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Bazan HA, Bhattacharjee S, Reid MM, Jun B, Polk C, Strain M, St Pierre LA, Desai N, Daly PW, Cucinello-Ragland JA, Edwards S, Recio J, Alvarez-Builla J, Cai JJ, Bazan NG. Transcriptomic signature, bioactivity and safety of a non-hepatotoxic analgesic generating AM404 in the midbrain PAG region. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11103. [PMID: 38750093 PMCID: PMC11096368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Safe and effective pain management is a critical healthcare and societal need. The potential for acute liver injury from paracetamol (ApAP) overdose; nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal damage from chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use; and opioids' addiction are unresolved challenges. We developed SRP-001, a non-opioid and non-hepatotoxic small molecule that, unlike ApAP, does not produce the hepatotoxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine (NAPQI) and preserves hepatic tight junction integrity at high doses. CD-1 mice exposed to SRP-001 showed no mortality, unlike a 70% mortality observed with increasing equimolar doses of ApAP within 72 h. SRP-001 and ApAP have comparable antinociceptive effects, including the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory von Frey model. Both induce analgesia via N-arachidonoylphenolamine (AM404) formation in the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) nociception region, with SRP-001 generating higher amounts of AM404 than ApAP. Single-cell transcriptomics of PAG uncovered that SRP-001 and ApAP also share modulation of pain-related gene expression and cell signaling pathways/networks, including endocannabinoid signaling, genes pertaining to mechanical nociception, and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Both regulate the expression of key genes encoding FAAH, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1), CNR2, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4), and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel. Phase 1 trial (NCT05484414) (02/08/2022) demonstrates SRP-001's safety, tolerability, and favorable pharmacokinetics, including a half-life from 4.9 to 9.8 h. Given its non-hepatotoxicity and clinically validated analgesic mechanisms, SRP-001 offers a promising alternative to ApAP, NSAIDs, and opioids for safer pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan A Bazan
- Section of Vascular/Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | - Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Madigan M Reid
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Connor Polk
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Madeleine Strain
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Linsey A St Pierre
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Neehar Desai
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Patrick W Daly
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jessica A Cucinello-Ragland
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Scott Edwards
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Javier Recio
- Department of Organic Chemistry and IQAR, University of Alcala, 28805, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez-Builla
- Department of Organic Chemistry and IQAR, University of Alcala, 28805, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - James J Cai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Patyk-Kaźmierczak E, Izquierdo-Ruiz F, Lobato A, Kaźmierczak M, Moszczyńska I, Olejniczak A, Recio JM. The curious case of proton migration under pressure in the malonic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine cocrystal. IUCRJ 2024; 11:168-181. [PMID: 38275161 PMCID: PMC10916288 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In the search for new active pharmaceutical ingredients, the precise control of the chemistry of cocrystals becomes essential. One crucial step within this chemistry is proton migration between cocrystal coformers to form a salt, usually anticipated by the empirical ΔpKa rule. Due to the effective role it plays in modifying intermolecular distances and interactions, pressure adds a new dimension to the ΔpKa rule. Still, this variable has been scarcely applied to induce proton-transfer reactions within these systems. In our study, high-pressure X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy experiments, supported by DFT calculations, reveal modifications to the protonation states of the 4,4'-bipyridine (BIPY) and malonic acid (MA) cocrystal (BIPYMA) that allow the conversion of the cocrystal phase into ionic salt polymorphs. On compression, neutral BIPYMA and monoprotonated (BIPYH+MA-) species coexist up to 3.1 GPa, where a phase transition to a structure of P21/c symmetry occurs, induced by a double proton-transfer reaction forming BIPYH22+MA2-. The low-pressure C2/c phase is recovered at 2.4 GPa on decompression, leading to a 0.7 GPa hysteresis pressure range. This is one of a few studies on proton transfer in multicomponent crystals that shows how susceptible the interconversion between differently charged species is to even slight pressure changes, and how the proton transfer can be a triggering factor leading to changes in the crystal symmetry. These new data, coupled with information from previous reports on proton-transfer reactions between coformers, extend the applicability of the ΔpKa rule incorporating the pressure required to induce salt formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Patyk-Kaźmierczak
- Facuty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Fernando Izquierdo-Ruiz
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Departamento de Química Física, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. de Séneca, 2 Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alvaro Lobato
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Departamento de Química Física, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. de Séneca, 2 Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Michał Kaźmierczak
- Facuty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Ida Moszczyńska
- Facuty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Anna Olejniczak
- Facuty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - J. Manuel Recio
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería n° 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain
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Valgimigli L. Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Protection. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1291. [PMID: 37759691 PMCID: PMC10526874 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LP) is the most important type of oxidative-radical damage in biological systems, owing to its interplay with ferroptosis and to its role in secondary damage to other biomolecules, such as proteins. The chemistry of LP and its biological consequences are reviewed with focus on the kinetics of the various processes, which helps understand the mechanisms and efficacy of antioxidant strategies. The main types of antioxidants are discussed in terms of structure-activity rationalization, with focus on mechanism and kinetics, as well as on their potential role in modulating ferroptosis. Phenols, pyri(mi)dinols, antioxidants based on heavy chalcogens (Se and Te), diarylamines, ascorbate and others are addressed, along with the latest unconventional antioxidant strategies based on the double-sided role of the superoxide/hydroperoxyl radical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Aleem AM, Kang W, Lin S, Milad M, Kingsley PJ, Crews BC, Uddin MJ, Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ. Ferroptosis Inhibitors Suppress Prostaglandin Synthesis in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:404-418. [PMID: 36638351 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Necrostatin-1 blocks ferroptosis via an unknown mechanism and necroptosis through inhibition of receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIP1). We report that necrostatin-1 suppresses cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin biosynthesis in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 macrophages (IC50 ∼ 100 μM). This activity is shared by necrostatin-1i (IC50 ∼ 50 μM), which lacks RIP1 inhibitory activity, but not the RIP1 inhibitors necrostatin-1s or deschloronecrostatin-1s. Furthermore, we show that the potent ferroptosis inhibitors and related compounds ferrostatin-1, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, and 10-methylphenothiazine strongly inhibit cellular prostaglandin biosynthesis with IC50's in the range of 30 nM to 3.5 μM. None of the compounds inhibit lipopolysaccharide-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 protein induction. In the presence of activating hydroperoxides, the necrostatins and ferroptosis inhibitors range from low potency inhibition to stimulation of in vitro cyclooxygenase-2 activity; however, inhibitory potency is increased under conditions of low peroxide tone. The ferroptosis inhibitors are highly effective reducing substrates for cyclooxygenase-2's peroxidase activity, suggesting that they act by suppressing hydroperoxide-mediated activation of the cyclooxygenase active site. In contrast, for the necrostatins, cellular prostaglandin synthesis inhibition does not correlate with peroxidase-reducing activity but rather with the presence of a thiohydantoin substituent, which conveys the ability to reduce the endoperoxide intermediate prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin F2α in vitro. This finding suggests that necrostatin-1 blocks cellular prostaglandin synthesis and ferroptosis via a redox mechanism distinct from action as a one-electron donor. The results indicate that a wide range of compounds derived from redox-active chemical scaffolds can block cellular prostaglandin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansari M Aleem
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Weixi Kang
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shuyang Lin
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Matthew Milad
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Philip J Kingsley
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Brenda C Crews
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Md Jashim Uddin
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carol A Rouzer
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Bandaru CM, Poojith N, Jadav SS, Basaveswara Rao MV, Babu KS, Sreenivasulu R, Alluri R. Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Thiazole–Pyrimidine Linked Amide Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1939067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Mohan Bandaru
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nuthalapati Poojith
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Centre for Molecular Cancer Research (CMCR), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (VIPER), Narsapur, Telangana, India
| | | | - K. Surendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Shree Velagapudi Ramakrishna Memorial College, Nagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Reddymasu Sreenivasulu
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering (Autonomous), Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Alluri
- Centre for Molecular Cancer Research (CMCR), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (VIPER), Narsapur, Telangana, India
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Khrapova KO, Telezhkin AA, Volkov PA, Larina LI, Pavlov DV, Gusarova NK, Trofimov BA. Oxidative cross-coupling of secondary phosphine chalcogenides with amino alcohols and aminophenols: aspects of the reaction chemoselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5098-5107. [PMID: 33861297 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00287b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Secondary phosphine chalcogenides react with primary amino alcohols under mild conditions (room temperature, molar ratio of the initial reagents 1 : 1) in a CCl4/Et3N oxidizing system to chemoselectively deliver amides of chalcogenophosphinic acids with free OH groups. Under similar conditions, mono-cross-coupling between secondary phosphine chalcogenides and 1,2- or 1,3-aminophenols proceeds only with the participation of phenolic hydroxyl to give aminophenylchalcogenophosphinic O-esters. The yields of the synthesized functional amides or esters are 60-85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya O Khrapova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton A Telezhkin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel A Volkov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Lyudmila I Larina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry V Pavlov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Nina K Gusarova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Boris A Trofimov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
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Rashid HU, Martines MAU, Duarte AP, Jorge J, Rasool S, Muhammad R, Ahmad N, Umar MN. Research developments in the syntheses, anti-inflammatory activities and structure-activity relationships of pyrimidines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6060-6098. [PMID: 35423143 PMCID: PMC8694831 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10657g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrimidines are aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-membered ring. Numerous natural and synthetic pyrimidines are known to exist. They display a range of pharmacological effects including antioxidants, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antituberculosis, and anti-inflammatory. This review sums up recent developments in the synthesis, anti-inflammatory effects, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of pyrimidine derivatives. Numerous methods for the synthesis of pyrimidines are described. Anti-inflammatory effects of pyrimidines are attributed to their inhibitory response versus the expression and activities of certain vital inflammatory mediators namely prostaglandin E2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor κB, leukotrienes, and some interleukins. Literature studies reveal that a large number of pyrimidines exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects. SARs of numerous pyrimidines have been discussed in detail. Several possible research guidelines and suggestions for the development of new pyrimidines as anti-inflammatory agents are also given. Detailed SAR analysis and prospects together provide clues for the synthesis of novel pyrimidine analogs possessing enhanced anti-inflammatory activities with minimum toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ur Rashid
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande MS Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | | | | | - Juliana Jorge
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Shagufta Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Riaz Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Umar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir (L) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
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Goltsov A, Swat M, Peskov K, Kosinsky Y. Cycle Network Model of Prostaglandin H Synthase-1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E265. [PMID: 32977592 PMCID: PMC7598269 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetic model of Prostaglandin H Synthase-1 (PGHS-1) was developed to investigate its complex network kinetics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) efficacy in different in vitro and in vivo conditions. To correctly describe the complex mechanism of PGHS-1 catalysis, we developed a microscopic approach to modelling of intricate network dynamics of 35 intraenzyme reactions among 24 intermediate states of the enzyme. The developed model quantitatively describes interconnection between cyclooxygenase and peroxidase enzyme activities; substrate (arachidonic acid, AA) and reducing cosubstrate competitive consumption; enzyme self-inactivation; autocatalytic role of AA; enzyme activation threshold; and synthesis of intermediate prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) and final prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) products under wide experimental conditions. In the paper, we provide a detailed description of the enzyme catalytic cycle, model calibration based on a series of in vitro kinetic data, and model validation using experimental data on the regulatory properties of PGHS-1. The validated model of PGHS-1 with a unified set of kinetic parameters is applicable for in silico screening and prediction of the inhibition effects of NSAIDs and their combination on the balance of pro-thrombotic (thromboxane) and anti-thrombotic (prostacyclin) prostaglandin biosynthesis in platelets and endothelial cells expressing PGHS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Goltsov
- Biocybernetics Systems and Technologies Division, Russian Technological University (MIREA), 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maciej Swat
- Simcyp PBPK Modeling and Simulation, Certara, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK;
| | - Kirill Peskov
- Modeling & Simulation Decisions LLD, 125167 Moscow, Russia; (K.P.); (Y.K.)
- Computational Oncology Group, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Kosinsky
- Modeling & Simulation Decisions LLD, 125167 Moscow, Russia; (K.P.); (Y.K.)
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives via Buchwald-Hartwig amination. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Multifunctional radical quenchers as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1605-1624. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a wide range of human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, and is believed to cause or contribute to the etiology of these diseases. These disorders are frequently associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species. One of the design strategies for therapeutic intervention involves the development of novel small molecules containing redox cores, which can scavenge reactive oxygen radicals and selectively block oxidative damage to the mitochondria. Presently, we describe recent research dealing with multifunctional radical quenchers as antioxidants able to scavenge reactive oxygen radicals. The review encompasses ubiquinone and tocopherol analogs, as well as novel pyri(mi)dinol derivatives, and their ability to function as protective agents in cellular models of mitochondrial diseases.
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Geldi O, Kubat E, Ünal CS, Canbaz S. Acetaminophen Mitigates Myocardial Injury Induced by Lower Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rat Model. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 33:258-264. [PMID: 30043918 PMCID: PMC6089134 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2017-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The injury-reducing effect of acetaminophen, an effective analgesic and antipyretic on ischemia-reperfusion continues to attract great attention. This study analyzed the protective effect of acetaminophen on myocardial injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in an experimental animal model from lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomized into three groups (n=8) as (i) control group (only laparotomy), (ii) aortic ischemia-reperfusion group (60 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion) and (iii) ischemia-reperfusion + acetaminophen group (15 mg/kg/h intravenous acetaminophen infusion starting 15 minutes before the end of the ischemic period and lasting till the end of the reperfusion period). Sternotomy was performed in all groups at the end of the reperfusion period and the heart was removed for histopathological examination. The removed hearts were histopathologically investigated for myocytolysis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration, myofibrillar edema and focal hemorrhage. RESULTS The results of histopathological examination showed that acetaminophen was detected to particularly diminish focal hemorrhage and myofibrillar edema in the ischemia-reperfusion + acetaminophen group (P<0.001, P=0.011), while there were no effects on myocytolysis and PMNL infiltration between the groups (P=1.000, P=0.124). CONCLUSION Acetaminophen is considered to have cardioprotective effect in rats, by reducing myocardial injury induced by abdominal aortic ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Geldi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zonguldak Atatürk State Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Emre Kubat
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Karabük Training and Research Hospital, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Celal Selçuk Ünal
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Karabük Training and Research Hospital, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Suat Canbaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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Heterocyclization of polarized system: synthesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory 4-(pyridin-3-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl) pyrimidine-2-thiol derivatives. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:68. [PMID: 29881977 PMCID: PMC5992111 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chalcones are intent in the daily diet as a favorable chemotherapeutic compound; on the other hand thiophene moiety is present in a large number of bioactive molecules having diverse biological efficiency. Results Our current goal is the synthesis of (E)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl) prop-2-en-1-one 3 that’s used as a starting compound to synthesize the novel pyrimidine-2-thiol, pyrazole, pyran derivatives. Chalcones 3 was prepared by condensation of 3-acetylpyridine with thiophene 2-carboxaldehyde which reacted with thiourea to obtain pyrimidinthiol derivative 4. Compound 4 was allowed to react with hydrazine hydrate to afford 2-hydrazinylpyrimidine derivative 5. Compound 5 was used as a key intermediate for a facile synthesis of the targets 6 and 7. In contrast, pyranone 8 was obtained by transformation of compound 5. Using as a precursor for the synthesis of new pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives 9–10. The major incentive behind the preparation of these compounds was the immense biological activities associated to these heterocyclic derivatives. Conclusions The newly synthesized compounds (1–4) showed potent anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo. They also exhibited promising antioxidant vitalities against α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, compound 1 showed a hopefully anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.![]()
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13
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Ye F, Haddad M, Michelet V, Ratovelomanana-Vidal V. Solvent-free ruthenium trichloride-mediated [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes and cyanamides: a convenient access to 2-aminopyridines. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00058h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A convenient access to functionalized 2-aminopyridinesviaa solventless Ru-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of α,ω-diynes and cyanamides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- PSL
- Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
| | - Mansour Haddad
- PSL
- Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
| | - Véronique Michelet
- PSL
- Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
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14
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Laube M, Kniess T, Pietzsch J. Development of Antioxidant COX-2 Inhibitors as Radioprotective Agents for Radiation Therapy-A Hypothesis-Driven Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5020014. [PMID: 27104573 PMCID: PMC4931535 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) evolved to be a primary treatment modality for cancer patients. Unfortunately, the cure or relief of symptoms is still accompanied by radiation-induced side effects with severe acute and late pathophysiological consequences. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are potentially useful in this regard because radioprotection of normal tissue and/or radiosensitizing effects on tumor tissue have been described for several compounds of this structurally diverse class. This review aims to substantiate the hypothesis that antioxidant COX-2 inhibitors are promising radioprotectants because of intercepting radiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in normal tissue, especially the vascular system. For this, literature reporting on COX inhibitors exerting radioprotective and/or radiosensitizing action as well as on antioxidant COX inhibitors will be reviewed comprehensively with the aim to find cross-points of both and, by that, stimulate further research in the field of radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01062, Germany.
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15
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Primary antioxidant and metal-binding effects of tiopronin: A theoretical investigation of its action mechanism. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Tsang ASK, Kapat A, Schoenebeck F. Factors That Control C–C Cleavage versus C–H Bond Hydroxylation in Copper-Catalyzed Oxidations of Ketones with O2. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:518-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Althea S.-K. Tsang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ajoy Kapat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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17
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Haidasz EA, Van Kessel ATM, Pratt DA. A Continuous Visible Light Spectrophotometric Approach To Accurately Determine the Reactivity of Radical-Trapping Antioxidants. J Org Chem 2015; 81:737-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Haidasz
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Antonius T. M. Van Kessel
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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18
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Borges RS, Castle SL. The antioxidant properties of salicylate derivatives: A possible new mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4808-4811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Valgimigli L, Pratt DA. Maximizing the reactivity of phenolic and aminic radical-trapping antioxidants: just add nitrogen! Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:966-75. [PMID: 25839082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon autoxidation, the archetype free radical chain reaction, challenges the longevity of both living organisms and petroleum-derived products. The most important strategy in slowing this process is via the intervention of radical-trapping antioxidants (RTAs), which are abundant in nature and included as additives to almost every petroleum-derived product as well as several other commercial products. Accordingly, a longstanding objective of many academic and industrial scientists has been the design and development of novel RTAs that can outperform natural and industrial standards, such as α-tocopherol, the most biologically active form of vitamin E, and dialkylated diphenylamines, respectively. Some time ago we recognized that attempts to maximize the reactivity of phenolic RTAs had largely failed because substitution of the phenolic ring with electron-donating groups to weaken the O-H bond and accelerate the rate of H atom transfer to radicals leads to compounds that are unstable in air. We surmised that incorporating nitrogen into the phenolic ring would render them more stable to one-electron oxidation, enabling their substitution with strong electron-donating groups. Guided by computational chemistry, we demonstrated that replacing the phenyl ring in very electron-rich phenols with either 3-pyridyl or 5-pyrimidyl rings leads to phenolic-like RTAs with good air stability and great reactivity. In fact, rate constants determined for the reactions of some compounds with peroxyl radicals were almost 2 orders of magnitude greater than those for α-tocopherol and implied that the reactions proceeded without an enthalpic barrier. Following extensive thermochemical and kinetic characterization, we took our studies of these compounds to more physiologically relevant media, such as lipid bilayers and human low density lipoproteins, where the heterocyclic analogues of vitamin E shone, displaying unparalleled abilities to inhibit lipid peroxidation and prompting their current investigation in animal models of degenerative disease. Moreover, we carried out studies of these compounds in several industrially relevant contexts and in particular demonstrated that they could be used synergistically with less reactive, less expensive, phenolic RTAs. More recently, our attention has turned to the application of these ideas to maximizing the reactivity of diarylamine RTAs that are common in additives to petroleum-derived products, such as lubricating oils, transmission and hydraulic fluids, and rubber. In doing so, we have developed the most reactive diarylamines ever reported. The 3-pyridyl- and 5-pyrimidyl-containing diarylamines are easily accessed using Pd- and/or Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, and display an ideal compromise between reactivity and stability. The most reactive compounds are characterized by rate constants for reactions with peroxyl radicals that are independent of temperature, implying that-as for the most reactive heterocyclic phenols-these reactions proceed without an enthalpic barrier. Unprecedented reactivity was also observed when hydrocarbon autoxidations were carried out at elevated temperatures, real-world conditions where diarylamines are uniquely effective because of a catalytic RTA activity that makes use of the hydrocarbon substrate as a sacrificial reductant. Our studies to date suggest that heterocyclic diarylamines have real potential to increase the longevity of petroleum-derived products in a variety of applications where diphenylamines are currently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry “G.
Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry “G.
Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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20
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Milne GL, Dai Q, Roberts LJ. The isoprostanes--25 years later. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1851:433-45. [PMID: 25449649 PMCID: PMC5404383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are prostaglandin-like molecules generated independent of the cyclooxygenase (COX) by the free radical-induced peroxidation of arachidonic acid. The first isoprostane species discovered were isomeric to prostaglandin F2α and were thus termed F2-IsoPs. Since the initial discovery of the F2-IsoPs, IsoPs with differing ring structures have been identified as well as IsoPs from different polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexanenoic acid. The discovery of these molecules in vivo in humans has been a major contribution to the field of lipid oxidation and free radical research over the course of the past 25 years. These molecules have been determined to be both biomarkers and mediators of oxidative stress in numerous disease settings. This review focuses on recent developments in the field with an emphasis on clinical research. Special focus is given to the use of IsoPs as biomarkers in obesity, ischemia-reperfusion injury, the central nervous system, cancer, and genetic disorders. Additionally, attention is paid to diet and lifestyle factors that can affect endogenous levels of IsoPs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - L Jackson Roberts
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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21
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Wang C, Blough E, Arvapalli R, Dai X, Triest WE, Leidy JW, Masannat Y, Wu M. Acetaminophen attenuates glomerulosclerosis in obese Zucker rats via reactive oxygen species/p38MAPK signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 81:47-57. [PMID: 25614458 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a critical pathological lesion in metabolic syndrome-associated kidney disease that, if allowed to proceed unchecked, can lead to renal failure. However, the exact mechanisms underlying glomerulosclerosis remain unclear, and effective prevention strategies against glomerulosclerosis are currently limited. Herein, we demonstrate that chronic low-dose ingestion of acetaminophen (30 mg/kg/day for 6 months) attenuates proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury, and inflammation in the obese Zucker rat model of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, acetaminophen treatment attenuated renal fibrosis and the expression of profibrotic factors (fibronectin, connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor β), reduced inflammatory cell infiltration into the glomeruli, and decreased the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein, glutathione (GSH) reductase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, but increased the level of GSH synthetase in obese animals. Further in vivo and in vitro studies using human renal mesangial cells exposed to high glucose or hydrogen peroxide suggested that the renoprotective effects of acetaminophen are characterized by diminished renal oxidative stress and p38MAPK hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifen Wang
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Eric Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Ravikumar Arvapalli
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Xiaoniu Dai
- Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - John W Leidy
- Huntington VA Medical Center, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
| | - Yanal Masannat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Miaozong Wu
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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22
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Zakharov BA, Ogienko AG, Yunoshev AS, Ancharov AI, Boldyreva EV. Bis(paracetamol) pyridine – a new elusive paracetamol solvate: from modeling the phase diagram to successful single-crystal growth and structure–property relations. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the synthon approach, it is equally important to consider phase diagrams when searching for practical methods of crystallising multi-component crystals, either as single crystals or as powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A. Zakharov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G. Ogienko
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Yunoshev
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey I. Ancharov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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23
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Fresno N, Pérez-Fernández R, Goicoechea C, Alkorta I, Fernández-Carvajal A, de la Torre-Martínez R, Quirce S, Ferrer-Montiel A, Martín MI, Goya P, Elguero J. Adamantyl analogues of paracetamol as potent analgesic drugs via inhibition of TRPA1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113841. [PMID: 25438056 PMCID: PMC4249970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent. We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of adamantyl analogues of paracetamol with important analgesic properties. The mechanism of nociception of compound 6a/b, an analog of paracetamol, is not exerted through direct interaction with cannabinoid receptors, nor by inhibiting COX. It behaves as an interesting selective TRPA1 channel antagonist, which may be responsible for its analgesic properties, whereas it has no effect on the TRPM8 nor TRPV1 channels. The possibility of replacing a phenyl ring by an adamantyl ring opens new avenues in other fields of medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Fresno
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Susana Quirce
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Martín
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Goya
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Ingold KU, Pratt DA. Advances in radical-trapping antioxidant chemistry in the 21st century: a kinetics and mechanisms perspective. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9022-46. [PMID: 25180889 DOI: 10.1021/cr500226n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith U Ingold
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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25
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Lee H, Banskota S, Kim DG, Been JH, Jin YJ, Gautam J, Jang H, Nam TG, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Synthesis and antiangiogenic activity of 6-amido-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3131-6. [PMID: 24894557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that 6-aminoalkyl-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols, novel series of 6-aminopyridin-3-ol-based antioxidants, have high antiangiogenic activities. In pursuit of wider variety in the analogues, we here report the synthesis and antiangiogenic activities of 6-amidoalkyl-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols, which would not be considered excellent antioxidants because of the poorer electron-donating effect of the C(6)-amido group than the corresponding C(6)-amino group. The selected 6-amido compounds showed up to several fold-higher antiangiogenic activities and up to an order of magnitude better antitumor activities in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay than SU4312, a positive control. We also found that paracetamol, as a direct phenolic analogue of our simplest 6-amidopyridin-3-ol, showed a moderate level of antiangiogenic activity. We propose this study will offer a basis for a scaffold of novel angiogenesis inhibitors that can perturb angiogenesis-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Guk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hui Been
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jin
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaya Gautam
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Valgimigli L, Bartolomei D, Amorati R, Haidasz E, Hanthorn JJ, Nara SJ, Brinkhorst J, Pratt DA. 3-Pyridinols and 5-pyrimidinols: Tailor-made for use in synergistic radical-trapping co-antioxidant systems. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2781-92. [PMID: 24367442 PMCID: PMC3869267 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of nitrogen atoms into the aromatic ring of phenolic compounds has enabled the development of some of the most potent radical-trapping antioxidants ever reported. These compounds, 3-pyridinols and 5-pyrimidinols, have stronger O-H bonds than equivalently substituted phenols, but possess similar reactivities toward autoxidation chain-carrying peroxyl radicals. These attributes suggest that 3-pyridinols and 5-pyrimidinols will be particularly effectiveco-antioxidants when used in combination with more common, but less reactive, phenolic antioxidants such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), which we demonstrate herein. The antioxidants function in a synergistic manner to inhibit autoxidation; taking advantage of the higher reactivity of the 3-pyridinols/5-pyrimidinols to trap peroxyl radicals and using the less reactive phenols to regenerate them from their corresponding aryloxyl radicals. The present investigations were carried out in chlorobenzene and acetonitrile in order to provide some insight into the medium dependence of the synergism and the results, considered with some from our earlier work, prompt a revision of the H-bonding basicity value of acetonitrile to β2 (H) of 0.39. Overall, the thermodynamic and kinetic data presented here enable the design of co-antioxidant systems comprising lower loadings of the more expensive 3-pyridinol/5-pyrimidinol antioxidants and higher loadings of the less expensive phenolic antioxidants, but which are equally efficacious as the 3-pyridinol/5-pyrimidinol antioxidants alone at higher loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Bartolomei
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Evan Haidasz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Jason J Hanthorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Susheel J Nara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Johan Brinkhorst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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27
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Buczkowski A, Urbaniak P, Palecz B. Interaction between PAMAM-NH2 G4 dendrimer and paracetamol in aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Shchepin RV, Liu W, Yin H, Zagol-Ikapitte I, Amin T, Jeong BS, Roberts LJ, Oates JA, Porter NA, Boutaud O. Rational Design of Novel Pyridinol-Fused Ring Acetaminophen Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:710-714. [PMID: 24482730 DOI: 10.1021/ml4000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (ApAP) is an electron donor capable of reducing radicals generated by redox cycling of hemeproteins. It acts on the prostaglandin H synthases (cyclooxygenases; COXs) to reduce the protoporphyrin radical cation in the peroxidase site of the enzyme, thus preventing the intra-molecular electron transfer that generates the Tyr385 radical required for abstraction of a hydrogen from arachidonic acid to initiate prostaglandin synthesis. Unrelated to this pharmacological action, metabolism of ApAP by CYPs yields an iminoquinone electrophile that is responsible for the hepatotoxicity, which results from high doses of the drug. We synthesized novel heterocyclic phenols predicted to be electron donors. Two of these inhibited the oxygenation of arachidonic acid by PGHS-1 and myoglobin and also were shown to be more metabolically stable and exhibited less direct cytotoxicity than acetaminophen. They are leading candidates for studies to determine whether they are free of the metabolism-based hepatotoxicity produced by acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station
B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station
B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
| | - Irene Zagol-Ikapitte
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
| | - Taneem Amin
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station
B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - L. Jackson Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
| | - John A. Oates
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station
B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Division
of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee
37232-6602, United States
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29
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Li B, Harjani JR, Cormier NS, Madarati H, Atkinson J, Cosa G, Pratt DA. Besting Vitamin E: Sidechain Substitution is Key to the Reactivity of Naphthyridinol Antioxidants in Lipid Bilayers. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:1394-405. [DOI: 10.1021/ja309153x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jitendra R. Harjani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nicholas S. Cormier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Hasam Madarati
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and Centre
for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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30
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Medina ME, Iuga C, Alvarez-Idaboy JR. Antioxidant activity of propyl gallate in aqueous and lipid media: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:13137-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Yin H, Vergeade A, Shi Q, Zackert WE, Gruenberg KC, Bokiej M, Amin T, Ying W, Masterson TS, Zinkel SS, Oates JA, Boutaud O, Roberts LJ. Acetaminophen inhibits cytochrome c redox cycling induced lipid peroxidation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:224-8. [PMID: 22634010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome (cyt) c can uncouple from the respiratory chain following mitochondrial stress and catalyze lipid peroxidation. Accumulating evidence shows that this phenomenon impairs mitochondrial respiratory function and also initiates the apoptotic cascade. Therefore, under certain conditions a pharmacological approach that can inhibit cyt c catalyzed lipid peroxidation may be beneficial. We recently showed that acetaminophen (ApAP) at normal pharmacologic concentrations can prevent hemoprotein-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo by reducing ferryl heme to its ferric state. We report here, for the first time, that ApAP inhibits cytochrome c-catalyzed oxidation of unsaturated free fatty acids and also the mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin. Using isolated mitochondria, we also showed that ApAP inhibits cardiolipin oxidation induced by the pro-apoptotic protein, tBid. We found that the IC(50) of the inhibition of cardiolipin oxidation by ApAP is similar in both intact isolated mitochondria and cardiolipin liposomes, suggesting that ApAP penetrates well into the mitochondria. Together with our previous results, the findings presented herein suggest that ApAP is a pleiotropic inhibitor of peroxidase catalyzed lipid peroxidation. Our study also provides a potentially novel pharmacological approach for inhibiting the cascade of events that can result from redox cycling of cyt c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, TN 37232, USA.
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32
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Blough ER, Wu M. Acetaminophen: beyond pain and Fever-relieving. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:72. [PMID: 22087105 PMCID: PMC3213427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen, also known as APAP or paracetamol, is one of the most widely used analgesics (pain reliever) and antipyretics (fever reducer). According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, currently there are 235 approved prescription and over-the-counter drug products containing acetaminophen as an active ingredient. When used as directed, acetaminophen is very safe and effective; however when taken in excess or ingested with alcohol hepatotoxicity and irreversible liver damage can arise. In addition to well known use pain relief and fever reduction, recent laboratory and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that acetaminophen may also have beneficial effects on blood glucose levels, skeletal muscle function, and potential use as cardioprotective and neuroprotective agents. Extensive laboratory and pre-clinical studies have revealed that these off-label applications may be derived from the ability of acetaminophen to function as an antioxidant. Herein, we will highlight these novel applications of acetaminophen, and attempt, where possible, to highlight how these findings may lead to new directions of inquiry and clinical relevance of other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University Huntington, WV, USA
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Stolley RM, Maczka MT, Louie J. Nickel-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Diynes and Cyanamides. European J Org Chem 2011; 2011:3815-3824. [PMID: 25346615 PMCID: PMC4208422 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A variety of bicyclic N,N-disubstituted 2-aminopyridines have been prepared from diynes and cyanamides by nickel-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions. The reactions proceeded at room temperature with low catalyst loading to afford 2-aminopyridines in good to excellent yields. The method is amenable to both internal and terminal diynes and proceeds in a regioselective manner. A number of cyanamides with diverse functional group tolerance were used. The intermolecular version employing 3-hexyne and N-cyanopyrrolidine also afforded the desired N,N-disubstituted 2-aminopyridine in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Stolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA, Fax: +1-801-581-8433
| | - Michael T. Maczka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA, Fax: +1-801-581-8433
| | - Janis Louie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA, Fax: +1-801-581-8433
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34
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Renard BL, Boucherle B, Maurin B, Molina MC, Norez C, Becq F, Décout JL. An expeditious access to 5-pyrimidinol derivatives from cyclic methylglyoxal diadducts, formation of argpyrimidines under physiological conditions and discovery of new CFTR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1935-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brice-Loïc Renard
- University Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CNRS, UMR 5063, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, ICMG FR 2607, Bât. E 470 rue de la Chimie, BP 53 F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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35
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Randazzo J, Zhang P, Makita J, Blessing K, Kador PF. Orally active multi-functional antioxidants delay cataract formation in streptozotocin (type 1) diabetic and gamma-irradiated rats. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18980. [PMID: 21541328 PMCID: PMC3082543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related cataract is a worldwide health care problem whose progression has been linked to oxidative stress and the accumulation of redox-active metals. Since there is no specific animal model for human age-related cataract, multiple animal models must be used to evaluate potential therapies that may delay and/or prevent cataract formation. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Proof of concept studies were conducted to evaluate 4-(5-hydroxypyrimidin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-3,5-dioxopiperazine-1-sulfonamide (compound 4) and 4-(5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-3,5-dioxopiperazine-1-sulfonamide (compound 8), multi-functional antioxidants that can independently chelate redox metals and quench free radicals, on their ability to delay the progression of diabetic "sugar" cataracts and gamma radiation-induced cataracts. Prior to 15 Gy of whole head irradiation, select groups of Long Evans rats received either diet containing compound 4 or 8, or a single i.p. injection of panthethine, a radioprotective agent. Compared to untreated, irradiated rats, treatment with pantethine, 4 and 8 delayed initial lens changes by 4, 47, and 38 days, respectively, and the average formation of posterior subcapsular opacities by 23, 53 and 58 days, respectively. In the second study, select groups of diabetic Sprague Dawley rats were administered chow containing compounds 4, 8 or the aldose reductase inhibitor AL1576. As anticipated, treatment with AL1576 prevented cataract by inhibiting sorbitol formation in the lens. However, compared to untreated rats, compounds 4 and 8 delayed vacuole formation by 20 days and 12 days, respectively, and cortical cataract formation by 8 and 3 days, respectively, without reducing lenticular sorbitol. Using in vitro lens culture in 30 mM xylose to model diabetic "sugar" cataract formation, western blots confirmed that multi-functional antioxidants reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Multi-functional antioxidants delayed cataract formation in two diverse rat models. These studies provide a proof of concept that a general cataract treatment focused on reducing oxidative stress instead of a specific mechanism of cataractogenesis can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Randazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jun Makita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Karen Blessing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Peter F. Kador
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Xu L, Korade Z, Rosado JDA, Liu W, Lamberson CR, Porter NA. An oxysterol biomarker for 7-dehydrocholesterol oxidation in cell/mouse models for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1222-1233. [PMID: 21402677 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m014498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is elevated in tissues and fluids of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) patients due to defective 7-DHC reductase. Although over a dozen oxysterols have been identified from 7-DHC free radical oxidation in solution, oxysterol profiles in SLOS cells and tissues have never been studied. We report here the identification and complete characterization of a novel oxysterol, 3β,5α-dihydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (DHCEO), as a biomarker for 7-DHC oxidation in fibroblasts from SLOS patients and brain tissue from a SLOS mouse model. Deuterated (d₇)-standards of 7-DHC and DHCEO were synthesized from d₇-cholesterol. The presence of DHCEO in SLOS samples was supported by chemical derivatization in the presence of d₇-DHCEO standard followed by HPLC-MS or GC-MS analysis. Quantification of cholesterol, 7-DHC, and DHCEO was carried out by isotope dilution MS with the d₇-standards. The level of DHCEO was high and correlated well with the level of 7-DHC in all samples examined (R = 0.9851). Based on our in vitro studies in two different cell lines, the mechanism of formation of DHCEO that involves 5α,6α-epoxycholest-7-en-3β-ol, a primary free radical oxidation product of 7-DHC, and 7-cholesten-3β,5α,6β-triol is proposed. In a preliminary test, a pyrimidinol antioxidant was found to effectively suppress the formation of DHCEO in SLOS fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Psychiatry and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Jr Dale A Rosado
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Connor R Lamberson
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235.
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37
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Serwa R, Nam TG, Valgimigli L, Culbertson S, Rector CL, Jeong BS, Pratt DA, Porter NA. Preparation and investigation of vitamin B6-derived aminopyridinol antioxidants. Chemistry 2011; 16:14106-14. [PMID: 20967898 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
3-Pyridinols bearing amine substitution para to the hydroxylic moiety have previously been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation more effectively than typical phenolic antioxidants, for example, α-tocopherol. We report here high-yielding, large-scale syntheses of mono- and bicyclic aminopyridinols from pyridoxine hydrochloride (i.e., vitamin B(6)). This approach provides straightforward, scaleable access to novel, potent, molecular scaffolds whose antioxidant properties have been investigated in homogeneous solutions and in liposomal vesicles. These molecular aggregates mimic cell membranes that are the targets of oxidative damage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Serwa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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