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Pal A, Das KM, Sau S, Thakur A. Co(II) Acetate-Assisted Direct Synthesis of Acyl Hydrazones from Acyl Hydrazides under Mild Conditions. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300755. [PMID: 37814533 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Acyl hydrazones are a class of synthetically important organic compounds that are recurrently in high demand for synthesis and use in various fields of chemistry and biology. We report the first Co(II) catalyzed one-component one-pot sustainable synthesis of acyl hydrazones only from acyl hydrazides under mild reaction conditions. Traditional and contemporary methodologies use two components (usually acyl hydrazides and aldehydes/ketones/alcohols/styrene) as the coupling partners. Our protocol, on the other hand, involves the in situ generation of aldehyde intermediate (detected by gas chromatography) from the acyl hydrazide, which then undergoes condensation with another molecule of the same acyl hydrazide in the same pot to yield acyl hydrazones in presence of mild base K2 CO3 and low-cost Co(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2 O as catalyst. This method shows good functional group tolerance with good to excellent yield of products. Furthermore, some of the resulting acyl hydrazones have been used as synthetic precursors and explored in various post-synthetic modifications to afford N-heterocyclic compounds. Furthermore, photoswitchable properties of few synthesized acyl hydrazones are also explored using their E/Z isomerization around the C=N bond, as realized by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-vis spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subham Sau
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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2
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Moneuse R, Bourgeois D, Le Goff X, Lehn JM, Meyer D. Behavior of a Dynamic Covalent Library Driven by Combined Pd(II) and Biphasic Effectors for Metal Transport between Phases. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302188. [PMID: 37566451 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the effect of Pd(II) as chemical effector on an acylhydrazone-based dynamic covalent library (DCL) in biphasic systems (water/chloroform). The constituents of the DCL are self-built and distributed in the two phases, two of them are lipophilic enough to play the role of a carrier agent that may transfer Pd(II) from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. Upon addition of Pd(II), the DCL of components exhibits a strong amplification of the constituent that is the most adapted to stabilize Pd(II) in chloroform as well as its agonist in water. This evolution is driven by the combination of the interaction of the DCL with Pd(II) and the presence of the two phases. This study paves the way to a novel approach for liquid/liquid extraction and metal recovery by means of adaptive extractant species generated in situ by a DCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Moneuse
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM) UMR 5257, Université de Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Damien Bourgeois
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM) UMR 5257, Université de Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Xavier Le Goff
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM) UMR 5257, Université de Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM) UMR 5257, Université de Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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3
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Meenatchi V, Cheng L, Soo Han S. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer, nonlinear optical, antibacterial activity, and DFT analysis of ultrasound processed (E)-N'-(4-isopropylbenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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4
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Ogundipe OO, Shoberu A, Xiao M, Zou JP. Copper-Catalyzed Radical Hydrazono-Phosphorylation of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15820-15829. [PMID: 36374155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient copper-catalyzed radical hydrazono-phosphorylation of alkenes with hydrazine derivatives and diarylphosphine oxides is described. The reaction provides a general and convenient method toward the synthesis of diverse β-hydrazonophosphine oxides in satisfactory yields. Based on conducted mechanistic experiments, a mechanism involving Ag-catalyzed oxidative generation of phosphinoyl radicals and subsequent addition to alkenes followed by Cu-assisted hydrazonation is proposed. Moreover, the practicability of the reaction is successfully demonstrated by its successful application on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode Olamiji Ogundipe
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Adedamola Shoberu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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5
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Ogundipe OO, Shoberu A, Zou JP. Copper-Catalyzed Stereoselective Radical Phosphono-hydrazonation of Alkynes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14555-14564. [PMID: 36264682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed stereoselective phosphono-hydrazonation of terminal alkynes with alkyl carbazates and diarylphosphine oxides is described. This methodology provides facile access to a variety of β-hydrazonophosphine oxides in satisfactory yields. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits good functional group tolerance. A mechanism featuring persulfate-mediated oxidative generation of phosphinoyl radicals and copper-assisted hydrazonation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode Olamiji Ogundipe
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Adedamola Shoberu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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6
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Dongare G, Aswar A. Synthesis, spectral characterization, thermo-kinetic and biological studies of some complexes derived from tridentate hydrazone Schiff base. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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7
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He M, Lehn JM. Time-Dependent Switching of Constitutional Dynamic Libraries and Networks from Kinetic to Thermodynamic Distributions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18560-18569. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meixia He
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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8
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Dynamic combinatorial chemistry as a rapid method for discovering sequence-selective RNA-binding compounds. Methods Enzymol 2019; 623:67-84. [PMID: 31239058 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing number of RNA species that are recognized as having a role in human disease is driving a demand for novel molecular probes and therapeutics. Producing sequence-selective RNA-binding molecules remains a substantial challenge, however. One approach that has been successful in producing molecules with high affinity and specificity for disease-relevant RNAs is the use of dynamic combinatorial chemistry, a fragment-based method in which fragments combine reversibly in the presence of the target. We describe methods for the design, synthesis, and screening of dynamic combinatorial libraries targeting RNA.
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Target identification, lead optimization and antitumor evaluation of some new 1,2,4-triazines as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2017; 73:154-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Hayes MA, Roberts I, Grönberg G, Lv K, Lin B, Bergare J, Elmore CS. Synthesis of 1β-hydroxydeoxycholic acid in H-2 and unlabeled forms. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:221-229. [PMID: 28183147 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
1β-hydroxydeoxycholic acid in unlabeled and stable isotope labeled forms was required for use as a biomarker for Cytochrome P450 3A4/5 activity. A lengthy synthesis was undertaken to deliver the unlabeled compound and in the process, to develop a route to the deuterium labeled compound. The synthesis of the unlabeled compound was completed but in a very low yield. Concurrent with the synthetic approach, a biosynthetic route was pursued and this approach proved to be much more rapid and afforded the compound in both unlabeled and deuterium labeled forms in a 1-step oxidation from deoxycholic acid and [D4 ]deoxycholic acid, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Hayes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ieuan Roberts
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Gunnar Grönberg
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jonas Bergare
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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11
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Abstract
Hydrazone chemistry is widely utilized in biomedical field as a means of bioconjugation protocol, especially in drug delivery field due to pH labile nature of this linkage. In the light of kinetics studies, the generally accepted mechanism for the hydrolysis of hydrazones involves two main steps, namely, nucleophilic addition of water molecule to the hydrazone molecule to form carbinolamine intermediate and subsequent decomposition of this intermediate into the hydrazine and aldehyde/ketone moieties. Hydrolysis of hydrazones is catalyzed in the acidic environments and is thought to proceed through several proton transfer steps. To the best of our knowledge, in the literature no detailed theoretical study has been reported related to the mechanism of hydrolysis. In this study, we evaluated the proposed mechanism with DFT calculations with M06-2X functional at the 6-311+g(d,p) level including conductor-like polarizable continuum model solvation model. We also analyzed possible proton transfer pathways and assessed energetics of each step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Yildiz
- Applied Mathematics & Sciences, Khalifa University , PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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12
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Herrmann A. Dynamic combinatorial/covalent chemistry: a tool to read, generate and modulate the bioactivity of compounds and compound mixtures. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1899-933. [PMID: 24296754 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reversible covalent bond formation under thermodynamic control adds reactivity to self-assembled supramolecular systems, and is therefore an ideal tool to assess complexity of chemical and biological systems. Dynamic combinatorial/covalent chemistry (DCC) has been used to read structural information by selectively assembling receptors with the optimum molecular fit around a given template from a mixture of reversibly reacting building blocks. This technique allows access to efficient sensing devices and the generation of new biomolecules, such as small molecule receptor binders for drug discovery, but also larger biomimetic polymers and macromolecules with particular three-dimensional structural architectures. Adding a kinetic factor to a thermodynamically controlled equilibrium results in dynamic resolution and in self-sorting and self-replicating systems, all of which are of major importance in biological systems. Furthermore, the temporary modification of bioactive compounds by reversible combinatorial/covalent derivatisation allows control of their release and facilitates their transport across amphiphilic self-assembled systems such as artificial membranes or cell walls. The goal of this review is to give a conceptual overview of how the impact of DCC on supramolecular assemblies at different levels can allow us to understand, predict and modulate the complexity of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrmann
- Firmenich SA, Division Recherche et Développement, Route des Jeunes 1, B. P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland.
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13
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Matache M, Bogdan E, Hădade ND. Selective Host Molecules Obtained by Dynamic Adaptive Chemistry. Chemistry 2014; 20:2106-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Clipson AJ, Bhat VT, McNae I, Caniard AM, Campopiano DJ, Greaney MF. Bivalent enzyme inhibitors discovered using dynamic covalent chemistry. Chemistry 2012; 18:10562-70. [PMID: 22782854 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A bivalent dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) system has been designed to selectively target members of the homodimeric glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme family. The dynamic covalent libraries (DCLs) use aniline-catalysed acylhydrazone exchange between bivalent hydrazides and glutathione-conjugated aldehydes and the bis-hydrazides act as linkers to bridge between each glutathione binding site. The resultant DCLs were found to be compatible and highly responsive to templating with different GST isozymes, with the best results coming from the M and Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) class of GSTs, targets in cancer and tropical disease, respectively. The approach yielded compounds with selective, nanomolar affinity (K(i) =61 nM for mGSTM1-1) and demonstrates that DCC can be used to simultaneously interrogate binding sites on different subunits of a dimeric protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Clipson
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Nour HF, Lopez-Periago AM, Kuhnert N. Probing the mechanism and dynamic reversibility of trianglimine formation using real-time electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1070-1080. [PMID: 22467457 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The [3+3]-cyclocondensation reactions of chiral (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane with aromatic or aliphatic bis-aldehydes to form trianglimine macrocycles were reported a decade ago and were believed to proceed through a stepwise mechanistic pathway; however, no intermediates were ever isolated or detected and characterized. METHODS We investigated the mechanism of the [3+3]-cyclocondensation reaction using a selection of dialdehyde starting materials using real-time electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS We observed up to a maximum of 16 reaction intermediates along the reaction pathway, more than for any other multistep reaction reported. We also probed the dynamic reversibility of trianglimines using selected small dynamic combinatorial libraries and showed that trianglimine formation is indeed fully reversible. CONCLUSIONS This study represents a significant contribution towards understanding the mechanism of trianglimine formation and its potential applicability can be extended to include other cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany F Nour
- School of Engineering and Science, Organic and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Jacobs University, 28759, Bremen, Germany
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16
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Hanessian S, Maianti JP, Ly VL, Deschênes-Simard B. Structural and kinetic study of self-assembling macrocyclic dimer natural product aminoglycoside66-40C and unnatural variants. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
A simple approach to generating in situ metal-templated tris-(2-picolyl)amine-like multicomponent assemblies with potential applications in molecular recognition and sensing is reported. The assembly is based on the reversible covalent association between di-(2-picolyl)amine and aldehydes. Zinc ion is best for inducing assembly among the metal salts investigated, whereas 2-picolinaldehyde is the best among the heterocyclic aldehydes studied. Although an equilibrium constant of 6.6×10(3) M(-1) was measured for the assembly formed by 2-picolinaldehdye, di-(2-picolyl)amine, and zinc triflate, the equilibrium constants for other systems are in the 10(2) M(-1) range. X-ray structural analysis revealed that zinc adopts trigonal-bipyramidal geometry within the assembled ligand. The diversity and equilibrium of the assemblies are readily altered by simply changing concentrations, varying components, or adding counteranions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei You
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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18
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Beeren SR, Sanders JKM. Discovery of linear receptors for multiple dihydrogen phosphate ions using dynamic combinatorial chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3804-7. [PMID: 21361379 DOI: 10.1021/ja200130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe the use of dynamic combinatorial chemistry to discover a new series of linear hydrazone-based receptors that bind multiple dihydrogen phosphate ions. Through the use of a template-driven, selection-based approach to receptor synthesis, dynamic combinatorial chemistry allows for the identification of unexpected host structures and binding motifs. Notably, we observed the unprecedented selection of these linear receptors in preference to competing macrocyclic hosts. Furthermore, linear receptors containing up to nine building blocks and three different building blocks were amplified in the dynamic combinatorial library. The receptors were formed using a dihydrazide building block based on an amino acid-disubstituted ferrocene scaffold. A detailed study of the linear pentamer revealed that it forms a helical ditopic receptor that employs four acylhydrazone hydrogen-bond donor motifs to cooperatively bind two dihydrogen phosphate ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R Beeren
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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19
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Capela MDF, Mosey NJ, Xing L, Wang R, Petitjean A. Amine Exchange in Formamidines: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2011; 17:4598-612. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marinha dF. Capela
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7 L 3N6 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 613‐533‐6669
| | - Nicholas J. Mosey
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7 L 3N6 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 613‐533‐6669
| | - Liyan Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7 L 3N6 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 613‐533‐6669
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7 L 3N6 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 613‐533‐6669
| | - Anne Petitjean
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7 L 3N6 (Canada), Fax: (+1) 613‐533‐6669
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20
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Simpson MG, Pittelkow M, Watson SP, Sanders JKM. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry with hydrazones: libraries incorporating heterocyclic and steroidal motifs. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1181-7. [PMID: 20165811 DOI: 10.1039/b917146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We expand the possibilities in hydrazone based dynamic combinatorial chemistry with a series of new building blocks incorporating heterocyclic motifs. The synthetic procedure allows efficient access to building blocks with the general structure (MeO)(2)CH-Heterocycle-C(O)NHNH(2), originating from heterocycles with an amine and an ester functionality. The equilibrium distribution of macrocyclic N-acyl hydrazones formed upon deprotection of the building blocks with TFA in organic solvents is reported. The mixing behaviour of these heterocycle-based building blocks with our cholate-based building blocks is described, particularly the observation of kinetic intermediates that disappear following 'proof-reading'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Simpson
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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