by the ability of p53 to inhibit Klf4-dependent activation of epithelial genes. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed a large transcriptional signature enriched with epithelial genes, which is markedly induced by Klf4 exclusively in p53(-/-) cells. We also found that the expression of the epithelial marker E-Cadherin negatively correlates with p53 activity in a variety of mesenchymal cells even before the expression of reprogramming factors. Finally, we demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of p53 on MET is mediated by p21. We conclude that inhibition of the p53-p21 axis predisposes mesenchymal cells to the acquisition of epithelial characteristics and renders them more prone to reprogramming. Our study uncovers a novel mechanism by which p53 restrains reprogramming and highlights the role of p53 in regulating cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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18
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Rocha RM, Ignácio JA, Jordán J, Carraro DM, Lisboa B, Lopes A, Carvalho KC, da Cunha IW, Cubilla A, Guimarães GC, Vassallo J, Soares FA. A clinical, pathologic, and molecular study of p53 and murine double minute 2 in penile carcinogenesis and its relation to prognosis. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:481-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Solomon H, Madar S, Rotter V. Mutant p53 gain of function is interwoven into the hallmarks of cancer. J Pathol 2011; 225:475-8. [PMID: 22025211 DOI: 10.1002/path.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is viewed as being governed by several aberrant biological events defined by Weinberg and Hanahan as 'hallmarks'. In most human cancers the tumour suppressor p53 is mutated, leading to its malfunction and to the acquirement of oncogenic activities, termed 'gain of function'. This commentary links mutant p53 activities to the hallmarks of cancer, describing its involvement in resistance to apoptosis, genomic instability, aberrant cell cycle, invasion and metastasis, tumour microenvironment, and inflammation. Recent work published in The Journal of Pathology by Acin and colleagues, summarized here, reveals an interesting mechanism by which mutant p53 accelerates mitosis entry. Collectively, the growing body of evidence relating mutant p53 and the hallmarks of cancer reinforces the notion that targeting mutant p53 pathways might be beneficial for anti-cancer therapy.
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20
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Bornstein C, Brosh R, Molchadsky A, Madar S, Kogan-Sakin I, Goldstein I, Chakravarti D, Flores ER, Goldfinger N, Sarig R, Rotter V. SPATA18, a spermatogenesis-associated gene, is a novel transcriptional target of p53 and p63. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:1679-89. [PMID: 21300779 PMCID: PMC3126342 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01072-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 functions not only to suppress tumorigenesis but also to maintain normal development and homeostasis. Although p53 was implicated in different aspects of fertility, including spermatogenesis and implantation, the mechanism underlying p53 involvement in spermatogenesis is poorly resolved. In this study we describe the identification of a spermatogenesis-associated gene, SPATA18, as a novel p53 transcriptional target and show that SPATA18 transcription is induced by p53 in a variety of cell types of both human and mouse origin. p53 binds a consensus DNA motif that resides within the first intron of SPATA18. We describe the spatiotemporal expression patterns of SPATA18 in mouse seminiferous tubules and suggest that SPATA18 transcription is regulated in vivo by p53. We also demonstrate the induction of SPATA18 by p63 and suggest that p63 can compensate for the loss of p53 activity in vivo. Our data not only enrich the known collection of p53 targets but may also provide insights on spermatogenesis defects that are associated with p53 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamutal Bornstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ran Brosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alina Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shalom Madar
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ira Kogan-Sakin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ido Goldstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Deepavali Chakravarti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Naomi Goldfinger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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21
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Abstract
Cdc25B phosphatases function as key players in G2/M cell cycle progression by activating the CDK1-cyclinB1 complexes. They also have an essential role in recovery from the G2/M checkpoint activated in response to DNA damage. Overexpression of Cdc25B results in bypass of the G2/M checkpoint and illegitimate entry into mitosis, and also causes replicative stress, leading to genomic instability. Thus, fine-tuning of Cdc25B expression level is critical for correct cell cycle progression and G2 checkpoint recovery. However, the transcriptional regulation of Cdc25B remains largely unknown. Earlier studies have shown that the tumor suppressor p53 overexpression transcriptionally represses Cdc25B; however, the molecular mechanism of this repression has not yet been elucidated, although it was suggested to occur through the induction of p21. Here we show that Cdc25B is downregulated by the basal level of p53 in multiple cell types. This downregulation also occurs in p21-/- cell lines, indicating that p21 is not required for p53-mediated regulation of Cdc25B. Deletion and mutation analyses of the Cdc25B promoter revealed that downregulation by p53 is dependent on the presence of functional Sp1/Sp3 and NF-Y binding sites. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses show that p53 binds to the Cdc25B promoter and mediates transcriptional attenuation through the Sp1 and NF-Y transcription factors. Our results suggest that the inability to downregulate Cdc25B after loss of p53 might contribute to tumorigenesis.
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22
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Adenovirus E1B 55-kilodalton protein is a p53-SUMO1 E3 ligase that represses p53 and stimulates its nuclear export through interactions with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. J Virol 2010; 84:12210-25. [PMID: 20861261 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01442-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation by adenovirus E1A and E1B-55K requires E1B-55K inhibition of p53 activity to prevent E1A-induced apoptosis. During viral infection, E1B-55K and E4orf6 substitute for the substrate-binding subunits of the host cell cullin 5 class of ubiquitin ligases, resulting in p53 polyubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation. Here we show that E1B-55K alone also functions as an E3 SUMO1-p53 ligase. Fluorescence microscopy studies showed that E1B-55K alone, in the absence of other viral proteins, causes p53 to colocalize with E1B-55K in promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, nuclear domains with a high concentration of sumoylated proteins. Photobleaching experiments with live cells revealed that E1B-55K tethering of p53 in PML nuclear bodies decreases the in vivo nuclear mobility of p53 nearly 2 orders of magnitude. E1B-55K-induced p53 sumoylation contributes to maximal inhibition of p53 function since mutation of the major p53 sumoylation site decreases E1B-55K-induced p53 sumoylation, tethering in PML nuclear bodies, and E1B-55K inhibition of p53 activity. Mutation of the E1B-55K sumoylation site greatly inhibits E1B-55K association with PML nuclear bodies and the p53 nuclear export to cytoplasmic aggresomes observed in E1A-E1B-transformed cells. Purified E1B-55K and p53 form high-molecular-weight complexes potentially through the formation of a network of E1B-55K dimers bound to the N termini of p53 tetramers. In support of this model, a p53 mutation that prevents tetramer formation greatly reduces E1B-55K-induced tethering in PML nuclear bodies and p53 nuclear export. These data indicate that E1B-55K's association with PML nuclear bodies inactivates p53 by first sequestering it in PML nuclear bodies and then greatly facilitating its nuclear export.
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23
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Abstract
Ample data indicate that mutant p53 proteins not only lose their tumour suppressive functions, but also gain new abilities that promote tumorigenesis. Moreover, recent studies have modified our view of mutant p53 proteins, portraying them not as inert mutants, but rather as regulated proteins that influence the cancer cell transcriptome and phenotype. This influence is clinically manifested as association of TP53 mutations with poor prognosis and drug resistance in a growing array of malignancies. Here, we review recent studies on mutant p53 regulation, gain-of-function mechanisms, transcriptional effects and prognostic association, with a focus on the clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Brosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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