1
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Selenol (-SeH) as a target for mercury and gold in biological systems: Contributions of mass spectrometry and atomic spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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Koh WX, Fong JL, Goh PX, Gomez AP, Wong ZX, Leong WK. Photochemical reactions of dinuclear organometallic complexes with diphenyl dichalcogenides. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Tolbatov I, Marrone A. Selenocysteine of thioredoxin reductase as the primary target for the antitumor metallodrugs: A computational point of view. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Cirri D, Bartoli F, Pratesi A, Baglini E, Barresi E, Marzo T. Strategies for the Improvement of Metal-Based Chemotherapeutic Treatments. Biomedicines 2021; 9:504. [PMID: 34064364 PMCID: PMC8147839 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the various research approaches we have explored in recent years to improve metal-based agents for cancer or infection treatments. Although cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin remain the cornerstones in tumor chemotherapy, the discovery and approval of novel inorganic anticancer drugs is a very slow process. Analogously, although a few promising inorganic drugs have found clinical application against parasitic or bacterial infections, their use remains relatively limited. Moreover, the discovery process is often affected by small therapeutic enhancements that are not attractive for the pharmaceutical industry. However, the availability of increasing mechanistic information for the modes of action of established inorganic drugs is fueling the exploration of various approaches for developing effective inorganic chemotherapy agents. Through a series of examples, some from our own research experience, we focus our attention on a number of promising strategies, including (1) drug repurposing, (2) the simple modification of the chemical structures of approved metal-based drugs, (3) testing novel drug combinations, and (4) newly synthesized complexes coupling different anticancer drugs. Accordingly, we aim to suggest and summarize a series of reliable approaches that are exploitable for the development of improved and innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), Univerisity of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, Univerisity of Pisa, Via Risorgimento, 36, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), Univerisity of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Emma Baglini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (E.B.)
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5
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Coll-SanMartin L, Davalos V, Piñeyro D, Rosselló-Tortella M, Bueno-Costa A, Setien F, Villanueva A, Granada I, Ruiz-Xiviller N, Kotter A, Helm M, Yokota J, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Kohno T, Esteller M. Gene Amplification-Associated Overexpression of the Selenoprotein tRNA Enzyme TRIT1 Confers Sensitivity to Arsenic Trioxide in Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1869. [PMID: 33919717 PMCID: PMC8070726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of RNA modification patterns is emerging as a common feature of human malignancies. If these changes affect key RNA molecules for mRNA translation, such as transfer RNA, they can have important consequences for cell transformation. TRIT1 is the enzyme responsible for the hypermodification of adenosine 37 in the anticodon region of human tRNAs containing serine and selenocysteine. Herein, we show that TRIT1 undergoes gene amplification-associated overexpression in cancer cell lines and primary samples of small-cell lung cancer. From growth and functional standpoints, the induced depletion of TRIT1 expression in amplified cells reduces their tumorigenic potential and downregulates the selenoprotein transcripts. We observed that TRIT1-amplified cells are sensitive to arsenic trioxide, a compound that regulates selenoproteins, whereas reduction of TRIT1 levels confers loss of sensitivity to the drug. Overall, our results indicate a role for TRIT1 as a small-cell lung cancer-relevant gene that, when undergoing gene amplification-associated activation, can be targeted with the differentiation agent arsenic trioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Coll-SanMartin
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
| | - Veronica Davalos
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
| | - David Piñeyro
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margalida Rosselló-Tortella
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Bueno-Costa
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
| | - Fernando Setien
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Group of Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors, Subprogram Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO), L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Isabel Granada
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
- Cytogenetics Platform, Hematology Laboratory Service, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO)-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Ruiz-Xiviller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
- Cytogenetics Platform, Hematology Laboratory Service, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO)-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annika Kotter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Jun Yokota
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (J.Y.); (R.K.-I.); (T.K.)
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (J.Y.); (R.K.-I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (J.Y.); (R.K.-I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-S.); (V.D.); (D.P.); (M.R.-T.); (A.B.-C.); (F.S.); (I.G.); (N.R.-X.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Roder C, Athan E. In Vitro Investigation of Auranofin as a Treatment for Clostridium difficile Infection. Drugs R D 2021; 20:209-216. [PMID: 32377889 PMCID: PMC7419417 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-020-00306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of hospital-acquired gastrointestinal infection and incidence rates continue to rise. Clostridium difficile infection is becoming increasingly complex to treat owing to the rise in treatment failures and recurrent infections. There is a clear need for new therapeutic options for the management of this disease. Objective This study aimed to assess auranofin, a drug approved for the treatment of arthritis, as a treatment for C. difficile infection. Previous investigations have demonstrated potential antimicrobial activity of auranofin against C. difficile and other organisms. Methods The activity of auranofin was assessed by in vitro investigations of its effect on C. difficile M7404 growth, vegetative cell viability, and spore viability. Activity of auranofin was also compared to that of the current treatments, metronidazole and vancomycin. Results Auranofin showed bactericidal activity at concentrations as low as 4.07 µg/mL, effectively reducing bacterial cell density by 50–70% and the viable vegetative cell and spore yields by 100%. The activity of auranofin was shown to be non-inferior to that of metronidazole and vancomycin. Conclusions Auranofin is highly efficacious against C. difficile M7404 in vitro and has the potential to be an ideal therapeutic option for the treatment of C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Roder
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Eugene Athan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Rashidi S, Kalantar K, Nguewa P, Hatam G. Leishmanial selenoproteins and the host immune system: towards new therapeutic strategies? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 114:541-544. [PMID: 32236439 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimum levels of selenoproteins are essential for starting and managing the host immune responses against pathogens. According to the expression of selenoproteins in Leishmania parasites, and since high levels of selenoproteins lead to adverse effects on immune cells and their functions, Leishmania parasites might then express selenoproteins such as selenomethionine in their structure and/or secretions able to challenge the host immune system. Finally, this adaptation may lead to evasion of the parasite from the host immune system. The expression of selenoproteins in Leishmania parasites might then induce the development of infection. We therefore suggest these molecules as new therapeutic candidates for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Rashidi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran
| | - Paul Nguewa
- University of Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran
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Kharma A, Grman M, Misak A, Domínguez-Álvarez E, Nasim MJ, Ondrias K, Chovanec M, Jacob C. Inorganic Polysulfides and Related Reactive Sulfur–Selenium Species from the Perspective of Chemistry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071359. [PMID: 30959902 PMCID: PMC6479598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysulfides (H₂Sx) represent a class of reactive sulfur species (RSS) which includes molecules such as H₂S₂, H₂S₃, H₂S₄, and H₂S5, and whose presence and impact in biological systems, when compared to other sulfur compounds, has only recently attracted the wider attention of researchers. Studies in this field have revealed a facet-rich chemistry and biological activity associated with such chemically simple, still unusual inorganic molecules. Despite their chemical simplicity, these inorganic species, as reductants and oxidants, metal binders, surfactant-like "cork screws" for membranes, components of perthiol signalling and reservoirs for inorganic hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), are at the centre of complicated formation and transformation pathways which affect numerous cellular processes. Starting from their chemistry, the hidden presence and various roles of polysulfides in biology may become more apparent, despite their lack of clear analytical fingerprints and often murky biochemical footprints. Indeed, the biological chemistry of H₂Sx follows many unexplored paths and today, the relationship between H₂S and its oxidized H₂Sx species needs to be clarified as a matter of "unmistaken identity". Simultaneously, emerging species, such as HSSeSH and SenS8-n, also need to be considered in earnest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Kharma
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Marian Grman
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak.
| | - Anton Misak
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak.
| | - Enrique Domínguez-Álvarez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Karol Ondrias
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak.
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak.
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
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9
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Zakrzewski J, Huras B, Kiełczewska A, Krawczyk M. Selenium analogs of phenoxypropionic and phenoxyacetic herbicides. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2018-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Selenium analogs of phenoxyacetic herbicides, namely 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4-DP), 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP), 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA), 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4,5-TP), and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T), were synthesized in two steps. Iodo aryl derivatives were dimerized with elemental selenium in the presence of CuO as catalyst to the corresponding diselenides. Diselenides were reduced with NaBH4 to a selenide anion and condensed with either propionic or chloroacetic acid to achieve the selenium analogs of phenoxyacetic herbicides. These selenium analogs show moderate herbicidal and fungistatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Zakrzewski
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry , Annopol 6 , 03-236 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Bogumiła Huras
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry , Annopol 6 , 03-236 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Kiełczewska
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry , Annopol 6 , 03-236 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Maria Krawczyk
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry , Annopol 6 , 03-236 Warsaw , Poland
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10
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Marzo T, Cirri D, Pollini S, Prato M, Fallani S, Cassetta MI, Novelli A, Rossolini GM, Messori L. Auranofin and its Analogues Show Potent Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens: Structure-Activity Relationships. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2448-2454. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Marzo
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI); University of Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Simona Pollini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC); University of Florence; Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC); Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
| | - Marco Prato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC); University of Florence; Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
| | - Stefania Fallani
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS); University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Maria Iris Cassetta
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS); University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Andrea Novelli
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS); University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC); University of Florence; Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC); Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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11
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Mass spectrometry as a powerful tool to study therapeutic metallodrugs speciation mechanisms: Current frontiers and perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Giles GI, Nasim MJ, Ali W, Jacob C. The Reactive Sulfur Species Concept: 15 Years On. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020038. [PMID: 28545257 PMCID: PMC5488018 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen years ago, in 2001, the concept of “Reactive Sulfur Species” or RSS was advocated as a working hypothesis. Since then various organic as well as inorganic RSS have attracted considerable interest and stimulated many new and often unexpected avenues in research and product development. During this time, it has become apparent that molecules with sulfur-containing functional groups are not just the passive “victims” of oxidative stress or simple conveyors of signals in cells, but can also be stressors in their own right, with pivotal roles in cellular function and homeostasis. Many “exotic” sulfur-based compounds, often of natural origin, have entered the fray in the context of nutrition, ageing, chemoprevention and therapy. In parallel, the field of inorganic RSS has come to the forefront of research, with short-lived yet metabolically important intermediates, such as various sulfur-nitrogen species and polysulfides (Sx2−), playing important roles. Between 2003 and 2005 several breath-taking discoveries emerged characterising unusual sulfur redox states in biology, and since then the truly unique role of sulfur-dependent redox systems has become apparent. Following these discoveries, over the last decade a “hunt” and, more recently, mining for such modifications has begun—and still continues—often in conjunction with new, innovative and complex labelling and analytical methods to capture the (entire) sulfur “redoxome”. A key distinction for RSS is that, unlike oxygen or nitrogen, sulfur not only forms a plethora of specific reactive species, but sulfur also targets itself, as sulfur containing molecules, i.e., peptides, proteins and enzymes, preferentially react with RSS. Not surprisingly, today this sulfur-centred redox signalling and control inside the living cell is a burning issue, which has moved on from the predominantly thiol/disulfide biochemistry of the past to a complex labyrinth of interacting signalling and control pathways which involve various sulfur oxidation states, sulfur species and reactions. RSS are omnipresent and, in some instances, are even considered as the true bearers of redox control, perhaps being more important than the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) or Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) which for decades have dominated the redox field. In other(s) words, in 2017, sulfur redox is “on the rise”, and the idea of RSS resonates throughout the Life Sciences. Still, the RSS story isn’t over yet. Many RSS are at the heart of “mistaken identities” which urgently require clarification and may even provide the foundations for further scientific revolutions in the years to come. In light of these developments, it is therefore the perfect time to revisit the original hypotheses, to select highlights in the field and to question and eventually update our concept of “Reactive Sulfur Species”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I Giles
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus B2 1, Saarbruecken D-66123, Germany.
| | - Wesam Ali
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus B2 1, Saarbruecken D-66123, Germany.
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus B2 1, Saarbruecken D-66123, Germany.
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13
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Li Z, Tan J, Shao L, Dong X, Ye RD, Chen D. Selenium-mediated protection in reversing the sensitivity of bacterium to the bactericidal antibiotics. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 41:23-31. [PMID: 28347459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inducing production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important criterion to distinguish the bactericidal antibiotics from bacteriostatic antibiotics. Selenoenzymes were generally recognized to be a powerful antioxidant capable of scavenging free radicals, protecting the cells from the harmful effects of ROS. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the selenium (Se)-mediated protection in reversing antibiotic sensitivity and the role of selenoenzymes in alleviating the negative effects of oxidative stress. The cellular antioxidant activity of Se-enriched bacteria was analyzed, as well as intracellular ROS production and elimination when Se-enriched bacteria in the presence of various antibiotics. Compared to complete inhibition of the parental strain by bactericidal antibiotics, it only exhibited slight and reversible inhibition of Se-enriched Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 at the same conditions, which indicated that intracellular selenium provided substantial protection against antibiotics. ROS generation caused by bactericidal antibiotics was confirmed by fluorescence spectrophotometry using 2', 7'-dichloro- uorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) as substrate. The time course experiments of pretreatment with selenium showed significant decrease of ROS level at 2h. In summary, the present study provides experimental evidence supporting selenoenzymes has good scavenging effect to ROS and can protect bacteria from oxidative stress injury induced by bactericidal antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Tan
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Shao
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Daijie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China.
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14
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Wang Q, Sun LC, Liu YQ, Lu JX, Han F, Huang ZW. The Synergistic Effect of Serine with Selenocompounds on the Expression of SelP and GPx in HepG2 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:291-6. [PMID: 26944060 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We explored the synergistic effect of serine combined with several selenocompounds or used alone on the expression of selenoprotein P (SelP) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in this study. We first compared the SelP and GPx expression difference between HepG2 and Hela cells treated with serine and finally chose HepG2 as experimental cell. In the serine-used-alone experiment, three kinds of selenium nutritional models (low-, adequate-, and high-selenium) were established and serine was 10 times gradient diluted (0.01 to 100 μmol/L). In the combined experiment, the selenocompound doses were set as 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μmol Se/L and serine was set according to its molar ratio with the selenocompounds. We found that SelP and GPx concentrations in the low-, adequate-, and high-selenium models increased following with serine dose. When the concentration of sodium selenite and SeMet was 1 μmol Se/L while MeSeCys was 0.1 and 1 μmol Se/L, SelP concentrations for serine combined with selenocompounds groups were significantly higher than that of selenocompounds used alone. When the concentration of sodium selenite was 0.1 μmol Se/L, SeMet was 0.1 and 1 μmol Se/L while MeSeCys was 0.01 and 1 μmol Se/L, GPx concentrations for serine combined with selenocompounds groups were significantly higher than that of selenocompounds used alone. Our preliminary result indicated the beneficial effect of serine on the expression of SelP and GPx, which suggested that it might be a candidate for combined selenium supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li-Cui Sun
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yi-Qun Liu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia-Xi Lu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Feng Han
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Huang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
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15
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Xu JX, Zhang C, Cao CY, Zhu SY, Li H, Sun YC, Li JL. Dietary Selenium Status Regulates the Transcriptions of Selenoproteome and Activities of Selenoenzymes in Chicken Kidney at Low or Super-nutritional Levels. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 170:438-48. [PMID: 26282526 PMCID: PMC7091239 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To determine dietary selenium (Se) status regulates the transcriptions of selenoproteome and activities of selenoenzymes in chicken kidney, 1-day-old chickens received low Se (0.028 mg Se per kg of diet) or super-nutritional Se (3.0 or 5.0 mg Se per kg of diet) in their diets for 8 weeks. It was observed that dietary low or super-nutritional Se did not make renal appearance pathological changes in chicken. Low Se significantly reduced total antioxidant capability (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) content, but malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the kidney increased and decreased glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity with changes in their mRNA levels. Super-nutritional Se (3.0 mg/kg) increased T-AOC and GSH contents then made them reduce, but it reduced MDA content significantly, elevated then reduced Gpx activity, and decreased TrxR activity with changes in their mRNA levels. Dietary low Se downregulated the mRNA expressions of Gpx1-4, Txnrd3, Sepn1, Selw, Sepx1, Selh, and SEPSECS. At super-nutritional Se, most selenoproteins were upregulated in chicken kidney, but Sepp2 and Sep15 was only upregulated in Se excess (5.0 mg/kg) bird. These results indicated that dietary Se status stabilizes normal renal physiology function via regulation of the selenoprotemic transcriptions and selenoenzyme activities in avian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yu Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chun Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Luo Z, Yu L, Yang F, Zhao Z, Yu B, Lai H, Wong KH, Ngai SM, Zheng W, Chen T. Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes as inducer of ROS-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells by targeting thioredoxin reductase. Metallomics 2015; 6:1480-90. [PMID: 24823440 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TrxR is an NADPH-dependent selenoenzyme upregulated in a number of cancers. It plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and represents an increasingly attractive target for anticancer drugs. The limitations of cisplatin in cancer treatment have motivated the extensive investigation to other metal complexes, especially ruthenium (Ru) complexes. In this study, we present the in vitro biological evaluation of four Ru(II) polypridyl complexes with diimine ligands, namely, [Ru(bpy)3](2+) (1), [Ru(phen)3](2+) (2), [Ru(ip)3](2+) (3), [Ru(pip)3](2+) (4) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, ip = imidazole[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, pip = 2-phenylimidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), and demonstrate that they exhibit antiproliferative activities against A375 human melanoma cells through inhibition of TrxR. As the planarity of the structure increases, their TrxR-inhibitory effects and in vitro anticancer activities were enhanced. Among them, complex 4 exhibited higher antiproliferative activity than cisplatin, and the TrxR-inhibitory potency of 4 was more effective than auranofin, a positive TrxR inhibitor. Complex 4 suppressed the cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis as evidenced by accumulation of sub-G1 cell population, DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. Moreover, complex 4 was able to localize in mitochondria and therein induced ROS-dependent apoptosis by inhibition of TrxR activity. Activation of MAPKs, AKT, DNA damage-mediated p53 phosphorylation and inhibition of VEGFR signaling were also triggered in cells exposed to complex 4. On the basis of this evidence, we suggest that Ru polypyridyl complexes could be developed as TrxR-targeted agents that demonstrate application potentials for treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuandi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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17
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Yildirim K, Uzkeser H, Uyanik A, Karatay S, Kiziltunc A. Trace element levels in patients with familial mediterranean Fever. Eurasian J Med 2015; 43:79-82. [PMID: 25610168 DOI: 10.5152/eajm.2011.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the genetic etiology of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is known, limited information is available regarding the regulation of inflammation during attack-free periods. The aim of this study was to determine the alterations in serum copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) levels that may be associated with inflammation during attack-free periods in FMF patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 33 patients with FMF and 30 healthy volunteers. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and serum levels of Cu, Zn and Se in FMF patients and healthy volunteers were assessed by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. RESULTS ESR and serum CRP levels and serum Cu and Zn levels were similar between patients with FMF during an attack-free period and healthy controls (p>0.05). Serum Se levels in the patient group were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our study shows that levels of trace elements in serum are variable in patients with FMF during attack-free periods. Serum Se concentrations may at least in part contribute to the subclinical inflammation in FMF patients during attack-free periods. However, further studies are necessary to confirm this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Yildirim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hulya Uzkeser
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Uyanik
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saliha Karatay
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kiziltunc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ravooru N, Ganji S, Sathyanarayanan N, Nagendra HG. Insilico analysis of hypothetical proteins unveils putative metabolic pathways and essential genes in Leishmania donovani. Front Genet 2014; 5:291. [PMID: 25206363 PMCID: PMC4144268 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania, which is active in two broad forms namely, Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL or Kala Azar) and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). The disease is most prevalent in the tropical regions and poses a threat to over 70 countries across the globe. About 200 million people are estimated to be at risk of developing VL in the Indian subcontinent, and this refers to around 67% of the global VL disease burden. The Indian state of Bihar alone accounts for 50% of the total VL cases. While no vaccination exists, several pentavalent antimonials and drugs like Paromomycin, Amphotericin, Miltefosine etc. are used in the treatment of Leishmaniasis. However, due to their low efficacies and the resistance developed by the bug to these medications, there is an urgent need to look into newer species specific targets. The proteome information available suggests that among the 7960 proteins in Leishmania donavani, a staggering 65% remains classified as a hypothetical uncharacterized set. In this background, we have attempted to assign probable functions to these hypothetical sequences present in this parasite, to explore their plausible roles as druggable receptors. Thus, putative functions have been defined to 105 hypothetical proteins, which exhibited a GO term correlation and PFAM domain coverage of more than 50% over the query sequence length. Of these, 27 sequences were found to be associated with a reference pathway in KEGG as well. Further, using homology approaches, four pathways viz., Ubiquinone biosynthesis, Fatty acid elongation in Mitochondria, Fatty Acid Elongation in ER and Seleno-cysteine Metabolism have been reconstructed. In addition, 7 new putative essential genes have been mined with the help of Eukaryotic Database of Essential Genes (DEG). All these information related to pathways and essential genes indeed show promise for exploiting the select molecules as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Ravooru
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology Bangalore, India
| | - Sandesh Ganji
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology Bangalore, India
| | - Nitish Sathyanarayanan
- The National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bangalore, India
| | - Holenarsipur G Nagendra
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology Bangalore, India
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19
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xiao J. Selenoproteins and selenium status in bone physiology and pathology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3246-3256. [PMID: 25116856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence supports the view that selenoproteins are essential for maintaining bone health. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current state of knowledge concerning selenoproteins and Se status in bone physiology and pathology is summarized. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Antioxidant selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), as a whole, play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis and protecting against bone loss. GPx1, a major antioxidant enzyme in osteoclasts, is up-regulated by estrogen, an endogenous inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. TrxR1 is an immediate early gene in response to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, an osteoblastic differentiation agent. The combination of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Se generates a synergistic elevation of TrxR activity in Se-deficient osteoblasts. Of particular concern, pleiotropic TrxR1 is implicated in promoting NFκB activation. Coincidentally, TrxR inhibitors such as curcumin and gold compounds exhibit potent osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activity. Studies in patients with the mutations of selenocysteine insertion sequence-binding protein 2, a key trans-acting factor for the co-translational insertion of selenocysteine into selenoproteins have clearly established a causal link of selenoproteins in bone development. Se transport to bone relies on selenoprotein P. Plasma selenoprotein P concentrations have been found to be positively correlated with bone mineral density in elderly women. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A full understanding of the role and function of selenoproteins and Se status on bone physiology and pathology may lead to effectively prevent against or modify bone diseases by using Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- School of Tea Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China.
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20
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Cassetta MI, Marzo T, Fallani S, Novelli A, Messori L. Drug repositioning: auranofin as a prospective antimicrobial agent for the treatment of severe staphylococcal infections. Biometals 2014; 27:787-91. [PMID: 24820140 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Auranofin, (AF), a gold(I) complex in clinical use for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, is reported here to produce remarkable bactericidal effects in vitro against Staphylococcus sp. Noticeably, a similar antimicrobial action and potency are also noticed toward a few methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains but not toward Escherichia coli. The time and concentration dependencies of the antimicrobial actions of AF have been characterized through recording time kill curves, and a concentration dependent profile highlighted. Overall, the present results point out that auranofin might be quickly and successfully repurposed for the treatment of severe bacterial infections due to resistant Staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Iris Cassetta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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21
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Jeong JH, Choi YS, Kim YJ, Yeun Lee J, Lee J. Synthesis and Evaluation of Selenoflavones That Have Potential Neuroprotective Effects. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Zhu Z, Yang G, Wang Y, Yang J, Gao A, Niu P, Tian L. Suppression of thioredoxin system contributes to silica-induced oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrogenesis in rats. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:289-94. [PMID: 23973437 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is one of the most prevalent occupational lung diseases worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism that silica affected thioredoxin (Trx) system during the development of silicosis in vivo. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into saline group and silica group in which rats were intratracheally instilled with a single dose of silica suspension (50mg in 1ml saline/rat). After 7, 15 or 30 days instillation, rats were sacrificed. Biochemical parameters and histopathology were assessed. Our results demonstrated that silica could significantly cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as activate antioxidative protein Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream protein Trx in the early exposure to silica. The inhibition of Trx activity and the down-regulated expression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), suggesting that the function of Trx system may be suppressive induced by silica. Content of lung hydroxyproline and histopathological results showed significant fibrosis development with time. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that silica could suppress the Trx system to perturb the redox balance, elicit oxidative stress, and eventually induce pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Zhu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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23
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Abstract
Arsenic has received considerable attention in the world, since it can lead to a multitude of toxic effects and has been recognized as a human carcinogen causing cancers. Here, we focus on the current state of knowledge regarding the proposed mechanisms of arsenic biotransformation, with a little about cellular uptake, toxicity and clinical utilization of arsenicals. Since pentavalent methylated metabolites were found in animal urine after exposure to iAs(III), methylation was considered to be a detoxification process, but the discovery of methylated trivalent intermediates and thioarsenicals in urine has diverted the view and gained much interest regarding arsenic biotransformation. To further investigate the partially understood phenomena relating to arsenic toxicity and the uses of arsenic as a drug, it is important to elucidate the exact pathways involved in metabolism of this metalloid, as the toxicity and the clinical uses of arsenic can be best recognized in context of its biotransformation. Thereby, in this perspective, we have focused on arsenic metabolic pathways including three proposed mechanisms: a classic pathway by Challenger in 1945, followed by a new metabolic pathway proposed by Hayakawa in 2005 involving arsenic-glutathione complexes, while the third is a new reductive methylation pathway that is proposed by our group involving As-protein complexes. According to previous and present in vivo and in vitro experiments, we conclude that the methylation reaction takes place with simultaneous reductive rather than stepwise oxidative methylation. In addition, production of pentavalent methylated arsenic metabolites are suggested to be as the end product of metabolism, rather than intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310561, China
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24
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Weekley CM, Harris HH. Which form is that? The importance of selenium speciation and metabolism in the prevention and treatment of disease. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8870-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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25
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Wu Q, Yao HD, Zhang ZW, Zhang B, Meng FY, Xu SW, Wang XL. Possible correlation between selenoprotein W and myogenic regulatory factors in chicken embryonic myoblasts. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:166-72. [PMID: 23054870 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological function of selenium (Se) is mainly elicited through Se-containing proteins. Selenoprotein W (SelW), one member of the selenoprotein family, is essential for the normal function of the skeletal muscle system. To investigate the possible relationship of Se in the process of differentiation in chicken myoblasts and the expression of SelW, the cultured chicken embryonic myoblasts were incubated with sodium selenite at different concentrations for 72 h, and then the mRNA levels of SelW and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) in myoblasts were determined at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation between SelW mRNA expression and MRF mRNA expression was assessed. The results showed that the sodium selenite medium enhanced the mRNA expression of SelW, Myf-5, MRF4, and myogenin in chicken myoblasts. The mRNA expression levels of MRFs were significantly correlated with those of SelW at 24, 48, and 72 h. These data demonstrate that Se is involved in the differentiation of chicken embryonic myoblasts, and SelW showed correlation with MRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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26
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Mendelev N, Mehta SL, Idris H, Kumari S, Li PA. Selenite stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis signaling and enhances mitochondrial functional performance in murine hippocampal neuronal cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47910. [PMID: 23110128 PMCID: PMC3478265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of selenium has been shown to protect cells against free radical mediated cell damage. The objectives of this study are to examine whether supplementation of selenium stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis signaling pathways and whether selenium enhances mitochondrial functional performance. Murine hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells were treated with sodium selenite for 24 hours. Mitochondrial biogenesis markers, mitochondrial respiratory rate and activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes were measured and compared to non-treated cells. The results revealed that treatment of selenium to the HT22 cells elevated the levels of nuclear mitochondrial biogenesis regulators PGC-1α and NRF1, as well as mitochondrial proteins cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX IV). These effects are associated with phosphorylation of Akt and cAMP response element-binding (CREB). Supplementation of selenium significantly increased mitochondrial respiration and improved the activities of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. We conclude that selenium activates mitochondrial biogenesis signaling pathway and improves mitochondrial function. These effects may be associated with modulation of AKT-CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mendelev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suresh L. Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Haza Idris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Santosh Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - P. Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Galassi R, Burini A, Ricci S, Pellei M, Rigobello MP, Citta A, Dolmella A, Gandin V, Marzano C. Synthesis and characterization of azolate gold(I) phosphane complexes as thioredoxin reductase inhibiting antitumor agents. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5307-18. [PMID: 22391922 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following an increasing interest in the gold drug therapy field, nine new neutral azolate gold(I) phosphane compounds have been synthesized and tested as anticancer agents. The azolate ligands used in this study are pyrazolates and imidazolates substituted with deactivating groups such as trifluoromethyl, nitro or chloride moieties, whereas the phosphane co-ligand is the triphenylphosphane or the more hydrophilic TPA (TPA = 1,3,5-triazaphosphaadamantane). The studied gold(I) complexes are: (3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane-gold(I) (1), (3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane-gold(I) (2), (4-nitro-1H-pyrazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane-gold(I) (5), (4,5-dichloro-1H-imidazolate-1-yl)-triphenylphosphane-gold(I) (7), with the related TPA complexes (3), (4), (6) and (8) and (1-benzyl-4,5-di-chloro-2H-imidazolate-2-yl)-triphenylphosphane-gold(I) (9). The presence of deactivating groups on the azole rings improves the solubility of these complexes in polar media. Compounds 1-8 contain the N-Au-P environment, whilst compound 9 is the only one to contain a C-Au-P environment. Crystal structures for compounds 1 and 2 have been obtained and discussed. Interestingly, the newly synthesized gold(I) compounds were found to possess a pronounced cytotoxic activity on several human cancer cells, some of which were endowed with cis-platin or multidrug resistance. In particular, among azolate gold(I) complexes, 1 and 2 proved to be the most promising derivatives eliciting an antiproliferative effect up to 70 times higher than cis-platin. Mechanistic experiments indicated that the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) might be involved in the pharmacodynamic behavior of these gold species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino, 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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28
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Tiekink ERT. Therapeutic potential of selenium and tellurium compounds: opportunities yet unrealised. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6390-5. [PMID: 22252404 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite being disparaged for their malodorous and toxic demeanour, compounds of selenium, a bio-essential element, and tellurium, offer possibilities as therapeutic agents. Herein, their potential use as drugs, for example, as anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory agents, etc., will be surveyed along with a summary of the established biological functions of selenium. The natural biological functions of tellurium remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R T Tiekink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Srivastava M, Singh S, Self WT. Exposure to silver nanoparticles inhibits selenoprotein synthesis and the activity of thioredoxin reductase. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:56-61. [PMID: 21965219 PMCID: PMC3261948 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver (Ag)-based materials are increasingly being incorporated into consumer products, and although humans have been exposed to colloidal Ag in many forms for decades, this rise in the use of Ag materials has spurred interest into their toxicology. Recent reports have shown that exposure to AgNPs or Ag ions leads to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and reduced cell proliferation. Previous studies have shown that Ag accumulates in tissues as silver sulfides (Ag2S) and silver selenide (Ag2Se). OBJECTIVES In this study we investigated whether exposure of cells in culture to AgNPs or Ag ions at subtoxic doses would alter the effective metabolism of selenium, that is, the incorporation of selenium into selenoproteins. METHODS For these studies we used a keratinocyte cell model (HaCat) and a lung cell model (A549). We also tested (in vitro, both cellular and chemical) whether Ag ions could inhibit the activity of a key selenoenzyme, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). RESULTS We found that exposure to AgNPs or far lower levels of Ag ions led to a dose-dependent inhibition of selenium metabolism in both cell models. The synthesis of protein was not altered under these conditions. Exposure to nanomolar levels of Ag ions effectively blocked selenium metabolism, suggesting that Ag ion leaching was likely the mechanism underlying observed changes during AgNP exposure. Exposure likewise inhibited TrxR activity in cultured cells, and Ag ions were potent inhibitors of purified rat TrxR isoform 1 (cytosolic) (TrxR1) enzyme. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to AgNPs leads to the inhibition of selenoprotein synthesis and inhibition of TrxR1. Further, we propose these two sites of action comprise the likely mechanism underlying increases in oxidative stress, increases endoplasmic reticulum stress, and reduced cell proliferation during exposure to Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Srivastava
- Burnett School of Biomedical Science, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Abstract
Nutritional epigenetics has emerged as a novel mechanism underlying gene-diet interactions, further elucidating the modulatory role of nutrition in aging and age-related disease development. Epigenetics is defined as a heritable modification to the DNA that regulates chromosome architecture and modulates gene expression without changes in the underlying bp sequence, ultimately determining phenotype from genotype. DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications are classical levels of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic phenomena are critical from embryonic development through the aging process, with aberrations in epigenetic patterns emerging as aetiological mechanisms in many age-related diseases such as cancer, CVD and neurodegenerative disorders. Nutrients can act as the source of epigenetic modifications and can regulate the placement of these modifications. Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, namely folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, riboflavin, methionine, choline and betaine, are involved in DNA methylation by regulating levels of the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine and methyltransferase inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine. Other nutrients and bioactive food components such as retinoic acid, resveratrol, curcumin, sulforaphane and tea polyphenols can modulate epigenetic patterns by altering the levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine or directing the enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation and histone modifications. Aging and age-related diseases are associated with profound changes in epigenetic patterns, though it is not yet known whether these changes are programmatic or stochastic in nature. Future work in this field seeks to characterise the epigenetic pattern of healthy aging to ultimately identify nutritional measures to achieve this pattern.
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Wetzel C, Kunz PC, Kassack MU, Hamacher A, Böhler P, Watjen W, Ott I, Rubbiani R, Spingler B. Gold(I) complexes of water-soluble diphos-type ligands: synthesis, anticancer activity, apoptosis and thioredoxin reductase inhibition. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:9212-20. [PMID: 21826354 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10368g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I) complexes of imidazole and thiazole-based diphos type ligands were prepared and their potential as chemotherapeutics investigated. Depending on the ligands employed and the reaction conditions complexes [L(AuCl)(2)] and [L(2)Au]X (X = Cl, PF(6)) are obtained. The ligands used are diphosphanes with azoyl substituents R(2)P(CH(2))(2)PR(2) {R = 1-methylimidazol-2-yl (1), 1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl (4), thiazol-2-yl (5) and benzthiazol-2-yl (6)} as well as the novel ligands RPhP(CH(2))(2)PRPh {R = 1-methylimidazol-2-yl (3)} and R(2)P(CH(2))(3)PR(2) {R = 1-methylimidazol-2-yl (2)}. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes was assessed against three human cancer cell lines and a rat hepatoma cell line and correlated to the lipophilicity of the compounds. The tetrahedral gold complexes [(3)(2)Au]PF(6) and [(5)(2)Au]PF(6) with intermediate lipophilicity (logD(7.4) = 0.21 and 0.25) showed significant cytotoxic activity in different cell lines. Both compounds induce apoptosis and inhibit the enzymes thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Wetzel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl I: Bioanorganische Chemie und Katalyse, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Huras B, Zakrzewski J, Krawczyk M. Reactions of nitroxides, part XI: O-Aryl phenylselenophosphonates bearing a nitroxyl moiety. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Reactions of nitroxides. Part X: Antifungal activity of selected sulfur and selenium derivatives of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:514-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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