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Hossain A, Bhattacharjee M, Ghorai K, Llorca J, Vasundhara M, Roy S, Bera P, Seikh MM, Gayen A. High activity in the dry reforming of methane using a thermally switchable double perovskite and in situ generated molecular level nanocomposite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5447-5465. [PMID: 38275155 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05494b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This work emphasizes the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction on citrate sol-gel-synthesized double perovskite oxides. Phase pure La2NiMnO6 shows very impressive DRM activity with H2/CO = 0.9, hence revealing a high prospect of next-generation catalysts. Although the starting double perovskite phase gets degraded into mostly binary oxide phases after a few hours of DRM activity, the activity continues up to 100 h. The regeneration of the original double perovskite out of decomposed phases by annealing at near synthesis temperature, followed by the spectacular retention of activity, is rather interesting and hitherto unreported. This result unravels unique reversible thermal switching between the original double perovskite phase and decomposed phases during DRM without compromising the activity and raises challenge to understand the role of decomposed phases evolved during DRM. We have addressed this unique feature of the catalyst via structure-property relationship using the in situ generated molecular level nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hossain
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Monotosh Bhattacharjee
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Kalyan Ghorai
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vasundhara
- Polymers and Functional Materials Department, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sounak Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Science and Technology Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Parthasarathi Bera
- Surface Engineering Division, CSIR - National Aerospace Laboratories, Bengaluru 560017, India
| | - Md Motin Seikh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India.
| | - Arup Gayen
- Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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2
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Yu X, Cheng Y, Li Y, Polo-Garzon F, Liu J, Mamontov E, Li M, Lennon D, Parker SF, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Wu Z. Neutron Scattering Studies of Heterogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37315192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural dynamics/evolution of catalysts and the related surface chemistry is essential for establishing structure-catalysis relationships, where spectroscopic and scattering tools play a crucial role. Among many such tools, neutron scattering, though less-known, has a unique power for investigating catalytic phenomena. Since neutrons interact with the nuclei of matter, the neutron-nucleon interaction provides unique information on light elements (mainly hydrogen), neighboring elements, and isotopes, which are complementary to X-ray and photon-based techniques. Neutron vibrational spectroscopy has been the most utilized neutron scattering approach for heterogeneous catalysis research by providing chemical information on surface/bulk species (mostly H-containing) and reaction chemistry. Neutron diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering can also supply important information on catalyst structures and dynamics of surface species. Other neutron approaches, such as small angle neutron scattering and neutron imaging, have been much less used but still give distinctive catalytic information. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in neutron scattering investigations of heterogeneous catalysis, focusing on surface adsorbates, reaction mechanisms, and catalyst structural changes revealed by neutron spectroscopy, diffraction, quasielastic neutron scattering, and other neutron techniques. Perspectives are also provided on the challenges and future opportunities in neutron scattering studies of heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbin Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Felipe Polo-Garzon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Jue Liu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Meijun Li
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Anibal J Ramirez-Cuesta
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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3
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Zachariou A, Hawkins AP, Howe RF, Skakle JMS, Barrow N, Collier P, Nye DW, Smith RI, Stenning GBG, Parker SF, Lennon D. Counting the Acid Sites in a Commercial ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 3:74-83. [PMID: 36718264 PMCID: PMC9881239 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the acid sites in a commercial ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst by a combination of spectroscopic and physical methods. The Brønsted acid sites in such catalysts are associated with the aluminum substituted into the zeolite lattice, which may not be identical to the total aluminum content of the zeolite. Inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy (INS) directly quantifies the concentrations of Brønsted acid protons, silanol groups, and hydroxyl groups associated with extra-framework aluminum species. The INS measurements show that ∼50% of the total aluminum content of this particular zeolite is extra framework, a conclusion supported by solid-state NMR and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) measurements. Evidence for the presence of extra-framework aluminum oxide species is also seen in neutron powder diffraction data from proton- and deuterium-exchanged samples. The differences between results from the different analytical methods are discussed, and the novelty of direct proton counting by INS in this typical commercial catalyst is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zachariou
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0FA, Oxon, U.K.
| | - Alexander P. Hawkins
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0FA, Oxon, U.K.
| | - Russell F. Howe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - Janet M. S. Skakle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.,Department
of Physics, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - Nathan Barrow
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading, BerkshireRG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Paul Collier
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading, BerkshireRG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Daniel W. Nye
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0QX, Oxon, U.K.
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0QX, Oxon, U.K.
| | | | - Stewart F. Parker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0FA, Oxon, U.K.,ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0QX, Oxon, U.K.,
| | - David Lennon
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,
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4
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Jones E, Inns DR, Dann SE, Silverwood IP, Kondrat SA. Characterisation of ethylene adsorption on model skeletal cobalt catalysts by inelastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5
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Understanding the Surface Characteristics of Biochar and Its Catalytic Activity for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar (BCR) was obtained from the pyrolysis of a palm-oil-empty fruit bunch at 773 K for 2 h and used as a catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol (GUA) as a bio-oil model compound. Brunauer–Emmet–Teller surface area analysis, NH3 and CO2-temperature-programmed desorption, scanning electron microscope–dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, CHN analysis and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that macroporous and mesoporous structures were formed in BCR with a co-presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites and acid–base behavior. A combination of infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) was carried out to achieve a complete vibrational assignment of BCR. The CH–OH ratio in BCR is ~5, showing that the hydroxyl functional groups are a minority species. There was no evidence for any aromatic C–H stretch modes in the infrared, but they are clearly seen in the INS and are the majority species, with a ratio of sp3–CH:sp2–CH of 1:1.3. The hydrogen bound to sp2–C is largely present as isolated C–H bonds, rather than adjacent C–H bonds. The Raman spectrum shows the characteristic G band (ideal graphitic lattice) and three D bands (disordered graphitic lattice, amorphous carbon, and defective graphitic lattice) of sp2 carbons. Adsorbed water in BCR is present as disordered layers on the surface rather than trapped in voids in the material and could be removed easily by drying prior to catalysis. Catalytic testing demonstrated that BCR was able to catalyze the HDO of GUA, yielding phenol and cresols as the major products. Phenol was produced both from the direct demethoxylation of GUA, as well as through the demethylation pathway via the formation of catechol as the intermediate followed by deoxygenation.
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6
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An Inelastic Neutron Scattering Investigation of the Temporal Behaviour of the Hydrocarbonaceous Overlayer of a Prototype Fischer-Tropsch to Olefins Catalyst. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA dual sodium and sulfur promoted haematite, representative of a candidate Fischer-Tropsch to olefins (FTO) catalyst, is prepared and contrasted with the performance of an unpromoted hematite sample in the ambient pressure CO hydrogenation reaction at 623 K as a function of time-on-stream (0–24 h). In-situ post-reaction temperature-programmed oxidation measurements show the carbon evolutionary phase of the catalyst conditioning process to be retarded for the FTO catalyst. Ex-situ inelastic neutron scattering measurements show the promoters perturb the formation of a previously described hydrocarbonaceous overlayer. Specifically, whilst the sp3 hybridised C–H modes of the hydrocarbonaceous overlayer are almost unaffected by the additives, the formation of the overlayer’s sp2 hybridised C–H modes are noticeably impeded. The results are discussed in terms of the Na/S promoters disturbing the formation of an ordered hydrocarbonaceous overlayer that is thought to constrain the supply of adsorbed hydrogen atoms, which favours the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbons associated with the FTO process.
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7
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Operando Neutron Scattering: Following Reactions in Real Time Using Neutrons. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Davidson AL, Gibson EK, Cibin G, van Rensburg H, Parker SF, Webb PB, Lennon D. The application of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate iron-based Fischer-Tropsch to olefins catalysis. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Lin L, Mei Q, Han X, Parker SF, Yang S. Investigations of Hydrocarbon Species on Solid Catalysts by Inelastic Neutron Scattering. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe status of surface species on solid catalysts during heterogeneous catalysis is often mysterious. Investigations of these surface species are crucial to deconvolute the reaction network and design more efficient catalysts. Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study the interactions between surface species and the catalysts and infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies have been widely applied to study reaction mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysis. However, IR/Raman spectra are difficult to model computationally and important vibrational modes may be IR-, Raman- (or both) inactive due to restrictions by optical selection rules. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is another form of vibrational spectroscopy and relies on the scattering of neutrons by the atomic nucleus. A consequence of this is that INS is not subject to any optical selection rules and all vibrations are measurable in principle. INS spectroscopy has been used to investigate surface species on catalysts in a wide range of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In this mini-review, we focus on applications of INS in two important fields: petrochemical reactions and C1 chemistry. We introduce the basic principles of the INS technique, followed by a discussion of its application in investigating two key catalytic systems: (i) the behaviour of hydrocarbons on metal-oxide and zeolite catalysts and (ii) the formation of hydrocarbonaceous species on methane reforming and Fischer–Tropsch catalysts. The power of INS in studying these important catalytic systems is demonstrated.
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10
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Terreni J, Billeter E, Sambalova O, Liu X, Trottmann M, Sterzi A, Geerlings H, Trtik P, Kaestner A, Borgschulte A. Hydrogen in methanol catalysts by neutron imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22979-22988. [PMID: 33030152 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03414b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although of pivotal importance in heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions, the amount of hydrogen on catalysts during reactions is seldom known. We demonstrate the use of neutron imaging to follow and quantify hydrogen containing species in Cu/ZnO catalysts operando during methanol synthesis. The steady-state measurements reveal that the amount of hydrogen containing intermediates is related to the reaction yields of CO and methanol, as expected from simple considerations of the likely reaction mechanism. The time-resolved measurements indicate that these intermediates, despite indispensable within the course of the reaction, slow down the overall reaction steps. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments indicate that hydrogen reduction of Cu/ZnO nano-composites modifies the catalyst in such a way that at operating temperatures, hydrogen is dynamically absorbed in the ZnO-nanoparticles. This explains the extraordinary good catalysis of copper if supported on ZnO by its ability to act as a hydrogen reservoir supplying hydrogen to the surface covered by CO2, intermediates, and products during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Terreni
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse, 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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McAllister M, Boulho C, Brennan C, Parker SF, Lennon D. Toward Sustained Product Formation in the Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Mandelonitrile over a Pd/C Catalyst. Org Process Res Dev 2020; 24:1112-1123. [PMID: 32587453 PMCID: PMC7309435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The liquid-phase hydrogenation of the aromatic cyanohydrin mandelonitrile (MN, C6H5CH(OH)CN) over a carbon-supported Pd catalyst to produce the primary amine phenethylamine (PEA, C6H5CH2CH2NH2) is investigated with respect to the transition from operation in single-batch mode to repeat-batch mode. While a single-batch reaction returns a complete mass balance, product analysis alongside mass balance measurements for a six-addition repeat-batch procedure shows an attenuation in the rate of product formation and an incomplete mass balance from the fourth addition onward. This scenario potentially hinders possible commercial operation of the phenethylamine synthesis process, so it is investigated further. With reference to a previously reported reaction scheme, the prospects of sustained catalytic performance are examined in terms of acid concentration, stirrer agitation rate, catalyst mass, and hydrogen availability. Gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient measurements indicate efficient gas → liquid transfer kinetics within the experimental constraints of the Henry's law limitation on hydrogen solubility in the process solvent (methanol). Deviations from the optimized product selectivity are attributed to mass transport constraints, specifically the H2(solv) → 2H(ads) transition, which is ultimately restrained by the availability of H2(solv). Finally, in an attempt to better understand the deactivation pathways, inelastic neutron scattering measurements on a comparable industrial-grade catalyst operated in an analogous reaction in fed-batch mode indicate the presence of an oligomeric overlayer postreaction. This overlayer is thought to be formed via oligomerization of hydroxyimine or imine species via specific pathways that are identified within a postulated global reaction scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi
I. McAllister
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Cédric Boulho
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Colin Brennan
- Syngenta, Jeallot’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- ISIS
Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - David Lennon
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
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12
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Perspectives on the effect of sulfur on the hydrocarbonaceous overlayer on iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Davidson AL, Webb PB, Parker SF, Lennon D. Hydrogen Partitioning as a Function of Time-on-Stream for an Unpromoted Iron-Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst Applied to CO Hydrogenation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisha L. Davidson
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Paul B. Webb
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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14
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Kyriakou G, Márquez AM, Holgado JP, Taylor MJ, Wheatley AEH, Mehta JP, Fernández Sanz J, Beaumont SK, Lambert RM. Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Study of the CO + NO Reaction Catalyzed by Au/Ni Nanoparticles. ACS Catal 2019; 9:4919-4929. [PMID: 32953238 PMCID: PMC7493298 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The catalytic and
structural properties of five different nanoparticle
catalysts with varying Au/Ni composition were studied by six different
methods, including in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density
functional theory (DFT) calculations. The as-prepared materials contained
substantial amounts of residual capping agent arising from the commonly
used synthetic procedure. Thorough removal of this material by oxidation
was essential for the acquisition of valid catalytic data. All catalysts
were highly selective toward N2 formation, with 50–50
Au:Ni material being best of all. In situ X-ray absorption near edge
structure spectroscopy showed that although Au acted to moderate the
oxidation state of Ni, there was no clear correlation between catalytic
activity and nickel oxidation state. However, in situ extended X-ray
absorption fine structure spectroscopy showed a good correlation between
Au–Ni coordination number (highest for Ni50Au50) and catalytic activity. Importantly, these measurements
also demonstrated substantial and reversible Au/Ni
intermixing as a function of temperature between 550 °C (reaction
temperature) and 150 °C, underlining the importance of in situ
methods to the correct interpretation of reaction data. DFT calculations
on smooth, stepped, monometallic and bimetallic surfaces showed that
N + N recombination rather than NO dissociation was always rate-determining
and that the activation barrier to recombination reaction decreased
with increased Au content, thus accounting for the experimental observations.
Across the entire composition range, the oxidation state of Ni did
not correlate with activity, in disagreement with earlier work, and
theory showed that NiO itself should be catalytically inert. Au–Ni
interactions were of paramount importance in promoting N + N recombination,
the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kyriakou
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Antonio M. Márquez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Holgado
- Instituto de Ciencia
de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-University of Seville) and Departamento
de Quimica Inorganica, University of Seville, Avda. Americo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Martin J. Taylor
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joshua P. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Fernández Sanz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Simon K. Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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15
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Warringham R, Davidson AL, Webb PB, Tooze RP, Ewings RA, Parker SF, Lennon D. Examining the temporal behavior of the hydrocarbonaceous overlayer on an iron based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2608-2617. [PMID: 35520506 PMCID: PMC9059844 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09731c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to examine fundamental processes connected with the use of an unpromoted iron based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalyst, model studies examining the temporal formation of hydrocarbonaceous species that form over the catalyst are undertaken using a combination of temperature-programmed oxidation, powder X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, transmission electron microscopy and inelastic neutron scattering (INS). Catalyst samples were exposed to ambient pressure CO hydrogenation at 623 K for defined periods of time-on-stream (3, 6, 12 and 24 h) prior to analysis. INS reveals a progressive retention of hydrogenous species that is associated with the evolution of a hydrocarbonaceous overlayer, as evidenced by the presence of sp2 and sp3 hybridized C-H vibrational modes. Correlations between the formation of aliphatic and olefinic/aromatic moieties with post-reaction characterization leads to the proposal of a number of chemical transformations that, collectively, define the conditioning phase of the catalyst under the specified set of reaction conditions. A comparison between the inelastic neutron scattering spectra of the 24 h sample with that of an iron catalyst extracted from a commercial grade Fischer-Tropsch reactor validates the relevance of the experimental approach adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Warringham
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK +44-141-330-4372
| | - Alisha L Davidson
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK +44-141-330-4372
| | - Paul B Webb
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Russel A Ewings
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxon OX11 0QX UK
| | - Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxon OX11 0QX UK
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK +44-141-330-4372
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16
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Polo-Garzon F, Luo S, Cheng Y, Page KL, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Britt PF, Wu Z. Neutron Scattering Investigations of Hydride Species in Heterogeneous Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:93-103. [PMID: 30395417 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In heterogeneous catalysis, hydrides on the surface or in the bulk play a critical role as either active components or reaction intermediates in many hydrogen-involving reactions, but characterization of the nature and structure of these hydride species remains challenging. Neutron scattering, which is extremely sensitive to light elements, such as hydrogen, has shown great potential in meeting this challenge. In this Minireview, recent advances in neutron studies of hydride species, mainly over the two most typical classes of catalysts-metals and oxides-are surveyed. Findings on catalysts outside these categories are raised if they are considered to be relevant for contextualization in the present Minireview. The adsorption, dissociation, spillover, and reactivity of hydrogen, especially hydride species over supported metal and oxide catalysts, have been successfully investigated, mostly by means of neutron vibrational spectroscopy. Insights from these neutron studies, which are otherwise not possible with other techniques, shed light on the interaction mechanism of hydrogen with solid surfaces and reaction mechanisms in which hydrogen is involved. Future research challenges on neutron scattering studies of hydrides, as well as catalysis in general, are also highlighted, and more operando-type neutron studies need be conducted to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Polo-Garzon
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Si Luo
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Katharine L Page
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Phillip F Britt
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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Tan S, Cheng Y, Daemen LL, Lutterman DA. Design of a facility for the in situ measurement of catalytic reaction by neutron scattering spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:014101. [PMID: 29390650 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis is a critical enabling science for future energy needs. The next frontier of catalysis is to evolve from catalyst discovery to catalyst design, and for this next step to be realized, we must develop new techniques to better understand reaction mechanisms. To do this, we must connect catalytic reaction rates and selectivities to the kinetics, energetics, and dynamics of individual elementary steps and relate these to the structure and dynamics of the catalytic sites involved. Neutron scattering spectroscopies offer unique capabilities that are difficult or impossible to match by other techniques. The current study presents the development of a compact and portable instrumental design that enables the in situ investigation of catalytic samples by neutron scattering techniques. The developed apparatus was tested at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge National Laboratory and includes a gas handling panel that allows for computer hookups to control the panel externally and online measurement equipment such as coupled GC-FID/TCD (Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector/Thermal Conductivity Detector) and MS (Mass Spectrometry) to characterize offgassing while the sample is in the neutron scattering spectrometer. This system is flexible, modular, compact, and portable enabling its use for many types of gas-solid and liquid-solid reactions at the various beamlines housed at the SNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Physical Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Luke L Daemen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Daniel A Lutterman
- Chemical Sciences Division, Physical Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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18
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O'Malley AJ, Parker SF, Catlow CRA. Neutron spectroscopy as a tool in catalytic science. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12164-12176. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05982e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique power of neutron spectroscopy to probe molecular behaviour in catalytic systems is illustrated. Vibrational spectroscopy and quasielastic scattering techniques are introduced, along with their use in probing methanol-to-hydrocarbons and methane reforming catalysis, and also hydrocarbon behaviour in microporous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. O'Malley
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- UK
- The UK Catalysis Hub
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- The UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxfordshire
- UK
| | - C. Richard A. Catlow
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- UK
- The UK Catalysis Hub
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19
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Application of Inelastic Neutron Scattering to the Methanol-to-Gasoline Reaction Over a ZSM-5 Catalyst. Catal Letters 2016; 146:1242-1248. [PMID: 32355437 PMCID: PMC7175671 DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is used to investigate a ZSM-5 catalyst that has been exposed to methanol vapour at elevated temperature. In-line mass spectrometric analysis of the catalyst exit stream confirms methanol-to-gasoline chemistry, whilst ex situ INS measurements detect hydrocarbon species formed in/on the catalyst during methanol conversion. These preliminary studies demonstrate the capability of INS to complement infrared spectroscopic characterisation of the hydrocarbon pool present in/on ZSM-5 during the MTG reaction. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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20
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Warringham R, McFarlane AR, MacLaren DA, Webb PB, Tooze RP, Taylor J, Ewings RA, Parker SF, Lennon D. The application of inelastic neutron scattering to explore the significance of a magnetic transition in an iron based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst that is active for the hydrogenation of CO. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:174703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4935054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Warringham
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. McFarlane
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Donald A. MacLaren
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, The Kelvin Building, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul B. Webb
- Sasol Technology UK Ltd., Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Tooze
- Sasol Technology UK Ltd., Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Taylor
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Russell A. Ewings
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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21
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Tsakoumis NE, York APE, Chen D, Rønning M. Catalyst characterisation techniques and reaction cells operating at realistic conditions; towards acquisition of kinetically relevant information. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalyst characterisation techniques and reaction cells operating at realistic conditions; towards acquisition of kinetically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos E. Tsakoumis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- NO-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - Andrew P. E. York
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre
- Blount's Court
- Sonning Common
- Reading RG4 9NH
- UK
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- NO-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - Magnus Rønning
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- NO-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
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22
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France LJ, Du X, Almuqati N, Kuznetsov VL, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Xiao T, Bagabas A, Almegren H, Edwards PP. The effect of lanthanum addition on the catalytic activity of γ-alumina supported bimetallic Co–Mo carbides for dry methane reforming. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-014-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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23
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Hamilton NG, Warringham R, Silverwood IP, Kapitán J, Hecht L, Webb PB, Tooze RP, Zhou W, Frost CD, Parker SF, Lennon D. The application of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate CO hydrogenation over an iron Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Bilal M, Jackson SD. The effect of impurities on the steam reforming of ethanol over ruthenium/alumina. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Steam reforming of bioethanol is a promising route for H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Centre for Catalysis Research
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - S. David Jackson
- Centre for Catalysis Research
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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25
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Characterisation of hydrocarbonaceous overlayers important in metal-catalysed selective hydrogenation reactions. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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McFarlane AR, Silverwood IP, Norris EL, Ormerod RM, Frost CD, Parker SF, Lennon D. The application of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate the steam reforming of methane over an alumina-supported nickel catalyst. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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McFarlane AR, Silverwood IP, Warringham R, Norris EL, Ormerod RM, Frost CD, Parker SF, Lennon D. The application of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate the ‘dry’ reforming of methane over an alumina-supported nickel catalyst operating under conditions where filamentous carbon formation is prevalent. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Neutron scattering studies of catalyst systems at the ISIS neutron spallation source. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-012-0021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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29
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Zhu J, Peng X, Yao L, Tong D, Hu C. CO2reforming of methane over Mg-promoted Ni/SiO2catalysts: the influence of Mg precursors and impregnation sequences. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00333j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Silverwood IP, Hamilton NG, McFarlane AR, Kapitán J, Hecht L, Norris EL, Mark Ormerod R, Frost CD, Parker SF, Lennon D. Application of inelastic neutron scattering to studies of CO2 reforming of methane over alumina-supported nickel and gold-doped nickel catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:15214-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Silverwood IP, Hamilton NG, McFarlane A, Ormerod RM, Guidi T, Bones J, Dudman MP, Goodway CM, Kibble M, Parker SF, Lennon D. Experimental arrangements suitable for the acquisition of inelastic neutron scattering spectra of heterogeneous catalysts. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:034101. [PMID: 21456765 DOI: 10.1063/1.3553295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is increasingly being used for the characterization of heterogeneous catalysts. As the technique is uniquely sensitive to hydrogen atoms, vibrational spectra can be obtained that emphasize a hydrogenous component or hydrogen-containing moieties adsorbed on to an inorganic support. However, due to sensitivity constraints, the technique typically requires large sample masses (∼10 g catalyst). A reaction system is hereby described that enables suitable quantities of heterogeneous catalysts to be appropriately activated and operated under steady-state conditions for extended periods of time prior to acquisition of the INS spectrum. In addition to ex situ studies, a cell is described which negates the need for a sample transfer stage between reaction testing and INS measurement. This cell can operate up to temperatures of 823 K and pressures up to 20 bar. The apparatus is also amenable to adsorption experiments at the gas-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Silverwood
- Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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32
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Parker SF. The role of hydroxyl groups in low temperature carbon monoxide oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1988-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04991c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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