1
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Blanco-Gonzalez A, Manathunga M, Yang X, Olivucci M. Comparative quantum-classical dynamics of natural and synthetic molecular rotors show how vibrational synchronization modulates the photoisomerization quantum efficiency. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3499. [PMID: 38664371 PMCID: PMC11045841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We use quantum-classical trajectories to investigate the origin of the different photoisomerization quantum efficiency observed in the dim-light visual pigment Rhodopsin and in the light-driven biomimetic molecular rotor para-methoxy N-methyl indanylidene-pyrrolinium (MeO-NAIP) in methanol. Our results reveal that effective light-energy conversion requires, in general, an auxiliary molecular vibration (called promoter) that does not correspond to the rotary motion but synchronizes with it at specific times. They also reveal that Nature has designed Rhodopsin to exploit two mechanisms working in a vibrationally coherent regime. The first uses a wag promoter to ensure that ca. 75% of the absorbed photons lead to unidirectional rotations. The second mechanism ensures that the same process is fast enough to avoid directional randomization. It is found that MeO-NAIP in methanol is incapable of exploiting the above mechanisms resulting into a 50% quantum efficiency loss. However, when the solvent is removed, MeO-NAIP rotation is predicted to synchronize with a ring-inversion promoter leading to a 30% increase in quantum efficiency and, therefore, biomimetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Blanco-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Madushanka Manathunga
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Xuchun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
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2
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Boeije Y, Olivucci M. From a one-mode to a multi-mode understanding of conical intersection mediated ultrafast organic photochemical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2643-2687. [PMID: 36970950 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses how ultrafast organic photochemical reactions are controlled by conical intersections, highlighting that decay to the ground-state at multiple points of the intersection space results in their multi-mode character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorrick Boeije
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Chemistry Department, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro n. 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Overman Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
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3
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Towards the engineering of a photon-only two-stroke rotary molecular motor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6433. [PMID: 36307476 PMCID: PMC9616945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational engineering of photoresponsive materials, e.g., light-driven molecular motors, is a challenging task. Here, we use structure-related design rules to prepare a prototype molecular rotary motor capable of completing an entire revolution using, exclusively, the sequential absorption of two photons; i.e., a photon-only two-stroke motor. The mechanism of rotation is then characterised using a combination of non-adiabatic dynamics simulations and transient absorption spectroscopy measurements. The results show that the rotor moiety rotates axially relative to the stator and produces, within a few picoseconds at ambient T, an intermediate with the same helicity as the starting structure. We discuss how such properties, that include a 0.25 quantum efficiency, can help overcome the operational limitations of the classical overcrowded alkene designs.
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4
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Paolino M, Saletti M, Reale A, Licciardi M, Varvarà P, Marquette A, Léonard J, Bonechi C, Donati A, Giorgi G, Giuliani G, Carlotti B, Ortica F, Latterini L, Gentile M, Paccagnini E, Olivucci M, Cappelli A. Design, Synthesis and Characterization of a Visible‐Light‐Sensitive Molecular Switch and Its PEGylation Towards a Self‐Assembling Molecule. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201477. [PMID: 35695822 PMCID: PMC9541190 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022) Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Mario Saletti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022) Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Annalisa Reale
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022) Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Mariano Licciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Paola Varvarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Arnaud Marquette
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7504 Strasbourg France
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7504 Strasbourg France
| | - Claudia Bonechi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022) Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Alessandro Donati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022) Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022) Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022) Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Benedetta Carlotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto, 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Fausto Ortica
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto, 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto, 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Mariangela Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Eugenio Paccagnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022) Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
- Chemistry Department Bowling Green State University 43403 Bowling Green OH USA) ok
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018–2022) Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
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5
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Pooler DRS, Lubbe AS, Crespi S, Feringa BL. Designing light-driven rotary molecular motors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14964-14986. [PMID: 34909140 PMCID: PMC8612399 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to induce and amplify motion at the molecular scale has seen tremendous progress ranging from simple molecular rotors to responsive materials. In the two decades since the discovery of light-driven rotary molecular motors, the development of these molecules has been extensive; moving from the realm of molecular chemistry to integration into dynamic molecular systems. They have been identified as actuators holding great potential to precisely control the dynamics of nanoscale devices, but integrating molecular motors effectively into evermore complex artificial molecular machinery is not trivial. Maximising efficiency without compromising function requires conscious and judicious selection of the structures used. In this perspective, we focus on the key aspects of motor design and discuss how to manipulate these properties without impeding motor integrity. Herein, we describe these principles in the context of molecular rotary motors featuring a central double bond axle and emphasise the strengths and weaknesses of each design, providing a comprehensive evaluation of all artificial light-driven rotary motor scaffolds currently present in the literature. Based on this discussion, we will explore the trajectory of research into the field of molecular motors in the coming years, including challenges to be addressed, potential applications, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anouk S Lubbe
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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6
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Pooler DRS, Pierron R, Crespi S, Costil R, Pfeifer L, Léonard J, Olivucci M, Feringa BL. Effect of charge-transfer enhancement on the efficiency and rotary mechanism of an oxindole-based molecular motor. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7486-7497. [PMID: 34163839 PMCID: PMC8171491 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Harvesting energy and converting it into mechanical motion forms the basis for both natural and artificial molecular motors. Overcrowded alkene-based light-driven rotary motors are powered through sequential photochemical and thermal steps. The thermal helix inversion steps are well characterised and can be manipulated through adjustment of the chemical structure, however, the insights into the photochemical isomerisation steps still remain elusive. Here we report a novel oxindole-based molecular motor featuring pronounced electronic push-pull character and a four-fold increase of the photoisomerization quantum yield in comparison to previous motors of its class. A multidisciplinary approach including synthesis, steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopies, and electronic structure modelling was implemented to elucidate the excited state dynamics and rotary mechanism. We conclude that the charge-transfer character of the excited state diminishes the degree of pyramidalisation at the alkene bond during isomerisation, such that the rotational properties of this oxindole-based motor stand in between the precessional motion of fluorene-based molecular motors and the axial motion of biomimetic photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Robin Pierron
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504 F-67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504 F-67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena 53100 Siena Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio 43403 USA
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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7
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Paolino M, Giovannini T, Manathunga M, Latterini L, Zampini G, Pierron R, Léonard J, Fusi S, Giorgi G, Giuliani G, Cappelli A, Cappelli C, Olivucci M. On the Transition from a Biomimetic Molecular Switch to a Rotary Molecular Motor. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3875-3884. [PMID: 33856801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The experimental investigation of the unidirectional motion characterizing the photoisomerization of single-molecule rotary motors requires accessible lab prototypes featuring an electronic circular dichroism (ECD) signal that is sensitive to the geometrical and electronic changes occurring during an ultrafast reactive process. Here we report a combined experimental/computational study of a candidate obtained via the asymmetrization of a light-driven biomimetic molecular switch. We show that the achieved motor has an ECD band that is remarkably sensitive to the isomerization motion, and it is therefore suitable for time-resolved ECD studies. However, we also find that, unexpectedly, the synthesized motor isomerizes on a time scale longer than the subpicosecond time measured for the achiral parent, a result that points to alternative candidates conserving a high reaction speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Madushanka Manathunga
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0001, United States
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Zampini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Robin Pierron
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0001, United States
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8
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Roy P, Sardjan AS, Cnossen A, Browne WR, Feringa BL, Meech SR. Excited State Structure Correlates with Efficient Photoconversion in Unidirectional Motors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3367-3372. [PMID: 33784091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of unidirectional photomolecular motors demands a critical understanding of an ultrafast photochemical isomerization. An intermediate dark excited state mediates the reaction via a conical intersection (CI) with the ground state, but a correlation between molecular structure and photoisomerization efficiency has remained elusive. Here femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy captures vibrational spectra of the dark state in a set of molecular motors bearing different substituents. A direct correlation between isomerization quantum yield, dark state lifetime, and excited state vibrational spectrum is found. Electron withdrawing substituents lead to activity in lower frequency modes, which we correlate with a pyramidalization distortion at the ethylenic axle occurring within 100 fs. This structure is not formed with an electron donating substituent, where the axle retains double bond character. Further structural reorganization is observed and assigned to excited state reorganization and charge redistribution on the sub-picosecond time scale. The correlation of the dark state structure with photoconversion performance suggests guidelines for developing new more efficient motor derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Roy
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Andy S Sardjan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Cnossen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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9
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Le HN, Brazard J, Barnoin G, Vincent S, Michel BY, Leonard J, Burger A. Control of Intermolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Deoxyadenosine-Based Fluorescent Probes. Chemistry 2021; 27:1364-1373. [PMID: 32767410 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report on the Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) reaction between a donor (adenine analogue) and an acceptor (3-methoxychromone dye, 3MC) in the context of designing efficient fluorescent probes as DNA sensors. Firstly, Gibbs energy was investigated in disconnected donor-acceptor systems by Rehm-Weller equation. The oxidation potential of the adenine derivative was responsible for exergonicity of the PET reaction in separated combinations. Then, the PET reaction in donor-π-acceptor conjugates was investigated using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, acid-mediated PET inhibition and transient absorption techniques. In conjugated systems, PET is a favorable pathway of fluorescent quenching when an electron-rich adenine analogue (d7A) was connected to the fluorophore (3MC). We found that formation of ground-state complexes even at nm concentration range dominated the dye photophysics and generated poorly emissive species likely through intermolecular PET from d7A to 3MC. On the other hand, solution acidification disrupts complexation and turns on the dye emission. Bridging an electron-poor adenine analogue with high oxidation potential (8 d7A) to 3MC presenting low reduction potential is another alternative to prevent complex formation and produce highly emissive monomer conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Ngoan Le
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Johanna Brazard
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Physique et Chimie, des Matériaux de Strasbourg and Labex NIE, UMR 7504, CNRS, 67200, Strasbourg, France.,Present address: Université de Genève, Département de Chimie Physique, 1211, Genève, France
| | - Guillaume Barnoin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Steve Vincent
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Benoît Y Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Jérémie Leonard
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Physique et Chimie, des Matériaux de Strasbourg and Labex NIE, UMR 7504, CNRS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Burger
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice cedex 2, France
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10
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Hu Y, Xu C, Ye L, Gu FL, Zhu C. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation for the ultrafast photoisomerization of dMe-OMe-NAIP based on TDDFT on-the-fly potential energy surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5236-5243. [PMID: 33629668 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global switching on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping molecular dynamics simulation was performed on the accurate TD-B3LYP/6-31G* potential energy surfaces for E-to-Z and Z-to-E photoisomerization of dMe-OMe-NAIP up to S1(ππ*) excitation. The present TD(DFT) simulation provides accurate calculation for conical intersections between the first-excited and ground states. Thus, simulated quantum yield and lifetime of 0.23 and 620 fs (0.15 and 600 fs) for E-to-Z (Z-to-E) isomerization are in good (relatively good) agreement with experimental observation of 0.25 and 480 fs (0.24 and 430 fs), respectively. Simulated results reveal that photoisomerization pathways are initially uphill to conical intersection zones on the S1 potential energy surface and then downhill to product zones. Three types of representative conical intersections are found for determining photoisomerization mechanisms: one is the rotation type responsible for reactive isomerization and the other two are close to E and Z configurations, respectively, only for nonreactive isomerization. The present conclusions can be held in general for similar large NAIP systems of photoinduced isomerization based on E and Z configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China.
| | - Linfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China. and Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China. and Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. and Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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11
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Smolobochkin AV, Gazizov AS, Urgenishbay NM, Melyashova AS, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA. Synthesis of (E)-4-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-based pyrrolinium salts. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Marazzi M, Francés-Monerris A, Mourer M, Pasc A, Monari A. Trans-to-cis photoisomerization of cyclocurcumin in different environments rationalized by computational photochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4749-4757. [PMID: 32057038 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06565b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclocurcumin is a turmeric component that has attracted much less attention compared to the well-known curcumin. In spite of the less deep characterization of its properties, cyclocurcumin has shown promising anticancer effects when used in combination with curcumin. Especially, due to its peculiar molecular structure, cyclocurcumin can be regarded as an almost ideal photoswitch, whose capabilities can also be exploited for relevant biological applications. Here, by means of state-of-the-art computational methods for electronic excited-state calculations (TD-DFT, MS-CASPT2, and XMS-CASPT2), we analyze in detail the absorption and photoisomerization pathways leading from the more stable trans isomer to the cis one. The different molecular surroundings, taken into account by means of the electrostatic solvent effect and compared with available experimental data, have been found to be critical in describing the fate of irradiated cyclocurcumin: when in non-polar environments, an excited state barrier prevents photoisomerization and favours fluorescence, whereas in polar solvents, an almost barrierless path results in a striking decrease of fluorescence, opening the way toward a crossing region with the ground state and thus funneling the photoproduction of the cis isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marazzi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33, 600, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. and Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Rio" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33, 600, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Francés-Monerris
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR-7019, F-5400 Nancy, France. and Departement de Quimica Fisica, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maxime Mourer
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, L2CM UMR 7053, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Andreea Pasc
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, L2CM UMR 7053, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR-7019, F-5400 Nancy, France.
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13
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Gueye M, Paolino M, Gindensperger E, Haacke S, Olivucci M, Léonard J. Vibrational coherence and quantum yield of retinal-chromophore-inspired molecular switches. Faraday Discuss 2020; 221:299-321. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV-Vis transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is used to carry out a systematic investigation of the ultrafast CC double photoisomerization dynamics and quantum yield of each isomer of a set of six chromophores based on the same retinal-inspired, indanylidene pyrrolinium (IP) molecular framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Gueye
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- F-67034 Strasbourg
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie
- Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Siena
- I-53100 Siena
- Italy
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique
- Institut de Chimie
- UMR 7177
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- F-67034 Strasbourg
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie
- Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Siena
- I-53100 Siena
- Italy
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- F-67034 Strasbourg
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14
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Schapiro I, Gueye M, Paolino M, Fusi S, Marchand G, Haacke S, Martin ME, Huntress M, Vysotskiy VP, Veryazov V, Léonard J, Olivucci M. Synthesis, spectroscopy and QM/MM simulations of a biomimetic ultrafast light-driven molecular motor. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2259-2269. [PMID: 31347633 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00223e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecular motor potentially performing a continuous unidirectional rotation is studied by a multidisciplinary approach including organic synthesis, transient spectroscopy and excited state trajectory calculations. A stereogenic center was introduced in the N-alkylated indanylidene-pyrroline Schiff base framework of a previously investigated light-driven molecular switch in order to achieve the unidirectional C[double bond, length as m-dash]C rotary motion typical of Feringa's motor. Here we report that the specific substitution pattern of the designed chiral molecule must critically determine the unidirectional efficiency of the light-induced rotary motion. More specifically, we find that a stereogenic center containing a methyl group and a hydrogen atom as substituents does not create a differential steric effect large enough to fully direct the motion in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction especially along the E→Z coordinate. However, due to the documented ultrafast character and electronic circular dichroism activity of the investigated system, we find that it provides the basis for development of a novel generation of rotary motors with a biomimetic framework and operating on a picosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Schapiro
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 23 du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Moussa Gueye
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 23 du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologia, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologia, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Gabriel Marchand
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 23 du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 23 du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Elena Martin
- Area de Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas sn, E-06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Mark Huntress
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green Ohio 43403, USA
| | - Victor P Vysotskiy
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Valera Veryazov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 23 du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologia, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy. and Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green Ohio 43403, USA
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15
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Agathangelou D, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Del Carmen Marín M, Roy PP, Brazard J, Kandori H, Jung KH, Léonard J, Buckup T, Ferré N, Olivucci M, Haacke S. Effect of point mutations on the ultrafast photo-isomerization of Anabaena sensory rhodopsin. Faraday Discuss 2019; 207:55-75. [PMID: 29388996 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anabaena sensory rhodopsin (ASR) is a particular microbial retinal protein for which light-adaptation leads to the ability to bind both the all-trans, 15-anti (AT) and the 13-cis, 15-syn (13C) isomers of the protonated Schiff base of retinal (PSBR). In the context of obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which retinal proteins catalyse the PSBR photo-isomerization reaction, ASR is a model system allowing to study, within the same protein, the protein-PSBR interactions for two different PSBR conformers at the same time. A detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra of AT and 13C, and their photo-products in wild-type ASR obtained through femtosecond (pump-) four-wave-mixing is reported for the first time, and compared to bacterio- and channelrhodopsin. As part of an extensive study of ASR mutants with blue-shifted absorption spectra, we present here a detailed computational analysis of the origin of the mutation-induced blue-shift of the absorption spectra, and identify electrostatic interactions as dominating steric effects that would entail a red-shift. The excited state lifetimes and isomerization reaction times (IRT) for the three mutants V112N, W76F, and L83Q are studied experimentally by femtosecond broadband transient absorption spectroscopy. Interestingly, in all three mutants, isomerization is accelerated for AT with respect to wild-type ASR, and this the more, the shorter the wavelength of maximum absorption. On the contrary, the 13C photo-reaction is slightly slowed down, leading to an inversion of the ESLs of AT and 13C, with respect to wt-ASR, in the blue-most absorbing mutant L83Q. Possible mechanisms for these mutation effects, and their steric and electrostatic origins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Agathangelou
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Inst. de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 67034 Strasbourg, France.
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16
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Pagano K, Paolino M, Fusi S, Zanirato V, Trapella C, Giuliani G, Cappelli A, Zanzoni S, Molinari H, Ragona L, Olivucci M. Bile Acid Binding Protein Functionalization Leads to a Fully Synthetic Rhodopsin Mimic. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2235-2243. [PMID: 30995409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhodopsins are photoreceptive proteins using light to drive a plethora of biological functions such as vision, proton and ion pumping, cation and anion channeling, and gene and enzyme regulation. Here we combine organic synthesis, NMR structural studies, and photochemical characterization to show that it is possible to prepare a fully synthetic mimic of rhodopsin photoreceptors. More specifically, we conjugate a bile acid binding protein with a synthetic mimic of the rhodopsin protonated Schiff base chromophore to achieve a covalent complex featuring an unnatural protein host, photoswitch, and photoswitch-protein linkage with a reverse orientation. We show that, in spite of its molecular-level diversity, light irradiation of the prepared mimic fuels a photochromic cycle driven by sequential photochemical and thermal Z/E isomerizations reminiscent of the photocycles of microbial rhodopsins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuscia Pagano
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR , Via A. Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | | | | | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Serena Zanzoni
- Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche , Università di Verona , Strada Le Grazie , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | - Henriette Molinari
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR , Via A. Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Laura Ragona
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR , Via A. Corti 12 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022) , Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
- Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
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17
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Wang J, Li C, Wong WL, Chow CF. Novel Iron-Based Polynuclear Metal Complexes [FeII(L)(CN)4]2–[FeIII(H2O)3Cl]2: Synthesis and Study of Photovoltaic Properties for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193518140094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Nazari M, Bösch CD, Rondi A, Francés-Monerris A, Marazzi M, Lognon E, Gazzetto M, Langenegger SM, Häner R, Feurer T, Monari A, Cannizzo A. Ultrafast dynamics in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: the key case of conical intersections at higher excited states and their role in the photophysics of phenanthrene monomer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16981-16988. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper interpretation of phenanthrene's and similar PAHs’ photocycle relies on two higher excited state relaxations due to the simultaneous presence of non-adiabatic and adiabatic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nazari
- Institute of Applied Physics
- University of Bern
- Switzerland
| | - C. D. Bösch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Switzerland
| | - A. Rondi
- Institute of Applied Physics
- University of Bern
- Switzerland
| | | | - M. Marazzi
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS
- Nancy
- France
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - E. Lognon
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS
- Nancy
- France
| | - M. Gazzetto
- Institute of Applied Physics
- University of Bern
- Switzerland
| | - S. M. Langenegger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Switzerland
| | - R. Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Switzerland
| | - T. Feurer
- Institute of Applied Physics
- University of Bern
- Switzerland
| | - A. Monari
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS
- Nancy
- France
| | - A. Cannizzo
- Institute of Applied Physics
- University of Bern
- Switzerland
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19
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Sifain AE, Gifford BJ, Gao DW, Lystrom L, Nelson TR, Tretiak S. NEXMD Modeling of Photoisomerization Dynamics of 4-Styrylquinoline. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9403-9411. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Sifain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0485, United States
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brendan J. Gifford
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - David W. Gao
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Los Alamos High School, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Levi Lystrom
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Tammie R. Nelson
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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20
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Miller RJD. Ultrafast imaging of photochemical dynamics: roadmap to a new conceptual basis for chemistry. Faraday Discuss 2018; 194:777-828. [PMID: 27991637 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Dwayne Miller
- The Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chausse 149, Hamburg 22607, Germany. and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario L5G 3J6, Canada
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21
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Vibrational coherence transfer in the ultrafast intersystem crossing of a diplatinum complex in solution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6396-E6403. [PMID: 29941568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719899115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the ultrafast transient absorption response of tetrakis(μ-pyrophosphito)diplatinate(II), [Pt2(μ-P2O5H2)4]4- [hereafter abbreviated Pt(pop)], in acetonitrile upon excitation of its lowest singlet 1A2u state. Compared with previously reported solvents [van der Veen RM, Cannizzo A, van Mourik F, Vlček A, Jr, Chergui M (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:305-315], a significant shortening of the intersystem crossing (ISC) time (<1 ps) from the lowest singlet to the lowest triplet state is found, allowing for a transfer of vibrational coherence, observed in the course of an ISC in a polyatomic molecule in solution. Density functional theory (DFT) quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations of Pt(pop) in acetonitrile and ethanol show that high-lying, mostly triplet, states are strongly mixed and shifted to lower energies due to interactions with the solvent, providing an intermediate state (or manifold of states) for the ISC. This suggests that the larger the solvation energies of the intermediate state(s), the shorter the ISC time. Because the latter is smaller than the pure dephasing time of the vibrational wave packet, coherence is conserved during the spin transition. These results underscore the crucial role of the solvent in directing pathways of intramolecular energy flow.
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22
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Abstract
The field of synthetic molecular machines has quickly evolved in recent years, growing from a fundamental curiosity to a highly active field of chemistry. Many different applications are being explored in areas such as catalysis, self-assembled and nanostructured materials, and molecular electronics. Rotary molecular motors hold great promise for achieving dynamic control of molecular functions as well as for powering nanoscale devices. However, for these motors to reach their full potential, many challenges still need to be addressed. In this paper we focus on the design principles of rotary motors featuring a double-bond axle and discuss the major challenges that are ahead of us. Although great progress has been made, further design improvements, for example in terms of efficiency, energy input, and environmental adaptability, will be crucial to fully exploit the opportunities that these rotary motors offer.
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23
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Segarra-Martí J, Zvereva E, Marazzi M, Brazard J, Dumont E, Assfeld X, Haacke S, Garavelli M, Monari A, Léonard J, Rivalta I. Resolving the Singlet Excited State Manifold of Benzophenone by First-Principles Simulations and Ultrafast Spectroscopy. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2570-2585. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Segarra-Martí
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Elena Zvereva
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, 54000, Nancy, France
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific CentreRussian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Johanna Brazard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg and Labex NIE, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Dumont
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Xavier Assfeld
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg and Labex NIE, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg and Labex NIE, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ivan Rivalta
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F-69342, Lyon, France
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24
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Skilitsi AI, Agathangelou D, Shulov I, Conyard J, Haacke S, Mély Y, Klymchenko A, Léonard J. Ultrafast photophysics of the environment-sensitive 4'-methoxy-3-hydroxyflavone fluorescent dye. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7885-7895. [PMID: 29509200 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives results in a fluorescence spectrum composed of two emission bands, the relative intensity of which is strongly influenced by the interaction with the local environment. We use time-resolved fluorescence and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopies to investigate the photophysics of 4'-methoxy-3-hydroxyflavone in different solvents characterized by various polarities and hydrogen (H) bonding capabilities. We evidence that in this compound, the ESIPT reaction rate varies by more than 3 orders of magnitude, depending on the H-bonding capability of its local environment. This remarkable property is attributed to the moderate electron-donating strength of the 4'-methoxy substituent, and turns this fluorescent dye into a very promising fluorescent probe of biomolecular structures and interactions, where local structural heterogeneity may possibly be revealed by resolving a distribution of ESIPT reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ioanna Skilitsi
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, & Labex NIE CNRS Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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25
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Hamdi I, Buntinx G, Poizat O, Perrier A, Le Bras L, Delbaere S, Barrau S, Louati M, Takeshita M, Tokushige K, Takao M, Aloïse S. Excited-State Dynamics of Dithienylethenes Functionalized for Self-Supramolecular Assembly. J Phys Chem A 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Hamdi
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - G. Buntinx
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - O. Poizat
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A. Perrier
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - L. Le Bras
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S. Delbaere
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - S. Barrau
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - M. Louati
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - M. Takeshita
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - K. Tokushige
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - M. Takao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - S. Aloïse
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
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26
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Gueye M, Manathunga M, Agathangelou D, Orozco Y, Paolino M, Fusi S, Haacke S, Olivucci M, Léonard J. Engineering the vibrational coherence of vision into a synthetic molecular device. Nat Commun 2018; 9:313. [PMID: 29358689 PMCID: PMC5778125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02668-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-induced double-bond isomerization of the visual pigment rhodopsin operates a molecular-level optomechanical energy transduction, which triggers a crucial protein structure change. In fact, rhodopsin isomerization occurs according to a unique, ultrafast mechanism that preserves mode-specific vibrational coherence all the way from the reactant excited state to the primary photoproduct ground state. The engineering of such an energy-funnelling function in synthetic compounds would pave the way towards biomimetic molecular machines capable of achieving optimum light-to-mechanical energy conversion. Here we use resonance and off-resonance vibrational coherence spectroscopy to demonstrate that a rhodopsin-like isomerization operates in a biomimetic molecular switch in solution. Furthermore, by using quantum chemical simulations, we show why the observed coherent nuclear motion critically depends on minor chemical modifications capable to induce specific geometric and electronic effects. This finding provides a strategy for engineering vibrationally coherent motions in other synthetic systems. The ultrafast, vibrationally coherent photoisomerization of rhodopsin is a model of efficient photomechanical energy conversion at the molecular scale. Here, the authors demonstrate a similar photoreaction in synthetic compounds, unraveling the underlying mechanism and discussing its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Gueye
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Madushanka Manathunga
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Damianos Agathangelou
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yoelvis Orozco
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France. .,Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA. .,Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67034, Strasbourg, France.
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27
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Kayal S, Roy K, Umapathy S. Femtosecond coherent nuclear dynamics of excited tetraphenylethylene: Ultrafast transient absorption and ultrafast Raman loss spectroscopic studies. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:024301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5008726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Kayal
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Khokan Roy
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Siva Umapathy
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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28
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Conyard J, Heisler IA, Chan Y, Bulman Page PC, Meech SR, Blancafort L. A new twist in the photophysics of the GFP chromophore: a volume-conserving molecular torsion couple. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1803-1812. [PMID: 29675225 PMCID: PMC5892128 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamics of a nonplanar GFP chromophore are studied experimentally and theoretically. Coupled torsional motion is responsible for the ultrafast decay.
The simple structure of the chromophore of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), a phenol and an imidazolone ring linked by a methyne bridge, supports an exceptionally diverse range of excited state phenomena. Here we describe experimentally and theoretically the photochemistry of a novel sterically crowded nonplanar derivative of the GFP chromophore. It undergoes an excited state isomerization reaction accompanied by an exceptionally fast (sub 100 fs) excited state decay. The decay dynamics are essentially independent of solvent polarity and viscosity. Excited state structural dynamics are probed by high level quantum chemical calculations revealing that the fast decay is due to a conical intersection characterized by a twist of the rings and pyramidalization of the methyne bridge carbon. The intersection can be accessed without a barrier from the pre-twisted Franck–Condon structure, and the lack of viscosity dependence is due to the fact that the rings twist in the same direction, giving rise to a volume-conserving decay coordinate. Moreover, the rotation of the phenyl, methyl and imidazolone groups is coupled in the sterically crowded structure, with the methyl group translating the rotation of one ring to the next. As a consequence, the excited state dynamics can be viewed as a torsional couple, where the absorbed photon energy leads to conversion of the out-of-plane orientation from one ring to the other in a volume conserving fashion. A similar modification of the range of methyne dyes may provide a new family of devices for molecular machines, specifically torsional couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Conyard
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7TJ , UK .
| | - Ismael A Heisler
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7TJ , UK .
| | - Yohan Chan
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7TJ , UK .
| | - Philip C Bulman Page
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7TJ , UK .
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7TJ , UK .
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi , Departament de Química , Facultat de Ciències , Universitat de Girona , C/ M. A. Capmany 69 , 17003 Girona , Spain .
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29
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Lawson Daku LM. Spin-state dependence of the structural and vibrational properties of solvated iron(ii) polypyridyl complexes from AIMD simulations: aqueous [Fe(bpy)3]Cl2, a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6236-6253. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07862e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
LS and HS IR spectra of aqueous [Fe(bpy)3]2+ and corresponding HS–LS difference IR spectrum as obtained from state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics simulations applied to the determination of the structural and vibrational properties of the solvated complex.
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30
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Zvereva E, Segarra-Martí J, Marazzi M, Brazard J, Nenov A, Weingart O, Léonard J, Garavelli M, Rivalta I, Dumont E, Assfeld X, Haacke S, Monari A. The effect of solvent relaxation in the ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy of solvated benzophenone. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:323-331. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00439g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Modeling time-resolved spectra to unravel ultra fast solvent reorganization.
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31
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Demchenko AP, Tomin VI, Chou PT. Breaking the Kasha Rule for More Efficient Photochemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13353-13381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Demchenko
- Palladin
Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I. Tomin
- Institute
of Physics, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, ul. Arciszewskiego, 22b, Słupsk 76-200, Poland
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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32
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Demoulin B, Altavilla SF, Rivalta I, Garavelli M. Fine Tuning of Retinal Photoinduced Decay in Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4407-4412. [PMID: 28853582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single methylation at position C10 of the all-trans retinal protonated Schiff base switches its excited-state decay in methanol from a slower picosecond into an ultrafast, protein-like subpicosecond process. QM/MM modeling in conjunction with on-the-fly excited-state dynamics provides fundamental understanding of the fine-tuning mechanics that "catalyzes" the photoinduced decay of solvated retinals. Methylation alters the interplay between the ionic S1 and covalent S2 states, reducing the excited-state lifetime by favoring the formation of a S1 transient fluorescent state with fully inverted bond lengths that accounts for the recorded transient spectroscopy and from which a space-saving conical intersection seam is quickly (<1 ps) reached. Minimal and apparently innocent chemical modifications thus affect the characteristic intramolecular charge-transfer of the S1 state as well as the interaction with the covalent S2 excited state, eventually providing the high tunability of retinal photophysics and photochemistry and delivering a new concept for the rational design of retinal-based photoactive molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Demoulin
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Salvatore Flavio Altavilla
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna , V. F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Rivalta
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna , V. F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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33
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Consani C, Berberich M, Würthner F, Brixner T. Ultrafast isomerization in a difluoroboryl-coordinated molecular switch. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Conservation of vibrational coherence in ultrafast electronic relaxation: The case of diplatinum complexes in solution. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Su Q, Li Y, Wang B, Liu M, Wang H, Wang W, Liu F. Combining the Advantages of Alkene and Azo E-Z Photoisomerizations: Mechanistic Insights into Ketoimine Photoswitches. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2588-2596. [PMID: 28301930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We carried out CASPT2//(TD)DFT and CASPT2//CASSCF studies on the working mechanism of imine switches, including a camphorquinone-derived ketoimine (shortened as k-Imine) switch designed by Lehn as well as a model camphorquinone alkene-imine (a-Imine) proposed in this study. Under the experimental conditions (light irradiation with 455 and 365 nm for E and Z, respectively), k-Imine is excited to the S1:(nN,π*) state and then decays toward a perpendicular intermediate following the C═N bond rotation coordinate. During the bond rotation, a mild energy barrier caused by the strong interaction of S1:(nN,π*) and S2:(nO,π*) states will more or less slow down the rotation speed of k-Imine. The large difference in irradiation light wavelength supports k-Imine as a two-way photoswitch. The photoisomerization of a-Imine obeys a similar but fully barrierless pattern while requiring a higher excitation energy to reach the (nN,π*) state. The good directionality of thermal isomerization toward E(a-Imine), plus the barrierless photoisomerization, allows for the design of a thermal and photo-operated switch. For both imines, a minimal-energy crossing point (MECI) located at the perpendicular region, with low relative energy and close to the rotary path, ensures the directionality of C═N bond rotation and confirms imines as optimal candidates for photoswitches and motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Su
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanying Li
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
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36
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Roy K, Kayal S, Ariese F, Beeby A, Umapathy S. Mode specific excited state dynamics study of bis(phenylethynyl)benzene from ultrafast Raman loss spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:064303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4975174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khokan Roy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Surajit Kayal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Freek Ariese
- On leave from LaserLaB, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Siva Umapathy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- On leave from LaserLaB, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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37
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Paolino M, Gueye M, Pieri E, Manathunga M, Fusi S, Cappelli A, Latterini L, Pannacci D, Filatov M, Léonard J, Olivucci M. Design, Synthesis, and Dynamics of a Green Fluorescent Protein Fluorophore Mimic with an Ultrafast Switching Function. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9807-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica
e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Moussa Gueye
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisa Pieri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica
e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Madushanka Manathunga
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio, United States
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica
e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica
e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Pannacci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael Filatov
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, Strasbourg, France
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica
e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio, United States
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies, 5, allée du Général
Rouvillois F-67083 Strasbourg, France
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38
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García-Iriepa C, Ernst HA, Liang Y, Unterreiner AN, Frutos LM, Sampedro D. Study of Model Systems for Bilirubin and Bilin Chromophores: Determination and Modification of Thermal and Photochemical Properties. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6292-302. [PMID: 27391671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bilin chromophores and bilirubin are involved in relevant biological functions such as light perception in plants and as protective agents against Alzheimer and other diseases. Despite their extensive use, a deep rationalization of the main factors controlling the thermal and photochemical properties has not been performed yet, which in turn hampers further applications of these versatile molecules. In an effort to understand those factors and allow control of the relevant properties, a combined experimental and computational study has been carried out for diverse model systems to understand the interconversion between Z and E isomers. In this study, we have demonstrated the crucial role of steric hindrance and hydrogen-bond interactions in thermal stability and the ability to control them by designing novel compounds. We also determined several photochemical properties and studied the photodynamics of two model systems in more detail, observing a fast relaxation of the excited state shorter than 2 ps in both cases. Finally, the computational study allowed us to rationalize the experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Iriepa
- Unidad Docente de Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hanna A Ernst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Luis Manuel Frutos
- Unidad Docente de Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja , Madre de Dios 53, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
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39
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Bonvicini A, Demoulin B, Altavilla SF, Nenov A, El-Tahawy MMT, Segarra-Martí J, Giussani A, Batista VS, Garavelli M, Rivalta I. Ultraviolet vision: photophysical properties of the unprotonated retinyl Schiff base in the Siberian hamster cone pigment. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Yi J, Xiong Y, Cheng K, Li M, Chu G, Pu X, Xu T. A Combination of Chemometrics and Quantum Mechanics Methods Applied to Analysis of Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectrum of Ortho-Nitroaniline. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19364. [PMID: 26781083 PMCID: PMC4726040 DOI: 10.1038/srep19364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of the advanced chemometrics method with quantum mechanics calculation was for the first time applied to explore a facile yet efficient analysis strategy to thoroughly resolve femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of ortho-nitroaniline (ONA), served as a model compound of important nitroaromatics and explosives. The result revealed that the ONA molecule is primarily excited to S3 excited state from the ground state and then ultrafast relaxes to S2 state. The internal conversion from S2 to S1 occurs within 0.9 ps. One intermediate state S* was identified in the intersystem crossing (ISC) process, which is different from the specific upper triplet receiver state proposed in some other nitroaromatics systems. The S1 state decays to the S* one within 6.4 ps and then intersystem crossing to the lowest triplet state within 19.6 ps. T1 was estimated to have a lifetime up to 2 ns. The relatively long S* state and very long-lived T1 one should play a vital role as precursors to various nitroaromatic and explosive photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Institute of Chemical Material, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Kemei Cheng
- Institute of Chemical Material, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Genbai Chu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute of Chemical Material, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
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41
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Nikiforov A, Gamez JA, Thiel W, Filatov M. Computational Design of a Family of Light-Driven Rotary Molecular Motors with Improved Quantum Efficiency. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:105-10. [PMID: 26670164 PMCID: PMC4707559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two new light-driven molecular rotary motors based on the N-alkylated indanylidene benzopyrrole frameworks are proposed and studied using quantum chemical calculations and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. These new motors perform pure axial rotation, and the photochemical steps of the rotary cycle are dominated by the fast bond-length-alternation motion that enables ultrafast access to the S1/S0 intersection. The new motors are predicted to display a quantum efficiency higher than that of the currently available synthetic all-hydrocarbon motors. Remarkably, the quantum efficiency is not governed by the topography (peaked versus sloped) of the minimum-energy conical intersection, whereas the S1 decay time depends on the topography as well as on the energy of the intersection relative to the S1 minimum. It is the axial chirality (helicity), rather than the point chirality, that controls the sense of rotation of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nikiforov
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jose A. Gamez
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Filatov
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
- Department of Chemistry, School
of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute
of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
- E-mail:
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42
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Liu L, Duchanois T, Etienne T, Monari A, Beley M, Assfeld X, Haacke S, Gros PC. A new record excited state 3MLCT lifetime for metalorganic iron(ii) complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12550-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 3MLCT lifetime of iron complexes was pushed to a record lifetime of 26 ps using a new benzimidazolylidene-based C∧N∧C ligand opening up new perspectives on the way of applying such complexes to photoelectrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- IPCMS & Labex NIE
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - Thibaut Duchanois
- Université de Lorraine–Nancy & CNRS
- HecRIn
- SRSMC
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy
- France
| | - Thibaud Etienne
- Université de Lorraine–Nancy & CNRS
- TMS
- SRSMC
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy
- France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine–Nancy & CNRS
- TMS
- SRSMC
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy
- France
| | - Marc Beley
- Université de Lorraine–Nancy & CNRS
- HecRIn
- SRSMC
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy
- France
| | - Xavier Assfeld
- Université de Lorraine–Nancy & CNRS
- TMS
- SRSMC
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy
- France
| | - Stefan Haacke
- IPCMS & Labex NIE
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - Philippe C. Gros
- Université de Lorraine–Nancy & CNRS
- HecRIn
- SRSMC
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy
- France
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43
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Liu L, Eisenbrandt P, Roland T, Polkehn M, Schwartz PO, Bruchlos K, Omiecienski B, Ludwigs S, Leclerc N, Zaborova E, Léonard J, Méry S, Burghardt I, Haacke S. Controlling charge separation and recombination by chemical design in donor–acceptor dyads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18536-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00644b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated donor–acceptor block co-oligomers that self-organize into D–A mesomorphic arrays have raised increasing interest due to their potential applications in organic solar cells.
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44
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García-Iriepa C, Gueye M, Léonard J, Martínez-López D, Campos PJ, Frutos LM, Sampedro D, Marazzi M. A biomimetic molecular switch at work: coupling photoisomerization dynamics to peptide structural rearrangement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6742-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07599h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental and computational study of a peptide-linked retinal-like molecular switch shows the effects on photoreactivity and the α-helix structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Iriepa
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja
- E-26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - Moussa Gueye
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE
- Université de Strasbourg
- Strasbourg 67034
- France
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE
- Université de Strasbourg
- Strasbourg 67034
- France
| | - David Martínez-López
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja
- E-26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - Pedro J. Campos
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja
- E-26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | | | - Diego Sampedro
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja
- E-26006 Logroño
- Spain
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Department of Theoretical Chemical Biology
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- KIT
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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45
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Dunkelberger AD, Kieda RD, Marsh BM, Crim FF. Picosecond Dynamics of Avobenzone in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6155-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Dunkelberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ryan D. Kieda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brett M. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - F. Fleming Crim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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46
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Ruetzel S, Diekmann M, Nuernberger P, Walter C, Engels B, Brixner T. Photoisomerization among ring-open merocyanines. I. Reaction dynamics and wave-packet oscillations induced by tunable femtosecond pulses. J Chem Phys 2015; 140:224310. [PMID: 24929391 DOI: 10.1063/1.4881258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon ultraviolet excitation, photochromic spiropyran compounds can be converted by a ring-opening reaction into merocyanine molecules, which in turn can form several isomers differing by cis and trans configurations in the methine bridge. Whereas the spiropyran-merocyanine conversion reaction of the nitro-substituted indolinobenzopyran 6-nitro-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indoline] (6-nitro BIPS) has been studied extensively in theory and experiments, little is known about photoisomerization among the merocyanine isomers. In this article, we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with variable excitation wavelengths to investigate the excited-state dynamics of the merocyanine in acetonitrile at room temperature, where exclusively the trans-trans-cis (TTC) and trans-trans-trans (TTT) isomers contribute. No photochemical ring-closure pathways exist for the two isomers. Instead, we found that (18±4)% of excited TTC isomers undergo an ultrafast excited-state cis→trans photoisomerization to TTT within 200 fs, while the excited-state lifetime of TTC molecules that do not isomerize is 35 ps. No photoisomerization was detected for the TTT isomer, which relaxes to the ground state with a lifetime of roughly 160 ps. Moreover, signal oscillations at 170 cm(-1) and 360 cm(-1) were observed, which can be ascribed to excited-state wave-packet dynamics occurring in the course of the TTC→TTT isomerization. The results of high-level time-dependent density functional theory in conjunction with polarizable continuum models are presented in the subsequent article [C. Walter, S. Ruetzel, M. Diekmann, P. Nuernberger, T. Brixner, and B. Engels, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 224311 (2014)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ruetzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meike Diekmann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christof Walter
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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47
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Duchanois T, Etienne T, Cebrián C, Liu L, Monari A, Beley M, Assfeld X, Haacke S, Gros PC. An Iron-Based Photosensitizer with Extended Excited-State Lifetime: Photophysical and Photovoltaic Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Schnedermann C, Liebel M, Kukura P. Mode-Specificity of Vibrationally Coherent Internal Conversion in Rhodopsin during the Primary Visual Event. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2886-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508941k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Physical
and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Matz Liebel
- Physical
and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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49
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Marchand G, Eng J, Schapiro I, Valentini A, Frutos LM, Pieri E, Olivucci M, Léonard J, Gindensperger E. Directionality of Double-Bond Photoisomerization Dynamics Induced by a Single Stereogenic Center. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:599-604. [PMID: 26262473 DOI: 10.1021/jz502644h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In light-driven single-molecule rotary motors, the photoisomerization of a double bond converts light energy into the rotation of a moiety (the rotor) with respect to another (the stator). However, at the level of a molecular population, an effective rotary motion can only be achieved if a large majority of the rotors rotate in the same, specific direction. Here we present a quantitative investigation of the directionality (clockwise vs counterclockwise) induced by a single stereogenic center placed in allylic position with respect to the reactive double bond of a model of the biomimetic indanylidene-pyrrolinium framework. By computing ensembles of nonadiabatic trajectories at 300 K, we predict that the photoisomerization is >70% unidirectional for the Z → E and E → Z conversions. Most importantly, we show that such directionality, resulting from the asymmetry of the excited state force field, can still be observed in the presence of a small (ca. 2°) pretwist or helicity of the reactive double bond. This questions the validity of the conjecture that a significant double-bond pretwist (e.g., >10°) in the ground state equilibrium structure of synthetic or natural rotary motors would be required for unidirectional motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Marchand
- ‡Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67008, France
| | - Julien Eng
- ‡Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67008, France
| | | | - Alessio Valentini
- §Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, 2, Siena 53100, Italy
- ⊥Unidad Docente de Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Frutos
- ⊥Unidad Docente de Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Pieri
- §Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- §Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, 2, Siena 53100, Italy
- ∥Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, 141 Overman Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | | | - Etienne Gindensperger
- ‡Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67008, France
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50
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Cheminal A, Léonard J, Kim SY, Jung KH, Kandori H, Haacke S. 100 fs photo-isomerization with vibrational coherences but low quantum yield in Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25429-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Counter-intuitive photochemistry: in Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin, the retinal 13-cis isomer isomerizes much faster than all-trans ASR, but with a 3-times lower quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Cheminal
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE
- Université de Strasbourg – CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE
- Université de Strasbourg – CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
| | - So-Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces
- Sogang University
- Mapo-Gu
- South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Jung
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces
- Sogang University
- Mapo-Gu
- South Korea
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Showa-ku
- Japan
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE
- Université de Strasbourg – CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg
- France
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