1
|
Munz D, Meyer K. Charge frustration in ligand design and functional group transfer. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:422-439. [PMID: 37118028 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with different resonance structures of similar importance, such as heterocumulenes and mesoionics, are prominent in many applications of chemistry, including 'click chemistry', photochemistry, switching and sensing. In coordination chemistry, similar chameleonic/schizophrenic entities are referred to as ambidentate/ambiphilic or cooperative ligands. Examples of these had remained, for a long time, limited to a handful of archetypal compounds that were mere curiosities. In this Review, we describe ambiphilicity - or, rather, 'charge frustration' - as a general guiding principle for ligand design and functional group transfer. We first give a historical account of organic zwitterions and discuss their electronic structures and applications. Our discussion then focuses on zwitterionic ligands and their metal complexes, such as those of ylidic and redox-active ligands. Finally, we present new approaches to single-atom transfer using cumulated small molecules and outline emerging areas, such as bond activation and stable donor-acceptor ligand systems for reversible 1e- chemistry or switching.
Collapse
|
2
|
The Quinonoid Zwitterion Interlayer for the Improvement of Charge Carrier Mobility in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101567. [PMID: 34068290 PMCID: PMC8153292 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interface between the semiconductor and the dielectric layer plays a crucial role in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) because it is at the interface that charge carriers are accumulated and transported. In this study, four zwitterionic benzoquinonemonoimine dyes featuring alkyl and aryl N-substituents were used to cover the dielectric layers in OFET structures. The best interlayer material, containing aliphatic side groups, increased charge carrier mobility in the measured systems. This improvement can be explained by the reduction in the number of the charge carrier trapping sites at the dielectric active layer interface from 1014 eV−1 cm−2 to 2 × 1013 eV−1 cm−2. The density of the traps was one order of magnitude lower compared to the unmodified transistors. This resulted in an increase in charge carrier mobility in the tested poly [2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno [3,2-b]thiophene)] (DPPDTT)-based transistors to 5.4 × 10−1 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruiz AT, Bousquet MHE, Pascal S, Canard G, Mazan V, Elhabiri M, Jacquemin D, Siri O. Small Panchromatic and NIR Absorbers from Quinoid Zwitterions. Org Lett 2020; 22:7997-8001. [PMID: 32991186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transamination of oxoaminobenzoquinonemonoimine (BQI derivatives), an unconventional zwitterionic quinone, allows isolation of a series of compounds featuring electron-donating aryl auxochromes. The substitution has a very strong impact on the electrochemical and optical features, which is rationalized by theoretical calculations. Protonation and alkylation of the BQIs toward the corresponding cations lead to surprising red-shifts of the absorption, especially in the instance of the most electron-rich dyes that exhibit panchromatic absorption spanning up to the near-infrared (NIR) region, a remarkable achievement for such small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélina Torres Ruiz
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7325, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Campus de Luminy, Marseille 13288 Cedex 09, France
| | - Manon H E Bousquet
- Laboratoire CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230, Université de Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Simon Pascal
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7325, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Campus de Luminy, Marseille 13288 Cedex 09, France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7325, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Campus de Luminy, Marseille 13288 Cedex 09, France
| | - Valérie Mazan
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Médicinale, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Médicinale, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230, Université de Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Siri
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7325, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Campus de Luminy, Marseille 13288 Cedex 09, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin Y, Li X, Liu X, Liu L, Wang W, Wang Z, Liao Y, Tang X, Zheng Y. Quinonoid Zwitterion: An Amphiphilic Cathode Interlayer with Initial Thickness-Insensitive and Self-Organizing Properties for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3792-3799. [PMID: 31874561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Orthogonal solvent processability is generally considered as one of the key requirements for an efficient interfacial material. Here, we showed that in inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs), solvent orthogonality is not required for an effective and reliable cathode interlayer. A quinonoid zwitterionic molecule with amphiphilic property [dissolved in both methanol and o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB)] named ZW-Bu was first applied as the cathode interlayer in inverted PSCs. For three different photoactive systems, the devices with ZW-Bu cathode buffer layers (CBLs) exhibited better performance than those with commonly used ZnO CBLs. Most importantly, the device efficiency was fairly insensitive to the initial thickness of ZW-Bu. In addition, due to the high surface energy of the ZW-Bu film, it was successfully used as a self-organized CBL in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) systems, yielding a desirable efficiency compared to the PSCs fabricated via the layer-by-layer deposition method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Ze Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Liao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahmood A, Yang CS, Jang S, Routaboul L, Chang H, Ghisolfi A, Braunstein P, Bernard L, Verduci T, Dayen JF, Samorì P, Lee JO, Doudin B. Tuning graphene transistors through ad hoc electrostatics induced by a nanometer-thick molecular underlayer. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19705-19712. [PMID: 31620768 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the modulation of the electrical properties of graphene-based transistors that mirror the properties of a few nanometers thick layer made of dipolar molecules sandwiched in between the 2D material and the SiO2 dielectric substrate. The chemical composition of the films of quinonemonoimine zwitterion molecules adsorbed onto SiO2 has been explored by means of X-ray photoemission and mass spectroscopy. Graphene-based devices are then fabricated by transferring the 2D material onto the molecular film, followed by the deposition of top source-drain electrodes. The degree of supramolecular order in disordered films of dipolar molecules was found to be partially improved as a result of the electric field at low temperatures, as revealed by the emergence of hysteresis in the transfer curves of the transistors. The use of molecules from the same family, which are suitably designed to interact with the dielectric surface, results in the disappearance of the hysteresis. DFT calculations confirm that the dressing of the molecules by an external electric field exhibits multiple minimal energy landscapes that explain the thermally stabilized capacitive coupling observed. This study demonstrates that the design and exploitation of ad hoc molecules as an interlayer between a dielectric substrate and graphene represents a powerful tool for tuning the electrical properties of the 2D material. Conversely, graphene can be used as an indicator of the stability of molecular layers, by providing insight into the energetics of ordering of dipolar molecules under the effect of electrical gating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ather Mahmood
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Cheol-Soo Yang
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 19 Sinseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea.
| | - Seunghun Jang
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 19 Sinseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea.
| | - Lucie Routaboul
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France and University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hyunju Chang
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 19 Sinseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea.
| | - Alessio Ghisolfi
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laetitia Bernard
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tindara Verduci
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-François Dayen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jeong-O Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 19 Sinseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea.
| | - Bernard Doudin
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Behyan S, Gritzalis D, Schmidt R, Kebede E, Cuccia LA, DeWolf C. Structural organization and phase behaviour of meta-substituted dioctadecylaminobenzoquinones at the air/water interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2345-2350. [PMID: 30657501 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural organization and phase behaviour of an amphiphilic zwitterionic quinonemonoimine at the air/water interface are presented. Brewster angle microscopy reveals multiple co-existing phases are observed over the entire isotherm while grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) shows that these comprise both tilted, untilted and multilayer structures with crystalline headgroups. Despite the heterogeneity, the phase transitions are highly reversible over multiple cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Behyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Papamokos G, Wudarczyk J, Graf R, Schollmeyer D, Baumgarten M, Müllen K, Floudas G. Dipolar Relaxation in Functionalized Poly- p-phenylenes Bearing Ultrastrong Dipoles Perpendicular to the Backbone. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Papamokos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Jakob Wudarczyk
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bonneau N, Chen G, Lachkar D, Boufridi A, Gallard JF, Retailleau P, Petek S, Debitus C, Evanno L, Beniddir MA, Poupon E. An Unprecedented Blue Chromophore Found in Nature using a “Chemistry First” and Molecular Networking Approach: Discovery of Dactylocyanines A-H. Chemistry 2017; 23:14454-14461. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Bonneau
- Équipe “Pharmacognosie-chimie des substances naturelles” BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 5 rue J.-B. Clément 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Guanming Chen
- Équipe “Pharmacognosie-chimie des substances naturelles” BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 5 rue J.-B. Clément 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - David Lachkar
- Équipe “Pharmacognosie-chimie des substances naturelles” BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 5 rue J.-B. Clément 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Asmaa Boufridi
- Équipe “Pharmacognosie-chimie des substances naturelles” BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 5 rue J.-B. Clément 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Jean-François Gallard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, ICSN UPR 2301; Université Paris-Saclay; 21 avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, ICSN UPR 2301; Université Paris-Saclay; 21 avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Sylvain Petek
- LEMAR, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS; Université de Bretagne Occidentale; Institut Universitaire Européen de la MER (IUEM); Technopôle Brest-Iroise; Rue Dumont d'Urville 29280 Plouzané France
| | - Cécile Debitus
- LEMAR, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS; Université de Bretagne Occidentale; Institut Universitaire Européen de la MER (IUEM); Technopôle Brest-Iroise; Rue Dumont d'Urville 29280 Plouzané France
| | - Laurent Evanno
- Équipe “Pharmacognosie-chimie des substances naturelles” BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 5 rue J.-B. Clément 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Mehdi A. Beniddir
- Équipe “Pharmacognosie-chimie des substances naturelles” BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 5 rue J.-B. Clément 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Erwan Poupon
- Équipe “Pharmacognosie-chimie des substances naturelles” BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 5 rue J.-B. Clément 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wudarczyk J, Papamokos G, Marszalek T, Nevolianis T, Schollmeyer D, Pisula W, Floudas G, Baumgarten M, Müllen K. Dicyanobenzothiadiazole Derivatives Possessing Switchable Dielectric Permittivities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20527-20535. [PMID: 28562012 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiadiazoles are important electron acceptors and are frequently employed as electron-deficient components of donor-acceptor polymers. We report the effect of nitrile functionalities on the reactivity, steric hindrance, optoelectronic properties, and dielectric permittivity in dicyanobenzothioadiazole (DCNBT). Dielectric spectroscopy in the bulk and in solution assisted by DFT-calculations revealed that these molecules can be engineered to engender maximum values of the dipole moment and of dielectric permittivity due to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the nitrile groups. The self-assembly in the bulk was investigated by X-ray scattering performed on single crystals, fibers (2D-WAXS), and thin films (GiWAXS). Combining these results, we found a switching of dielectric permittivity of the 4,7-alkylthienyl-substituted dicyanobenzothiadiazole at the transition from the liquid crystalline to the isotropic phase with values capable of competing with the best known rodlike liquid crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wudarczyk
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Papamokos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Nevolianis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Routaboul L, Tanabe I, Santana JC, Yuan M, Ghisolfi A, Garcia WS, Dowben PA, Doudin B, Braunstein P. Changes in molecular film metallicity with minor modifications of the constitutive quinonoid zwitterions. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic properties of molecular films formed by quinonoid zwitterions deposited on gold are highly dependent on the nature of the N-substituent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Routaboul
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
| | - Iori Tanabe
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Juan Colon Santana
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Minghui Yuan
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
| | - Alessio Ghisolfi
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
| | - William Serrano Garcia
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Peter A. Dowben
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | | | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yuan M, Tanabe I, Bernard-Schaaf JM, Shi QY, Schlegel V, Schurhammer R, Dowben PA, Doudin B, Routaboul L, Braunstein P. Influence of steric hindrance on the molecular packing and the anchoring of quinonoid zwitterions on gold surfaces. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The N-substituent on quinonoid zwitterions influences the molecules packing and impacts their anchoring on gold surfaces.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nguyen A, Sharma P, Scott T, Preciado E, Klee V, Sun D, Lu IHD, Barroso D, Kim S, Shur VY, Akhmatkhanov AR, Gruverman A, Bartels L, Dowben PA. Toward Ferroelectric Control of Monolayer MoS2. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:3364-3369. [PMID: 25909996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) single-layer films onto periodically poled lithium niobate is possible while maintaining the substrate polarization pattern. The MoS2 growth exhibits a preference for the ferroelectric domains polarized "up" with respect to the surface so that the MoS2 film may be templated by the substrate ferroelectric polarization pattern without the need for further lithography. MoS2 monolayers preserve the surface polarization of the "up" domains, while slightly quenching the surface polarization on the "down" domains as revealed by piezoresponse force microscopy. Electrical transport measurements suggest changes in the dominant carrier for CVD MoS2 under application of an external voltage, depending on the domain orientation of the ferroelectric substrate. Such sensitivity to ferroelectric substrate polarization opens the possibility for ferroelectric nonvolatile gating of transition metal dichalcogenides in scalable devices fabricated free of exfoliation and transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Nguyen
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, 855 North 16th Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Thomas Scott
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, 855 North 16th Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Edwin Preciado
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Velveth Klee
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Dezheng Sun
- §Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027-6941, United States
| | - I-Hsi Daniel Lu
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David Barroso
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - SukHyun Kim
- §Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027-6941, United States
| | - Vladimir Ya Shur
- ∥Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
| | - Andrey R Akhmatkhanov
- ∥Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
| | - Alexei Gruverman
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, 855 North 16th Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Ludwig Bartels
- †Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Peter A Dowben
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, 855 North 16th Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kauf T, Rosa V, Fliedel C, Pattacini R, Deibel N, Avilés T, Sarkar B, Braunstein P. Reactivity of TCNE and TCNQ derivatives of quinonoid zwitterions with Cu(I). Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5441-50. [PMID: 25689916 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03956d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of TCNE- and TCNQ-functionalized (TCNE: tetracyanoethylene and TCNQ: 7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinodimethane) zwitterionic benzoquinonemonoimines with a Cu(I)-BIAN complex (BIAN = bis(o,o'-bisisopropylphenyl)acenaphthenequinonediimine) have been investigated and found to follow a diversity of interesting patterns. The complexes [Cu(BIAN)(NCMe)(L2)]BF4 (2) and [Cu(BIAN)(L2)2]BF4 (4) were obtained by reacting [Cu(BIAN)(NCMe)2]BF4 (1) with one and two equivalents of L2, respectively. Following similar procedures, the complexes [Cu(BIAN)(NCMe)(L3)]BF4 (6) and [Cu(BIAN)(L3)2]BF4 (7) were obtained by reaction of 1 with L3. The reaction of 2 with 0.5 equiv. of 4,4'-bipyridine afforded [{Cu(BIAN)(L2)}2(μ-4,4'-bipyridine)](BF4)2 (3). The complexes were characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of complexes 3 ·4CH2Cl2 and 4 ·CH2Cl2 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. An unexpected coordination polymer [Cu((L2-))2]∞ (5) was also structurally characterized, which contains Cu(II) centres chelated by two N,O-bound ligands resulting from the monodeprotonation of L2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kauf
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kong L, Enders A, Rahman TS, Dowben PA. Molecular adsorption on graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:443001. [PMID: 25287516 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/44/443001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Current studies addressing the engineering of charge carrier concentration and the electronic band gap in epitaxial graphene using molecular adsorbates are reviewed. The focus here is on interactions between the graphene surface and the adsorbed molecules, including small gas molecules (H(2)O, H(2), O(2), CO, NO(2), NO, and NH(3)), aromatic, and non-aromatic molecules (F4-TCNQ, PTCDA, TPA, Na-NH(2), An-CH(3), An-Br, Poly (ethylene imine) (PEI), and diazonium salts), and various biomolecules such as peptides, DNA fragments, and other derivatives. This is followed by a discussion on graphene-based gas sensor concepts. In reviewing the studies of the effects of molecular adsorption on graphene, it is evident that the strong manipulation of graphene's electronic structure, including p- and n-doping, is not only possible with molecular adsorbates, but that this approach appears to be superior compared to these exploiting edge effects, local defects, or strain. However, graphene-based gas sensors, albeit feasible because huge adsorbate-induced variations in the relative conductivity are possible, generally suffer from the lack of chemical selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Kong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, 855 North 16th Street, University of Nebraska, PO Box 880299, Lincoln, NE 68588-0299, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ghisolfi A, Waldvogel A, Routaboul L, Braunstein P. Reversible Switching of the Coordination Modes of a Pyridine-Functionalized Quinonoid Zwitterion; Its Di- and Tetranuclear Palladium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5515-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500194y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ghisolfi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Kong L, Routaboul L, Braunstein P, Park HG, Choi J, Córdova JPC, Vega E, Rosa LG, Doudin B, Dowben PA. Adsorption of TCNQH-functionalized quinonoid zwitterions on gold and graphene: evidence for dominant intermolecular interactions. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
18
|
Rosa LG, Velev J, Zhang Z, Alvira J, Vega O, Diaz G, Routaboul L, Braunstein P, Doudin B, Losovyj YB, Dowben PA. Approaching an organic semimetal: Electron pockets at the Fermi level for a p-benzoquinonemonoimine zwitterion. PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI. B, BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS : PSS 2012; 249:10.1002/pssb.201147426. [PMID: 24385866 PMCID: PMC3876477 DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201147426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence of electron pockets, at the Fermi level, in the band structure for an organic zwitterion molecule of the p-benzoquinonemonoimine type. The electronic structure of the zwitterion molecular film has a definite, although small, density of states evident at the Fermi level as well as a nonzero inner potential and thus is very different from a true insulator. In spite of a small Brillouin zone, significant band width is observed in the intermolecular band dispersion. The results demonstrate that Bloch's theorem applies to the wave vector dependence of the electronic band structure formed from the molecular orbitals of adjacent molecules in a molecular thin film of a p-benzoquinonemonoimine type zwitterion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. Rosa
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico – Humacao, Call Box 860, Humacao, PR 00792, USA
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Facundo Bueso Bldg., San Juan, PR 00931, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 North 16th Street, P.O. Box 880299, Lincoln, NE 68588-0299, USA
| | - Julian Velev
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico – Humacao, Call Box 860, Humacao, PR 00792, USA
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Facundo Bueso Bldg., San Juan, PR 00931, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 North 16th Street, P.O. Box 880299, Lincoln, NE 68588-0299, USA
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - Jose Alvira
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico – Humacao, Call Box 860, Humacao, PR 00792, USA
| | - Omar Vega
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico – Humacao, Call Box 860, Humacao, PR 00792, USA
| | - Gerson Diaz
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico – Humacao, Call Box 860, Humacao, PR 00792, USA
| | - Lucie Routaboul
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Doudin
- Institut de Physique, Applique de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss B.P. 20, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yaroslav B. Losovyj
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Facundo Bueso Bldg., San Juan, PR 00931, USA
- The J. Bennett Johnston Sr. Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices, Louisiana State University, 6980 Jefferson Hwy., Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA
| | - Peter A. Dowben
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Facundo Bueso Bldg., San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Routaboul L, Braunstein P, Xiao J, Zhang Z, Dowben PA, Dalmas G, Da Costa V, Félix O, Decher G, Rosa LG, Doudin B. Altering the static dipole on surfaces through chemistry: molecular films of zwitterionic quinonoids. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8494-506. [PMID: 22509815 DOI: 10.1021/ja212104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of molecular films made of small molecules with a large intrinsic electrical dipole has been explored. The data indicate that such dipolar molecules may be used for altering the interface dipole screening at the metal electrode interface in organic electronics. More specifically, we have investigated the surface electronic spectroscopic properties of zwitterionic molecules containing 12π electrons of the p-benzoquinonemonoimine type, C(6)H(2)(···NHR)(2)(···O)(2)(R = H (1), n-C(4)H(9) (2), C(3)H(6)-S-CH(3) (3), C(3)H(6)-O-CH(3) (4), CH(2)-C(6)H(5) (5)), adsorbed on Au. These molecules are stable zwitterions by virtue of the meta positions occupied by the nitrogen and oxygen substituents on the central ring, respectively. The structures of 2-4 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and indicate that in these molecules, two chemically connected but electronically not conjugated 6π electron subunits are present, which explains their strong dipolar character. We systematically observed that homogeneous molecular films with thickness as small as 1 nm were formed on Au, which fully cover the surface, even for a variety of R substituents. Preferential adsorption toward the patterned gold areas on SiO(2) substrates was found with 4. Optimum self-assembling of 2 and 5 results in ordered close packed films, which exhibit n-type character, based on the position of the Fermi level close to the conduction band minimum, suggesting high conductivity properties. This new type of self-assembled molecular films offers interesting possibilities for engineering metal-organic interfaces, of critical importance for organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Routaboul
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kauf T, Braunstein P. Reactivity of TCNE or TCNQ Derivatives of Quinonoid Zwitterions: Platinum-Induced HCN Elimination vs Oxidative-Addition. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11472-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2013045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kauf
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fang Y, Nguyen P, Ivasenko O, Aviles MP, Kebede E, Askari MS, Ottenwaelder X, Ziener U, Siri O, Cuccia LA. Charge-assisted hydrogen bond-directed self-assembly of an amphiphilic zwitterionic quinonemonoimine at the liquid-solid interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11255-7. [PMID: 21927761 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge-assisted hydrogen bond-directed self-assembly of a zwitterionic quinonemonoimine was investigated at the liquid/solid interface using scanning tunnelling microscopy. Factors governing morphology, chirality and multilayer formation are discussed, presenting an important foundation for understanding the properties of a large family of related molecules with interesting potential in supramolecular design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC, Canada H4B 1R6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Kauf T, Braunstein P. Contrasting behaviour of TCNE and TCNQ zwitterionic benzoquinonemonoimine derivatives and coordination of a tricyanoethenyl substituent to Pd(0). Dalton Trans 2011; 40:9967-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|