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Ye TJ, Fung KM, Lee IM, Ko TP, Lin CY, Wong CL, Tu IF, Huang TY, Yang FL, Chang YP, Wang JT, Lin TL, Huang KF, Wu SH. Klebsiella pneumoniae K2 capsular polysaccharide degradation by a bacteriophage depolymerase does not require trimer formation. mBio 2024; 15:e0351923. [PMID: 38349137 PMCID: PMC10936425 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03519-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
K2-capsular Klebsiella pneumoniae is a hypervirulent pathogen that causes fatal infections. Here, we describe a phage tailspike protein, named K2-2, that specifically depolymerizes the K2 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of K. pneumoniae into tetrasaccharide repeating units. Nearly half of the products contained O-acetylation, which was thought crucial to the immunogenicity of CPS. The product-bound structures of this trimeric enzyme revealed intersubunit carbohydrate-binding grooves, each accommodating three tetrasaccharide units of K2 CPS. The catalytic residues and the key interactions responsible for K2 CPS recognition were identified and verified by site-directed mutagenesis. Further biophysical and functional characterization, along with the structure of a tetrameric form of K2-2, demonstrated that the formation of intersubunit catalytic center does not require trimerization, which could be nearly completely disrupted by a single-residue mutation in the C-terminal domain. Our findings regarding the assembly and catalysis of K2-2 provide cues for the development of glycoconjugate vaccines against K. pneumoniae infection. IMPORTANCE Generating fragments of capsular polysaccharides from pathogenic bacteria with crucial antigenic determinants for vaccine development continues to pose challenges. The significance of the C-terminal region of phage tailspike protein (TSP) in relation to its folding and trimer formation remains largely unexplored. The polysaccharide depolymerase described here demonstrates the ability to depolymerize the K2 CPS of K. pneumoniae into tetrasaccharide fragments while retaining the vital O-acetylation modification crucial for immunogenicity. By carefully characterizing the enzyme, elucidating its three-dimensional structures, conducting site-directed mutagenesis, and assessing the antimicrobial efficacy of the mutant enzymes against K2 K. pneumoniae, we offer valuable insights into the mechanism by which this enzyme recognizes and depolymerizes the K2 CPS. Our findings, particularly the discovery that trimer formation is not required for depolymerizing activity, challenge the current understanding of trimer-dependent TSP activity and highlight the catalytic mechanism of the TSP with an intersubunit catalytic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Juan Ye
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kit-Man Fung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Wong
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yin Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fa Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu JW, Wang JT, Lin TL, Liu YZ, Wu LT, Pan YJ. Identification of three capsule depolymerases in a bacteriophage infecting Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular types K7, K20, and K27 and therapeutic application. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:31. [PMID: 37210493 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular types K1, K2, K5, K20, K54, and K57 are prevalent hypervirulent types associated with community infections, and worrisomely, hypervirulent strains that acquired drug resistance have been found. In the search for alternative therapeutics, studies have been conducted on phages that infect K. pneumoniae K1, K2, K5, and K57-type strains and their phage-encoded depolymerases. However, phages targeting K. pneumoniae K20-type strains and capsule depolymerases capable of digesting K20-type capsules have rarely been reported. In this study, we characterized a phage that can infect K. pneumoniae K20-type strains, phage vB_KpnM-20. METHODS A phage was isolated from sewage water in Taipei, Taiwan, its genome was analyzed, and its predicted capsule depolymerases were expressed and purified. The host specificity and capsule-digesting activity of the capsule depolymerases were determined. The therapeutic effect of the depolymerase targeting K. pneumoniae K20-type strains was analyzed in a mouse infection model. RESULTS The isolated Klebsiella phage, vB_KpnM-20, infects K. pneumoniae K7, K20, and K27-type strains. Three capsule depolymerases, K7dep, K20dep, and K27dep, encoded by the phage were specific to K7, K20, and K27-type capsules, respectively. K20dep also recognized Escherichia coli K30-type capsule, which is highly similar to K. pneumoniae K20-type. The survival of K. pneumoniae K20-type-infected mice was increased following administration of K20dep. CONCLUSIONS The potential of capsule depolymerase K20dep for the treatment of K. pneumoniae infections was revealed using an in vivo infection model. In addition, K7dep, K20dep, and K27dep capsule depolymerases could be used for K. pneumoniae capsular typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Zhu Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lii-Tzu Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lin TL, Lu CC, Chen TW, Huang CW, Lu JJ, Lai WF, Wu TS, Lai CH, Lai HC, Chen YL. Amelioration of Maternal Immune Activation-Induced Autism Relevant Behaviors by Gut Commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113070. [PMID: 36361859 PMCID: PMC9657948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by cognitive inflexibility and social deficits. Probiotics have been demonstrated to play a promising role in managing the severity of ASD. However, there are no effective probiotics for clinical use. Identifying new probiotic strains for ameliorating ASD is therefore essential. Using the maternal immune activation (MIA)-based offspring ASD-like mouse model, a probiotic-based intervention strategy was examined in female mice. The gut commensal microbe Parabacteroides goldsteinii MTS01, which was previously demonstrated to exert multiple beneficial effects on chronic inflammation-related-diseases, was evaluated. Prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure induced leaky gut-related inflammatory phenotypes in the colon, increased LPS activity in sera, and induced autistic-like behaviors in offspring mice. By contrast, P. goldsteinii MTS01 treatment significantly reduced intestinal and systemic inflammation and ameliorated disease development. Transcriptomic analyses of MIA offspring indicated that in the intestine, P. goldsteinii MTS01 enhanced neuropeptide-related signaling and suppressed aberrant cell proliferation and inflammatory responses. In the hippocampus, P. goldsteinii MTS01 increased ribosomal/mitochondrial and antioxidant activities and decreased glutamate receptor signaling. Together, significant ameliorative effects of P. goldsteinii MTS01 on ASD relevant behaviors in MIA offspring were identified. Therefore, P. goldsteinii MTS01 could be developed as a next-generation probiotic for ameliorating ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Cha-Chen Lu
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Medical Research Center, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361028, China
- Correspondence: (H.-C.L.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Ya-Lei Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 82446, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.L.); (Y.-L.C.)
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Liu JY, Lin TL, Chiu CY, Hsieh PF, Lin YT, Lai LY, Wang JT. Decolonization of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from the intestinal microbiota of model mice by phages targeting two surface structures. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:877074. [PMID: 36071974 PMCID: PMC9441799 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.877074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is a normal component of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota. However, in some cases, it can cause disease. Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), has been increasing. Materials and methods We attempted to specifically eliminate CRKP from a mouse model with the human intestinal microbiota. To establish humanized microbiota-colonized mice, we administered K64 CRKP-containing human microbiota to germ-free mice by fecal microbiota transplantation. Then, we used two phages, one targeting the capsule (φK64-1) and one targeting O1 lipopolysaccharide (φKO1-1) of K64 K. pneumoniae, to eliminate CRKP. Results In untreated control and φKO1-1-treated K64-colonized mice, no change in CRKP was observed, while in mice treated with φK64-1, a transient reduction was observed. In half of the mice treated with both φKO1-1 and φK64-1, CRKP was undetectable in feces by PCR and culture for 60 days. However, in the other 50% of the mice, K. pneumoniae was transiently reduced but recovered 35 days after treatment. Conclusion Combination treatment with φK64-1 and φKO1-1 achieved long-term decolonization in 52.3% of mice carrying CRKP. Importantly, the composition of the intestinal microbiota was not altered after phage treatment. Therefore, this strategy may be useful not only for eradicating drug-resistant bacterial species from the intestinal microbiota but also for the treatment of other dysbiosis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories Research Institute, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yin Lai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jin-Town Wang,
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5
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Huang HH, Lin TL, Lee WJ, Chen SC, Lai WF, Lu CC, Lai HC, Chen CY. Impact of Metabolic Surgery on Gut Microbiota and Sera Metabolomic Patterns among Patients with Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147797. [PMID: 35887145 PMCID: PMC9320451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic surgery is a promising treatment for obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the mechanism is not completely understood. Current understanding of the underlying ameliorative mechanisms relies on alterations in parameters related to the gastrointestinal hormones, biochemistry, energy absorption, the relative composition of the gut microbiota, and sera metabolites. A total of 13 patients with obesity and T2DM undergoing metabolic surgery treatments were recruited. Systematic changes of critical parameters and the effects and markers after metabolic surgery, in a longitudinal manner (before surgery and three, twelve, and twenty-four months after surgery) were measured. The metabolomics pattern, gut microbiota composition, together with the hormonal and biochemical characterizations, were analyzed. Body weight, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose level, C-peptide, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and des-acyl ghrelin were significantly reduced two years after metabolic surgery. These were closely associated with the changes of sera metabolomics and gut microbiota. Significant negative associations were found between the Eubacterium eligens group and lacosamide glucuronide, UDP-L-arabinose, lanceotoxin A, pipercyclobutanamide B, and hordatine B. Negative associations were identified between Ruminococcaceae UCG-003 and orotidine, and glucose. A positive correlation was found between Enterococcus and glutamic acid, and vindoline. Metabolic surgery showed positive effects on the amelioration of diabetes and metabolic syndromes, which were closely associated with the change of sera metabolomics, the gut microbiota, and other disease-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Hao Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jei Lee
- Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 33044, Taiwan;
- Taiwan Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Chun Chen
- Taiwan Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan;
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361028, China
- Correspondence: (H.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-28712121 (ext. 2050) (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-28712121 (ext. 2050) (C.-Y.C.)
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Lai CH, Lin TL, Huang MZ, Li SW, Wu HY, Chiu YF, Yang CY, Chiu CH, Lai HC. Gut Commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii MTS01 Alters Gut Microbiota Composition and Reduces Cholesterol to Mitigate Helicobacter pylori-Induced Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916848. [PMID: 35844600 PMCID: PMC9281563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is closely associated with various gastrointestinal diseases and poses a serious threat to human health owing to its increasing antimicrobial resistance. H. pylori possesses two major virulence factors, vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which are involved in its pathogenesis. Probiotics have recently been used to eradicate H. pylori infection and reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic-based therapies. Parabacteroides goldsteinii MTS01 is a novel next-generation probiotic (NGP) with activities that can alleviate specific diseases by altering the gut microbiota. However, the mechanism by which P. goldsteinii MTS01 exerts its probiotic effects against H. pylori infection remains unclear. Our results showed that administration of P. goldsteinii MTS01 to H. pylori-infected model mice altered the composition of the gut microbiota and significantly reduced serum cholesterol levels, which mitigated H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation. In addition, the pathogenic effects of H. pylori VacA and CagA on gastric epithelial cells were markedly abrogated by treatment with P. goldsteinii MTS01. These results indicate that P. goldsteinii MTS01 can modulate gut microbiota composition and has anti-virulence factor functions, and thus could be developed as a novel functional probiotic for reducing H. pylori-induced pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Ho Lai, ; Hsin-Chih Lai,
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Zi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wen Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Medical Research Center, Xiamen Chang Gung hospital, Xiamen, China
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Ho Lai, ; Hsin-Chih Lai,
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7
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Kuo YL, Chien CL, Ko HK, Lai HC, Lin TL, Lee LN, Chang CY, Shen HS, Lu CC. High-flow nasal cannula improves respiratory impedance evaluated by impulse oscillometry in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6981. [PMID: 35484186 PMCID: PMC9050888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-pharmacological treatment with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) may play a vital role in treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To evaluate the efficacy of HFNC, impulse oscillation system (IOS) is a new noninvasive technique in measuring the impedance of different portions of lungs. It shows higher sensitivity in contrast to conventional pulmonary function tests (PFT). However, whether IOS is an appropriate technique to evaluate the efficacy of HFNC in improving the impedance of small airways or peripheral lung in patients with COPD is still unclear. We enrolled 26 stable COPD participants randomised into two groups receiving HFNC or nasal cannula (NC) for 10 min followed by a 4-week washout period and crossover alternatively. IOS was used to detect the difference of respiratory impedance after HFNC or NC interventions. IOS parameters, PFT results, transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide, peripheral oxygen saturation, body temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate, and blood pressure at the time of pre-HFNC, post-HFNC, pre-NC, and post-NC, were collected and analysed using SPSS (version 25.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The IOS measurement indicated that HFNC significantly improved R5, R5% predicted, R5–R20, X5-predicted, and Fres compared with NC, whereas no significant difference was observed through the PFT measurement. The beneficial effect of HFNC in improving small airway resistance and peripheral lung reactance compared with that of NC in patients with stable COPD was confirmed through IOS measurement. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05130112 22/11/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Liang Kuo
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, ROC.,Master of Science Program in Transdisciplinary Long-Term Care, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Lin Chien
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Kuo Ko
- Division of Respiratory Therapy, Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, 33303, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, ROC.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Na Lee
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yueh Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Shi Shen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan, ROC. .,Master of Science Program in Transdisciplinary Long-Term Care, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC.
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8
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Lin TL, Yang FL, Ren CT, Pan YJ, Liao KS, Tu IF, Chang YP, Cheng YY, Wu CY, Wu SH, Wang JT. Development of Klebsiella pneumoniae Capsule Polysaccharide-Conjugated Vaccine Candidates Using Phage Depolymerases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843183. [PMID: 35386691 PMCID: PMC8978995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen associated with nosocomial infection and has developed increasing resistance to antibiotics such as extended-spectrum β-lactams and carbapenem. In recent years, K. pneumoniae isolates have emerged as a major cause of global community-acquired infections such as pneumonia and pyogenic liver abscess. Although serotypes K1 and K2 have been identified as the predominant capsular types associated with invasive infections, no K. pneumoniae vaccine is commercially available, probably due to immunogenicity loss in the traditional depolymerization method to obtain capsule polysaccharide (CPS) for the preparation of conjugated vaccine. In this study, we successfully retained immunogenicity by using K1 (K1-ORF34) and K2 (K2-ORF16) CPS depolymerases that were identified from phages to cleave K1 and K2 CPSs into intact structural units of oligosaccharides with intact modifications. The obtained K1 and K2 oligosaccharides were separately conjugated with CRM197 carrier protein to generate CPS-conjugated vaccines. Immunization experiments of mice showed both K1 and K2 CPS-conjugated vaccines induced anti-CPS antibodies with 128-fold and 64-fold increases of bactericidal activities, respectively, compare to mice without vaccinations. Challenge tests indicated that K1 or K2 CPS-conjugated vaccine and divalent vaccine (a mixture of K1 and K2 CPS-conjugated vaccines) protected mice from subsequent infection of K. pneumoniae by the respective capsular type. Thus, we demonstrated K1 and K2 CPS-conjugated vaccines prepared by CPS depolymerases is a promising candidate for developing vaccines against human K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Tu IF, Lin TL, Yang FL, Lee IM, Tu WL, Liao JH, Ko TP, Wu WJ, Jan JT, Ho MR, Chou CY, Wang AHJ, Wu CY, Wang JT, Huang KF, Wu SH. Structural and biological insights into Klebsiella pneumoniae surface polysaccharide degradation by a bacteriophage K1 lyase: implications for clinical use. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:9. [PMID: 35130876 PMCID: PMC8822698 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background K1 capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae is the primary cause of pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) in Asia. Patients with PLA often have serious complications, ultimately leading to a mortality of ~ 5%. This K1 CPS has been reported as a promising target for development of glycoconjugate vaccines against K. pneumoniae infection. The pyruvylation and O-acetylation modifications on the K1 CPS are essential to the immune response induced by the CPS. To date, however, obtaining the fragments of K1 CPS that contain the pyruvylation and O-acetylation for generating glycoconjugate vaccines still remains a challenge. Methods We analyzed the digested CPS products with NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to reveal a bacteriophage-derived polysaccharide depolymerase specific to K1 CPS. The biochemical and biophysical properties of the enzyme were characterized and its crystal structures containing bound CPS products were determined. We also performed site-directed mutagenesis, enzyme kinetic analysis, phage absorption and infectivity studies, and treatment of the K. pneumoniae-infected mice with the wild-type and mutant enzymes. Results We found a bacteriophage-derived polysaccharide lyase that depolymerizes the K1 CPS into fragments of 1–3 repeating trisaccharide units with the retention of the pyruvylation and O-acetylation, and thus the important antigenic determinants of intact K1 CPS. We also determined the 1.46-Å-resolution, product-bound crystal structure of the enzyme, revealing two distinct carbohydrate-binding sites in a trimeric β-helix architecture, which provide the first direct evidence for a second, non-catalytic, carbohydrate-binding site in bacteriophage-derived polysaccharide depolymerases. We demonstrate the tight interaction between the pyruvate moiety of K1 CPS and the enzyme in this second carbohydrate-binding site to be crucial to CPS depolymerization of the enzyme as well as phage absorption and infectivity. We also demonstrate that the enzyme is capable of protecting mice from K1 K. pneumoniae infection, even against a high challenge dose. Conclusions Our results provide insights into how the enzyme recognizes and depolymerizes the K1 CPS, and demonstrate the potential use of the protein not only as a therapeutic agent against K. pneumoniae, but also as a tool to prepare structurally-defined oligosaccharides for the generation of glycoconjugate vaccines against infections caused by this organism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00792-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jiahn-Haur Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jin Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fa Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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10
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Lai HC, Lin TL, Chen TW, Kuo YL, Chang CJ, Wu TR, Shu CC, Tsai YH, Swift S, Lu CC. Gut microbiota modulates COPD pathogenesis: role of anti-inflammatory Parabacteroides goldsteinii lipopolysaccharide. Gut 2022; 71:309-321. [PMID: 33687943 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global disease characterised by chronic obstruction of lung airflow interfering with normal breathing. Although the microbiota of respiratory tract is established to be associated with COPD, the causality of gut microbiota in COPD development is not yet established. We aimed to address the connection between gut microbiota composition and lung COPD development, and characterise bacteria and their derived active components for COPD amelioration. DESIGN A murine cigarette smoking (CS)-based model of COPD and strategies evaluating causal effects of microbiota were performed. Gut microbiota structure was analysed, followed by isolation of target bacterium. Single cell RNA sequencing, together with sera metabolomics analyses were performed to identify host responsive molecules. Bacteria derived active component was isolated, followed by functional assays. RESULTS Gut microbiota composition significantly affects CS-induced COPD development, and faecal microbiota transplantation restores COPD pathogenesis. A commensal bacterium Parabacteroides goldsteinii was isolated and shown to ameliorate COPD. Reduction of intestinal inflammation and enhancement of cellular mitochondrial and ribosomal activities in colon, systematic restoration of aberrant host amino acids metabolism in sera, and inhibition of lung inflammations act as the important COPD ameliorative mechanisms. Besides, the lipopolysaccharide derived from P. goldsteinii is anti-inflammatory, and significantly ameliorates COPD by acting as an antagonist of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota-lung COPD axis was connected. A potentially benefial bacterial strain and its functional component may be developed and used as alternative agents for COPD prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, XiaMen, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Kuo
- Biotools, Co, Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chang
- Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, XiaMen, China
| | - Tsung-Ru Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Shu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, XiaMen, China
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan .,Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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11
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Chen YY, Huang CT, Li SW, Pan YJ, Lin TL, Huang YY, Li TH, Yang YC, Gong YN, Hsieh YC. Bacterial factors required for Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection with influenza A virus. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:60. [PMID: 34452635 PMCID: PMC8395381 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of post-influenza secondary bacterial infection, which results in excessive morbidity and mortality. Although 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) vaccination programs have decreased the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia, PCV13 failed to prevent serotype 3 pneumococcal disease as effectively as other vaccine serotypes. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the co-pathogenesis of influenza virus and serotype 3 pneumococci. METHODS We carried out a genome-wide screening of a serotype 3 S. pneumoniae transposon insertion mutant library in a mouse model of coinfection with influenza A virus (IAV) to identify the bacterial factors required for this synergism. RESULTS Direct, high-throughput sequencing of transposon insertion sites identified 24 genes required for both coinfection and bacterial infection alone. Targeted deletion of the putative aminotransferase (PA) gene decreased bacterial growth, which was restored by supplementation with methionine. The bacterial burden in a coinfection with the PA gene deletion mutant and IAV in the lung was lower than that in a coinfection with wild-type pneumococcus and IAV, but was significantly higher than that in an infection with the PA gene deletion mutant alone. These data suggest that IAV infection alters host metabolism to benefit pneumococcal fitness and confer higher susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. We further demonstrated that bacterial growth was increased by supplementation with methionine or IAV-infected mouse lung homogenates. CONCLUSIONS The data indicates that modulation of host metabolism during IAV infection may serve as a potential therapeutic intervention against secondary bacterial infections caused by serotype 3 pneumococci during IAV outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tai Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wen Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Nong Gong
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
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12
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Chen YY, Hsieh YC, Gong YN, Liao WC, Li SW, Chang IYF, Lin TL, Huang CT, Chiu CH, Wu TL, Su LH, Li TH, Huang YY. Genomic Insight into the Spread of Meropenem-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Spain 23F-ST81, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:711-720. [PMID: 32186492 PMCID: PMC7101100 DOI: 10.3201/eid2604.190717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae types not included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has increased, including a penicillin- and meropenem-resistant serotype 15A-ST63 clone in Japan. During 2013-2017, we collected 206 invasive pneumococcal isolates in Taiwan for penicillin and meropenem susceptibility testing. We found serotypes 15B/C-ST83 and 15A-ST63 were the most prevalent penicillin- and meropenem-resistant clones. A transformation study confirmed that penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2b was the primary meropenem resistance determinant, and PBP1a was essential for high-level resistance. The rate of serotype 15B/C-ST83 increased during the study. All 15B/C-ST83 isolates showed an ermB macrolide resistance genotype. Prediction analysis of recombination sites revealed 12 recombination regions in 15B/C-ST83 compared with the S. pneumoniae Spain23F-ST81 genome. Pneumococcal clones rapidly recombine to acquire survival advantages and undergo local expansion under the selective pressure exerted by vaccines and antimicrobial drugs. The spread of 15B/C-ST83 is alarming for countries with high antimicrobial pressure.
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13
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Hsieh YC, Wang SH, Chen YY, Lin TL, Shie SS, Huang CT, Lee CH, Chen YC, Quyen TLT, Pan YJ. Association of capsular types with carbapenem resistance, disease severity, and mortality in Acinetobacter baumannii. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:2094-2104. [PMID: 32912064 PMCID: PMC7534287 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1822757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii emerged as one of the most
important pathogens that causes nosocomial infections due to its increased multidrug
resistance. Identifying capsular epidemiology in A.
baumannii can aid in the development of effective treatments and preventive
measures against this emerging pathogen. Here we established a wzc-based method, and combined it with wzy-PCR
to determine capsular types of A. baumannii causing
nosocomial bacteraemia collected at two medical centres in Taiwan from 2015 to 2017. Among
the 237 patients with A. baumannii bacteraemia, 98 (41.4%)
isolates were resistant to carbapenems. Four prevalent capsular types (KL2, KL10, KL22,
and KL52) accounted for 84.7% of carbapenem-resistant A.
baumannii (CRAB) and 12.2% of non-CRAB. The rate of pneumonia, intensive care
unit admission, APACHE II score, and Pitt bacteraemia score were higher in patients with
KL2/10/22/52 infection than in those with non-KL2/10/22/52 infection. Patients with
KL2/10/22/52 infection and patients with CRAB infection have a higher cumulative incidence
of attributable and all-cause in-hospital 30-day mortality. On multivariate analysis,
appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy within 24 h was associated with a lower risk
of 30-day attributable mortality in the KL2/10/22/52 isolates (odds ratio = 0.19, 95% CI:
0.06–0.66, p = 0.008) but not in non-KL2/10/22/52 isolates.
Early recognition of carbapenem resistance-associated capsular types may help clinicians
to promptly implement appropriate antimicrobial therapy for improving the outcomes in
patients with CRAB bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health and Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Sen Shie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tai Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tran Lam Tu Quyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Lai LY, Hsu LY, Weng SH, Chung SE, Ke HE, Lin TL, Hsieh PF, Lee WT, Tsai HY, Lin WH, Jou R, Wang JT. A Glutamine Insertion at Codon 432 of RpoB Confers Rifampicin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:583194. [PMID: 33193223 PMCID: PMC7604305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.583194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Treating TB is challenging; successful treatment requires a long course of multiple antibiotics. Rifampicin (RIF) is a first-line drug for treating TB, and the development of RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis makes treatment even more difficult. To determine the mechanism of RIF resistance in these strains, we searched for novel mutations by sequencing. Four isolates, CDC-1, CDC-2, CDC-3, and CDC-4, had high-level RIF resistance and unique mutations encoding RpoB G158R, RpoB V168A, RpoB S188P, and RpoB Q432insQ, respectively. To evaluate their correlation with RIF resistance, plasmids carrying rpoB genes encoding these mutant proteins were transfected into the H37Rv reference strain. The plasmid complementation of RpoB indicated that G158R, V168A, and S188P did not affect the MIC of RIF. However, the MIC of RIF was increased in H37Rv carrying RpoB Q432insQ. To confirm the correlation between RIF resistance and Q432insQ, we cloned an rpoB fragment carrying the insertion (encoding RpoB Q432insQ) into H37Rv by homologous recombination using a suicide vector. All replacement mutants expressing RpoB Q432insQ were resistant to RIF (MIC > 1 mg/L). These results indicate that RpoB Q432insQ causes RIF resistance in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yin Lai
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Hsu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hui Weng
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-En Chung
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-En Ke
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lee
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yuan Tsai
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Lin
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Ravinder M, Liao KS, Cheng YY, Pawar S, Lin TL, Wang JT, Wu CY. A Synthetic Carbohydrate–Protein Conjugate Vaccine Candidate against Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype K2. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15964-15997. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mettu Ravinder
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sujeet Pawar
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Zhonzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Zhonzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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16
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Lin TL, Lu CC, Lai WF, Wu TS, Lu JJ, Chen YM, Tzeng CM, Liu HT, Wei H, Lai HC. Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-derived active metabolites. Protein Cell 2020; 12:394-410. [PMID: 32929698 PMCID: PMC8106560 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been extensively used to ameliorate diseases in Asia for over thousands of years. However, owing to a lack of formal scientific validation, the absence of information regarding the mechanisms underlying TCMs restricts their application. After oral administration, TCM herbal ingredients frequently are not directly absorbed by the host, but rather enter the intestine to be transformed by gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is a microbial community living in animal intestines, and functions to maintain host homeostasis and health. Increasing evidences indicate that TCM herbs closely affect gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the conversion of herbal components into active metabolites. These may significantly affect the therapeutic activity of TCMs. Microbiota analyses, in conjunction with modern multiomics platforms, can together identify novel functional metabolites and form the basis of future TCM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China.,Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China. .,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China. .,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan, China.
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17
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Hsu LY, Lai LY, Hsieh PF, Lin TL, Lin WH, Tasi HY, Lee WT, Jou R, Wang JT. Two Novel katG Mutations Conferring Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1644. [PMID: 32760384 PMCID: PMC7374161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is among the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide. The treatment course for TB is challenging; it requires antibiotic administration for at least 6 months, and bacterial drug resistance makes treatment even more difficult. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance is important for improving treatment. To investigate new mechanisms of isoniazid (INH) resistance, we obtained three INH-resistant (INH-R) M. tuberculosis clinical isolates collected by the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) and sequenced genes known to harbor INH resistance-conferring mutations. Then, the relationship between the mutations and INH resistance of these three INH-R isolates was investigated. Sequencing of the INH-R isolates identified three novel katG mutations resulting in R146P, W341R, and L398P KatG proteins, respectively. To investigate the correlation between the observed INH-R phenotypes of the clinical isolates and these katG mutations, wild-type katG from H37Rv was expressed on a plasmid (pMN437-katG) in the isolates, and their susceptibilities to INH were determined. The plasmid expressing H37Rv katG restored INH susceptibility in the two INH-R isolates encoding the W341R KatG and L398P KatG proteins. In contrast, no phenotypic change was observed in the KatG R146P isolate harboring pMN437-katG. H37Rv isogenic mutant with W341R KatG or L398P KatG was further generated. Both showed resistant to INH. In conclusion, W341R KatG and L398P KatG conferred resistance to INH in M. tuberculosis, whereas R146P KatG did not affect the INH susceptibility of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Hsu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yin Lai
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Lin
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan.,Diagnostics and Vaccine Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yuan Tasi
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan.,Diagnostics and Vaccine Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lee
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan.,Diagnostics and Vaccine Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan.,Diagnostics and Vaccine Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Lin TL, Shu CC, Chen YM, Lu JJ, Wu TS, Lai WF, Tzeng CM, Lai HC, Lu CC. Like Cures Like: Pharmacological Activity of Anti-Inflammatory Lipopolysaccharides From Gut Microbiome. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:554. [PMID: 32425790 PMCID: PMC7212368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome maintains local gut integrity and systemic host homeostasis, where optimal control of intestinal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activity may play an important role. LPS mainly produced from gut microbiota are a group of lipid-polysaccharide chemical complexes existing in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Traditionally, LPS mostly produced from Proteobacteria are well known for their ability in inducing strong inflammatory responses (proinflammatory LPS, abbreviated as P-LPS), leading to septic shock or even death in animals and humans. Although the basic structures and chemical properties of P-LPS derived from different bacterial species generally show similarity, subtle and differential immune activation activities are observed. On the other hand, frequently ignored, a group of LPS molecules mainly produced by certain microbiota bacteria such as Bacteroidetes show blunt or even antagonistic activity in initiating pro-inflammatory responses (anti-inflammatory LPS, abbreviated as A-LPS). In this review, besides the immune activation properties of P-LPS, we also focus on the description of anti-inflammatory effects of A-LPS, and their potential antagonistic mechanism. We address the possibility of using native or engineered A-LPS for immune modulation in prevention or even treatment of P-LPS induced chronic inflammation related diseases. Understanding the exquisite interactive relationship between structure-activity correlation of P- and A-LPS not only contributes to molecular understanding of immunomodulation and homeostasis, but also re-animates the development of novel LPS-based pharmacological strategy for prevention and therapy of chronic inflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Shu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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19
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Lin TL, Chung SH, Sung CH, Yeh SY, Cheng TL, Chou CC. Establishment of feline in-house reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical parameters and potential age-related differences. Pol J Vet Sci 2020; 22:599-608. [PMID: 31560478 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.129969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reference intervals (RIs) are one of the essential elements in the procedure of disease diagnosis. This is especially true for feline species in which RI is less available than in canine species. RIs are affected by biological, geographical and instrumental factors, yet published RIs with incomplete background are popularly used. Inappropriate interpretations of RIs may affect classification of disease and subsequent treatment. In this study, we demonstrated the step-by-step establishment of feline RIs following the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) reference interval guideline. A total of 51 parameters were examined, including 20 hematology and 31 biochemistry parameters, and the results were compared to one local RI and two foreign RIs. Overall, about 29% (10/35) of tested parameters were different form local RIs and 60% (30/50) were different from the two foreign RIs, highlighting geographical variations. A higher upper reference limit (URL) in red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), Hemoglobin (Hgb), albumin, creatinine and lower URL in potassium and white blood cell count (WBC) were identified, which may impact the interpretation. In addition, statistical analysis of age and gender were factored separately and indicated that 10 parameters were significantly higher in the adult group. For the impact of gender, percentage of basophil and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were lower in female and male cats, respectively. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that it is desirable to establish in-house RIs or RIs of local sources. An age specific RI for the geriatric feline population is advisable for better diagnosis and monitoring the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
| | - S H Chung
- Tai-Da Animal Hospital, No. 11, Section 2, Wenhua Road, Banqiao District, New Taipei City, 220
| | - C H Sung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
| | - S Y Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
| | - T L Cheng
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
| | - C C Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
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20
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Hsu CR, Chang IW, Hsieh PF, Lin TL, Liu PY, Huang CH, Li KT, Wang JT. A Novel Role for the Klebsiella pneumoniae Sap (Sensitivity to Antimicrobial Peptides) Transporter in Intestinal Cell Interactions, Innate Immune Responses, Liver Abscess, and Virulence. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1294-1306. [PMID: 30476200 PMCID: PMC6452313 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important human pathogen causing hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. Systemic K. pneumoniae infections may be preceded by gastrointestinal colonization, but the basis of this bacterium’s interaction with the intestinal epithelium remains unclear. Here, we report that the K. pneumoniae Sap (sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides) transporter contributes to bacterial–host cell interactions and in vivo virulence. Gene deletion showed that sapA is required for the adherence of a K. pneumoniae blood isolate to intestinal epithelial, lung epithelial, urinary bladder epithelial, and liver cells. The ΔsapA mutant was deficient for translocation across intestinal epithelial monolayers, macrophage interactions, and induction of proinflammatory cytokines. In a mouse gastrointestinal infection model, ΔsapA yielded significantly decreased bacterial loads in liver, spleen and intestine, reduced liver abscess generation, and decreased mortality. These findings offer new insights into the pathogenic interaction of K. pneumoniae with the host gastrointestinal tract to cause systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ru Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wei Chang
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Pei-Yin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Chen-Hsiu Huang
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tzu Li
- Department of Medical Research, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine.,Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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21
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Lin TL, Shu CC, Lai WF, Tzeng CM, Lai HC, Lu CC. Investiture of next generation probiotics on amelioration of diseases – Strains do matter. Medicine in Microecology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2019.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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22
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Hsieh PF, Lu YR, Lin TL, Lai LY, Wang JT. Klebsiella pneumoniae Type VI Secretion System Contributes to Bacterial Competition, Cell Invasion, Type-1 Fimbriae Expression, and In Vivo Colonization. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:637-647. [PMID: 30202982 PMCID: PMC6350951 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously isolated a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, NTUH-K2044, from a community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) patient. Analysis of the NTUH-K2044 genome revealed that this strain harbors 2 putative type VI secretion system (T6SS)-encoding gene clusters. Methods The distribution of T6SS genes in the PLA and intestinal-colonizing K pneumoniae clinical isolates was examined. icmF1-, icmF2-, icmF1/icmF2-, and hcp-deficient K pneumoniae strains were constructed using an unmarked deletion method. The roles of T6SSs in antibacterial activity, type-1 fimbriae expression, cell adhesion, and invasion and intestinal colonization were determined. Results The prevalence of T6SSs is higher in the PLA strains than in the intestinal-colonizing strains (37 of 42 vs 54 of 130). Deletion of icmF1/icmF2 and hcp genes significantly reduced interbacterial and intrabacterial killing. Strain deleted for icmF1 and icmF2 exhibited decreased transcriptional expression of type-1 fimbriae and reduced adherence to and invasion of human colorectal epithelial cells and was attenuated for in vivo competition to enable colonization of the host gut. Finally, Hcp expression in K pneumoniae was silenced by the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein via direct binding. Conclusions These results provide new insights into T6SS-mediated bacterial competition and attachment in K pneumoniae and could facilitate the prevention of K pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Yi-Rou Lu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Li-Yin Lai
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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23
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Cheng YH, Lin TL, Lin YT, Wang JT. A putative RND-type efflux pump, H239_3064, contributes to colistin resistance through CrrB in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:1509-1516. [PMID: 29506266 PMCID: PMC5961088 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colistin is one of the last-resort antibiotics used to treat carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Our previous studies indicated that clinical strains encoding CrrB with amino acid substitutions exhibited higher colistin resistance (MICs ≥512 mg/L) than did colistin-resistant strains encoding mutant MgrB, PmrB or PhoQ. Objectives CrrAB may regulate another unknown mechanism(s) contributing to colistin resistance, besides modifications of LPS with 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose and phosphoethanolamine. Methods To identify these potential unknown mechanism(s), a transposon mutant library of A4528 crrB(N141I) was constructed. Loci that might contribute to colistin resistance and were regulated by crrB were confirmed by deletion and complementation experiments. Results Screening of 2976 transposon mutants identified 47 mutants in which the MICs of colistin were significantly decreased compared with that for the parent. Besides crrAB, crrC and pmrHFIJKLM operons, these 47 transposon insertion mutants included another 13 loci. Notably, transcript levels of one of these insertion targets, H239_3064 (encoding a putative RND-type efflux pump), were significantly increased in A4528 crrB(N141I) compared with the A4528 parent strain. Deletion of H239_3064 in the A4528 crrB(N141I) background resulted in an 8-fold decrease in the MIC of colistin; complementation of the deletion mutant with H239_3064 restored resistance to colistin. Susceptibilities of A4528-derived strains to other antibiotics were also tested. Mutations of crrB resulted in decreased susceptibility to tetracycline and tigecycline, and deletion of H239_3064 in A4528 crrB(N141I) attenuated this phenomenon. Conclusions This study demonstrated that missense mutations of K. pneumoniae crrB lead to increased expression of H239_3064, leading in turn to decreased susceptibility to colistin, tetracycline and tigecycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Chen YY, Wang JT, Lin TL, Gong YN, Li TH, Huang YY, Hsieh YC. Prophage Excision in Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A ST320 Promote Colonization: Insight Into Its Evolution From the Ancestral Clone Taiwan 19F-14 (ST236). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:205. [PMID: 30800118 PMCID: PMC6375853 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae 19A ST320, a multidrug-resistant strain with high disease severity that notoriously spread before the use of expanded pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, was derived from a capsular switching event between an international strain Taiwan 19F-14 (ST236) and a serotype 19A strain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive evolution of 19F ST236 to 19A ST320 are unknown. In this study, we compared 19A ST320 to its ancestral clone, 19F ST236, in terms of adherence to respiratory epithelial cells, whole transcriptome, and ability to colonize a young mouse model. Serotype 19A ST320 showed five-fold higher adherence to A549 cells than serotype 19F ST236. High-throughput mRNA sequencing identified a prophage region located between dnaN and ychF in both strains; however, the genes in this region were expressed at significantly higher levels in 19A ST320 than in 19F ST236. Analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that the prophage is able to spontaneously excise from the chromosome and form a circular episome in 19A ST320, but not in 19F ST236. Deletion of the integrase in the prophage of 19A ST320 decreased spontaneous excision and cell adherence, which were restored by complementation. Competition experiments in mice showed that the integrase mutant was six-fold less competitive than the 19A ST320 parent (competitive index [CI]: 0.16; p = 0.02). The 19A ST320 prophage-deleted strain did not change cell adherence capacity, whereas prophage integration strains (integrase mutant and 19F) had decreased expression of the down-stream ychF gene compared to that of 19A ST320. Further deletion of ychF significantly reduced cell adherence. In conclusions, these findings suggest that spontaneous prophage induction confers a competitive advantage to virulent pneumococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Nong Gong
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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25
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Chang CJ, Lin TL, Tsai YL, Wu TR, Lai WF, Lu CC, Lai HC. Next generation probiotics in disease amelioration. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:615-622. [PMID: 31324278 PMCID: PMC9307044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the role of gut commensal bacteria in health development have rapidly attracted much more attention beyond the classical pathogens over the last decade. Many important reports have highlighted the changes in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) are closely related to development of intra- and extra-intestinal, chronic inflammation related diseases such as colitis, obesity/metabolic syndromes, diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases and also cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. To circumvent these difficulties, the strategy of modulating the structure of the gut microbiota has been under intensive study and shed more light on amelioration of these inflammation related diseases. While traditional probiotics generally show marginal ameliorative effects, emerging next generation probiotics start to reveal as new preventive and therapeutic tools. Recent studies have unraveled many potential next generation probiotics (NGP). These include Prevotella copri and Christensenella minuta that control insulin resistance, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that reverse obesity and insulin resistance, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii that protects mice against intestinal diseases, and Bacteroides fragilis that reduces inflammation and shows anticancer effect. New agents will soon be revealed for targeted therapy on specific inflammation related diseases. The important roles of next generation probiotics and gut microbiota normobiosis on the maintenance of intestinal integrity and homeostasis are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Chang
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tsai
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ru Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan.
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26
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Wu TR, Lin CS, Chang CJ, Lin TL, Martel J, Ko YF, Ojcius DM, Lu CC, Young JD, Lai HC. Gut commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii plays a predominant role in the anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides isolated from Hirsutella sinensis. Gut 2019; 68:248-262. [PMID: 30007918 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis and its anamorph Hirsutella sinensis have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine for their immunomodulatory properties. Alterations of the gut microbiota have been described in obesity and type 2 diabetes. We examined the possibility that H. sinensis mycelium (HSM) and isolated fractions containing polysaccharides may prevent diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota. DESIGN High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were treated with HSM or fractions containing polysaccharides of different molecular weights. The effects of HSM and polysaccharides on the gut microbiota were assessed by horizontal faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), antibiotic treatment and 16S rDNA-based microbiota analysis. RESULTS Fraction H1 containing high-molecular weight polysaccharides (>300 kDa) considerably reduced body weight gain (∼50% reduction) and metabolic disorders in HFD-fed mice. These effects were associated with increased expression of thermogenesis protein markers in adipose tissues, enhanced gut integrity, reduced intestinal and systemic inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that H1 polysaccharides selectively promoted the growth of Parabacteroides goldsteinii, a commensal bacterium whose level was reduced in HFD-fed mice. FMT combined with antibiotic treatment showed that neomycin-sensitive gut bacteria negatively correlated with obesity traits and were required for H1's anti-obesogenic effects. Notably, oral treatment of HFD-fed mice with live P. goldsteinii reduced obesity and was associated with increased adipose tissue thermogenesis, enhanced intestinal integrity and reduced levels of inflammation and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS HSM polysaccharides and the gut bacterium P. goldsteinii represent novel prebiotics and probiotics that may be used to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ru Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Microbiota Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Microbiota Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, Taiwan
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Microbiota Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taiwan
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Tsai YL, Lin TL, Chang CJ, Wu TR, Lai WF, Lu CC, Lai HC. Probiotics, prebiotics and amelioration of diseases. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:3. [PMID: 30609922 PMCID: PMC6320572 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is closely related to occurrence of many important chronic inflammations-related diseases. So far the traditionally prescribed prebiotics and probiotics do not show significant impact on amelioration of these diseases in general. Thus the development of next generation prebiotics and probiotics designed to target specific diseases is urgently needed. In this review, we first make a brief introduction on current understandings of normal gut microbiota, microbiome, and their roles in homeostasis of mucosal immunity and gut integrity. Then, under the situation of microbiota dysbiosis, development of chronic inflammations in the intestine occurs, leading to leaky gut situation and systematic chronic inflammation in the host. These subsequently resulted in development of many important diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver inflammations, and other diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC), obesity-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD), the compromised lung immunity, and some on brain/neuro disorders. The strategy used to optimally implant the effective prebiotics, probiotics and the derived postbiotics for amelioration of the diseases is presented. While the effectiveness of these agents seems promising, additional studies are needed to establish recommendations for most clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Tsai
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chang
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ru Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. .,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. .,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan.
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Lai LY, Lin TL, Chen YY, Hsieh PF, Wang JT. Role of the Mycobacterium marinum ESX-1 Secretion System in Sliding Motility and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1160. [PMID: 29899738 PMCID: PMC5988883 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum is a close relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can cause systemic tuberculosis-like infections in ectotherms and skin infections in humans. Sliding motility correlates with biofilm formation and virulence in most bacteria. In this study, we used a sliding motility assay to screen 2,304 transposon mutants of M. marinum NTUH-M6885 and identified five transposon mutants with decreased sliding motility. Transposons that interrupted the type VII secretion system (T7SS) ESX-1-related genes, espE (mmar_5439), espF (mmar_5440), and eccA1 (mmar_5443), were present in 3 mutants. We performed reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to verify genes from mmar_5438 to mmar_5450, which were found to belong to a single transcriptional unit. Deletion mutants of espE, espF, espG (mmar_5441), and espH (mmar_5442) displayed significant attenuation regarding sliding motility and biofilm formation. M. marinum NTUH-M6885 possesses a functional ESX-1 secretion system. However, deletion of espG or espH resulted in slightly decreased secretion of EsxB (which is also known as CFP-10). Thus, the M. marinum ESX-1 secretion system mediates sliding motility and is crucial for biofilm formation. These data provide new insight into M. marinum biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yin Lai
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hsieh PF, Hsu CR, Chen CT, Lin TL, Wang JT. The Klebsiella pneumoniae YfgL (BamB) lipoprotein contributes to outer membrane protein biogenesis, type-1 fimbriae expression, anti-phagocytosis, and in vivo virulence. Virulence 2016; 7:587-601. [PMID: 27029012 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1171435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes several kinds of infections, including pneumonia, bacteremia, urinary tract infection and community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Adhesion is the critical first step in the infection process. Our previous work demonstrated that the transcellular translocation is exploited by K. pneumoniae strains to migrate from the gut flora into other tissues, resulting in systemic infections. However, the initial stages of K. pneumoniae infection remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that a K. pneumoniae strain deleted for yfgL (bamB) exhibited reduced adherence to and invasion of host cells; changed biogenesis of major β-barrel outer membrane proteins; decreased transcriptional expression of type-1 fimbriae; and increased susceptibility to vancomycin and erythromycin. The yfgL deletion mutant also had reduced ability to against neutrophil phagocytosis; exhibited decreased induction of host IL-6 production; and was profoundly attenuated for virulence in a K. pneumoniae model of bacteremia. Thus, the K. pneumoniae YfgL lipoprotein mediates in outer membrane proteins biogenesis and is crucial for anti-phagocytosis and survival in vivo. These data provide a new insight for K. pneumoniae attachment and such knowledge could facilitate preventive therapies or alternative therapies against K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Hsieh
- a Department of Microbiology , National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ru Hsu
- b Department of Medical Research , E-Da Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,c School of Medicine, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tang Chen
- a Department of Microbiology , National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- a Department of Microbiology , National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- a Department of Microbiology , National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan.,d Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
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Chen YY, Yang FL, Wu SH, Lin TL, Wang JT. Mycobacterium marinum mmar_2318 and mmar_2319 are Responsible for Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis and Virulence Toward Dictyostelium. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1458. [PMID: 26779131 PMCID: PMC4703794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to phagocyte killing is an important virulence factor in mycobacteria. Dictyostelium has been used to study the interaction between phagocytes and bacteria, given its similarity to the mammalian macrophage. Here, we investigated the genes responsible for virulence to Dictyostelium by screening 1728 transposon mutants of the Mycobacterium marinum NTUH-M6094 strain. A total of 30 mutants that permissive for Dictyostelium growth were identified. These mutants revealed interruptions in 20 distinct loci. Of the 20 loci, six genes (losA, mmar_2318, mmar_2319, wecE, mmar_2323 and mmar_2353) were located in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) synthesis cluster. LOS are antigenic glycolipids and the core LOS structure from LOS-I to LOS-IV have been reported to exist in M. marinum. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (2D-TLC) glycolipid profiles revealed that deletion of mmar_2318 or mmar_2319 resulted in the accumulation of LOS-III and deficiency of LOS-IV. Deletion and complementation of mmar_2318 or mmar_2319 confirmed that these genes both contributed to virulence toward Dictyostelium but not entry and replication inside Dictyostelium. Co-incubation with a murine macrophage cell line J774a.1 or PMA-induced human monocytic cell line THP-1 demonstrated that mmar_2318 or mmar_2319 deletion mutant could grow in macrophages, and their initial entry rate was not affected in J774a.1 but significantly increased in THP-1. In conclusion, although mmar_2319 has been reported to involve LOS biosynthesis in a previous study, we identified a new gene, mmar_2318 that is also involved in the biosynthesis of LOS. Deletion of mmar_2318 or mmar_2319 both exhibits reduction of virulence toward Dictyostelium and increased entry into THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
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Lin TL, Chuang YP, Huang YT, Hsieh PF, Lin YT, Wang JT. Identification of an immuno-dominant protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains causing pyogenic liver abscess: implication in serodiagnosis. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:321. [PMID: 25528354 PMCID: PMC4280002 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged worldwide as a cause of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) often complicated by meningitis and endophthalmitis. Early detection of this infectious disease will improve its clinical outcome. Therefore, we tried to isolate immunodominant proteins secreted by K. pneumoniae strains causing PLA. Results The secreted proteins of the NTUH-K2044 strain were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and then immunoblotted using convalescent sera from patients with K. pneumoniae PLA. A ~30-kDa immunodominant protein was then identified. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed an open reading frame (KP1_p307) located on the pK2044 plasmid and bioinformatic analysis identified this protein as a signal peptide of unknown function. The KP1_p307 gene was more prevalent in PLA strains and capsular type K1/K2 strains, but disruption of this gene in NTUH-K2044 strain did not decrease virulence in mice. Ten of fourteen (71%) sera from patients with K. pneumoniae PLA were immunoreactive with the recombinant KP1_p307 protein. Seroconversion demonstrated by a rise in serum titer in serial serum samples confirmed that antibodies against the KP1_p307 protein were elicited after infection. Conclusions The KP1_p307 protein could be used as an antigen for early serodiagnosis of K. pneumoniae PLA, particularly in K1/K2 PLA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ping Chuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Tsung Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lin TL, Hsieh PF, Huang YT, Lee WC, Tsai YT, Su PA, Pan YJ, Hsu CR, Wu MC, Wang JT. Isolation of a bacteriophage and its depolymerase specific for K1 capsule of Klebsiella pneumoniae: implication in typing and treatment. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1734-44. [PMID: 25001459 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae causing community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess complicated with metastatic meningitis and endophthalmitis has emerged recently, most frequently associated with the K1 capsular type. METHODS A bacteriophage (NTUH-K2044-K1-1) that infects K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044 (capsular type K1) was isolated and characterized. RESULTS The phage infected all K1 strains, and none of the strains with other capsular types. Capsule deletion mutants were not lysed by this phage, suggesting that the capsule was essential for phage infection. Complete genome sequencing revealed the phage was a novel phiKMV-like virus. The gene-encoding capsule depolymerase was identified. The recombinant enzyme demonstrated specific lysis of the K1 capsule. Treatment with the phage or the recombinant enzyme provided significantly increased survival in mice infected with NTUH-K2044 strain, including one treated after the detection of a neck abscess by imaging. No obvious disease was observed after administration of this phage in mice. Phage was retained at detectable levels in liver, spleen, brain, and blood 24 hours after administration in mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate this phage and its capsule depolymerase exhibit specificity for capsular type K1 and can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of K1 K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu-Tsung Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Pan YJ, Lin TL, Chen YH, Hsu CR, Hsieh PF, Wu MC, Wang JT. Capsular types of Klebsiella pneumoniae revisited by wzc sequencing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80670. [PMID: 24349011 PMCID: PMC3857182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsule is an important virulence factor in bacteria. A total of 78 capsular types have been identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, there are limitations in current typing methods. We report here the development of a new genotyping method based on amplification of the variable regions of the wzc gene. Fragments corresponding to the variable region of wzc were amplified and sequenced from 76 documented capsular types of reference or clinical strains. The remaining two capsular types (reference strains K15 and K50) lacked amplifiable wzc genes and were proven to be acapsular. Strains with the same capsular type exhibited ≧94% DNA sequence identity across the variable region (CD1-VR2-CD2) of wzc. Strains with distinct K types exhibited <80% DNA sequence identity across this region, with the exception of three pairs of strains: K22/K37, K9/K45, and K52/K79. Strains K22 and K37 shared identical capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) genes except for one gene with a difference at a single base which resulted in frameshift mutation. The wzc sequences of K9 and K45 exhibited high DNA sequence similarity but possessed different genes in their cps clusters. K52 and K79 exhibited 89% wzc DNA sequence identity but were readily distinguished from each other at the DNA level; in contrast, strains with the same capsular type as K52 exhibited 100% wzc sequence identity. A total of 29 strains from patients with bacteremia were typed by the wzc system. wzc DNA sequences confirmed the documented capsular type for twenty-eight of these clinical isolates; the remaining strain likely represents a new capsular type. Thus, the wzc genotyping system is a simple and useful method for capsular typing of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Chen
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ru Hsu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chuan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hsu CR, Lin TL, Pan YJ, Hsieh PF, Wang JT. Isolation of a bacteriophage specific for a new capsular type of Klebsiella pneumoniae and characterization of its polysaccharide depolymerase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70092. [PMID: 23936379 PMCID: PMC3732264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the major pathogens causing hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant infections. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is an important virulence factor of K. pneumoniae. With 78 capsular types discovered thus far, an association between capsular type and the pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae has been observed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate an initially non-typeable K. pneumoniae UTI isolate NTUH-K1790N, the cps gene region was sequenced. By NTUH-K1790N cps-PCR genotyping, serotyping and determination using a newly isolated capsular type-specific bacteriophage, we found that NTUH-K1790N and three other isolates Ca0507, Ca0421 and C1975 possessed a new capsular type, which we named KN2. Analysis of a KN2 CPS(-) mutant confirmed the role of capsule as the target recognized by the antiserum and the phage. A newly described lytic phage specific for KN2 K. pneumoniae, named 0507-KN2-1, was isolated and characterized using transmission electron microscopy. Whole-genome sequencing of 0507-KN2-1 revealed a 159 991 bp double-stranded DNA genome with a G+C content of 46.7% and at least 154 open reading frames. Based on its morphological and genomic characteristics, 0507-KN2-1 was classified as a member of the Myoviridae phage family. Further analysis of this phage revealed a 3738-bp gene encoding a putative polysaccharide depolymerase. A recombinant form of this protein was produced and assayed to confirm its enzymatic activity and specificity to KN2 capsular polysaccharides. KN2 K. pneumoniae strains exhibited greater sensitivity to this depolymerase than these did to the cognate phage, as determined by spot analysis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Here we report that a group of clinical strains possess a novel Klebsiella capsular type. We identified a KN2-specific phage and its polysaccharide depolymerase, which could be used for efficient capsular typing. The lytic phage and depolymerase also have potential as alternative therapeutic agents to antibiotics for treating K. pneumoniae infections, especially against antibiotic-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ru Hsu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Hsieh PF, Liu JY, Pan YJ, Wu MC, Lin TL, Huang YT, Wang JT. Klebsiella pneumoniae peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein and murein lipoprotein contribute to serum resistance, antiphagocytosis, and proinflammatory cytokine stimulation. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1580-9. [PMID: 23911714 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (Pal), murein lipoprotein (LppA), and outer membrane protein A (OmpA) are dominant outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that are released by gram-negative bacteria during sepsis. OMPs are implicated in the maintenance of cell envelope integrity. Here, we characterize the roles of these OMPs in pathogenesis during bacteremia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS pal-, lppA-, and ompA-deficient K. pneumoniae strains were constructed using an unmarked deletion method. Serum sensitivity, antiphagocytosis activity, outer membrane permeability, and sensitivity to anionic detergents and antimicrobial polypeptides were determined for these OMP gene deletion mutants. The ability of these OMP gene deletion mutants to induce immune responses was compared with that of the wild-type strain in a bacteremic mouse model. RESULTS Klebsiella pneumoniae strains deleted for pal or lppA exhibited reduced protection from serum killing and phagocytosis; perturbation to the outer membrane permeability barrier and hypersensitivity to bile salts and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The strain mutated for lppA had reduced ability to activate Toll-like receptor 4. Immunization of mice with the pal or lppA mutant provided protection against infection by the wild-type strain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that K. pneumoniae Pal and LppA proteins are important in the maintenance of cell integrity, contribute to virulence, and could be used as attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
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Lo ST, Chen KY, Lin SD, Wu JY, Lin TL, Yeh MR, Chen TM, Liang CT. Controllable disorder in a hybrid nanoelectronic system: realization of a superconducting diode. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2274. [PMID: 23881449 PMCID: PMC3721077 DOI: 10.1038/srep02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied a hybrid nanoelectronic system which consists of an AlGaAs/GaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in close proximity (~70 nm) to an Al superconducting nanofilm. By tuning the current through the Al film, we can change the conductance of the 2DEG and furthermore vary the effective disorder in the Al superconducting film in a controllable way. When a high current is injected into the film, screening which couples the Al film and the 2DEG results in a collapse of anti-symmetric behavior in the current-voltage characteristics, V(I) ~ -V(-I), which holds true in a conventional superconductor. Our results may open a new avenue of experimentally realizing a superconducting diode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Tsung Lo
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Wang CH, Li ST, Lin TL, Cheng YY, Sun TH, Wang JT, Cheng TJR, Mong KKT, Wong CH, Wu CY. Synthesis ofNeisseria meningitidisSerogroup W135 Capsular Oligosaccharides for Immunogenicity Comparison and Vaccine Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9157-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hsieh YC, Lin TL, Chang KY, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Lin TY, Wang JT. Expansion and evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A ST320 clone as compared to its ancestral clone, Taiwan19F-14 (ST236). J Infect Dis 2013; 208:203-10. [PMID: 23559465 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A sequence type (ST) 320 clone, derived from an international Taiwan(19F)-14 (ST236) clone, has become prevalent in many countries. METHODS The dynamics of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were determined using the database of the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System in Taiwan. The virulence of 19A ST320 and Taiwan(19F)-14 (ST236) were assessed in mice. By constructing an isogenic serotype 19F variant of the 19A ST320 strain (19F ST320), we analyzed the role of capsular type and genetic background on the difference in virulence between 19A ST320 and Taiwan(19F)-14 (ST236). RESULTS Between 2008 and 2011, IPD due to serotype 19A increased from 2.1 to 10.2 cases per 100 000 population (P < .001); IPD due to any serotype also significantly increased (P = .01). Most serotype 19A isolates belonged to ST320. Using competition experiments in a murine model of colonization, we demonstrated that 19A ST320 outcompeted Taiwan(19F)-14 (ST236; competitive index, 20.3; P = .001). 19F ST320 was 2-fold less competitive than the 19A ST320 parent (competitive index, 0.47; P = .04) but remained 14-fold more competitive than Taiwan(19F)-14 (ST236; competitive index, 14.7; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Genetic evolution of pneumococcal clones from Taiwan(19F)-14 (ST236) to 19A ST320 has made this pneumococcus better able to colonize of the nasopharynx. This evolution reflects not only a switch in capsular serotype but also changes in other loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
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Lin TL, Yang FL, Yang AS, Peng HP, Li TL, Tsai MD, Wu SH, Wang JT. Amino acid substitutions of MagA in Klebsiella pneumoniae affect the biosynthesis of the capsular polysaccharide. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46783. [PMID: 23118860 PMCID: PMC3485256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoviscosity-associated gene A (magA) of Klebsiella pneumoniae contributes to K1 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis. Based on sequence homology and gene alignment, the magA gene has been predicted to encode a Wzy-type CPS polymerase. Sequence alignment with the Wzy_C and RfaL protein families (which catalyze CPS or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis) and topological analysis has suggested that eight highly conserved residues, including G308, G310, G334, G337, R290, P305, H323, and N324, were located in a hypothetical loop region. Therefore, we used site-directed mutagenesis to study the role of these residues in CPS production, and to observe the consequent phenotypes such as mucoviscosity, serum and phagocytosis resistance, and virulence (as assessed in mice) in pyogenic liver abscess strain NTUH-K2044. Alanine substitutions at R290 or H323 abolished all of these properties. The G308A mutant was severely impaired for these functions. The G334A mutant remained mucoid with decreased CPS production, but its virulence was significantly reduced in vivo. No phenotypic change was observed for strains harboring magA G310A, G337A, P305A, or N324A mutations. Therefore, R290, G308, H323, and G334 are functionally important residues of the MagA (Wzy) protein of K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044, capsular type K1. These amino acids are also likely to be important for the function of Wzy in other capsular types in K. pneumoniae and other species bearing Wzy_C family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Suei Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Peng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MDT); (SHW); (JTW)
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MDT); (SHW); (JTW)
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MDT); (SHW); (JTW)
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Hsieh PF, Lin TL, Yang FL, Wu MC, Pan YJ, Wu SH, Wang JT. Lipopolysaccharide O1 antigen contributes to the virulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing pyogenic liver abscess. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33155. [PMID: 22427976 PMCID: PMC3299736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is the common cause of a global emerging infectious disease, community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are critical for this microorganism's ability to spread through the blood and to cause sepsis. While CPS type K1 is an important virulence factor in K. pneumoniae causing PLA, the role of LPS in PLA is not clear. Here, we characterize the role of LPS O antigen in the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae causing PLA. NTUH-K2044 is a LPS O1 clinical strain; the presence of the O antigen was shown via the presence of 1,3-galactan in the LPS, and of sequences that align with the wb gene cluster, known to produce O-antigen. Serologic analysis of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates demonstrated that the O1 serotype was more prevalent in PLA strains than that in non-tissue-invasive strains (38/42 vs. 9/32, P<0.0001). O1 serotype isolates had a higher frequency of serum resistance, and mutation of the O1 antigen changed serum resistance in K. pneumoniae. A PLA-causing strain of CPS capsular type K2 and LPS serotype O1 (i.e., O1:K2 PLA strain) deleted for the O1 synthesizing genes was profoundly attenuated in virulence, as demonstrated in separate mouse models of septicemia and liver abscess. Immunization of mice with the K2044 magA-mutant (K(1) (-) O(1)) against LPS O1 provided protection against infection with an O1:K2 PLA strain, but not against infection with an O1:K1 PLA strain. Our findings indicate that the O1 antigen of PLA-associated K. pneumoniae contributes to virulence by conveying resistance to serum killing, promoting bacterial dissemination to and colonization of internal organs after the onset of bacteremia, and could be a useful vaccine candidate against infection by an O1:K2 PLA strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- The Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chuan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- The Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lai CC, Lin TL, Tseng SP, Huang YT, Wang JT, Chang SC, Teng LJ, Wang JT, Hsueh PR. Pelvic abscess caused by New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1-producing Klebsiella oxytoca in Taiwan in a patient who underwent renal transplantation in China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 71:474-5. [PMID: 22083082 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hsu CR, Lin TL, Chen YC, Chou HC, Wang JT. The role of Klebsiella pneumoniae rmpA in capsular polysaccharide synthesis and virulence revisited. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:3446-3457. [PMID: 21964731 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.050336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is an emerging infectious disease. The rmpA gene (for regulator of mucoid phenotype A) has been reported to be associated with PLA in prevalence studies. NTUH-K2044, a K1 PLA isolate, carries three rmpA/A2 genes: two large-plasmid-carried genes (p-rmpA and p-rmpA2) and one chromosomal gene (c-rmpA). In this study, we re-examined the role of rmpA/A2 in PLA pathogenesis to clarify the relationship of rmpA/A2 and capsular serotype to virulence. Using isogenic gene deletion strains and complemented strains of NTUH-K2044, we demonstrated that only p-rmpA enhanced expression of capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) genes and capsule production. Nevertheless, the lethal dose and in vivo competitive index indicated that p-rmpA does not promote virulence in mice. The prevalence of these three rmpA/A2 and capsular types in 206 strains was investigated. This revealed a correlation of rmpA/A2 with six PLA-related capsular types (K1, K2, K5, K54, K57 and KN1). However, the correlation of rmpA/A2 with K1 strains from the West was less obvious than with the strains from Asia (17/22 vs 39/39, P = 0.0019). Among the three rmpA/A2 genes, p-rmpA was the most prevalent. Due to the strong correlation with PLA-related capsular types, p-rmpA could serve as a surrogate marker for PLA. We found an association of p-rmpA with three widely spaced loci in a large plasmid (30/32). Therefore, rmpA could be co-inherited together with virulence genes carried by this plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ru Hsu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Ci Chen
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Chi Chou
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu MC, Lin TL, Hsieh PF, Yang HC, Wang JT. Isolation of genes involved in biofilm formation of a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain causing pyogenic liver abscess. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23500. [PMID: 21858144 PMCID: PMC3155550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) complicated with meningitis and endophthalmitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging infectious disease. To investigate the mechanisms and effects of biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae causing PLA, microtiter plate assays were used to determine the levels of biofilm formed by K. pneumoniae clinical isolates and to screen for biofilm-altered mutants from a transposon mutant library of a K. pneumoniae PLA-associated strain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae was examined by microtiter plate assay. Higher levels of biofilm formation were demonstrated by K. pneumoniae strains associated with PLA. A total of 23 biofilm-decreased mutants and 4 biofilm-increased mutants were identified. Among these mutants, a biofilm-decreased treC mutant displayed less mucoviscosity and produced less capsular polysaccharide (CPS), whereas a biofilm-increased sugE mutant displayed higher mucoviscosity and produced more CPS. The biofilm phenotypes of treC and sugE mutants also were confirmed by glass slide culture. Deletion of treC, which encodes trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase, impaired bacterial trehalose utilization. Addition of glucose to the culture medium restored the capsule production and biofilm formation in the treC mutant. Transcriptional profile analysis suggested that the increase of CPS production in ΔsugE may reflect elevated cps gene expression (upregulated through rmpA) in combination with increased treC expression. In vivo competition assays demonstrated that the treC mutant strain was attenuated in competitiveness during intragastric infection in mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Genes important for biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae PLA strain were identified using an in vitro assay. Among the identified genes, treC and sugE affect biofilm formation by modulating CPS production. The importance of treC in gastrointestinal tract colonization suggests that biofilm formation contributes to the establishment and persistence of K. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chuan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Yang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ho JY, Lin TL, Li CY, Lee A, Cheng AN, Chen MC, Wu SH, Wang JT, Li TL, Tsai MD. Functions of some capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH K-2044. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21664. [PMID: 21765903 PMCID: PMC3134468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing number of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, commonly acquired in hospitals, has drawn great concern. It has been shown that the K1 and K2 capsular serotypes are the most detrimental strains, particularly to those with diabetes. The K1 cps (capsular polysaccharide) locus in the NTUH-2044 strain of the pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) K. pneumoniae has been identified recently, but little is known about the functions of the genes therein. Here we report characterization of a group of cps genes and their roles in the pathogenesis of K1 K. pneumoniae. By sequential gene deletion, the cps gene cluster was first re-delimited between genes galF and ugd, which serve as up- and down-stream ends, respectively. Eight gene products were characterized in vitro and in vivo to be involved in the syntheses of UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronic acid and GDP-fucose building units. Twelve genes were identified as virulence factors based on the observation that their deletion mutants became avirulent or lost K1 antigenicity. Furthermore, deletion of kp3706, kp3709 or kp3712 (ΔwcaI, ΔwcaG or Δatf, respectively), which are all involved in fucose biosynthesis, led to a broad range of transcriptional suppression for 52 upstream genes. The genes suppressed include those coding for unknown regulatory membrane proteins and six multidrug efflux system proteins, as well as proteins required for the K1 CPS biosynthesis. In support of the suppression of multidrug efflux genes, we showed that these three mutants became more sensitive to antibiotics. Taken together, the results suggest that kp3706, kp3709 or kp3712 genes are strongly related to the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae K1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuan Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biochemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arwen Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Ning Cheng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structure Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chuan Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JW); (TL); (MT)
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biochemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JW); (TL); (MT)
| | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biochemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JW); (TL); (MT)
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Yang FL, Yang YL, Liao PC, Chou JC, Tsai KC, Yang AS, Sheu F, Lin TL, Hsieh PF, Wang JT, Hua KF, Wu SH. Structure and immunological characterization of the capsular polysaccharide of a pyrogenic liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: activation of macrophages through Toll-like receptor 4. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:21041-51. [PMID: 21478151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.222091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The active components of a primary pyrogenic liver abscess (PLA) Klebsiella pneumoniae in stimulating cytokine expression in macrophages are still unclear. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of PLA K. pneumoniae is important in determining clinical manifestations, and we have shown that it consists of repeating units of the trisaccharide (→3)-β-D-Glc-(1→4)-[2,3-(S)-pyruvate]-β-D-GlcA-(1→4)-α-L-Fuc-(1→) and has the unusual feature of extensive pyruvation of glucuronic acid and acetylation of C(2)-OH or C(3)-OH of fucose. We demonstrated that PLA K. pneumoniae CPS induces secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by macrophages through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and that this effect was lost when pyruvation and O-acetylation were chemically destroyed. Furthermore, expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in PLA K. pneumoniae CPS-stimulated macrophages was shown to be regulated by the TLR4/ROS/PKC-δ/NF-κB, TLR4/PI3-kinase/AKT/NF-κB, and TLR4/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The human bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori forms biofilms. However, the constituents of the biofilm have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we analyzed the carbohydrate and protein components of biofilm formed by H. pylori strain ATCC 43504 (NCTC 11637). MATERIALS AND METHODS Development of H. pylori biofilm was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantified using crystal violet staining. The extracted extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix was analyzed using GC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Proteomic profiles of biofilms were examined by SDS-PAGE while deletion mutants of upregulated biofilm proteins were constructed and characterized. RESULTS Formation of H. pylori biofilm is time dependent as shown by crystal violet staining assay and SEM. NMR reveals the prevalence of 1,4-mannosyl linkages in both developing and mature biofilms. Proteomic analysis of the biofilm indicates the upregulation of neutrophil-activating protein A (NapA) and several stress-induced proteins. Interestingly, the isogenic mutant napA revealed a different biofilm phenotype that showed reduced aggregated colonial structure when compared to the wild type. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study shows that mannose-related proteoglycans (proteomannans) are involved in the process of H. pylori biofilm formation while the presence of upregulated NapA in the biofilm implies the potency to increase adhesiveness of H. pylori biofilm. Being a complex matrix of proteins and carbohydrates, which are probably interdependent, the H. pylori biofilm could possibly offer a protective haven for the survival of this gastric bacterial pathogen in the extragastric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Lin TL, Chi SY, Liu JW, Chou FF. Tuberculosis of the breast: 10 years' experience in one institution. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010; 14:758-763. [PMID: 20487616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rare even in endemic areas. Its presentation is variable and non-specific, and its diagnosis is therefore usually delayed. DESIGN We recruited breast TB cases between 1998 and June 2009 at Kaohsiung Medical Center in southern Taiwan. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, diagnosis and management of breast TB. RESULTS A total of 26 patients with breast TB (25 females) were included in this study. The most common presentation was breast tumour, followed by breast abscess and painful sensation. Patients received partial mastectomy or incision and drainage. The pathological examination revealed granulomatous inflammation, acute and chronic inflammation or both. Polymerase chain reaction has very low sensitivity in diagnosing breast TB. The interval between initial presentation and definite treatment was an average of 54.5 days. All patients received anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, with excellent response. CONCLUSION The presentation of breast TB is variable and diagnosis is usually delayed. The disease can be diagnosed through pathological tests and a high suspicion by experienced physicians. The definite treatment is adequate anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy after surgical excision or drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chuang TY, Lin CJ, Chi CL, Liu AY, Lee SW, Lin TL, Wang JT, Hsueh PR. Rapidly fatal bacteremic pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae with K1 hypermucoviscosity phenotype in a previously healthy young man receiving levofloxacin treatment. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2009; 42:439-441. [PMID: 20182675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fatal bacteremic Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia is commonly encountered in alcoholic and diabetic patients. This report describes a previously healthy young man with rapidly fatal bacteremic pneumonia caused by K. pneumoniae serotype K1, complicated by septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yi Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taiwan
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Chiu HC, Lin TL, Yang JC, Wang JT. Synergistic effect of imp/ostA and msbA in hydrophobic drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:136. [PMID: 19594901 PMCID: PMC2719649 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contamination of endoscopy equipment by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) frequently occurs after endoscopic examination of H. pylori-infected patients. In the hospital, manual pre-cleaning and soaking in glutaraldehyde is an important process to disinfect endoscopes. However, this might not be sufficient to remove H. pylori completely, and some glutaraldehyde-resistant bacteria might survive and be passed to the next patient undergoing endoscopic examination through unidentified mechanisms. We identified an Imp/OstA protein associated with glutaraldehyde resistance in a clinical strain, NTUH-C1, from our previous study. To better understand and manage the problem of glutaraldehyde resistance, we further investigated its mechanism. Results The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of glutaraldehyde andexpression of imp/ostA RNA in 11 clinical isolates from the National Taiwan University Hospital were determined. After glutaraldehyde treatment, RNA expression in the strains with the MICs of 4–10 μg/ml was higher than that in strains with the MICs of 1–3 μg/ml. We examined the full-genome expression of strain NTUH-S1 after glutaraldehyde treatment using a microarray and found that 40 genes were upregulated and 31 genes were downregulated. Among the upregulated genes, imp/ostA and msbA, two putative lipopolysaccharide biogenesis genes, were selected for further characterization. The sensitivity to glutaraldehyde or hydrophobic drugs increased in both of imp/ostA and msbA single mutants. The imp/ostA and msbA double mutant was also hypersensitive to these chemicals. The lipopolysaccharide contents decreased in individual imp/ostA and msbA mutants and dramatically reduced in the imp/ostA and msbA double mutant. Outer membrane permeability assay demonstrated that the imp/ostA and msbA double mutation resulted in the increase of outer membrane permeability. Ethidium bromide accumulation assay demonstrated that MsbA was involved in efflux of hydrophobic drugs. Conclusion The expression levels of imp/ostA and msbA were correlated with glutaraldehyde resistance in clinical isolates after glutaraldehyde treatment. Imp/OstA and MsbA play a synergistic role in hydrophobic drugs resistance and lipopolysaccharide biogenesis in H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chuan Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City 10051, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Alinovi
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2065, USA
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