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Deckenbach D, Schneider JJ. Toward a Metal Anode-Free Zinc-Air Battery for Next-Generation Energy Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311065. [PMID: 38319023 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-air batteries (ZABs) promise high energy density and safety. However, the use of conventional zinc anodes affects the energy output from the battery, so that the theoretical energy density is not achievable under operation conditions. A large portion of the zinc is shielded by anode passivation during the discharge process and remains electrochemically unused, making the operation of rechargeable ZABs inefficient up to date. In a metal anode-free ZAB, there is no unnecessary excess zinc if the zinc reservoir can be precisely adjusted by electrodeposition of zinc from the electrolyte. In this respect, an anode-free battery uses the electrolyte offering a dual-mode functionality not only providing ionic conductivity but also being the source of zinc. In addition, it is shown that a defined porous anode architecture is crucial for high rechargeability in this new type of ZAB. 3D-spatially arranged carbon nanotubes as geometrically defined host structures allow a homogeneous zinc deposition from the electrolyte. Together with carbon nanohorns as an active 2e- catalyst on the cathode side, the rechargeability of this new concept reaches up to 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Deckenbach
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Kim YS, Oh JY, Kim JH, Shin MH, Jeong YC, Sung SJ, Park J, Yang SJ, Park CR. Crucial Role of Oxidation Debris of Carbon Nanotubes in Subsequent End-Use Applications of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:17552-17564. [PMID: 28460171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile purification method for oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is developed to preserve acidic carbon compounds (ACCs) for achieving high-quality dispersion of CNTs. The remaining ACCs, which originated from the surface destruction of CNTs during the oxidation process, are considered to play a crucial role in the dispersion of CNTs in water and various polar protic solvents. To elucidate the concrete role of ACCs, a direct titration method is applied to quantitatively investigate the degree of ionization of both CNTs and ACCs in their aqueous dispersions. While ACCs with strong carboxylic groups (pKa of around 2.9) are easily removed by the neutral or base washing of oxidized CNTs, which is common in the purification process, ACC-selective purification using acid washing preserves the ACCs attached to CNTs, thereby effectively stabilizing CNT dispersions in aqueous solutions. Additionally, the Hansen solubility parameters of ACC-preserved and ACC-removed CNTs were determined by the inverse gas chromatography method to estimate their miscibility in various solvents. The preserved ACCs significantly influenced the dispersibility of CNTs in polar protic solvents, which may widen the possible application of CNTs. Specifically, the ACC-preserved high-quality CNT dispersion produces high-performance CNT buckypaper with densely packed nanostructures. The Young's modulus and tensile strength of these buckypapers reach up to 12.0 and 91.0 MPa, respectively, which exceed those of ACC-removed CNTs in previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yern Seung Kim
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Oh
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Nanohybrids Laboratory, Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Shin
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Chan Jeong
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Jin Sung
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Yang
- Advanced Nanohybrids Laboratory, Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Rae Park
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Prasad BB, Fatma S. One MoNomer doubly imprinted dendrimer nanofilm modified pencil graphite electrode for simultaneous electrochemical determination of norepinephrine and uric acid. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ballestero D, Juan R, Gómez-Giménez C, García-Díez E, Ruiz C, Rubio B, Izquierdo MT. Novel methodology for gold nanoparticles deposition on carbon monolith supports. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Yan L, Zhao F, Li S, Hu Z, Zhao Y. Low-toxic and safe nanomaterials by surface-chemical design, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, metallofullerenes, and graphenes. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:362-382. [PMID: 21157592 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity grade for a bulk material can be approximately determined by three factors (chemical composition, dose, and exposure route). However, for a nanomaterial it depends on more than ten factors. Interestingly, some nano-factors (like huge surface adsorbability, small size, etc.) that endow nanomaterials with new biomedical functions are also potential causes leading to toxicity or damage to the living organism. Is it possible to create safe nanomaterials if such a number of complicated factors need to be regulated? We herein try to find answers to this important question. We first discuss chemical processes that are applicable for nanosurface modifications, in order to improve biocompatibility, regulate ADME, and reduce the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, metallofullerenes, and graphenes). Then the biological/toxicological effects of surface-modified and unmodified carbon nanomaterials are comparatively discussed from two aspects: the lowered toxic responses or the enhanced biomedical functions. We summarize the eight biggest challenges in creating low-toxicity and safer nanomaterials and some significant topics of future research needs: to find out safer nanofactors; to establish controllable surface modifications and simpler chemistries for low-toxic nanomaterials; to explore the nanotoxicity mechanisms; to justify the validity of current toxicological theories in nanotoxicology; to create standardized nanomaterials for toxicity tests; to build theoretical models for cellular and molecular interactions of nanoparticles; and to establish systematical knowledge frameworks for nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), National Center for Nanosciences and Technology of China, Beijing, 100049, China
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Huang JQ, Zhang Q, Zhao MQ, Xu GH, Wei F. Patterning of hydrophobic three-dimensional carbon nanotube architectures by a pattern transfer approach. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:1401-1404. [PMID: 20820723 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic three-dimensional carbon nanotube architectures with patterned morphologies have been fabricated by a pattern transfer method, in which the components of the masks served as promoters/inhibitors to increase/decrease the catalyst activity for the self-organization of carbon nanotubes into a family of patterned nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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