1
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Oldemeyer S, La Greca M, Langner P, Lê Công KL, Schlesinger R, Heberle J. Nanosecond Transient IR Spectroscopy of Halorhodopsin in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38950551 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The ability to track minute changes of a single amino acid residue in a cellular environment is causing a paradigm shift in the attempt to fully understand the responses of biomolecules that are highly sensitive to their environment. Detecting early protein dynamics in living cells is crucial to understanding their mechanisms, such as those of photosynthetic proteins. Here, we elucidate the light response of the microbial chloride pump NmHR from the marine bacterium Nonlabens marinus, located in the membrane of living Escherichia coli cells, using nanosecond time-resolved UV/vis and IR absorption spectroscopy over the time range from nanoseconds to seconds. Transient structural changes of the retinal cofactor and the surrounding apoprotein are recorded using light-induced time-resolved UV/vis and IR difference spectroscopy. Of particular note, we have resolved the kinetics of the transient deprotonation of a single cysteine residue during the photocycle of NmHR out of the manifold of molecular vibrations of the cells. These findings are of high general relevance, given the successful development of optogenetic tools from photoreceptors to interfere with enzymatic and neuronal pathways in living organisms using light pulses as a noninvasive trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Oldemeyer
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariafrancesca La Greca
- Genetic Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pit Langner
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karoline-Luisa Lê Công
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramona Schlesinger
- Genetic Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Heberle
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Khoshravesh R, Hoffmann N, Hanson DT. Leaf microscopy applications in photosynthesis research: identifying the gaps. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1868-1893. [PMID: 34986250 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf imaging via microscopy has provided critical insights into research on photosynthesis at multiple junctures, from the early understanding of the role of stomata, through elucidating C4 photosynthesis via Kranz anatomy and chloroplast arrangement in single cells, to detailed explorations of diffusion pathways and light utilization gradients within leaves. In recent decades, the original two-dimensional (2D) explorations have begun to be visualized in three-dimensional (3D) space, revising our understanding of structure-function relationships between internal leaf anatomy and photosynthesis. In particular, advancing new technologies and analyses are providing fresh insight into the relationship between leaf cellular components and improving the ability to model net carbon fixation, water use efficiency, and metabolite turnover rate in leaves. While ground-breaking developments in imaging tools and techniques have expanded our knowledge of leaf 3D structure via high-resolution 3D and time-series images, there is a growing need for more in vivo imaging as well as metabolite imaging. However, these advances necessitate further improvement in microscopy sciences to overcome the unique challenges a green leaf poses. In this review, we discuss the available tools, techniques, challenges, and gaps for efficient in vivo leaf 3D imaging, as well as innovations to overcome these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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3
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Vannocci T, Quaroni L, de Riso A, Milordini G, Wolna M, Cinque G, Pastore A. Label-Free, Real-Time Measurement of Metabolism of Adherent and Suspended Single Cells by In-Cell Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910742. [PMID: 34639083 PMCID: PMC8509135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We used infrared (IR) microscopy to monitor in real-time the metabolic turnover of individual mammalian cells in morphologically different states. By relying on the intrinsic absorption of mid-IR light by molecular components, we could discriminate the metabolism of adherent cells as compared to suspended cells. We identified major biochemical differences between the two cellular states, whereby only adherent cells appeared to rely heavily on glycolytic turnover and lactic fermentation. We also report spectroscopic variations that appear as spectral oscillations in the IR domain, observed only when using synchrotron infrared radiation. We propose that this effect could be used as a reporter of the cellular conditions. Our results are instrumental in establishing IR microscopy as a label-free method for real-time metabolic studies of individual cells in different morphological states, and in more complex cellular ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Vannocci
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The Wohl Institute of King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (T.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Luca Quaroni
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-386 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio de Riso
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Campus, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, UK;
| | - Giulia Milordini
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The Wohl Institute of King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (T.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Magda Wolna
- MIRIAM beamline B22, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK; (M.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- MIRIAM beamline B22, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK; (M.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The Wohl Institute of King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (T.V.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (A.P.)
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4
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Goff KL, Ellis TH, Wilson KE. Synchrotron FTIR spectromicroscopy as a tool for studying populations and individual living cells of green algae. Analyst 2021; 145:7993-8001. [PMID: 33410428 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectromicroscopy was used to study individual living cells of three closely-related species of the green algal genus Chlamydomonas. Three types of spectral variation were observed between individual cells within a single culture, as well as between different cultures: variation around a mean, individual outliers, and the presence of subpopulations. By understanding and controlling this variation, we were able to spectroscopically differentiate between the three closely-related species. Spectral differences were confirmed using principal component analysis, leading to an understanding of the biochemical differences between species. This work highlights the additional information obtained by studying individual cells, and has implications for more traditional bulk measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L Goff
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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5
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Doherty J, Raoof A, Hussain A, Wolna M, Cinque G, Brown M, Gardner P, Denbigh J. Live single cell analysis using synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy: development of a simple dynamic flow system for prolonged sample viability. Analyst 2019; 144:997-1007. [PMID: 30403210 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01566j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-microFTIR) of live biological cells has the potential to provide far greater biochemical and morphological detail than equivalent studies using dehydrated, chemically-fixed single cells. Attempts to measure live cells using microFTIR are complicated by the aqueous environment required and corresponding strong infrared absorbance by water. There is also the additional problem of the limited lifetime of the cells outside of their preferred culture environment. In this work, we outline simple, cost-effective modifications to a commercially available liquid sample holder to perform single live cell analysis under an IR microscope and demonstrate cell viability up to at least 24 hours. A study using this system in which live cells have been measured at increasing temperature has shown spectral changes in protein bands attributed to α-β transition, consistent with other published work, and proves the ability to simultaneously induce and measure biochemical changes. An additional study of deuterated palmitic acid (D31-PA) uptake at different timepoints has made use of over 200 individual IR spectra collected over ∼4 hours, taking advantage of the ability to maintain viable cell samples for longer periods of time in the measurement environment, and therefore acquire greatly increased numbers of spectra without compromising on spectral quality. Further developments of this system are planned to widen the range of possible experiments, and incorporate more complex studies, including drug-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Doherty
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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6
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Mitri E, Barbieri L, Vaccari L, Luchinat E. 15N isotopic labelling for in-cell protein studies by NMR spectroscopy and single-cell IR synchrotron radiation FTIR microscopy: a correlative study. Analyst 2018; 143:1171-1181. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01464c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 15N-enrichment on human cells analyzed by correlative in-cell NMR and single-cell SR-FTIR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mitri
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A
- SISSI Beamline – Chemical and Life Sciences Branch
- 34149, Basovizza
- Italy
| | - L. Barbieri
- Magnetic Resonance Centre (CERM)
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP)
| | - L. Vaccari
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A
- SISSI Beamline – Chemical and Life Sciences Branch
- 34149, Basovizza
- Italy
| | - E. Luchinat
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”
- University of Florence
- 50134 Florence
- Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Centre (CERM)
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7
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Mezzetti A, Leibl W. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy in the study of photosynthetic systems. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:121-144. [PMID: 27678250 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved (TR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the nanosecond to second timescale has been extensively used, in the last 30 years, in the study of photosynthetic systems. Interesting results have also been obtained at lower time resolution (minutes or even hours). In this review, we first describe the used techniques-dispersive IR, laser diode IR, rapid-scan Fourier transform (FT)IR, step-scan FTIR-underlying the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Then, the main TR-IR results obtained so far in the investigation of photosynthetic reactions (in reaction centers, in light-harvesting systems, but also in entire membranes or even in living organisms) are presented. Finally, after the general conclusions, the perspectives in the field of TR-IR applied to photosynthesis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mezzetti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surfaces, 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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8
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Loutherback K, Birarda G, Chen L, Holman HYN. Microfluidic approaches to synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectral microscopy of living biosystems. Protein Pept Lett 2016; 23:273-82. [PMID: 26732243 PMCID: PMC4997923 DOI: 10.2174/0929866523666160106154035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing desire in biological and biomedical sciences is to be able to probe cellular chemistry as biological processes are happening inside living cells. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectral microscopy is a label-free and nondestructive analytical technique that can provide spatiotemporal distributions and relative abundances of biomolecules of a specimen by their characteristic vibrational modes. Despite great progress in recent years, SR-FTIR imaging of living biological systems remains challenging because of the demanding requirements on environmental control and strong infrared absorption of water. To meet this challenge, microfluidic devices have emerged as a method to control the water thickness while providing a hospitable environment to measure cellular processes and responses over many hours or days. This paper will provide an overview of microfluidic device development for SR-FTIR imaging of living biological systems, provide contrast between the various techniques including closed and open-channel designs, and discuss future directions of development within this area. Even as the fundamental science and technological demonstrations develop, other ongoing issues must be addressed; for example, choosing applications whose experimental requirements closely match device capabilities, and developing strategies to efficiently complete the cycle of development. These will require imagination, ingenuity and collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hoi-Ying N Holman
- Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Structural Biology Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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9
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Vijayan P, Willick IR, Lahlali R, Karunakaran C, Tanino KK. Synchrotron Radiation Sheds Fresh Light on Plant Research: The Use of Powerful Techniques to Probe Structure and Composition of Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1252-63. [PMID: 26117844 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
While synchrotron radiation is a powerful tool in material and biomedical sciences, it is still underutilized in plant research. This mini review attempts to introduce the potential of synchrotron-based spectroscopic and imaging methods and their applications to plant sciences. Synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray absorption and fluorescence techniques, and two- and three-dimensional imaging techniques are examined. We also discuss the limitations of synchrotron-based research in plant sciences, specifically the types of plant samples that can be used. Despite limitations, the unique features of synchrotron radiation such as high brightness, polarization and pulse properties offer great advantages over conventional spectroscopic and imaging tools and enable the correlation of the structure and chemical composition of plants with biochemical function. Modern detector technologies and experimental methodologies are thus enabling plant scientists to investigate aspects of plant sciences such as ultrafast kinetics of biochemical reactions, mineral uptake, transport and accumulation, and dynamics of cell wall structure and composition during environmental stress in unprecedented ways using synchrotron beamlines. The potential for the automation of some of these synchrotron technologies and their application to plant phenotyping is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permual Vijayan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Ian R Willick
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | | | - Karen K Tanino
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
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10
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Costa RL, Oliveira TV, Ferreira JDS, Cardoso VL, Batista FRX. Prospective technology on bioethanol production from photofermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 181:330-337. [PMID: 25678298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The most important global demand is the energy supply from alternative source. Ethanol may be considered an environmental friendly fuel that has been produced by feedstock. The production of ethanol by microalgae represent a process with reduced environmental impact with efficient CO2 fixation and requiring less arable land. This work studied the production of ethanol from green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through the cellular metabolism in a light/dark cycle at 25 °C in a TAP medium with sulfur depletion. The parameters evaluated were inoculum concentration and the medium supplementation with mixotrophic carbon sources. The combination of C.reinhardtii and Rhodobacter capsulatus through a hybrid or co-culture systems was also investigated as well. C.reinhardtii maintained in TAP-S produced 19.25±4.16 g/L (ethanol). In addition, in a hybrid system, with medium initially supplemented with milk whey permeated and the algal effluent used by R. capsulatus, the ethanol production achieved 19.94±2.67 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Lucio Costa
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia. Av. Joao Naves de Avila 2121, Santa Monica 38408-144, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thamayne Valadares Oliveira
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia. Av. Joao Naves de Avila 2121, Santa Monica 38408-144, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza Ferreira
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia. Av. Joao Naves de Avila 2121, Santa Monica 38408-144, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Vicelma Luiz Cardoso
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia. Av. Joao Naves de Avila 2121, Santa Monica 38408-144, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Regina Xavier Batista
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia. Av. Joao Naves de Avila 2121, Santa Monica 38408-144, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
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11
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Karunakaran C, Christensen CR, Gaillard C, Lahlali R, Blair LM, Perumal V, Miller SS, Hitchcock AP. Introduction of soft X-ray spectromicroscopy as an advanced technique for plant biopolymers research. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122959. [PMID: 25811457 PMCID: PMC4374829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy coupled with nano-scale microscopy has been widely used in material science, environmental science, and physical sciences. In this work, the advantages of soft X-ray absorption spectromicroscopy for plant biopolymer research were demonstrated by determining the chemical sensitivity of the technique to identify common plant biopolymers and to map the distributions of biopolymers in plant samples. The chemical sensitivity of soft X-ray spectroscopy to study biopolymers was determined by recording the spectra of common plant biopolymers using soft X-ray and Fourier Transform mid Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques. The soft X-ray spectra of lignin, cellulose, and polygalacturonic acid have distinct spectral features. However, there were no distinct differences between cellulose and hemicellulose spectra. Mid infrared spectra of all biopolymers were unique and there were differences between the spectra of water soluble and insoluble xylans. The advantage of nano-scale spatial resolution exploited using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy for plant biopolymer research was demonstrated by mapping plant cell wall biopolymers in a lentil stem section and compared with the FT-IR spectromicroscopy data from the same sample. The soft X-ray spectromicroscopy enables mapping of biopolymers at the sub-cellular (~30 nm) resolution whereas, the limited spatial resolution in the micron scale range in the FT-IR spectromicroscopy made it difficult to identify the localized distribution of biopolymers. The advantages and limitations of soft X-ray and FT-IR spectromicroscopy techniques for biopolymer research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chithra Karunakaran
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Colleen R. Christensen
- Industrial Research Assistance Program—National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cedric Gaillard
- INRA—Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Unit (BIA), Nantes, France
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lisa M. Blair
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 116 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Vijayan Perumal
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shea S. Miller
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam P. Hitchcock
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Vasdekis AE, Stephanopoulos G. Review of methods to probe single cell metabolism and bioenergetics. Metab Eng 2015; 27:115-135. [PMID: 25448400 PMCID: PMC4399830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Single cell investigations have enabled unexpected discoveries, such as the existence of biological noise and phenotypic switching in infection, metabolism and treatment. Herein, we review methods that enable such single cell investigations specific to metabolism and bioenergetics. Firstly, we discuss how to isolate and immobilize individuals from a cell suspension, including both permanent and reversible approaches. We also highlight specific advances in microbiology for its implications in metabolic engineering. Methods for probing single cell physiology and metabolism are subsequently reviewed. The primary focus therein is on dynamic and high-content profiling strategies based on label-free and fluorescence microspectroscopy and microscopy. Non-dynamic approaches, such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas E Vasdekis
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 56-469, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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13
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Quaroni L, Zlateva T. Real-time metabolic analysis of living cancer cells with correlated cellular spectro-microscopy. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6887-95. [PMID: 24914618 DOI: 10.1021/ac501561x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, major efforts have been devoted to the application of microscopy with mid-infrared light to the study of living cells and tissue. Despite this interest, infrared (IR) microscopy has not realized its full potential in the molecular characterization of living systems. This is partly due to the fact that current approaches for data mining and analysis of IR absorption spectra have not evolved comparably to measurement technology and are not up to the interpretation of the complex spectra of living systems such as cells and tissue. In this work we show that the use of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy coupled to IR absorption spectro-microscopy allows us to extract the spectral components of individual metabolites from time-resolved IR spectra of living cells. We call this method correlated cellular spectro-microscopy, and we implement it in the study of the glycolytic metabolism of cancer cells. We show that the method can detect intermediates of the glycolytic pathway, quantify their rate of formation, and correlate this with variations in pH, all in a single measurement. We propose the method as a useful tool for the quantitative description of metabolic processes in living cells and for the validation of drug candidates aimed at suppressing glycolysis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Quaroni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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14
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Quaroni L, Zlateva T, Sarafimov B, Kreuzer HW, Wehbe K, Hegg EL, Cinque G. Synchrotron based infrared imaging and spectroscopy via focal plane array on live fibroblasts in D2O enriched medium. Biophys Chem 2014; 189:40-8. [PMID: 24747675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We successfully tested the viability of using synchrotron-based full-field infrared imaging to study biochemical processes inside living cells. As a model system, we studied fibroblast cells exposed to a medium highly enriched with D2O. We could show that the experimental technique allows us to reproduce at the cellular level measurements that are normally performed on purified biological molecules. We can obtain information about lipid conformation and distribution, kinetics of hydrogen/deuterium exchange, and the formation of concentration gradients of H and O isotopes in water that are associated with cell metabolism. The implementation of the full field technique in a sequential imaging format gives a description of cellular biochemistry and biophysics that contains both spatial and temporal information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Quaroni
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, CH-5232, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Helen W Kreuzer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Katia Wehbe
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Chilton-Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Eric L Hegg
- Michigan State University, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Chilton-Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, UK
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15
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Vita N, Brubach JB, Hienerwadel R, Bremond N, Berthomieu D, Roy P, Berthomieu C. Electrochemically Induced Far-Infrared Difference Spectroscopy on Metalloproteins Using Advanced Synchrotron Technology. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2891-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303511g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vita
- Lab Interactions Protein Metal, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV, IBEB, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance,
F-13108, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR Biol Veget et Microbiol
Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Société Civile Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers,
St-Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Blaise Brubach
- Société Civile Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers,
St-Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Rainer Hienerwadel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR Biol Veget et Microbiol
Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Lab Genet Biophys Plantes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13009,
France
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV, IBEB, Marseille,
F-13009, France
| | - Nicolas Bremond
- Lab Interactions Protein Metal, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV, IBEB, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance,
F-13108, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR Biol Veget et Microbiol
Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Dorothée Berthomieu
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM1-UM2, 8, rue
de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pascale Roy
- Société Civile Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers,
St-Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Berthomieu
- Lab Interactions Protein Metal, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV, IBEB, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance,
F-13108, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR Biol Veget et Microbiol
Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
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16
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Carbone M, Zlateva T, Quaroni L. Monitoring and manipulation of the pH of single cells using infrared spectromicroscopy and a molecular switch. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2989-93. [PMID: 23291426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pH of a biological system is a crucial determinant of the structures and reactivity of its components and cellular homeostasis of H(+) is critical for cell viability. Control and monitoring of cellular acidity are highly desirable for the purpose of studying biochemical processes in vivo. METHODS The effect of photolysis of a caged strong acid, the ester 1-(2-nitrophenyl)-ethylhexadecyl sulfonate (HDNS) is used to cause a controlled drop in pH in single cells. An isolated cell is selected under the IR microscope, irradiated with near-UV light and monitored by FTIR. RESULTS We demonstrate the use of FTIR spectromicroscopy to monitor light-induced acidification of the cellular medium by measuring the increased concentration of CO2 and corresponding decrease of HCO3(-) in the cell and in the surrounding medium. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a method to control and accurately monitor the changes in pH of a cellular system by coupling a caged proton-releasing agent with FTIR spectromicroscopy detection. The overall implementation of photolysis and spectroscopic detection in a microscope optical configuration ensures single cell selectivity in both acidification and monitoring. We show the viability of monitoring of pH changes by FTIR spectromicroscopy with sensitivity comparable to that of glass electrodes, better than the existing methods for determining cell pH. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Reporting the effect of small variations of cellular acidity provides a major improvement in the understanding of the interplay between molecular properties as assessed in vitro and cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Carbone
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 Rome, 0133, Italy.
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17
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Kreuzer HW, Quaroni L, Podlesak DW, Zlateva T, Bollinger N, McAllister A, Lott MJ, Hegg EL. Detection of metabolic fluxes of O and H atoms into intracellular water in mammalian cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39685. [PMID: 22848359 PMCID: PMC3405100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic processes result in the release and exchange of H and O atoms from organic material as well as some inorganic salts and gases. These fluxes of H and O atoms into intracellular water result in an isotopic gradient that can be measured experimentally. Using isotope ratio mass spectroscopy, we revealed that slightly over 50% of the H and O atoms in the intracellular water of exponentially-growing cultured Rat-1 fibroblasts were isotopically distinct from growth medium water. We then employed infrared spectromicroscopy to detect in real time the flux of H atoms in these same cells. Importantly, both of these techniques indicate that the H and O fluxes are dependent on metabolic processes; cells that are in lag phase or are quiescent exhibit a much smaller flux. In addition, water extracted from the muscle tissue of rats contained a population of H and O atoms that were isotopically distinct from body water, consistent with the results obtained using the cultured Rat-1 fibroblasts. Together these data demonstrate that metabolic processes produce fluxes of H and O atoms into intracellular water, and that these fluxes can be detected and measured in both cultured mammalian cells and in mammalian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen W. Kreuzer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ELH); (HK); (LQ)
| | - Luca Quaroni
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (ELH); (HK); (LQ)
| | - David W. Podlesak
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Theodora Zlateva
- Saskatchewan Cancer Research Unit and Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Nikki Bollinger
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Aaron McAllister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America,
| | - Michael J. Lott
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Eric L. Hegg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America,
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ELH); (HK); (LQ)
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18
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Quaroni L, Zlateva T, Normand E. Detection of Weak Absorption Changes from Molecular Events in Time-Resolved FT-IR Spectromicroscopy Measurements of Single Functional Cells. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7371-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201318z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Quaroni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Theodora Zlateva
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Elise Normand
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X4, Canada
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19
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Quaroni L, Zlateva T. Infrared spectromicroscopy of biochemistry in functional single cells. Analyst 2011; 136:3219-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Holman HYN, Bechtel HA, Hao Z, Martin MC. Synchrotron IR spectromicroscopy: chemistry of living cells. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8757-65. [PMID: 20839782 DOI: 10.1021/ac100991d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Advanced analytical capabilities of synchrotron IR spectromicroscopy meet the demands of modern biological research for studying molecular reactions in individual living cells. (To listen to a podcast about this article, please go to the Analytical Chemistry multimedia page at pubs.acs.org/page/ancham/audio/index.html.).
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21
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Analytical techniques for single-cell metabolomics: state of the art and trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2493-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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