1
|
Irvine GJ, Smith RI, Jones MO, Irvine JTS. Order-disorder and ionic conductivity in calcium nitride-hydride. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4389. [PMID: 37474517 PMCID: PMC10359262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently nitrogen-hydrogen compounds have successfully been applied as co-catalysts for mild conditions ammonia synthesis. Ca2NH was shown to act as a H2 sink during reaction, with H atoms from its lattice being incorporated into the NH3(g) product. Thus the ionic transport and diffusion properties of the N-H co-catalyst are fundamentally important to understanding and developing such syntheses. Here we show hydride ion conduction in these materials. Two distinct calcium nitride-hydride Ca2NH phases, prepared via different synthetic paths are found to show dramatically different properties. One phase (β) shows fast hydride ionic conduction properties (0.08 S/cm at 600 °C), on a par with the best binary ionic hydrides and 10 times higher than CaH2, whilst the other (α) is 100 times less conductive. An in situ combined analysis techniques reveals that the effective β-phase conducts ions via a vacancy-mediated phenomenon in which the charge carrier concentration is dependent on the ion concentration in the secondary site and by extension the vacancy concentration in the main site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J Irvine
- Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, England, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - M O Jones
- Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, England, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - J T S Irvine
- Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK.
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, England, OX11 0QX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hyde PA, Cen J, Cassidy SJ, Rees NH, Holdship P, Smith RI, Zhu B, Scanlon DO, Clarke SJ. Lithium Intercalation into the Excitonic Insulator Candidate Ta 2NiSe 5. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37466301 PMCID: PMC10394660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A new reduced phase derived from the excitonic insulator candidate Ta2NiSe5 has been synthesized via the intercalation of lithium. LiTa2NiSe5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pmnb (no. 62) with lattice parameters a = 3.50247(3) Å, b = 13.4053(4) Å, c = 15.7396(2) Å, and Z = 4, with an increase of the unit cell volume by 5.44(1)% compared with Ta2NiSe5. Significant rearrangement of the Ta-Ni-Se layers is observed, in particular a very significant relative displacement of the layers compared to the parent phase, similar to that which occurs under hydrostatic pressure. Neutron powder diffraction experiments and computational analysis confirm that Li occupies a distorted triangular prismatic site formed by Se atoms of adjacent Ta2NiSe5 layers with an average Li-Se bond length of 2.724(2) Å. Li-NMR experiments show a single Li environment at ambient temperature. Intercalation suppresses the distortion to monoclinic symmetry that occurs in Ta2NiSe5 at 328 K and that is believed to be driven by the formation of an excitonic insulating state. Magnetometry data show that the reduced phase has a smaller net diamagnetic susceptibility than Ta2NiSe5 due to the enhancement of the temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetism caused by the increased density of states at the Fermi level evident also from the calculations, consistent with the injection of electrons during intercalation and formation of a metallic phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Hyde
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - J Cen
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - S J Cassidy
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - N H Rees
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - P Holdship
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, U.K
| | - R I Smith
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Facility, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - B Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - D O Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - S J Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sasaki S, Giri S, Cassidy SJ, Dey S, Batuk M, Vandemeulebroucke D, Cibin G, Smith RI, Holdship P, Grey CP, Hadermann J, Clarke SJ. Anion redox as a means to derive layered manganese oxychalcogenides with exotic intergrowth structures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2917. [PMID: 37217479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Topochemistry enables step-by-step conversions of solid-state materials often leading to metastable structures that retain initial structural motifs. Recent advances in this field revealed many examples where relatively bulky anionic constituents were actively involved in redox reactions during (de)intercalation processes. Such reactions are often accompanied by anion-anion bond formation, which heralds possibilities to design novel structure types disparate from known precursors, in a controlled manner. Here we present the multistep conversion of layered oxychalcogenides Sr2MnO2Cu1.5Ch2 (Ch = S, Se) into Cu-deintercalated phases where antifluorite type [Cu1.5Ch2]2.5- slabs collapsed into two-dimensional arrays of chalcogen dimers. The collapse of the chalcogenide layers on deintercalation led to various stacking types of Sr2MnO2Ch2 slabs, which formed polychalcogenide structures unattainable by conventional high-temperature syntheses. Anion-redox topochemistry is demonstrated to be of interest not only for electrochemical applications but also as a means to design complex layered architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Souvik Giri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon J Cassidy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Sunita Dey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Maria Batuk
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daphne Vandemeulebroucke
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Giannantonio Cibin
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Ronald I Smith
- The ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Philip Holdship
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Joke Hadermann
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Simon J Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van der Maas E, Famprikis T, Pieters S, Dijkstra JP, Li Z, Parnell SR, Smith RI, van Eck ERH, Ganapathy S, Wagemaker M. Re-investigating the structure-property relationship of the solid electrolytes Li 3-x In 1-x Zr x Cl 6 and the impact of In-Zr(iv) substitution. J Mater Chem A Mater 2023; 11:4559-4571. [PMID: 36866387 PMCID: PMC9969333 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta08433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloride-based solid electrolytes are considered interesting candidates for catholytes in all-solid-state batteries due to their high electrochemical stability, which allows the use of high-voltage cathodes without protective coatings. Aliovalent Zr(iv) substitution is a widely applicable strategy to increase the ionic conductivity of Li3M(iii)Cl6 solid electrolytes. In this study, we investigate how Zr(iv) substitution affects the structure and ion conduction in Li3-x In1-x Zr x Cl6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5). Rietveld refinement using both X-ray and neutron diffraction is used to make a structural model based on two sets of scattering contrasts. AC-impedance measurements and solid-state NMR relaxometry measurements at multiple Larmor frequencies are used to study the Li-ion dynamics. In this manner the diffusion mechanism and its correlation with the structure are explored and compared to previous studies, advancing the understanding of these complex and difficult to characterize materials. It is found that the diffusion in Li3InCl6 is most likely anisotropic considering the crystal structure and two distinct jump processes found by solid-state NMR. Zr-substitution improves ionic conductivity by tuning the charge carrier concentration, accompanied by small changes in the crystal structure which affect ion transport on short timescales, likely reducing the anisotropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline van der Maas
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Theodosios Famprikis
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Saskia Pieters
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Jonas P Dijkstra
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Steven R Parnell
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxfordshire UK OX11 0QX
| | - Ernst R H van Eck
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sherwood B, Wildman EJ, Smith RI, Mclaughlin AC. Enhanced Oxide Ion Conductivity by Ta Doping of Ba 3Nb 1-xTa xMoO 8.5. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1628-1635. [PMID: 36650095 PMCID: PMC9890478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Significant oxide ion conductivity has previously been reported for the Ba3M'M″O8.5 family (M' = Nb5+, V5+; M″ = Mo6+, W6+) of cation-deficient hexagonal perovskite derivatives. These systems exhibit considerable structural disorder and competitive occupation of two distinct oxygen positions (O3 site and O2 site), enabling two-dimensional (2D) ionic conductivity within the ab plane of the structure; higher occupation of the tetrahedral O3 site vs the octahedral O2 site is known to be a major factor that promotes oxide ion conductivity. Previous chemical doping studies have shown that substitution of small amounts of the M' or M″ ions can result in significant changes to both the structure and ionic conductivity. Here, we report on the electrical and structural properties of the Ba3Nb1-xTaxMoO8.5 series (x = 0.00, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100). AC impedance measurements show that substitution of Nb5+ with Ta5+ leads to a significant increase in low-temperature (<500 °C) conductivity for x = 0.1. Analysis of neutron and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirms that there is a decrease in the M1O4/M1O6 ratio upon increasing x from 0 to 0.1 in Ba3Nb1-xTaxMoO8.5, which would usually coincide with a lowering in the conductivity. However, neutron diffraction results show that Ta doping causes an increase in the oxide ion conductivity as a result of longer M1-O3 bonds and increased polyhedral distortion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Sherwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - Eve J. Wildman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS
Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, DidcotOX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Abbie C. Mclaughlin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zachariou A, Hawkins AP, Howe RF, Skakle JMS, Barrow N, Collier P, Nye DW, Smith RI, Stenning GBG, Parker SF, Lennon D. Counting the Acid Sites in a Commercial ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst. ACS Phys Chem Au 2022; 3:74-83. [PMID: 36718264 PMCID: PMC9881239 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the acid sites in a commercial ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst by a combination of spectroscopic and physical methods. The Brønsted acid sites in such catalysts are associated with the aluminum substituted into the zeolite lattice, which may not be identical to the total aluminum content of the zeolite. Inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy (INS) directly quantifies the concentrations of Brønsted acid protons, silanol groups, and hydroxyl groups associated with extra-framework aluminum species. The INS measurements show that ∼50% of the total aluminum content of this particular zeolite is extra framework, a conclusion supported by solid-state NMR and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) measurements. Evidence for the presence of extra-framework aluminum oxide species is also seen in neutron powder diffraction data from proton- and deuterium-exchanged samples. The differences between results from the different analytical methods are discussed, and the novelty of direct proton counting by INS in this typical commercial catalyst is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zachariou
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0FA, Oxon, U.K.
| | - Alexander P. Hawkins
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0FA, Oxon, U.K.
| | - Russell F. Howe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - Janet M. S. Skakle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.,Department
of Physics, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - Nathan Barrow
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading, BerkshireRG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Paul Collier
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading, BerkshireRG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Daniel W. Nye
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0QX, Oxon, U.K.
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0QX, Oxon, U.K.
| | | | - Stewart F. Parker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0FA, Oxon, U.K.,ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0QX, Oxon, U.K.,
| | - David Lennon
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tawse DN, Gilane A, Fop S, Martinez-Felipe A, Sher F, Smith RI, Mclaughlin AC. Investigation of the Crystal Structure and Ionic Pathways of the Hexagonal Perovskite Derivative Ba 3-xVMoO 8.5-x. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13550-13556. [PMID: 34405996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hexagonal perovskite derivatives Ba3NbMoO8.5, Ba3NbWO8.5, and Ba3VWO8.5 have recently been reported to exhibit significant oxide ion conductivity. Here, we report the synthesis and crystal structure of the hexagonal perovskite derivative Ba3-xVMoO8.5-x. Rietveld refinement from neutron and X-ray diffraction data show that the cation vacancies are ordered on the M2 site, leading to a structure consisting of palmierite-like layers of M1Ox polyhedra separated by vacant octahedral layers. In contrast to other members of the Ba3M'M″O8.5 family, Ba3-xVMoO8.5-x is not stoichiometric and both barium and oxygen vacancies are present. Although synthesized in air at elevated temperatures, Ba3-xVMoO8.5-x is unstable at lower temperatures, as illustrated by the formation of BaCO3 and BaMoO4 by heat treatment in air at 400 °C. This precludes measurement of the electrical properties. However, bond-valence site energy (BVSE) calculations strongly suggest that oxide ion conductivity is present in Ba3-xVMoO8.5-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Tawse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Gilane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Sacha Fop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom.,ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso Martinez-Felipe
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Group, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Falak Sher
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Abbie C Mclaughlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li R, Smith RI, Greaves C. BiMnPO 5 with ferromagnetic Mn 2+-(μ-O) 2-Mn 2+ units: a model for magnetic exchange in edge-linked Mn 2+O 6 octahedra. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7027-7030. [PMID: 34165482 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic interactions within Mn-(μ-O)2-Mn pairs are crucial to the function of some essential enzymes and catalysts, but their nature is unclear. Neutron diffraction reveals that similar units in BiMnPO5 show ferromagnetic coupling which has been rationalized by density functional theory modelling and calculations of magnetic exchange energies. The results are important to many solid state and biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rukang Li
- Beijing Centre for Crystal Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Colin Greaves
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cedervall J, Clulow R, Boström HL, Joshi DC, Andersson MS, Mathieu R, Beran P, Smith RI, Tseng JC, Sahlberg M, Berastegui P, Shafeie S. Phase stability and structural transitions in compositionally complex LnMO3 perovskites. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Flores-González N, Minafra N, Dewald G, Reardon H, Smith RI, Adams S, Zeier WG, Gregory DH. Mechanochemical Synthesis and Structure of Lithium Tetrahaloaluminates, LiAlX 4 (X = Cl, Br, I): A Family of Li-Ion Conducting Ternary Halides. ACS Mater Lett 2021; 3:652-657. [PMID: 34476400 PMCID: PMC8397468 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.1c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art oxides and sulfides with high Li-ion conductivity and good electrochemical stability are among the most promising candidates for solid-state electrolytes in secondary batteries. Yet emerging halides offer promising alternatives because of their intrinsic low Li+ migration energy barriers, high electrochemical oxidative stability, and beneficial mechanical properties. Mechanochemical synthesis has enabled the characterization of LiAlX4 compounds to be extended and the iodide, LiAlI4, to be synthesized for the first time (monoclinic P21/c, Z = 4; a = 8.0846(1) Å; b = 7.4369(1) Å; c = 14.8890(2) Å; β = 93.0457(8)°). Of the tetrahaloaluminates, LiAlBr4 exhibited the highest ionic conductivity at room temperature (0.033 mS cm-1), while LiAlCl4 showed a conductivity of 0.17 mS cm-1 at 333 K, coupled with the highest thermal and oxidative stability. Modeling of the diffusion pathways suggests that the Li-ion transport mechanism in each tetrahaloaluminate is closely related and mediated by both halide polarizability and concerted complex anion motions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolò Minafra
- Institute
for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstrasse 39, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Dewald
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University
Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hazel Reardon
- School of
Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Pulsed
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Stefan Adams
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore
| | - Wolfgang G. Zeier
- Institute
for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstrasse 39, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Duncan H. Gregory
- School of
Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Coates CS, Baise M, Schmutzler A, Simonov A, Makepeace JW, Seel AG, Smith RI, Playford HY, Keen DA, Siegel R, Senker J, Slater B, Goodwin AL. Spin-ice physics in cadmium cyanide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2272. [PMID: 33859176 PMCID: PMC8050284 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin-ices are frustrated magnets that support a particularly rich variety of emergent physics. Typically, it is the interplay of magnetic dipole interactions, spin anisotropy, and geometric frustration on the pyrochlore lattice that drives spin-ice formation. The relevant physics occurs at temperatures commensurate with the magnetic interaction strength, which for most systems is 1-5 K. Here, we show that non-magnetic cadmium cyanide, Cd(CN)2, exhibits analogous behaviour to magnetic spin-ices, but does so on a temperature scale that is nearly two orders of magnitude greater. The electric dipole moments of cyanide ions in Cd(CN)2 assume the role of magnetic pseudospins, with the difference in energy scale reflecting the increased strength of electric vs magnetic dipolar interactions. As a result, spin-ice physics influences the structural behaviour of Cd(CN)2 even at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S Coates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Mia Baise
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Arkadiy Simonov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua W Makepeace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew G Seel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Helen Y Playford
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Renée Siegel
- Anorganische Chemie III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Anorganische Chemie III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ben Slater
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrew L Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mukherjee P, Paddison JAM, Xu C, Ruff Z, Wildes AR, Keen DA, Smith RI, Grey CP, Dutton SE. Sample Dependence of Magnetism in the Next-Generation Cathode Material LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:263-271. [PMID: 33320647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a structural and magnetic study of two batches of polycrystalline LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (commonly known as Li NMC 811), a Ni-rich Li ion battery cathode material, using elemental analysis, X-ray and neutron diffraction, magnetometry, and polarized neutron scattering measurements. We find that the samples, labeled S1 and S2, have the composition Li1-xNi0.9+x-yMnyCo0.1O2, with x = 0.025(2), y = 0.120(2) for S1 and x = 0.002(2), y = 0.094(2) for S2, corresponding to different concentrations of magnetic ions and excess Ni2+ in the Li+ layers. Both samples show a peak in the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) dc susceptibility at 8.0(2) K, but the temperature at which the ZFC and FC (field-cooled) curves deviate is substantially different: 64(2) K for S1 and 122(2) K for S2. The ac susceptibility measurements show that the transition for S1 shifts with frequency whereas no such shift is observed for S2 within the resolution of our measurements. Our results demonstrate the sample dependence of magnetic properties in Li NMC 811, consistent with previous reports on the parent material LiNiO2. We further establish that a combination of experimental techniques is necessary to accurately determine the chemical composition of next-generation battery materials with multiple cations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A M Paddison
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Churchill College, University of Cambridge, Storey's Way, Cambridge CB3 0DS, United Kingdom.,Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Chao Xu
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary Ruff
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Wildes
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Cedex 9, Grenoble, France
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P Grey
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Siân E Dutton
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Crystallisation at pressure overcomes the effect of isotopic polymorphism in the methylpyridine pentachlorophenol co-crystal. Though the hydrogenated Cc polymorph can only be obtained at pressure, it is stable on recovery to ambient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David R. Allan
- Diamond Light Source
- Diamond House
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | | | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Cameron J. G. Wilson
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Simon Parsons
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Amores M, El-Shinawi H, McClelland I, Yeandel SR, Baker PJ, Smith RI, Playford HY, Goddard P, Corr SA, Cussen EJ. Li 1.5La 1.5MO 6 (M = W 6+, Te 6+) as a new series of lithium-rich double perovskites for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6392. [PMID: 33319782 PMCID: PMC7738526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state batteries are a proposed route to safely achieving high energy densities, yet this architecture faces challenges arising from interfacial issues between the electrode and solid electrolyte. Here we develop a novel family of double perovskites, Li1.5La1.5MO6 (M = W6+, Te6+), where an uncommon lithium-ion distribution enables macroscopic ion diffusion and tailored design of the composition allows us to switch functionality to either a negative electrode or a solid electrolyte. Introduction of tungsten allows reversible lithium-ion intercalation below 1 V, enabling application as an anode (initial specific capacity >200 mAh g-1 with remarkably low volume change of ∼0.2%). By contrast, substitution of tungsten with tellurium induces redox stability, directing the functionality of the perovskite towards a solid-state electrolyte with electrochemical stability up to 5 V and a low activation energy barrier (<0.2 eV) for microscopic lithium-ion diffusion. Characterisation across multiple length- and time-scales allows interrogation of the structure-property relationships in these materials and preliminary examination of a solid-state cell employing both compositions suggests lattice-matching avenues show promise for all-solid-state batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Amores
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Hany El-Shinawi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.,The Faraday Institution, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX1 0RA, UK
| | - Innes McClelland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Stephen R Yeandel
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Peter J Baker
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Helen Y Playford
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Pooja Goddard
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Serena A Corr
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Edmund J Cussen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhatia A, Pereira‐Ramos J, Emery N, Laïk B, Smith RI, Baddour‐Hadjean R. An Exploratory Investigation of Spinel LiMn
1.5
Ni
0.5
O
4
as Cathode Material for Potassium‐Ion Battery. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Bhatia
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Pereira‐Ramos
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Nicolas Emery
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Barbara Laïk
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS FacilitySTFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 OQX United Kingdom
| | - Rita Baddour‐Hadjean
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bhatia A, Pereira‐Ramos J, Emery N, Laïk B, Smith RI, Baddour‐Hadjean R. An Exploratory Investigation of Spinel LiMn
1.5
Ni
0.5
O
4
as Cathode Material for Potassium‐Ion Battery. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Bhatia
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Creteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Pereira‐Ramos
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Creteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Nicolas Emery
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Creteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Barbara Laïk
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Creteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS FacilitySTFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 OQX United Kingdom
| | - Rita Baddour‐Hadjean
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Creteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhatia A, Pereira‐Ramos J, Emery N, Laïk B, Smith RI, Baddour‐Hadjean R. An Exploratory Investigation of Spinel LiMn
1.5
Ni
0.5
O
4
as Cathode Material for Potassium‐Ion Battery. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Bhatia
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Pereira‐Ramos
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Nicolas Emery
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Barbara Laïk
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS FacilitySTFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 OQX United Kingdom
| | - Rita Baddour‐Hadjean
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris Est (ICMPE)UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil 2 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Smith RI, Hull S, Tucker MG, Playford HY, McPhail DJ, Waller SP, Norberg ST. The upgraded Polaris powder diffractometer at the ISIS neutron source. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:115101. [PMID: 31779457 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the design and operation of the Polaris time-of-flight powder neutron diffractometer at the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK. Following a major upgrade to the diffractometer in 2010-2011, its detector provision now comprises five large ZnS scintillator-based banks, covering an angular range of 6° ≤ 2θ ≤ 168°, with only minimal gaps between each bank. These detectors have a substantially increased solid angle coverage (Ω ∼ 5.67 sr) compared to the previous instrument (Ω ∼ 0.82 sr), resulting in increases in count rate of between 2× and 10×, depending on 2θ angle. The benefits arising from the high count rates achieved are illustrated using selected examples of experiments studying small sample volumes and performing rapid, time-resolved investigations. In addition, the enhanced capabilities of the diffractometer in the areas of in situ studies (which are facilitated by the installation of a novel design of radial collimator around the sample position and by a complementary programme of advanced sample environment developments) and in total scattering studies (to probe the nature of short-range atomic correlations within disordered crystalline solids) are demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R I Smith
- The ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Hull
- The ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M G Tucker
- The ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - H Y Playford
- The ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D J McPhail
- The ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S P Waller
- The ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S T Norberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
We describe the high-pressure (4 GPa) high-temperature (∼1100 K) synthesis of the solid solution series SeCo1-x Mn x O3 (0 < x < 1) using H2SeO4 and transition metal oxide mixtures sealed in Pt capsules. Neutron powder diffraction has been performed to determine progression of the structure across the solution. All samples crystallise with orthorhombic Pnma symmetry, and octahedral tilting is determined to increase with Mn content. SQUID magnetometry measurements were performed, and reveal that the Néel temperature shifts only by approximately 1 K over the series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ridley
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ridley CJ, Daisenberger D, Wilson CW, Stenning GBG, Sankar G, Knight KS, Tucker MG, Smith RI, Bull CL. High-Pressure Study of the Elpasolite Perovskite La2NiMnO6. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9016-9027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Ridley
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | | | - Craig W. Wilson
- Harwell Campus, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Gavin B. G. Stenning
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Gopinathan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K
| | - Kevin S. Knight
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K
| | - Matthew G. Tucker
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Craig L. Bull
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marshall WG, Jones RH, Knight KS, Pulham CR, Smith RI. Investigation of the changes in hydrogen bonding accompanying the structural reorganization at 103 K in ammonium iodate. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2019; 75:152-159. [PMID: 32830739 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutron powder diffraction has been used to observe the changes in hydrogen bonding that occur as a function of temperature in ND4IO3 and, thus, determine the structural features that occur during the low-temperature (103 K) phase transition. It is shown that in the deuterated material the change is not a phase change per se but rather a structural reorganization in which the hydrogen bonding becomes firmly locked in at the phase transition temperature, and stays in this configuration upon further cooling to 4.2 K. In addition, both the differences and changes in the axial thermal expansion coefficients in the region 100-290 K can be explained by the changes involving both the hydrogen bonding and the secondary I...O halogen bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G Marshall
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - R H Jones
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - K S Knight
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - C R Pulham
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - R I Smith
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The structure and thermal expansion of the Prussian blue analogue RbCuCo(CN)6 has been determined via neutron and X-ray powder diffraction. The system crystallises in Cccm and harbours three coexisting distortions relative to the parent Fm3[combining macron]m structure, which leads to anisotropic thermal expansion with a near-zero component in one direction. The difficulties associated with determining octahedral tilt systems in Prussian blue analogues and related double molecular perovskites are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L B Boström
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
McCombie KS, Wildman EJ, Ritter C, Smith RI, Skakle JMS, Mclaughlin AC. Relationship between the Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of Oxide Ion Conducting Ba3W1.2Nb0.8O8.6. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11942-11947. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie S. McCombie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Eve J. Wildman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Ritter
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue de Martyrs, BP 156, CEDEX 9 F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M. S. Skakle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Abbie C. Mclaughlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Folli A, Bloh JZ, Armstrong K, Richards E, Murphy DM, Lu L, Kiely CJ, Morgan DJ, Smith RI, Mclaughlin AC, Macphee DE. Improving the Selectivity of Photocatalytic NOx Abatement through Improved O2 Reduction Pathways Using Ti0.909W0.091O2Nx Semiconductor Nanoparticles: From Characterization to Photocatalytic Performance. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Folli
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Z. Bloh
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, Frankfurt am Main 60468, Germany
| | - Katherine Armstrong
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Richards
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Damien M. Murphy
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Whitaker Laboratory, 5 East Packer Ave, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Christopher J. Kiely
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Whitaker Laboratory, 5 East Packer Ave, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - David J. Morgan
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Abbie C. Mclaughlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Donald E. Macphee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barczak SA, Buckman J, Smith RI, Baker AR, Don E, Forbes I, Bos JWG. Impact of Interstitial Ni on the Thermoelectric Properties of the Half-Heusler TiNiSn. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11040536. [PMID: 29601547 PMCID: PMC5951420 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
TiNiSn is an intensively studied half-Heusler alloy that shows great potential for waste heat recovery. Here, we report on the structures and thermoelectric properties of a series of metal-rich TiNi1+ySn compositions prepared via solid-state reactions and hot pressing. A general relation between the amount of interstitial Ni and lattice parameter is determined from neutron powder diffraction. High-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction reveals the occurrence of strain broadening upon hot pressing, which is attributed to the metastable arrangement of interstitial Ni. Hall measurements confirm that interstitial Ni causes weak n-type doping and a reduction in carrier mobility, which limits the power factor to 2.5–3 mW m−1 K−2 for these samples. The thermal conductivity was modelled within the Callaway approximation and is quantitively linked to the amount of interstitial Ni, resulting in a predicted value of 12.7 W m−1 K−1 at 323 K for stoichiometric TiNiSn. Interstitial Ni leads to a reduction of the thermal band gap and moves the peak ZT = 0.4 to lower temperatures, thus offering the possibility to engineer a broad ZT plateau. This work adds further insight into the impact of small amounts of interstitial Ni on the thermal and electrical transport of TiNiSn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Barczak
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Energy Storage and Recovery, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Jim Buckman
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
| | | | - Eric Don
- SemiMetrics Ltd., Kings Langley WD4 9WB, UK.
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Ian Forbes
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Jan-Willem G Bos
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Energy Storage and Recovery, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Barczak SA, Halpin JE, Buckman J, Decourt R, Pollet M, Smith RI, MacLaren DA, Bos JWG. Grain-by-Grain Compositional Variations and Interstitial Metals-A New Route toward Achieving High Performance in Half-Heusler Thermoelectrics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:4786-4793. [PMID: 29313341 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Half-Heusler alloys based on TiNiSn are promising thermoelectric materials characterized by large power factors and good mechanical and thermal stabilities, but they are limited by large thermal conductivities. A variety of strategies have been used to disrupt their thermal transport, including alloying with heavy, generally expensive, elements and nanostructuring, enabling figures of merit, ZT ≥ 1 at elevated temperatures (>773 K). Here, we demonstrate an alternative strategy that is based around the partial segregation of excess Cu leading to grain-by-grain compositional variations, the formation of extruded Cu "wetting layers" between grains, and-most importantly-the presence of statistically distributed interstitials that reduce the thermal conductivity effectively through point-defect scattering. Our best TiNiCuySn (y ≤ 0.1) compositions have a temperature-averaged ZTdevice = 0.3-0.4 and estimated leg power outputs of 6-7 W cm-2 in the 323-773 K temperature range. This is a significant development as these materials were prepared using a straightforward processing method, do not contain any toxic, expensive, or scarce elements, and are therefore promising candidates for large-scale production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Halpin
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | | | - Rodolphe Decourt
- CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048 , F-33600 Pessac, France
- University of Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048 , F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Michael Pollet
- CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048 , F-33600 Pessac, France
- University of Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048 , F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Donald A MacLaren
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Makepeace JW, Wood TJ, Marks PL, Smith RI, Murray CA, David WIF. Bulk phase behavior of lithium imide–metal nitride ammonia decomposition catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22689-22697. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium imide is a promising new catalyst for the production of hydrogen from ammonia. This study reports the use of neutron and X-ray powder diffraction to investigate the presence of ternary nitrides in lithium-imide/metal nitride composite catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W. Makepeace
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility
| | - Thomas J. Wood
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Phillip L. Marks
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Claire A. Murray
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus
- Didcot
- UK
| | - William I. F. David
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ferluccio DA, Smith RI, Buckman J, Bos JWG. Impact of Nb vacancies and p-type doping of the NbCoSn–NbCoSb half-Heusler thermoelectrics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3979-3987. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nb vacancies maintain a semiconducting electron count and cause strong mass fluctuation phonon scattering enabling good thermoelectric performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella A. Ferluccio
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Energy Storage and Recovery
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Oxford
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Jim Buckman
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Jan-Willem G. Bos
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Energy Storage and Recovery
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mangelis P, Vaqueiro P, Jumas JC, da Silva I, Smith RI, Powell AV. The effect of electron and hole doping on the thermoelectric properties of shandite-type Co 3 Sn 2 S 2. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Payne JL, Percival JD, Giagloglou K, Crouch CJ, Carins GM, Smith RI, Comrie R, Gover RKB, Irvine JTS. In-SituThermal Battery Discharge using NiS2as a Cathode Material. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Payne
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Kyriakos Giagloglou
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Christina J. Crouch
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
- AWE; Aldermaston Reading RG7 4PR UK
| | - George M. Carins
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Facility; STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Robert Comrie
- MSB Ltd; Hagmill Road East Shawhead Coatbridge ML5 4UZ UK
| | | | - John T. S. Irvine
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Niu H, Pitcher MJ, Corkett AJ, Ling S, Mandal P, Zanella M, Dawson K, Stamenov P, Batuk D, Abakumov AM, Bull CL, Smith RI, Murray CA, Day SJ, Slater B, Cora F, Claridge JB, Rosseinsky MJ. Room Temperature Magnetically Ordered Polar Corundum GaFeO3 Displaying Magnetoelectric Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1520-1531. [PMID: 28013545 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Niu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Pitcher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Alex J. Corkett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Sanliang Ling
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Pranab Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Zanella
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Dawson
- Centre
for Materials and Structures, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, United Kingdom
| | - Plamen Stamenov
- CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Dmitry Batuk
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Artem M. Abakumov
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Skoltech
Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Craig L. Bull
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11
0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11
0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Claire A. Murray
- Diamond
Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Day
- Diamond
Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Slater
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Furio Cora
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - John B. Claridge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Rosseinsky
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fop S, Skakle JMS, McLaughlin AC, Connor PA, Irvine JTS, Smith RI, Wildman EJ. Oxide Ion Conductivity in the Hexagonal Perovskite Derivative Ba 3MoNbO 8.5. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16764-16769. [PMID: 27976879 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxide ion conductors are important materials with a range of technological applications and are currently used as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide electrolyzer cells. Here we report the crystal structure and electrical properties of the hexagonal perovskite derivative Ba3MoNbO8.5. Ba3MoNbO8.5 crystallizes in a hybrid of the 9R hexagonal perovskite and palmierite structures. This is a new and so far unique crystal structure that contains a disordered distribution of (Mo/Nb)O6 octahedra and (Mo/Nb)O4 tetrahedra. Ba3MoNbO8.5 shows a wide stability range and exhibits predominantly oxide ion conduction over a pO2 range from 10-20 to 1 atm with a bulk conductivity of 2.2 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 600 °C. The high level of conductivity in a new structure family suggests that further study of hexagonal perovskite derivatives containing mixed tetrahedral and octahedral geometry could open up new horizons in the design of oxygen conducting electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Fop
- The Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen , Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K
| | - Janet M S Skakle
- The Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen , Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K
| | - Abbie C McLaughlin
- The Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen , Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K
| | - Paul A Connor
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Eve J Wildman
- The Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen , Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Clemens O, Reitz C, Witte R, Kruk R, Smith RI. Anion ordering, magnetic structure and properties of the vacancy ordered perovskite Ba3Fe3O7F. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Makepeace JW, Hunter HMA, Wood TJ, Smith RI, Murray CA, David WIF. Ammonia decomposition catalysis using lithium–calcium imide. Faraday Discuss 2016; 188:525-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00179j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium–calcium imide is explored as a catalyst for the decomposition of ammonia. It shows the highest ammonia decomposition activity yet reported for a pure light metal amide or imide, comparable to lithium imide–amide at high temperature, with superior conversion observed at lower temperatures. Importantly, the post-reaction mass recovery of lithium–calcium imide is almost complete, indicating that it may be easier to contain than the other amide–imide catalysts reported to date. The basis of this improved recovery is that the catalyst is, at least partially, solid across the temperature range studied under ammonia flow. However, lithium–calcium imide itself is only stable at low and high temperatures under ammonia, with in situ powder diffraction showing the decomposition of the catalyst to lithium amide–imide and calcium imide at intermediate temperatures of 200–460 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas J. Wood
- ISIS Facility
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hiley CI, Lees MR, Hammond DL, Kashtiban RJ, Sloan J, Smith RI, Walton RI. Ba4Ru3O10.2(OH)1.8: a new member of the layered hexagonal perovskite family crystallised from water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6375-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two chemical reagents in water at 200 °C yield a complex barium ruthenate with a new 8H perovskite stacking sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy Sloan
- Department of Physics
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vaqueiro P, Al Orabi RAR, Luu SDN, Guélou G, Powell AV, Smith RI, Song JP, Wee D, Fornari M. The role of copper in the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric oxychalcogenides: do lone pairs matter? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:31735-40. [PMID: 26559565 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06192j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms that suppress thermal conduction in solids is of paramount importance for the targeted design of materials for thermal management and thermoelectric energy conversion applications. Bismuth copper oxychalcogenides, BiOCuQ (Q = Se, Te), are highly crystalline thermoelectric materials with an unusually low lattice thermal conductivity of ∼0.5 Wm(-1) K(-1), a value normally found in amorphous materials. Here we unveil the origin of the unusual thermal transport properties of these phases. First principles calculations of the vibrational properties combined with analysis of in-situ neutron diffraction data, demonstrate that weak bonding of copper atoms within the structure leads to an unexpected vibrational mode at low frequencies, which is likely to be a major contributor to the low thermal conductivity of these materials. In addition, we show that anharmonicity and the large Grüneisen parameter in these oxychalcogenides are mainly related to the low frequency copper vibrations, rather than to the Bi(3+) lone pairs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Vaqueiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bull CL, Playford HY, Knight KS, Marshall WG, Stenning GBG, Smith RI, Hart Z. New insights into the phase diagram of a magnetic perovskite, LaCo₁/₃Mn₂/₃O₃. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:165401. [PMID: 25816853 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/16/165401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the crystal structure of the orthorhombic perovskite LaCo1/3Mn2/3O3 as determined by neutron diffraction from 5-300 K. A high-temperature x-ray diffraction study is also reported from 290-900 K. At temperatures above 570 K, LaCo1/3Mn2/3O3 transforms to a rhombohedral structure with space group R3̄c. This rhombohedral phase is also observed in the material at high pressure and the crystal structure has been determined by in situ neutron diffraction at 4.7 GPa. Finally, the ferromagnetic behaviour has been determined by magnetometry and the magnetic structure has been determined using low temperature neutron diffraction at ambient pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Bull
- ISIS, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Popuri SR, Redpath D, Chan G, Smith RI, Cespedes O, Bos JWG. Antisite-disorder, magnetic and thermoelectric properties of Mo-rich Sr2Fe1−yMo1+yO6 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.2) double perovskites. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10621-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03307h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A-site deficiency does not survive in Sr2−xFeMoO6 and instead Mo-rich Sr2Fe1−yMo1+yO6 perovskites, characterised by the gradual disordering of Fe and Mo, form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa R. Popuri
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Energy Storage and Recovery
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Debbie Redpath
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Energy Storage and Recovery
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Gavin Chan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Energy Storage and Recovery
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Oxford
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - Jan-Willem G. Bos
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Energy Storage and Recovery
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tapia-Ruiz N, Laveda JV, Smith RI, Corr SA, Gregory DH. Ultra-rapid microwave synthesis of Li3−x−yMxN (M = Co, Ni and Cu) nitridometallates. Inorg Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00145e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phase-pure ternary lithium nitrides with demonstrable Li+ ion vacancy concentrations can be synthesised by low power microwave reactions in times reduced by orders of magnitude over conventional heating approaches; the electrochemical performance of the materials has been determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Tapia-Ruiz
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G82 5EZ
- UK
| | | | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Oxford
- Didcot OX11 0QX
- UK
| | - Serena A. Corr
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G82 5EZ
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lindsay-Scott A, Dobson D, Nestola F, Alvaro M, Casati N, Liebske C, Knight KS, Smith RI, Wood IG. Time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction with milligram samples: the crystal structures of NaCoF3and NaNiF3post-perovskites. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714021803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the recently upgraded Polaris diffractometer at the ISIS Spallation Neutron Source (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory), the crystal structures of the post-perovskite polymorphs of NaCoF3and NaNiF3have been determined by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction from samples, of mass 56 and 16 mg, respectively, recovered after synthesis at ∼20 GPa in a multi-anvil press. The structure of post-perovskite NaNiF3has also been determined by single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction for comparison. All measurements were made at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Despite the extremely small sample size in the neutron diffraction study, there is very good agreement between the positional parameters for NaNiF3obtained from the refinements of the X-ray and neutron data. Relative to the commonly used oxide post-perovskite analogue phases having calcium as theAcation, the axial ratios and derived structural parameters of these fluoride post-perovskites are more consistent with those of Mg0.91Fe0.09SiO3at high pressure and temperature. The structures of NaCoF3and NaNiF3are very similar, but the unit-cell and CoF6octahedral volumes of NaCoF3are larger than the corresponding quantities in NaNiF3, which supports the hypothesis that the Co2+ion has a high-spin state in this compound. The anisotropic atomic displacement parameters of the Na ions in NaNiF3post-perovskite are of similar magnitude to those of the F ions. The probability ellipsoid of the F1 ion is a prolate spheroid with its largest component parallel to thebaxis of the unit cell, corresponding to rotational motion of the NiF6octahedra about theaaxis of the crystal. Although they must be synthesized at pressures above about 18 GPa, theseABF3compounds are strongly metastable at atmospheric pressure and room temperature and so are highly suitable for use as analogues for (Mg,Fe)SiO3post-perovskite in the deep Earth, with significant advantages over oxides such as CaIrO3or CaPtO3.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hiley CI, Lees MR, Fisher JM, Thompsett D, Agrestini S, Smith RI, Walton RI. Ruthenium(V) oxides from low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4423-7. [PMID: 24644102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-temperature (200 °C) hydrothermal synthesis of the ruthenium oxides Ca1.5 Ru2 O7 , SrRu2 O6 , and Ba2 Ru3 O9 (OH) is reported. Ca1.5 Ru2 O7 is a defective pyrochlore containing Ru(V/VI) ; SrRu2 O6 is a layered Ru(V) oxide with a PbSb2 O6 structure, whilst Ba2 Ru3 O9 (OH) has a previously unreported structure type with orthorhombic symmetry solved from synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. SrRu2 O6 exhibits unusually high-temperature magnetic order, with antiferromagnetism persisting to at least 500 K, and refinement using room temperature neutron powder diffraction data provides the magnetic structure. All three ruthenates are metastable and readily collapse to mixtures of other oxides upon heating in air at temperatures around 300-500 °C, suggesting they would be difficult, if not impossible, to isolate under conventional high-temperature solid-state synthesis conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig I Hiley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL (UK)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hiley CI, Lees MR, Fisher JM, Thompsett D, Agrestini S, Smith RI, Walton RI. Ruthenium(V) Oxides from Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
43
|
Reis S, Morris G, Fleming LE, Beck S, Taylor T, White M, Depledge MH, Steinle S, Sabel CE, Cowie H, Hurley F, Dick JM, Smith RI, Austen M. Integrating health and environmental impact analysis. Public Health 2013; 129:1383-9. [PMID: 24099716 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Scientific investigations have progressively refined our understanding of the influence of the environment on human health, and the many adverse impacts that human activities exert on the environment, from the local to the planetary level. Nonetheless, throughout the modern public health era, health has been pursued as though our lives and lifestyles are disconnected from ecosystems and their component organisms. The inadequacy of the societal and public health response to obesity, health inequities, and especially global environmental and climate change now calls for an ecological approach which addresses human activity in all its social, economic and cultural complexity. The new approach must be integral to, and interactive, with the natural environment. We see the continuing failure to truly integrate human health and environmental impact analysis as deeply damaging, and we propose a new conceptual model, the ecosystems-enriched Drivers, Pressures, State, Exposure, Effects, Actions or 'eDPSEEA' model, to address this shortcoming. The model recognizes convergence between the concept of ecosystems services which provides a human health and well-being slant to the value of ecosystems while equally emphasizing the health of the environment, and the growing calls for 'ecological public health' as a response to global environmental concerns now suffusing the discourse in public health. More revolution than evolution, ecological public health will demand new perspectives regarding the interconnections among society, the economy, the environment and our health and well-being. Success must be built on collaborations between the disparate scientific communities of the environmental sciences and public health as well as interactions with social scientists, economists and the legal profession. It will require outreach to political and other stakeholders including a currently largely disengaged general public. The need for an effective and robust science-policy interface has never been more pressing. Conceptual models can facilitate this by providing theoretical frameworks and supporting stakeholder engagement process simplifications for inherently complex situations involving environment and human health and well-being. They can be tools to think with, to engage, to communicate and to help navigate in a sea of complexity. We believe models such as eDPSEEA can help frame many of the issues which have become the challenges of the new public health era and can provide the essential platforms necessary for progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Reis
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - G Morris
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK
| | - L E Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK
| | - S Beck
- NHS Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, Glasgow G2 6QE, UK
| | - T Taylor
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK
| | - M White
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK
| | - M H Depledge
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK
| | - S Steinle
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK; Geography, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - C E Sabel
- Geography, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK; European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK
| | - H Cowie
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - F Hurley
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - J McP Dick
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK
| | - R I Smith
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK
| | - M Austen
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Link P, Glatzel P, Kvashnina K, Trots DM, Smith RI, Ruschewitz U. Structure induced Yb valence changes in the solid solution Yb(x)Ca(1-x)C2. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7020-30. [PMID: 23721507 DOI: 10.1021/ic400531j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The solid solution Yb(x)Ca(1-x)C2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) was synthesized by reaction of the elements at 1323 K. The crystal structures within this solid solution, as elucidated from synchrotron powder diffraction data, depend on x and exhibit some interesting features that point to a structure dependent valence state of Yb. Compounds with x ≥ 0.75 crystallize in the tetragonal CaC2 type structure (I4/mmm, Z = 2) and obey Vegard's law; for x ≤ 0.75 the monoclinic ThC2 type structure (C2/c, Z = 4) is found, which coexists with the monoclinic CaC2-III type structure (C2/m, Z = 4) for x ≤ 0.25. The monoclinic modifications show a strong deviation from Vegard's law. Their unit cell volumes are remarkably larger than expected for a typical Vegard system. HERFD-XANES spectroscopic investigations reveal that different Yb valence states are responsible for the observed volume anomalies. While all tetragonal compounds contain mixed-valent Yb with ∼75% Yb(3+) (similar to pure YbC2), all monoclinic modifications contain exclusively Yb(2+). Therefore, Yb(x)Ca(1-x)C2 is a very rare example of a Yb containing compound showing a strong structure dependence of the Yb valence state. Moreover, temperature dependent synchrotron powder diffraction, neutron TOF powder diffraction, and HERFD-XANES spectroscopy experiments reveal significant Yb valence changes in some compounds of the Yb(x)Ca(1-x)C2 series that are induced by temperature dependent phase transitions. Transitions from the tetragonal CaC2 type structure to the monoclinic ThC2 or the cubic CaC2-IV type structure (Fm3m, Z = 4) are accompanied by drastic changes of the mean Yb valence from ∼2.70 to 2.0 in compounds with x = 0.75 and x = 0.91. Finally, the determination of lattice strain arising inside the modifications with ordered dumbbells (ThC2 and CaC2 type structures) by DSC measurements corroborated our results concerning the close relationship between crystal structure and Yb valence in the solid solution Yb(x)Ca(1-x)C2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Link
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Clemens O, Wright AJ, Berry FJ, Smith RI, Slater PR. Synthesis, structural and magnetic characterisation of the fully fluorinated compound 6H–BaFeO2F. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
Thermoelectric figures of merit, ZT > 0.5, have been obtained in arc-melted TiNiSn-based ingots. This promising conversion efficiency is due to a low lattice thermal conductivity, which is attributed to excess nickel in the half-Heusler structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Downie
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Energy Storage and Recovery, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH 14 4AS, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Powell AS, Stoeva Z, Lord JS, Smith RI, Gregory DH, Titman JJ. Insight into lithium transport in lithium nitridometallate battery materials from muon spin relaxation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43318d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Ok KM, Lee DW, Smith RI, O’Hare D. Time-Resolved in Situ Neutron Diffraction under Supercritical Hydrothermal Conditions: A Study of the Synthesis of KTiOPO4. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17889-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3088696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot
OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Dermot O’Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1
3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Bailey AS, Hughes RW, Hubberstey P, Ritter C, Smith RI, Gregory DH. New Ternary and Quaternary Barium Nitride Halides; Synthesis and Crystal Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:9545-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201264u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Bailey
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W. Hughes
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hubberstey
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Ritter
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 6, rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156−38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan H. Gregory
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|