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Si A, Sucheck SJ. Synthesis of Aminooxy Glycoside Derivatives of the Outer Core Domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:750502. [PMID: 34820424 PMCID: PMC8606414 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.750502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly prevalent gram-negative bacterium that is becoming more difficult to treat because of increasing antibiotic resistance. As chemotherapeutic treatment options diminish, there is an increased need for vaccines. However, the creation of an effective P. aeruginosa vaccine has been elusive despite intensive efforts. Thus, new paradigms for vaccine antigens should be explored to develop effective vaccines. In these studies, we have focused on the synthesis of two L-rhamnose-bearing epitopes common to glycoforms I and II of the outer core domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide, α-L-Rha-(1→6)-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-GalN-(Ala)-α-aminooxy (3) and α-L-Rha-(1→3)-β-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-D-GalN-(Ala)-α-aminooxy (4), respectively. The target trisaccharides were both prepared starting from a suitably protected galactosamine glycoside, followed by successive deprotection and glycosylation with suitably protected D-glucose and L-rhamnose thioglycosides. Global deprotection resulted in the formation of targets 3 and 4 in 22 and 35% yield each. Care was required to modify basic reaction conditions to avoid early deprotection of the N-oxysuccinamido group. In summary, trisaccharides related to the L-rhamnose-bearing epitopes common to glycoforms I and II of the outer core domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide have been prepared as their aminooxy glycosides. The latter are expected to be useful in chemoselective oxime-based bioconjugation reactions to form Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J. Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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2
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Ravinder M, Liao KS, Cheng YY, Pawar S, Lin TL, Wang JT, Wu CY. A Synthetic Carbohydrate-Protein Conjugate Vaccine Candidate against Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype K2. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15964-15997. [PMID: 33108196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes pneumonia and liver abscesses in humans worldwide and contains virulence factor capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides linked to the cell wall. Although capsular polysaccharides are good antigens for vaccine production and capsular oligosaccharides conjugate vaccines are proven effective against infections caused by encapsulated pathogens, there is still no Klebsiella pneumoniae vaccine available. One obstacle is that the capsular polysaccharide of a dominated Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K2 is difficult to synthesize chemically due to the three 1,2-cis linkages in its structure. In this study, we successfully synthesized K2 capsular polysaccharides from tetra- to octasaccharides in highly a stereoselective manner. Subsequently, three synthesized glycans were conjugated to DT protein to provide glycoconjugate vaccine candidates (DT-Hexa, DT-Hepta, and DT-Octa) that were used in in vivo immunization experiments in mice. The results of immunized studies showed all three glycoconjugates elicited antibodies that recognized all of the synthetic glycans at 1:200-fold dilution. Particularly, the DT-Hepta conjugate elicited a higher level of antibodies that can recognize longer glycan (octasaccharide) even at 1:12800-fold dilution and exhibited good bactericidal activity. Our results concluded that heptasaccharide is the minimal epitope and a potential candidate for the vaccine against the K2 sero group of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mettu Ravinder
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sujeet Pawar
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Zhonzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Zhonzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Barattucci A, Campagna S, Papalia T, Galletta M, Santoro A, Puntoriero F, Bonaccorsi P. BODIPY on Board of Sugars: A Short Enlightened Journey up to the Cells. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barattucci
- Dip. Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di Messina viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres Messina 98166 Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dip. Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di Messina viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres Messina 98166 Italy
| | - Teresa Papalia
- Dip. Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di Messina viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres Messina 98166 Italy
| | - Maurilio Galletta
- Dip. Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di Messina viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres Messina 98166 Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Dip. Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di Messina viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres Messina 98166 Italy
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dip. Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di Messina viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres Messina 98166 Italy
| | - Paola Bonaccorsi
- Dip. Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di Messina viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres Messina 98166 Italy
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4
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Papalia T, Barattucci A, Campagna S, Puntoriero F, Salerno T, Bonaccorsi P. Synthesis and photophysical properties of a bichromophoric system hosting a disaccharide spacer. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:8211-8217. [PMID: 28929161 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01764b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of an efficient energy donor-acceptor system is reported, together with its photophysical properties. The bichromophoric species has been conceived to show potentialities for biological applications since a biocompatible disaccharide spacer, constituted of d-galactose and d-glucose derivatives, was used in compound 12 to connect two BODIPY units with different absorption/emission properties. The luminescence spectrum in acetonitrile of 12 shows an intense fluorescence band with a maximum at about 770 nm that is almost identical to that of the lowest-energy BODIPY, regardless of the excitation wavelength used. The quantum yield is 0.2 with an excited state lifetime of 2.5 ns. Excitation and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that a very efficient energy transfer takes place in 12 from the highest-energy lying BODIPY subunit to the lowest-energy emissive BODIPY moiety, with a time constant of about 31 ps. Noteworthily, the emission of 12 falls in the near infrared window, suitable for potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Papalia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università Mediterranea, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), is recognized as a global health emergency as promoted by the World Health Organization. Over 1 million deaths per year, along with the emergence of multi- and extensively-drug resistant strains of Mtb, have triggered intensive research into the pathogenicity and biochemistry of this microorganism, guiding the development of anti-TB chemotherapeutic agents. The essential mycobacterial cell wall, sharing some common features with all bacteria, represents an apparent ‘Achilles heel’ that has been targeted by TB chemotherapy since the advent of TB treatment. This complex structure composed of three distinct layers, peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and mycolic acids, is vital in supporting cell growth, virulence and providing a barrier to antibiotics. The fundamental nature of cell wall synthesis and assembly has rendered the mycobacterial cell wall as the most widely exploited target of anti-TB drugs. This review provides an overview of the biosynthesis of the prominent cell wall components, highlighting the inhibitory mechanisms of existing clinical drugs and illustrating the potential of other unexploited enzymes as future drug targets.
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Traboni S, Bedini E, Iadonisi A. Orthogonal protection of saccharide polyols through solvent-free one-pot sequences based on regioselective silylations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2748-2756. [PMID: 28144345 PMCID: PMC5238545 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
tert-Butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) and tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) are alcohol protecting groups widely employed in organic synthesis in view of their compatibility with a wide range of conditions. Their regioselective installation on polyols generally requires lengthy reactions and the use of high boiling solvents. In the first part of this paper we demonstrate that regioselective silylation of sugar polyols can be conducted in short times with the requisite silyl chloride and a very limited excess of pyridine (2-3 equivalents). Under these conditions, that can be regarded as solvent-free conditions in view of the insolubility of the polyol substrates, the reactions are faster than in most examples reported in the literature, and can even be further accelerated with a catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB). The strategy proved also useful for either the selective TBDMS protection of secondary alcohols or the fast per-O-trimethylsilylation of saccharide polyols. In the second part of the paper the scope of the silylation approach was significantly extended with the development of unprecedented "one-pot" and "solvent-free" sequences allowing the regioselective silylation/alkylation (or the reverse sequence) of saccharide polyols in short times. The developed methodologies represent a very useful and experimentally simple tool for the straightforward access to saccharide building-blocks useful in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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Lattová E, Svetlíková Z, Mikušová K, Perreault H, Poláková M. Novel synthetic (1 → 6)-α-d-mannodisaccharide substrates support processive mannosylation catalysed by the mycobacterial cell envelope enzyme fraction. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zou L, Zheng RB, Lowary TL. Studies on the substrate specificity of a GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Salmonella enterica. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1219-26. [PMID: 23019451 PMCID: PMC3458741 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of methoxy and deoxy derivatives of mannopyranose-1-phosphate (Manp-1P) were chemically synthesized, and their ability to be converted into the corresponding guanosine diphosphate mannopyranose (GDP-Manp) analogues by a pyrophosphorylase (GDP-ManPP) from Salmonella enterica was studied. Evaluation of methoxy analogues demonstrated that GDP-ManPP is intolerant of bulky substituents at the C-2, C-3, and C-4 positions, in turn suggesting that these positions are buried inside the enzyme active site. Additionally, both the 6-methoxy and 6-deoxy Manp-1P derivatives are good or moderate substrates for GDP-ManPP, thus indicating that the C-6 hydroxy group of the Manp-1P substrate is not required for binding to the enzyme. When taken into consideration with other previously published work, it appears that this enzyme has potential utility for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of GDP-Manp analogues, which are useful probes for studying enzymes that employ this sugar nucleotide as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Cao B, White JM, Williams SJ. Synthesis of glycoconjugate fragments of mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannosides and lipomannan. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:369-77. [PMID: 21512604 PMCID: PMC3079179 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causitive agent of tuberculosis (TB), possesses a complex cell wall containing mannose-rich glycophospholids termed phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs), lipomannan (LM), and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). These glycophospholipids play important roles in cell wall function and host–pathogen interactions. Synthetic PIM/LM/LAM substructures are useful biochemical tools to delineate and dissect the fine details of mannose glycophospholipid biosynthesis and their interactions with host cells. We report the efficient synthesis of a series of azidooctyl di- and trimannosides possessing the following glycan structures: α-Man-1,6-α-Man, α-Man-1,6-α-Man-1,6-α-Man, α-Man-1,2-α-Man-1,6-α-Man and 2,6-di-(α-Man)-α-Man. The synthesis includes the use of non-benzyl protecting groups compatible with the azido group and preparation of the branched trisaccharide structure 2,6-di-(α-Man)-α-Man through a double glycosylation of a 3,4-butanediacetal-protected mannoside. The azidooctyl groups of these synthetic mannans were elaborated to fluorescent glycoconjugates and squaric ester derivatives useful for further conjugation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cao
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, ; Tel: +61 3 8344 2422
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Lo Conte M, Marra A, Chambery A, Gurcha SS, Besra GS, Dondoni A. Modular approach to triazole-linked 1,6-α-D-oligomannosides to the discovery of inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall synthetase. J Org Chem 2011; 75:6326-36. [PMID: 20822121 DOI: 10.1021/jo100928g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at developing inhibitors of mannosyltransferases, the enzymes that participate in the biosynthesis of the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the synthesis of a range of designed triazole-linked 1,6-oligomannosides up to a hexadecamer has been accomplished by a modular approach centered on the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition as key process. The efficiency and fidelity of the cycloaddition are substantiated by high yields (76-96%) and exclusive formation of the expected 1,4-disubstituted triazole ring in all oligomer assembling reactions. Key features of oligomers thus prepared are the anomeric carbon-carbon bond of all mannoside residues and the 6-deoxymannoside capping residue. Suitable bioassays with dimer, tetramer, hexamer, octamer, decamer, and hexadecamer showed variable inhibitor activity against mycobacterial α-(1,6)-mannosyltransferases, the highest activity (IC(50) = 0.14-0.22 mM) being registered with the hexamannoside and octamannoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lo Conte
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
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