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Štěpánek P, Lantto P. Unexpected NMR shieldings of sp- and sp 2-hybridized carbon atoms in graphyne systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25513-25521. [PMID: 36254618 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03837d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphynes (GYs) are two-dimensional alloptropic forms of carbon consisting of periodically arranged sp- and sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in a planar structure. Graphynes can be formally created from graphene by inserting sp-hybridized carbon links into selected points of the graphene lattice. Depending on where the links are introduced, several forms of graphynes have been proposed with properties that make them potential candidates for new generation electronics or for applications in chemical processes. Since the applications of each form of GY depend on its structure, it is of interest to experimentally distinguish different forms of graphynes. In this paper we propose nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a potential method of choice for such distinction. We computationally investigate on the DFT level the 13C-NMR chemical shifts for α-, β-, γ-, rhombic, and 6,6,12-graphynes, and α- and γ-graphdiynes. We perform the calculations both in periodic systems and with approximate finite models. The results show that NMR chemical shifts in graphynes are dependent on the structure and reflect the local bonding around the carbon nucleus. Interestingly, NMR shifts of several graphynes show anomalous values, differing significantly from shifts found in typical sp2-hybridized systems. We analyze these results in terms of local structural parameters and qualitatively investigate the possible origins of these anomalous NMR shifts. The results show that NMR is a viable method for determining the structure of graphynes and their finite precursor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Štěpánek
- NMR Research unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Perttu Lantto
- NMR Research unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland.
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2
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Chan SC, Cheng YL, Chang BK, Hong CW. DFT calculation in design of near-infrared absorbing nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:1580-1589. [PMID: 34942640 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04572e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The near-infrared light (NIR) absorption of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) containing different N-doping sites is systematically investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functionals. The results show that the ultra-small HOMO-LUMO gaps (0.3-1.0 eV) of various N-doping structures (graphitic, amino, and pyridinic at center, and graphitic at edge) are attributed to the spin-polarization of the energy states, which effectively enhances the NIR absorption for NGQDs. Overall, the graphitic N-doping structure exhibits the best NIR absorption. Moreover, the electron attraction effect of the different N-sites is found to be crucial for the LUMO level, where stronger electron attraction lowers the LUMO energy. This work provides critical insight in further design of NGQDs for NIR absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chiao Chan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lin Cheng
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan.
| | - Bor Kae Chang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Wun Hong
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan.
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3
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Yeh CN, Wu C, Su H, Chai JD. Electronic properties of the coronene series from thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34350-34358. [PMID: 35548596 PMCID: PMC9087050 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To fully utilize the great potential of graphene in electronics, a comprehensive understanding of the electronic properties of finite-size graphene flakes is essential. While the coronene series with n fused benzene rings at each side (designated as n-coronenes) are possible structures for opening a band gap in graphene, their electronic properties are not yet fully understood. Nevertheless, because of their radical character, it remains very difficult to reliably predict the electronic properties of the larger n-coronenes with conventional computational approaches. In order to circumvent this, the various electronic properties of n-coronenes (n = 2-11) are investigated using thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT) [J.-D. Chai, J. Chem. Phys., 2012, 136, 154104], a very efficient electronic structure method for studying nanoscale systems with strong static correlation effects. The ground states of the larger n-coronenes are shown to be polyradical singlets, where the active orbitals are mainly localized at the zigzag edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Nan Yeh
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Can Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Republic of Singapore
| | - Haibin Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
| | - Jeng-Da Chai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Center for Theoretical Physics, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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Helgaker T, Jaszuński M, Świder P. Calculation of NMR Spin–Spin Coupling Constants in Strychnine. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11496-11500. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trygve Helgaker
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michał Jaszuński
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paweł Świder
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
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Vishnyakova E, Brinson BE, Alemany LB, Verma M, Billups WE. Structural Characteristics and Properties of a New Graphitic‐Based Material. Chemistry 2016; 22:1452-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vishnyakova
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Bruce E. Brinson
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Lawrence B. Alemany
- Department of Chemistry Shared Equipment Authority Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Manjusha Verma
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - W. Edward Billups
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
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Rossi TP, Lehtola S, Sakko A, Puska MJ, Nieminen RM. Nanoplasmonics simulations at the basis set limit through completeness-optimized, local numerical basis sets. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:094114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas P. Rossi
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Susi Lehtola
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Arto Sakko
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Martti J. Puska
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Risto M. Nieminen
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Dean’s Office, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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Lehtola S. Automatic algorithms for completeness-optimization of Gaussian basis sets. J Comput Chem 2014; 36:335-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Physics; University of Helsinki; P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki Finland
- Department of Applied Physics; COMP Center of Excellence; P. O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto Finland
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Özcan N, Vähäkangas J, Lantto P, Vaara J. Characteristic Spectral Patterns in the Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Hexagonal and Crenellated Graphene Fragments. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:1799-808. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vaara J, Hanni M, Jokisaari J. Nuclear spin-spin coupling in a van der Waals-bonded system: Xenon dimer. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:104313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4793745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Lehtola S, Manninen P, Hakala M, Hämäläinen K. Contraction of completeness-optimized basis sets: Application to ground-state electron momentum densities. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:044109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4788635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Vähäkangas J, Ikäläinen S, Lantto P, Vaara J. Nuclear magnetic resonance predictions for graphenes: concentric finite models and extrapolation to large systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4634-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44631j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Jaszuński M, Antušek A, Garbacz P, Jackowski K, Makulski W, Wilczek M. The determination of accurate nuclear magnetic dipole moments and direct measurement of NMR shielding constants. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 67:49-63. [PMID: 23101589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Jaszuński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Lehtola J, Manninen P, Hakala M, Hämäläinen K. Completeness-optimized basis sets: Application to ground-state electron momentum densities. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:104105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4749272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Lehtola J, Hakala M, Sakko A, Hämäläinen K. ERKALE-A flexible program package for X-ray properties of atoms and molecules. J Comput Chem 2012; 33:1572-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Ikäläinen S, Lantto P, Vaara J. Fully Relativistic Calculations of Faraday and Nuclear Spin-Induced Optical Rotation in Xenon. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 8:91-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ct200636m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Ikäläinen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Lantto
- NMR Research Group, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Vaara
- NMR Research Group, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
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16
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Lantto P, Jackowski K, Makulski W, Olejniczak M, Jaszuński M. NMR Shielding Constants in PH3, Absolute Shielding Scale, and the Nuclear Magnetic Moment of 31P. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10617-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2052739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Lantto
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Karol Jackowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Michał Jaszuński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Fliegl H, Taubert S, Lehtonen O, Sundholm D. The gauge including magnetically induced current method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20500-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21812c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Ikäläinen S, Romalis MV, Lantto P, Vaara J. Chemical distinction by nuclear spin optical rotation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:153001. [PMID: 21230897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin optical rotation (NSOR) arising from the Faraday effect constitutes a novel, advantageous method for detection of nuclear magnetic resonance, provided that a distinction is seen between different chemical surroundings of magnetic nuclei. Efficient first-principles calculations for isolated water, ethanol, nitromethane, and urea molecules at standard laser wavelengths reveal a range of NSOR for different molecules and inequivalent nuclei, indicating the existence of an optical chemical shift. 1H results for H2O(l) are in excellent agreement with recent pioneering experiments. We also evaluate, for the same systems, the Verdet constants of Faraday rotation due to an external magnetic field. Calculations of NSOR in ethanol and a 11-cis-retinal protonated Schiff base imply an enhanced chemical distinction between chromophores at laser wavelengths approaching optical resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Ikäläinen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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First principles nuclear magnetic resonance signatures of graphene oxide. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:034502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3455715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Standara S, Maliňáková K, Marek R, Marek J, Hocek M, Vaara J, Straka M. Understanding the NMR chemical shifts for 6-halopurines: role of structure, solvent and relativistic effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:5126-39. [DOI: 10.1039/b921383j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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