1
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Wang W, Li H, Huang W, Chen C, Xu C, Ruan H, Li B, Li H. Recent development and trends in the detection of peroxide-based explosives. Talanta 2023; 264:124763. [PMID: 37290336 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxide-based explosives (PBEs) are increasingly common in criminal and terrorist activity due to their easy synthesis and high explosive power. The rise in terrorist attacks involving PBEs has heightened the importance of detecting trace amounts of explosive residue or vapors. This paper aims to provide a review on the developments of techniques and instruments for detecting PBEs over the past ten years, specifically discussing advancements in ion mobility spectrometry, ambient mass spectrometry, fluorescence techniques, colorimetric methods, and electrochemical methods. We provide examples to illustrate their evolution and focus on new strategies for improving detection performance, specifically in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, high-throughput, and wide explosives coverage. Finally, we discuss future prospects for PBE detection. It is hoped this treatment will serve as a guide to the novitiate and as aid memoire to the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; Jinkai Instrument (Dalian) Company Limited, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Yunnan Police Officer Academy, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Sağlam Ş, Üzer A, Apak R. Direct Determination of Peroxide Explosives on Polycarbazole/Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Glassy Carbon Sensor Electrodes Imprinted for Molecular Recognition of TATP and HMTD. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17662-17669. [PMID: 36472413 PMCID: PMC9773174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since peroxide-based explosives (PBEs) lack reactive functional groups, they cannot be determined directly by most detection methods and are often detected indirectly by converting them to H2O2. However, H2O2 may originate from many sources, causing false positives in PBE detection. Here, we developed a novel electrochemical sensor for the direct sensitive and selective determination of PBEs such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) using electrochemical modification of the glassy carbon (GC) electrode with PBE-memory polycarbazole (PCz) films decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The prepared electrodes were named TATP-memory-GC/PCz/AuNPs (used for TATP determination) and HMTD-memory-GC/PCz/AuNPs (used for HMTD detection). The calibration lines of TATP and HMTD were found in the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg L-1 using the net current intensities of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) versus analyte concentrations. The limit of detection (LOD) commonly found was 15 μg L-1 for TATP and HMTD. The sensor electrodes could separately determine intact TATP and HMTD in the presence of nitro-aromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester energetic materials. The proposed electrochemical sensing method was not interfered by electroactive substances such as paracetamol, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid, aspartame, d-glucose, and detergent (containing perborate and percarbonate) used as camouflage materials for PBEs. This is the first molecularly imprinted polymeric electrode for PBEs accomplishing such low LODs, and the DPV method was statistically validated in contaminated clay soil samples against the GC-MS method for TATP and a spectrophotometric method for HMTD using t- and F-tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şener Sağlam
- Engineering
Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, 34320Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Engineering
Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, 34320Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - Reşat Apak
- Engineering
Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, 34320Istanbul, Turkey,Turkish
Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Bayraktar Neighborhood, Vedat Dalokay st. No.: 112, Cankaya, 06670Ankara, Turkey,
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3
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Nsuamani ML, Zolotovskaya S, Abdolvand A, Daeid NN, Adegoke O. Thiolated gamma-cyclodextrin-polymer-functionalized CeFe 3O 4 magnetic nanocomposite as an intrinsic nanocatalyst for the selective and ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of triacetone triperoxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136108. [PMID: 35995197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Explosives are powerful destructive weapons used by criminals and terrorists across the globe and their use within military installation sites poses serious environmental health problems. Existing colorimetric sensors for triacetone triperoxide (TATP) relies on detecting its hydrolysed H2O2 form. However, such detection strategy limits the practicability for on-site TATP sensing. In this work, we have developed a novel peroxidase mimic catalytic colorimetric sensor for direct recognition of TATP. Ceria (Ce)-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (CeFe3O4) were synthesized via the hot-injection organic synthetic route in the presence of metal precursors and organic ligands. Thereafter, the organic-capped CeFe3O4 nanoparticles were surface-functionalized with amphiphilic polymers (Amp-poly) to render the nanoparticle stable, compact and biocompatible. Thiolated γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was adsorbed on the Amp-poly-CeFe3O4 nanocomposite (NC) surface to form a γ-CD-Amp-poly-CeFe3O4 NC. γ-CD served both as a receptor and as a catalytic enhancer for TATP. Hemin (H), used as a catalytic signal amplifier was adsorbed on the γ-CD-Amp-poly-CeFe3O4 NC surface to form a γ-CD-Amp-poly-CeFe3O4-H NC that served as a functional nanozyme for the enhanced catalytic colorimetric detection of TATP. Under optimum experimental reaction conditions, TATP prepared in BIS-TRIS-Trisma Ac-KAc-NAc buffer, pH 3, was selectively and ultrasensitively detected without the need for acid hydrolysis based on the catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine by H2O2 in the presence of the γ-CD-Amp-poly-CeFe3O4-H hybrid nanozyme. The obtained limit of detection of ∼0.05 μg/mL when compared with other published probes demonstrated superior sensitivity. The developed peroxidase mimic γ-CD-Amp-poly-CeFe3O4-H catalytic colorimetric sensor was successfully applied to detect TATP in soil, river water and tap water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Nsuamani
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Svetlana Zolotovskaya
- Materials Science & Engineering Research Cluster, School of Science & Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Amin Abdolvand
- Materials Science & Engineering Research Cluster, School of Science & Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Niamh Nic Daeid
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Oluwasesan Adegoke
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.
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4
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Uzunboy S, Neslihan Avan A, Demirci-Çekiç S, Apak R. Indirect Colorimetric Determination of Trace Hydrogen Peroxide by its Oxidizing Power on Chromium(III) Oxide Nanoparticles. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Arman A, Sağlam Ş, Üzer A, Apak R. Direct Electrochemical Determination of Peroxide-Type Explosives Using Well-Dispersed Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyethyleneimine-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11451-11460. [PMID: 34425678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive and selective determination of peroxide-based explosives (PBEs) in the field/on site is an important analytical challenge. Most methods claiming to detect PBEs are indirect, actually detecting their decomposition product, H2O2. Here, we present an electrochemical sensor for direct detection of organic peroxide explosives, that is, triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethylenetriperoxide diamine (HMTD), using well-dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyethyleneimine (MWCNTs/PEI)-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode, namely, GC/MWCNTs/PEI electrode. This is the first use of the conductive polyelectrolyte PEI as an electrode modifier for pristine PBE sensing. The potential range, scan rate, solvent selection, and supporting electrolyte concentration were optimized for PBEs. As a distinct advantage over other similar methods, our sensor electrode responded to intact TATP solutions in neutral medium, meaning that TATP did not interact with acids/bases that would transform it into H2O2. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 10-200 mg L-1 for TATP and 25-200 mg L-1 for HMTD. Using differential pulse voltammetry, detection limits of 1.5 mg L-1 TATP and 3.0 mg L-1 HMTD were obtained from direct electrochemical reduction in 80/20% (v/v) H2O-acetone solvent medium. Electroactive camouflage materials such as passenger belongings (e.g., sweetener, detergent, sugar, and paracetamol-caffeine-based analgesic drugs), common ions, and other explosives were shown not to interfere with the proposed method. The nonresponsive behavior of our electrode to H2O2 prevents "false positives" from other peroxide materials of everyday use. This electrochemical sensor could also detect other nitro-explosives at different potentials and was statistically validated against standard GC-MS and spectrophotometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Arman
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey.,Engineering Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Şener Sağlam
- Engineering Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Engineering Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Engineering Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey.,Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Bayraktar neighborhood, Vedat Dalokay St. No: 112, Cankaya, Ankara 06670, Turkey
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6
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Zheng P, Abdurahman A, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Ai X, Li F, Zhang M. A simple organic multi-analyte fluorescent prober: One molecule realizes the detection to DNT, TATP and Sarin substitute gas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124500. [PMID: 33199143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The detections of explosives and chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are always important for global security. In this study, a simple donor (D)- acceptor (A) type small organic fluorescent triazole-based molecule (T1) is reported. T1 is composed of a central 4H-1, 2, 4-triazole (TAZ) "core" and three external triphenylamine (TPA) groups. Its spin-coating films can realize the multi-analyte fluorescent prober to detect DNT (2, 4-dinitrotoluene), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, the substitute for triacetone triperoxide (TATP)) and diethylchlorophosphate (DCP, the substitute for Sarin) vapors. Additionally, the combination of the triple sensing mechanism in the different channels affords three distinct sets of output-signal responses, these three hazardous compounds could be identified rapidly with high sensitivity and selectivity: fluorescence turn-off response to DNT, fluorescence turn-on response to H2O2 and fluorometric-colorimetric dual-channel response to DCP. T1 fluorescent probe is highly advantageous for concurrently monitoring various hazardous target substances and simultaneously possessing the desirable sensitivity and selectivity, excellent reusability. Hereby, this study provides a prototype method to build novel multifunctional fluorescent probes to explosives and CWAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Alim Abdurahman
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Yuting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Xin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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7
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Şen FB, Bener M, Bekdeşer B, Apak R. Redox-based colorimetric sensing of H 2O 2 after removal of antioxidants with ABTS radical oxidation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119266. [PMID: 33316653 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and determining H2O2 in many industries, treatment plants and biochemical media is important because of its harmful effects even at low concentrations. This work proposes a redox-based colorimetric sensor for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of antioxidants which are known interferents causing positive errors. On the other hand, the widely used peroxidase-based methods are interfered by enzyme inhibitors. The proposed method consists of two stages, namely antioxidant removal and H2O2 determination. In the first step, antioxidants were removed simply using ABTS radical (ABTS+) oxidant produced by persulfate. After antioxidant elimination, H2O2 in samples was determined by using the CUPRAC colorimetric sensor. The CUPRAC reagent, copper (II)-neocuproine (Cu(II)-Nc), immobilized on a Nafion persulfonate membrane was used for sensor preparation. The light blue Cu(II)-Nc was reduced by H2O2 to the yellow-orange colored Cu(I)-Nc chelate on the sensor, and the absorbance increase at 450 nm was recorded. The LOD and the LOQ values obtained for H2O2 were 0.33 and 1.10 µM, respectively. The proposed assay was validated in terms of linearity, additivity, precision and recovery. The H2O2 contents of spiked food extracts, synthetic serum and certain commercial products (i.e. food sterilization solution, whitening toothpaste and hair bleaching solution) were found to be comparable to the results of peroxidase-ABTS and titanyl sulfate reference assays. In addition, peroxide-type explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) was successfully determined in the presence of amine-type antioxidants. The proposed simple and low-cost assay is not inhibited by environmental agents (heavy metals, pesticides, sulfhydryl agents, etc.) adversely affecting enzymatic methods. It is additionally insensitive to turbidity and colored components of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Burak Şen
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bener
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Bekdeşer
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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8
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Apak R, Çekiç SD, Üzer A, Çapanoğlu E, Çelik SE, Bener M, Can Z, Durmazel S. Colorimetric sensors and nanoprobes for characterizing antioxidant and energetic substances. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5266-5321. [PMID: 33170182 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01521k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of analytical techniques for antioxidant compounds is important, because antioxidants that can inactivate reactive species and radicals are health-beneficial compounds, also used in the preservation of food and protection of almost every kind of organic substance from oxidation. Energetic substances include explosives, pyrotechnics, propellants and fuels, and their determination at bulk/trace levels is important for the safety and well-being of modern societies exposed to various security threats. Most of the time, in field/on site detection of these important analytes necessitates the use of colorimetric sensors and probes enabling naked-eye detection, or low-cost and easy-to-use fluorometric sensors. The use of nanosensors brings important advantages to this field of analytical chemistry due to their various physico-chemical advantages of increased surface area, surface plasmon resonance absorption of noble metal nanoparticles, and superior enzyme-mimic catalytic properties. Thus, this critical review focuses on the design strategies for colorimetric sensors and nanoprobes in characterizing antioxidant and energetic substances. In this regard, the main themes and properties in optical sensor design are defined and classified. Nanomaterial-based optical sensors/probes are discussed with respect to their mechanisms of operation, namely formation and growth of noble metal nanoparticles, their aggregation and disaggregation, displacement of active constituents by complexation or electrostatic interaction, miscellaneous mechanisms, and the choice of metallic oxide nanoparticles taking part in such formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
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9
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A field-applicable colorimetric assay for notorious explosive triacetone triperoxide through nanozyme-catalyzed irreversible oxidation of 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:431. [PMID: 32632565 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A field-applicable colorimetric assay for fast detection of notorious explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) has been developed through the selective irreversible oxidation of 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine by hydrogen peroxide (HP) liberated during the acidic hydrolysis/degradation of TATP in the presence of MnO2 nanozymes. The generated HP was detected by probing the absorbance of the product (indamine polymer) of the 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) oxidation reaction at 460.0 nm. The UV-Vis measurements provided a linear range from 1.57 to 10.50 mg L-1 TATP with a detection limit of 0.34 mg L-1. The oxidation of DAB cannot proceed by molecular oxygen, thus it is selectively oxidized by H2O2; this prevents false-positive results from laundry detergents (containing O2-releasing substances). Moreover, a naked-eye field test was developed, and a fast spot test analyzing time of 5 s was achieved. The selectivity of the assay was checked by analyzing some synthetic samples prepared with a laundry detergent as camouflage. The results of the developed assay revealed quantitative recoveries for TATP whereas the standard nanozyme-based method showed significant false-positive results. Graphical abstract.
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10
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Gökdere B, Üzer A, Durmazel S, Erçağ E, Apak R. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles-based colorimetric sensors for determination of hydrogen peroxide and triacetone triperoxide (TATP). Talanta 2019; 202:402-410. [PMID: 31171201 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to its relatively simple preparation and readily available precursors, determination of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) by portable devices has become important. In this work, two different titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs)-based colorimetric sensors based on complex formation on the solid surface were developed for determination of H2O2 and TATP. The first sensor, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) modified-TiO2NPs-based paper sensor (APTES@TiO2NPs), exploits peroxo-titanate binary complex formation between APTES@TiO2NPs and H2O2 on chromatographic paper. The second sensor, 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol-modified-TiO2NPs-based solid sensor (PAR@TiO2NPs), relies on the formation of a ternary complex between Ti(IV), PAR and H2O2. The developed sensors were also applied to TATP determination after acidic hydrolysis of samples to H2O2. The limits of detection (LODs) of APTES@TiO2NPs-based paper sensor were 3.14 × 10-4 and 5.13 × 10-4 mol L-1 for H2O2 and TATP, respectively, whereas the LODs of PAR@TiO2NPs solid sensor were 6.06 × 10-7 and 3.54 × 10-7 mol L-1 for H2O2 and TATP, respectively. Possible interferences of common soil ions, passenger belongings used as camouflage materials during public transport (e.g., detergent, sweetener, acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol-caffeine based analgesic drugs) and of other explosives were examined. The developed methods were statistically validated using t- and F- tests against the titanyl sulfate (TiOSO4) colorimetric literature method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Gökdere
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selen Durmazel
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Erçağ
- Aytar Caddesi, Fecri Ebcioğlu Sokak, No. 6/8, Levent, Istanbul, 34340, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Piyade St. No. 27, Çankaya, Ankara, 06690, Turkey.
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11
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Krivitsky V, Filanovsky B, Naddaka V, Patolsky F. Direct and Selective Electrochemical Vapor Trace Detection of Organic Peroxide Explosives via Surface Decoration. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5323-5330. [PMID: 30892020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect traces of highly energetic explosive materials sensitively, selectively, accurately, and rapidly could be of enormous benefit to civilian national security, military applications, and environmental monitoring. Unfortunately, the detection of explosives still poses a largely unmet arduous analytical problem, making their detection an issue of burning immediacy and a massive current challenge in terms of research and development. Although numerous explosive detection approaches have been developed, these methods are usually time-consuming, require bulky equipment, tedious sample preparation, a trained operator, cannot be miniaturized, and lack the ability to perform automated real-time high-throughput analysis, strongly handicapping their mass deployment. Here, we present the first demonstration of the "direct" electrochemical approach for the sensitive, selective, and rapid vapor trace detection of TATP and HMTD, under ambient conditions, unaffected by the presence of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide species, down to concentrations lower than 10 ppb. The method is based on the use of Ag-nanoparticles-decorated carbon microfibers air-collecting electrodes (μCF), which allow for the selective direct detection of the organic peroxide explosives, through opening multiple redox routes, not existent in the undecorated carbon electrodes. Finally, we demonstrate the direct and rapid detection of TATP and HMTD explosive species from real-world air samples.
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12
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Sağlam Ş, Üzer A, Erçağ E, Apak R. Electrochemical Determination of TNT, DNT, RDX, and HMX with Gold Nanoparticles/Poly(Carbazole-Aniline) Film–Modified Glassy Carbon Sensor Electrodes Imprinted for Molecular Recognition of Nitroaromatics and Nitramines. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7364-7370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Şener Sağlam
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Erçağ
- Aytar Cad., Fecri Ebcioglu Sok., No. 6/8, Levent, 34340 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Üzer A, Yalçın U, Can Z, Erçağ E, Apak R. Indirect Determination of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) with a gold nanoparticles−based colorimetric sensor. Talanta 2017; 175:243-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Zhang Y, Fu YY, Zhu DF, Xu JQ, He QG, Cheng JG. Recent advances in fluorescence sensor for the detection of peroxide explosives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Fu Y, Yao J, Xu W, Fan T, Jiao Z, He Q, Zhu D, Cao H, Cheng J. Schiff Base Substituent-Triggered Efficient Deboration Reaction and Its Application in Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Detection. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5507-12. [PMID: 27094518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The organic thin-film fluorescence probe, with the advantages of not polluting the analyte and fast response, has attracted much attention in explosive detection. Different with nitro explosives, the peroxide-based explosives are hardly to be detected because of their poor ultraviolet absorption and lack of an aromatic ring. As the signature compound of peroxide-based explosives, H2O2 vapor detection became more and more important. Boron ester or acid is considered to be a suitable functional group for the detection of hydrogen peroxide due to its reliable reactive activity. Its only drawback lies on its slow degradation velocity. In this work, we try to introduce some functional group to make the boron ester to be easily oxidized by H2O2. Herein, 4-(phenyl(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)amino)benzaldehyde (OTB) was synthesized and its imine derivatives, OTBXAs, were easily obtained just by putting OTB films in different primary amines vapors. OTBXAs show fast deboronation velocity in H2O2 vapor compared with OTB. The complete reaction time of (E)-N-phenyl-4-((propylimino)methyl)-N-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)aniline (OTBPA) was even shortened 40 times with a response time of seconds. The detection limit for H2O2 vapor was as low as 4.1 parts per trillion (ppt). Further study showed that it is a general approach to enhance the sensing performance of borate to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapor by introducing an imine into an aromatic borate molecule via a solid/vapor reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Fu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Junjun Yao
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Tianchi Fan
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zinuo Jiao
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qingguo He
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Defeng Zhu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Huimin Cao
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jiangong Cheng
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
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16
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Li Y, Zhang M, Zhang X, Xie G, Su Z, Wei G. Nanoporous Carbon Nanofibers Decorated with Platinum Nanoparticles for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing of H₂O₂. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:1891-1905. [PMID: 28347102 PMCID: PMC5304789 DOI: 10.3390/nano5041891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of nanoporous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) decorated with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) in this work by electrospining polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and subsequent carbonization and binding of PtNPs. The fabricated nanoporous CNF-PtNP hybrids were further utilized to modify glass carbon electrodes and used for the non-enzymatic amperometric biosensor for the highly sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The morphologies of the fabricated nanoporous CNF-PtNP hybrids were observed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and their structure was further investigated with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectrum. The cyclic voltammetry experiments indicate that CNF-PtNP modified electrodes have high electrocatalytic activity toward H₂O₂ and the chronoamperometry measurements illustrate that the fabricated biosensor has a high sensitivity for detecting H₂O₂. We anticipate that the strategies utilized in this work will not only guide the further design and fabrication of functional nanofiber-based biomaterials and nanodevices, but also extend the potential applications in energy storage, cytology, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Mingfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guocheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- Hybrid Materials Interface Group, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany.
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17
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Can Z, Üzer A, Türkekul K, Erçağ E, Apak R. Determination of Triacetone Triperoxide with a N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine Sensor on Nafion Using Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9589-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziya Can
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Kader Türkekul
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Erol Erçağ
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
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18
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Li Z, Bassett WP, Askim JR, Suslick KS. Differentiation among peroxide explosives with an optoelectronic nose. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15312-5. [PMID: 26340082 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06221g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Forensic identification of batches of homemade explosives (HME) poses a difficult analytical challenge. Differentiation among peroxide explosives is reported herein using a colorimetric sensor array and handheld scanner with a field-appropriate sampling protocol. Clear discrimination was demonstrated among twelve peroxide samples prepared from different reagents, with a classification accuracy >98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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19
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Xu W, Fu Y, Gao Y, Yao J, Fan T, Zhu D, He Q, Cao H, Cheng J. A simple but highly efficient multi-formyl phenol–amine system for fluorescence detection of peroxide explosive vapour. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10868-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03406j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, highly stable, sensitive and selective fluorescent system for peroxide explosives was developedviaan aromatic aldehyde oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Yanyan Fu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Yixun Gao
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Junjun Yao
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Tianchi Fan
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Defeng Zhu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Qingguo He
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Huimin Cao
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Jiangong Cheng
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
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20
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He C, Zhu D, He Q, Shi L, Fu Y, Wen D, Cao H, Cheng J. A highly efficient fluorescent sensor of explosive peroxide vapor via ZnO nanorod array catalyzed deboronation of pyrenyl borate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5739-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31386c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Salinas Y, Martínez-Máñez R, Marcos MD, Sancenón F, Costero AM, Parra M, Gil S. Optical chemosensors and reagents to detect explosives. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:1261-96. [PMID: 21947358 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This critical review is focused on examples reported from 1947 to 2010 related to the design of chromo-fluorogenic chemosensors and reagents for explosives (141 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Salinas
- Centro Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - Universitat de València, Spain
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22
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Ding B, Si Y, Wang X, Yu J, Feng L, Sun G. Label-free ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of copper(ii) ions utilizing polyaniline/polyamide-6 nano-fiber/net sensor strips. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11851j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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